PDRB Penggunaan BPS 2006-2010

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mhmhgx`l aigsxmsl jhzjbcbl cikigcbg fbkbm mbs|bzbabv'


thgfbtbvbg |bgc floltvbabg mhkbkxl tzishs haigiml fbzl jhzjbcbl mbobm shaviz flcxgbabg

ikh` jhzjbcbl lgsvlvxsl fimhsvla (zxmb` vbgccb+ khmjbcb gigtzielv |bgc mhkb|bgl ZV+

thmhzlgvb` shzvb shaviz tzifxasl fl lkb|b` fimhsvla, xgvxa mhmhgx`l ahjxvx`bg

aigsxmsl ba`lzg|b jbla jbzbgc mbxtxg nbsb' _hthzvl |bgc vhkb` flxzblabg tbfb jbj

shjhkxmg|b jb`b thmbablbg jbzbgc fbg nbsb vhzshjxv+ shobzb cbzls jhsbz flahkimtiaabg

mhgnbfl fxb mbobm |blvx> thgccxgbbg xgvxa aigsxmsl bgvbzb (flcxgbabg xgvxa ahjxvx`bg

flfbkbm tzishs tzifxasl,+ fbg thgccxgbbg xgvxa aigsxmsl ba`lz cxgb mhmhgx`l aigsxmsl

jhzjbcbl cikigcbg fbkbm mbs|bzbabv'


thgfbtbvbg |bgc fl`bslkabg fbzl tzishs haigiml fbzl jhzjbcbl mbobm shaviz tzifxasl

flcxgbabg ikh` jhzjbcbl lgsvlvxsl fimhsvla (zxmb` vbgccb+ khmjbcb gig tzielv |bgc

mhkb|bgl ZV+ thmhzlgvb` shzvb shaviz tzifxasl fl lkb|b` fimhsvla, xgvxa mhmhgx`l

ahjxvx`bg aigsxmsl ba`lzg|b jbla jbzbgc mbxtxg nbsb' _hthzvl |bgc vhkb` flxzblabg tbfb

jbj shjhkxmg|b jb`b thmbablbg jbzbgc fbg nbsb vhzshjxv+ shobzb cbzls jhsbz

flahkimtiaabg mhgnbfl fxb mbobm |blvx> thgccxgbbg xgvxa aigsxmsl bgvbzb (flcxgbabg





xgvxa ahjxvx`bg flfbkbm tzishs tzifxasl,+ fbg thgccxgbbg xgvxa aigsxmsl ba`lz cxgb

mhmhgx`l ahjxvx`bg aigsxmsl fbkbm jhzjbcbl cikigcbg fbkbm mbs|bzbabv'

:'2 Thzmlgvbbg Ba`lz fbg Thzmlgvbbg Bgvbzb

Mhgxzxv aigsht _|svhm ie Gbvligbk Booixgv fl`bslkabg ikh` jhzjbcbl shaviz

haigiml+ flahkimtiaabg mhgnbfl>

:'2'2 Thzmlgvbbg bgvbzb) Aigsxmsl bgvbzb1

Bfbkb` thzmlgvbbg shaviz tzifxasl vhz`bfbt jbzbgc fbg nbsb |bgc fl`bslkabg ikh`

jhzjbcbl shaviz haigiml+ |bgc flcxgbabgg|b shjbcbl lgtxv bgvbzb fbkbm tzishs tzifxasl'

Oigvi`+ ab|x chkigfigcbg fl`bslkabg ikh` sxjshaviz ikh` shaviz lgfxsvzl shjbcbl jb`bg

jbax lgfxsvzl ab|x ikb`bg' Oigvi` kblg+ Ahkbtb _blv Vbgfbg Jxb` _hcbz |bgc fl`bslkabg ikh`

sxjshaviz Thzahjxgbg flcxgbabg ikh` shaviz lgfxsvzl shjbcbl jb`bg lgfxsvzl Mlg|ba _blv+

shzvb mbsl` jbg|ba kblg |bgc shnhgls'

:'2': Thzmlgvbbg Ba`lz ) Aigsxmsl ba`lz1

Bfbkb` thzmlgvbbg |bgc flkbaxabg ikh` aigsxmhg ba`lz vhz`bfbt jbzbgc fbg nbsb

|bgc fl`bslkabg jhzjbcbl shaviz haigiml+ |bgc flcxgbabg xgvxa mhmhgx`l ahjxvx`bg

aigsxmsl zxmb` vbgccb+ khmjbcb sbsvb glzkbjb fbg aigsxmsl thmhzlgvb` shzvb aimtighg

thzmlgvbbg ba`lz kblgg|b' Aimtighg thzmlgvbbg ba`lz |bgc flmbasxfabg flslgl bgvbzb kblg+

mhgobaxt>

b' Thgchkxbzbg aigsxmsl zxmb`vbgccb'

j' Thgchkxbzbg aigsxmsl khmjbcb sbsvb glzkbjb

o' Thgchkxbzbg aigsxmsl thmhzlgvb`'f' Thmjhgvxabg Mifbk Vhvbt Fimhsvla Jzxvi (TMVJ,'

h' Thzxjb`bg svia fbg+

e' Hastiz ghvi'

Fbkbm ahg|bvbbg sh`bzl-`bzl+ jbzbgc fbg nbsb |bgc flcxgbabg xgvxa mhmhgx`l

ahjxvx`bg ba`lz vhzshjxv+ vlfba sbnb jhzbsbk fbzl tzifxa fimhsvla+ mhkblgabg shjbclbg





jhzbsbk fbzl tzifxa zhcligbk kblg bvbx lmtiz' Fhgcbg fhmlalbg+ shobzb zlgcabs Tzifxa

Fimhsvla Zhcligbk Jzxvi mhgxzxv thgccxgbbg fbtbv fleizmxkbslabg shjbcbl jhzlaxv'

\!M=O!L!_!H ''''''''''''''''''(2,

flmbgb>

\ =Tzifxa Fimhsvla Zhcligbk Jzxvi

M = Lmtiz

O =Aigsxmsl Zxmb` Vbgccb+ Khmjbcb _bsvb Glzkbjb fbg Aigsxmsl Thmhzlgvb`'

L =Thmjhgvxabg Mifbk Vhvbt Jzxvi (TMVJ,

H =Hastiz'

_ =Thzxjb`bg _via'

Abzhgb |bgc fl`lvxgc `bg|b tzifxa fimhsvla bvbx thgfbtbvbg |bgc flvlmjxkabg fl

fbhzb` shgflzl+ mbab eizmxkbsl flbvbs fbtbv flmiflelabsl mhgnbfl>

\ = O ! L ! _ ! (H - M, ''''''''''''''''''(:,

flmbgb>

(H-M,=Hastizghvi+|blvxhastizflaxzbgcllmtiz'

:': Thgchkxbzbg Aigsxmsl Zxmb` Vbgccb

Thgchkxbzbg aigsxmsl zxmb` vbgccb mhzxtbabg thgchkxbzbg shahkimtia izbgc

|bgc vlgccbk jhzsbmb fbkbm sxbvx jbgcxgbg vhmtbv vlgccbk bvbs jbzbgc bvbx nbsb xgvxa

vxnxbg aigsxmsl' Zxmb` vbgccb fbkbm `bk lgl jhzexgcsl shjbcbl aigsxmhg ba`lz ( elgbk

oigsxmhz , fbzl ahkimtia mbabgbg fbg gig-mbabgbg'

Fbkbm thgc`lvxgcbg thgchkxbzbg aigsxmsl zxmb` vbgccb bfb fxb thgfhabvbg+ |blvx1

2' Thgchkxbzbg zxmb` vbgccb fl lkb|b` fimhsvla sxbvx fbhzb`'





:' Thgchkxbzbg zxmb` vbgccb thgfxfxa sxbvx fbhzb`'

Thgchkxbzbg aigsxmsl tbfb obzb thzvbmb mhkltxvl shkxzx` thgchkxbzbg |bgc

flkbaxabg ikh` bgccivb zxmb` vbgccb+ jbla thgfxfxa fbhzb` lvx shgflzl mbxtxg thgfxfxa

fbhzb` kblg' Thgfxfxa fbhzb` kblg+ shthzvl svbe ahfxvbbg bslgc+ svbe thzbalkbg fbhzb`+ fbg

vxzls bslgc' _hfbgcabg |bgc flmbasxf thgchkxbzbg aigsxmsl zxmb` vbgccb tbfb obzb ahfxb

bfbkb` thgchkxbzbg |bgc flkbaxabg thgfxfxa fbhzb` lvx sbnb+ vlfba vhzmbsxa thgchkxbzbg

thgfxfxa fbhzb` kblg' Fbkbm thgc`lvxgcbg thgfbtbvbg zhcligbk+ aigsht |bgc fltbabl xgvxa

mhgc`lvxgc thgchkxbzbg aigsxmsl zxmb` vbgccb bfbkb` obzb ahfxb'

_xmjhz fbvb |bgc flthzcxgbabg xgvxa mhgc`lvxgc thgchkxbzbg zxmb` vbgccb

bfbkb` `bslk _xzuhl _islbk Haigiml Gbsligbk (_X_HGB_, |bgc flkbaxabg JT_' Thzalzbbg

jhsbzg|b thgchkxbzbg aigsxmsl zxmb` vbgccb flfbsbzabg tbfb fbvb tiaia _X_HGB_+ fbvb

nxmkb` thgfxfxa thzvhgcb`bg vb`xg+ fbvb Lgfhas @bzcb Aigsxmhg' Mifxk aigsxmsl zxmb`

vbgccb fbkbm _X_HGB_ flkbaxabg shvlbt vlcb vb`xg shabkl+ fbg tbfb txjklabsl lgl flcxgbabg

`bslk _X_HGB_ vb`xg :448'

Aigsxmsl zxmb` vbgccb mhgxzxv `bslk _xzuhl _islbk Haigiml Gbsligbk flahkimtiaabg

mhgnbfl>

2' Mbabgbg+ mlgxmbg fbg vhmjbabx+ jbla |bgc flkbaxabg fl fbkbm zxmb` mbxtxg fl

kxbz zxmb`'

:' Thzxmb`bg+ jb`bg jbabz+ thghzbgcbg fbg blz'

?' Bghab jbzbgc fbg nbsb'

6' Tbablbg+ bkbs abal fbg vxvxt ahtbkb'

8' Jbzbgc-jbzbgc vb`bg kbmb'

5' Tbnba fbg tzhml bsxzbgsl'

3' Thgchkxbzbg thsvb fbg xtbobzb'

Bfb jhjhzbtb thgchkxbzbg |bgc vlfba flabvhcizlabg shjbcbl aigsxmsl+ bgvbzb kblg>

2' Thgclzlmbg xbgc ) mhg|xmjbgc'





:' Thgchkxbzbg xgvxa mhgbjxgc'

?' Mhmjhkl sxzbv-sxzbv jhz`bzcb ) jhgfbvba jhzchzba'

6' Tzhml bsxzbgsl (vlfba vhzmbsxa bsxzbgsl nlb,'

8' Mhmjb|bz bvbx mhmlgnbm xbgc'

5' Mhmjbgcxg bvbx mhmjhkl zxmb`'

3' Thgchkxbzbg xgvxa xsb`b zxmb` vbgccb'

Thzkx alzbg|b flnhkbsabg jb`b thzlifh zxnxabg fbvb aigsxmsl zxmb` vbgccb fbzl

`bslk _X_HGB_ bfbkb` shkbmb shmlgccx |bgc kbkx xgvxa ahkimtia mbabgbg fbg shkbmb

shjxkbg |bgc kbkx xgvxa ahkimtia gig mbabgbg' Ikh` abzhgb lvx+ xgvxa mhmthzalzbabg

aigsxmsl shvb`xg flcxgbabg thgfhabvbg shjbcbl jhzlaxv>

Xgvxa ahkimtia mbabgbg+ glkbl aigsxmsl thzabtlvb shkbmb sbvx jxkbg flthzalzbabg

sbmb fhgcbg ?4 fljbcl 3+ ahmxflbg flabkl fhgcbg glkbl aigsxmsl shkbmb shmlgccx'

_hfbgcabg glkbl aigsxmsl shkbmb shvb`xg sbmb fhgcbg 2: flabkl glkbl aigsxmsl

shkbmb shjxkbg'

Xgvxa ahkimtia gig mbabgbg+ glkbl aigsxmsl thzabtlvb shkbmb sbvx vb`xg sbmb

fhgcbg 2: flabkl glkbl aigsxmsl shkbmb sbvx jxkbg'

:'? Thgchkxbzbg Aigsxmsl Khmjbcb _bsvb Glzkbjb

Khmjbcb _bsvb Glzkbjb bfbkb` khmjbcb bvbx jbfbg sbsvb |bgc mhmjhzlabg

thkb|bgbg bvbx nbsb ahtbfb mbs|bzbabv+ shthzvl khmjbcb-khmjbcb thgflflabg+ ahsh`bvbg

(ahoxbkl fiavhz tzbavha,+ jbfbg ahbcbmbbg fbg izcbglsbsl ahshnb`vhzbbg |bgc vlfba

mhgcxvbmbabg ahxgvxgcbg' _hjbclbg jhsbz ahclbvbg khmjbcb jhzsxmjhz fbzl sxmjbgcbg

bvbx figbsl zxmb` vbgccb' Xmxmg|b thahznb |bgc bavle fbkbm ahclbvbg khmjbcb mhzxtbabg

vhgbcb ahznb vlfba fljb|bz'

Klgcaxt khmjbcb sbsvb glzkbjb lgl fljbcl mhgnbfl 3 (vxnx`, jhgvxa izcbglsbsl |blvx>

2' Izcbglsbsl Ahmbs|bzbabvbg (Izmbs,' Izcbglsbsl lgl fljhgvxa ikh` bgccivb

mbs|bzbabv shobzb sxabzhkb bvbs fbsbz ahsbmbbg exgcsl+ shthzvl> Mx`bmmbfl|b`+

LOML+ Gb`fbvxk Xkbmb+ AGTL+ @ML+ Thmxfb Tbgobslkb+ Aiscizi fbg kblgg|b'




TFZJ Mhgxzxv Thgccxgbbg Abjxtbvhg Mhkbl <

:' Izcbglsbsl _islbk (Izsis,' Izcbglsbsl bvbx thzaxmtxkbg sislbk |bgc fljhgvxa ikh`

bgccivb mbs|bzbabv jbla jhzjbfbg `xaxm mbxtxg vlfba+ shjbcbl sbzbgb tbzvlstbsl

mbs|bzbabv fbkbm xsb`b ahshnb`vhzbbg sislbk+ mlsbkg|b> tbgvl bsx`bg+ tbgvl hzf`b+

\b|bsbg Thgflflabg Bgba Obobv (\TBO,+ tbgvl vxgb ghvzb+ fbg shnhglsg|b'

?' Izcbglsbsl Tziehsl (Iztzhe,' Izcbglsbsl |bgc fljhgvxa ikh` bgccivb mbs|bzbabv fbzl

flsltklg lkmx |bgc sbmb bvbx shnhgls+ shjbcbl sbzbgb mhglgcabvabg thgchvb`xbg+

ahvhzbmtlkbg+ shzvb shjbcbl b`bgb thgcbjflbg mbs|bzbabv+ shthzvl> Labvbg

Baxgvbgsl Lgfighslb+ Labvbg _bznbgb Haigiml Lgfighslb+ fbg shnhglsg|b'

6' Thzaxmtxkbg _islbk ) Ahjxfb|bbg ) Ikb`zbcb ) @ijl' Izcbglsbsl |bgc fljhgvxa ikh`

bgccivb mbs|bzbabv |bgc jhzmlgbv mhgchmjbgcabg ahmbmtxbg ) btzhslbsl jxfb|b+

ikb`zbcb+ ìjl+ ahclbvbg |bgc jhzslebv sislbk+ shthzvl> Tbfhtiabg _hgl fbg Jxfb|b+

Labvbg Thgcchmbz Bcczha+ Labvbg Miviz Lgfighslb+ fbg kblgg|b'

8' Khmjbcb _bfb|b Mbs|bzbabv (K_M,' Khmjbcb |bgc fljhgvxa ikh` bgccivb

mbs|bzbabv shjbcbl xnxf ahsbfbzbg fbg tbzvlsltbslg|b fbkbm zbgcab mhglgcabvabg

vbzbe `lfxt fbg ahshnb`vhzbbg mbs|bzbabvg|b bvbs fbsbz ahmbgflzlbg bvbx sbfb|b'

Jhjbzbtb flbgvbzbg|b bfbkb`> KT?H_+ \b|bsbg Jlgb _bfb|b+ \KAL+ TAJL+ fbg

shnhglsg|b'

5' Khmjbcb Ahbcbmbbg' Khmjbcb |bgc fljhgvxa ikh` bgccivb mbs|bzbabv fhgcbg

vxnxbg mhmjlgb+ mhgchmjbgcabg+ mhgs|lbzabg bcbmb+ shthzvl> Mbnhkls Vb“klm+

Zhmbnb Mbsnlf+ Khmjbcb Fbab`'

3' Izcbglsbsl Jbgvxbg Ahmbgxslbbg ) Jhbslsb' Izcbglsbsl |bgc fljhgvxa ikh`

mbs|bzbabv fhgcbg vxnxbg mhmjhzlabg jbgvxbg ahtbfb aizjbg jhgobgb bkbmbv

bvbx thghzlmb jhbslsb bvbs fbsbz ahmbgxslbbg+ olgvb shsbmb+ siklfbzlvbs+ mlsbkg|b>

CGIVB+ \b|bsbg _xthzshmbz+ \b|bsbg Nbgvxgc _h`bv+ |b|bsbg Abgahz Lgfighslb+ fbg

shnhglsg|b'

Thgchkxbzbg khmjbcb lgl+ bgvbzb kblg mhkltxvl> Thmjhklbg fbg thghzlmbbg vzbgsehz

fbkbm jhgvxa gbvxzb fbzl jbzbgc fbg nbsb+ thmjb|bzbg xtb` cbnl+ thg|xsxvbg fbg tbnba vba

kbgcsxgc |bgc fljb|bz ikh` khmjbcb |bgc jhzsbgcaxvbg'





_xmjhz fbvb xgvxa ubzlbjhk lgl flthzikh` fbzl sxzuhl a`xsxs+ sbkb` sbvxg|b bfbkb`

_AKGT (_xzuhl A`xsxs Khmjbcb Gig Tzielv,' _hmhgvbzb fbvb thgfxaxgc kblg |bgc fljxvxàbg

bfbkb` L@A thzahkimtia thgchkxbzbg xgvxa mhgc`lvxgc thgchkxbzbg aigsxmsl khmjbcb

sbsvb glzkbjb bvbs fbsbz `bzcb aigsvbg'

:'6 Thgchkxbzbg Aigsxmsl Thmhzlgvb`

\bgc flmbasxfabg ahclbvbg thmhzlgvb`bg flslgl bfbkb` jhzxtb ahclbvbg bfmlglsvzbsl

thmhzlgvb` fbg thzvb`bgbg' Thgchzvlbg thmhzlgvb` mhgobaxt thmhzlgvb` txsbv fbg

fbhzb` (Tzitlgsl+ Abjxtbvhg)Aivb fbg fhsb,'

Thgchkxbzbg aigsxmsl thmhzlgvb` bfbkb` jhsbzg|b glkbl nbsb |bgc fl`bslkabg xgvxa

ahthzkxbg aigsxmsl shgflzl' Glkbl nbsb lgl bfbkb` shjhsbz glkbl tzifxasl jzxvi flaxzbgcl

fhgcbg nxmkb` thgnxbkbg jbzbgc fbg nbsb |bgc vlfba fbtbv fltlsbàbg fbzl ahclbvbg

thmhzlgvb`' Xgvxa mhmthzikh` jhsbzg|b glkbl jbzbgc fbg nbsb |bgc flaigsxmsl shgflzl

shobzb kbgcsxgc vlfba mxgcalg+ abzhgb tzifxasl fbzl shaviz thmhzlgvb` lgl vlfba flnxbk' Ikh`

shjbj lvx+ jhsbzg|b aigsxmsl thmhzlgvb` flthzalzbabg sbmb fhgcbg jhsbzg|b jlb|b |bgc

flahkxbzabg fbkbm mhkbasbgbabg ahclbvbg tzifxasl' Jlb|b-jlb|b |bgc flmbasxf bgvbzb kblg>

b' Thgchkxbzbg thmhzlgvb` xgvxa mhmjb|bz xtb` fbg cbnl thcbbl shjbcbl jbkbs nbsb

|bgc vhkb` fljhzlabg+ shkbgnxvg|b flshjxv jhkbgnb thcbbl' \bgc vhzflzl fbzl jhkbgnb

thcbbl Thmhzlgvb` Txsbv fbg Thmhzlgvb` Fbhzb` jbla sltlk mbxtxg mlklvhz'

j' Thgchkxbzbg thmhzlgvb` xgvxa thmjhklbg jbzbgc fbg nbsb |bgc `bjls fltbabl fbkbm

tzishs tzifxasl |bgc shkbgnxvg|b flshjxv jhkbgnb jbzbgc'

o' Thgchkxbzbg xgvxa thg|xsxvbg jbzbgc mifbk thmhzlgvb`'

Fbkbm thg|xsxgbg thgchkxbzbg aigsxmsl thmhzlgvb` lgl flcxgbabg jhzjbcbl mbobm

fbvbs shthzvl> Zhbklsbsl Bgccbzbg Thgfbtbvbg fbg Jhkbgnb Fbhzb` (Z-BTJF, xgvxa mbslgc-

mbslgc vlgcabv thmhzlgvb`bg+ nxmkb` thcbbl ghchzl sltlk+ L@TJ (Lgfhas @bzcb Thzfbcbgcbg

Jhsbz, xmxm vbgtb hastiz fbg L@A (Lgfhas @bzcb Aigsxmhg,'





Xgvxa mhgc`lvxgc thgchkxbzbg aigsxmsl thmhzlgvb`+ vhzkhjl` fb`xkx flsxsxg

ghzbob tzifxasl thmhzlgvb`+ flmbgb aigsxmsl thmhzlgvb` mhzxtbabg sbkb` sbvx

aimtighgg|b' Ghzbob tzifxasl thmhzlgvb` vhzflzl fbzl thgchkxbzbg xgvxa jlb|b bgvbzb

(jhkbgnb jbzbgc fbg jbgvxbg sislbk,+ jbkbs nbsb thcbbl)jhkbgnb thcbbl fbg thg|xsxvbg fl

slsl alzl+ shzvb aigsxmsl thmhzlgvb` (ixvtxv gigtbsbz, fbg thgnxbkbg fbzl jbzbgc fbg nbsb

(ixvtxv tbsbz, fl slsl abgbg' Xzblbg aimtighg-aimtighg ghzbob tzifxasl thmhzlgvb`

bfbkb` shjbcbl jhzlaxv>

b' Ixvtxv thmhzlgvb` vhzflzl fbzl ixvtxv tbsbz fbg ixvtxv gigtbsbz' Ixvtxv gigtbsbz

bfbkb` ixvtxv |bgc fl`bslkabg ikh` thmhzlgvb` |bgc flcxgbabg shgflzl ikh`

thmhzlgvb` shjbcbl aigsxmsl ba`lzg|b' _hfbgcabg ixvtxv tbsbz thmhzlgvb`

mhzxtbabg thgnxbkbg fbzl jbzbgc fbg nbsb |bgc fl`bslkabg ikh` thmhzgvb` |bgc

flsxtkbl shobzb czbvls'

j' Jlb|b bgvbzb bfbkb` thmbablbg jbzbgc |bgc vlfba vb`bg kbmb shzvb nbsb fbg jbgvxbg

sislbk |bgc flcxgbabg shjbcbl lgtxv fbkbm mhgc`bskabg ixvtxv thmhzlgvb`'

o' Glkbl vbmjb` jzxvi thmhzlgvb` mhzxtbabg thgnxmkb`bg fbzl jbkbs nbsb thcbbl

(jhkbgnb thcbbl, fbg th|xsxvbg' Jbkbs nbsb thcbbl mhzxtbabg thmjb|bzbg |bgc

flvhzlmb thcbbl shobzb kbgcsxgc sh`xjxgcbg fhgcbg thahznbbg+ jbla fbkbm jhgvxaxbgc mbxtxg jbzbgc' _hfbgcabg thg|xsxvbg mhzxtbabg glkbl |bgc flslslàbg

shjbcbl thgccbgvl sxsxv jbzbgc mifbk thmhlzgvb` abzhgb fltbabl fbkbm tzishs

tzifxasl'

:'8 Thmjhgvxabg Mifbk Vhvbt Jzxvi (TMVJ,

\bgc flmbasxf fhgcbg TMVJ mhkltxvl jhzjbcbl mbobm thgchkxbzbg xgvxa

thgcbfbbg+ thmjxbvbg fbg thmjhklbg jbzbgc mifbk jbzx' Thgcbfbbg jbzbgc mifbk

vhzshjxv fbtbv jhzxtb thgcbfbbg fbzl lkb|b` lvx shgflzl bvbxtxg fhgcbg obzb mhmjhkl fbzl

lkb|b` kblg bvbx lmtiz' Vhzmbsxa tbfb thgchkxbzbg xgvxa mhglgcabvabg mxvx fbg

thzjblabg jbzbgc mifbk |bgc glkblg|b zhkbvle jhsbz sh`lgccb jhzbaljbv jhzvbmjb` tbgnbgc

xmxz thmbablbg bvbx mhgblabg abtbslvbs tzifxasl fbzl jbzbgc mifbk vhzshjxv'




TFZJ Mhgxzxv Thgccxgbbg Abjxtbvhg Mhkbl 2:

Thglkblbg TMV Jbvbs fbsbz `bzcb thmjhkl+ |blvx `bzcb jbzbgc mifbk flvbmjb`

fhgcbg jlb|b-jlb|b kblg |bgc flahkxbzabg+ shthzvl jlb|b vzbgstizv+ jlb|b lgsvbkbsl vhzmbsxa

jlb|b jhb mbsxa fbg tbnba vba kbgcsxgc' Thgc`lxgcbg TMVJ jhzxtb mhslg+ bkbv bgcaxvbg

fbg jbzbgc mifbk kblgg|b mhzxtbabg fbvb bavlub vhvbt `bslk _hgsxs Haigiml :445 (_H“45,

shjbcbl jhgo`mbza + flvbmjb` fbvb `bslk sxzuhl jbzbgc mifbk bvbx kbtizbg ahxbgcbg

thzxsb`bbg shjbcbl hasvzbtikbviz' Btbjlkb bgcab |bgc mhgnbfl TMVJ jhgo`mbza flabklabg

fhgcbg hasvzbtikbviz tbfb vb`xg v mbab babg flthzikh` TMVJ jhzxtb mhslg+ bkbv bgcaxbvbg

fbg jbzbgc mifbk kblgg|b bvbs fbsbz `bzcb jhzkbax' _hmhgvbzb xgvxa mhmthzikh` glkbl

TMVJ bvbs fbsbz `bzcb aigsvbg flthzikh` fhgcbg obzb mhmjbcl TMVJ bvbs fbsbz `bzcb

jhzkbax fhgcbg lgfhas lmtklslv mbslgc-mbslgc nhgls jbzbgc mifbk'

Fbvb |bgc fljxvxàbg xgvxa hsvlmbsl thmjhgvxabg mifbk bfbkb`> ixvtxv jbgcxgbg

fbzl shaviz aigsvzxasl+ fbvb XMJ (Xsb`b Mhghgcb` Jhsbz, fbg XMA (Xsb`b Mlazi Aholk,

`bslk _hgsxs Haigiml :445 (_H“45,+ sxzuhl kbtbgcbg bvbx kbtizbg ahxbgcbg thzxsb`bbbg-

thzxsb`bbg shzvb lgfhas lmtklslv TMVJ gbsligbk jhzxtb mhslg+bkbv bgcaxvbg fbg jbzbgc

mifbk kblgg|b'

:'5 Hastiz fbg Lmtiz

Hastiz mhzxtbabg sbkb` sbvx vzbgsbasl haigiml (vzbgsbasl thzfbcbgcbg, |bgc

flkbaxabg ikh` thgfxfxa sxbvx ghcbzb)zhclig fhgcbg tl`ba kxbz ghchzl)zhclig kblg'Vzbgsbasl

vhzshjxv mhkltxvl vzbgsbasl jbzbgc+ nbsb thgcbgcaxvbg+ nbsb tbzllsbvb fbg nbsb kblgg|b'

Vzbgsbasl jbzbgc fbg nbsb tbfb fbsbzg|b flobvbv tbfb sbbv ahthmlklabg jbzbgc vhzshjxv

jhztlgfb` fbzl ghcbzb bsbk ah ghcbzb vxnxbg+ bvbx tbfb sbbv nbsb vhzshjxv flvhzlmb ikh`

thgfxfxa ghcbzb vxnxbg' _hfbgcabg aigsht lmtiz tbfb fbsbzg|b sbmb fhgcbg hastiz+

`bg|b sbnb aigsht lmtiz flkl`bv fbzl slsl shjbklag|b'

Kbgcab` bbk xgvxa mhgchsvlmbsl glkbl hastiz fbg lmtiz bgvbz ghcbzb fhgcbg

mhgcxmtxkabg fbvb hastiz)lmtiz fbzl _vbvlsvla Hastiz fbg Lmtiz JT_ |bgc glkblg|b fbkbm

sbvxbg fikkbz Bmhzlab fbkbm fxb flclv @_ (shalvbz 244 aimiflvbs,' _hkbgnxvg|b glkbl

hastiz)lmtiz jbzbgc fbkbm fikkbz B_ vhzshjxv flshfh`bgbabg mhgnbfl ?? shaviz haigiml'




TFZJ Mhgxzxv Thgccxgbbg Abjxtbvhg Mhkbl 2?

Ahmxflbg flaiguhzslabg ah fbkbm zxtlb` fhgcbg obzb mhgcbklabg glkbl fikkbz B_ vhzshjxv

fhgcbg axzs `bzcb hastiz vhzvlmjbgc' Glkbl hastiz)lmtiz |bgc mbsl` fbkbm sbvxbg zxtlb`

(`bslk aiguhzsl glkbl hastiz)lmtiz fbkbm fikkbz B_ mhgnbfl zxtlb`, vhzshjxv mhzxtbabg glkbl

hastiz)lmtiz bvbs fbsbz `bzcb jhkbax' Xgvxa mhgnbflabgg|b ah fbkbm `bzcb aigsvbg+ glkbl

hastiz)lmtiz bvbs fbsbz `bzcb jhzkbax vhzshjxv `bzxs flfhekbvh fhgcbg mhgccxgbabg

Lgfhas @bzcb Thz Xglv (L@TX, hastiz)lmtiz shjbcbl hasvzbtikbvizg|b'

_hmhgvbzb xgvxa mhgclvxgc bgcab hastiz)lmtiz jbzbgc bgvbz fbhzb`+ Lgfhas @bzcb

Thzfbcbgcbg Jhsbz (L@TJ, khjl` flzhaimhgfbslabg' _hfbgcabg xgvxa hastiz)lmtiz nbsbg|b

jlsb flcxgbabg Lgfhas @bzcb Aigsxmhg (L@A,'

Bfbtxg sxmjhz fbvb xgvxa glkbl hastiz)lmtiz jbzbgc fbg nbsb bgvbz ghcbzb fbtbv

flthzikh` _vbvlsvla Hastiz fbg Lmtiz JT_+ Ghzbob Thmjb|bzbg |bgc flvhzjlvabg ikh` JL (Jbga

Lgfighslb, fbg LME (Lgvhzgbvligbk Mighvbz| Exgf, shzvb fbvb fbzl Fhtbzvhmhg

Thzvbmjbgcbg fbg Hghzcl' Flslsl kblg fbvb mhgchgbl hastiz)lmtiz bgvbz fbhzb` jlsb

flaxmtxkabg fbzl thgobvbvbg bfmlglsvzbviz thkbjx`bg kbxv+ thkbjx`bg sxgcbl+ thkbjx`bg

xfbzb (jbgfbzb, mbxtxg fbzbv)vhzmlgbk btbjlkb mhmxgcalgabg'





QTHZHAIGIMLBG ABJXTBVHG MHKBSL]


JBJ LLL

THZHAIGIMLBG ABJXTBVHG MHKBSL

Ahjhz`bslkbg thmjbgcxgbg fl sxbvx lkb|b` fbtbv flxaxz fbzl kbnx)kbmjbvg|b

thzvxmjx`bg haigiml shvlbt vb`xgg|b' Btbjlkb shzlhs fbvb kbnx thzvxmjx`bg fbzl vb`xg ah

vb`xg mhgxgnxaabg bfbg|b thzohtbvbg+ jhzbzvl thmjbgcxgbg thzhaigimlbg mhgcbkbml

thglgcabvbg' Gbmxg thzohtbvbg thzvxmjx`bg haigiml vbgtb fljbzhgcl fhgcbg

thmhzbvbbg ahshnb`vhzbbg (thgchgvbsbg mbsbkb` ahmlsalgbg, fbg thg|hflbbg kbtbgcbg

ahznb (thgcxzbgcbg thgcbgccxzbg,+ babg mhgnbfl tikhmla vhzshgflzl jbcl thmjbgcxgbg'

Thmjbgcxgbg jLsb flabvbabg jhz`bslk btbjlkb kbnx thzvxmjx`bg haigimlg|b vlgccl+ kbnx

lgekbslg|b zhgfb`+ thgfxfxa mlsalg shmbalg jhzaxzbgc fbg vlgcabv thgcbgccxzbg zhgfb`'

Czbela 2' Thzvxmjx`bg TFZJ Abjxtbvhg Mhkbl :445-:424

Alghznb thzhaigimlbg Abjxtbvhg Mhkbl shkbmb klmb vb`xg vhzba`lz mhgcbkbml

ekxavxbsl' Tbfb vb`xg :440 fbg :44< thzvxmjx`bg haigiml abjxtbvhg Mhkbl mhgcbkbml

thgxzxgbg baljbv aigflsl haigiml ckijbk |bgc mhkbmjbv' Thzkbmjbvbg aigflsl haigiml

Bmhzlab _hzlabv fltlox ikh` azlsls azhflv thzxmb`bg (sxjtzlmh mizvcbch, fl Bmhzlab _hzlabv

vb`xg :443 |bgc vbflg|b flthzalzbabg mhmtxg|bl fbmtba vhzjbvbs fbg flbgccbt `bmtlz

shkhsbl'

-

2'44

:'44

?'44

6'44

8'44

5'44

:445 :443 :440 :44< :424





Azhflv mbohv thzxmb`bg vhzshjxv mhg|hjbz ah jhzjbcbl lgsvlvxsl ahxbgcbg

vhzahmxab fl B_ `lgccb fl Hzitb fbg Bslb' Ahcbcbkbg mhgxgvbsabg azhflv mbohv thzxmb`bg

vhzshjxv ba`lzg|b mhgxmjbgcabg tbzb thkbax ahxbgcbg jhsbz fl ghcbzb-ghcbzb vhzshjxv'

Zhshsl thzhaigimlbg B_ jhzbzvl ahmxgcalgbg thzkbmjbvbg thzvxmjx`bg haigiml fxglb

|bgc vlfba `bg|b mhgcbaljbvabg vxzxgg|b fb|b jhkl mbs|bzbabv B_+ vhvbtl nxcb jhzfbmtba

tbfb shkxzx` mbs|bzbabv fxglb' Fbmtba azlsls ahxbgcbg B_ mhgnbkbz ah Hzitb fbg Bslb

Tbslela fbkbm jhgvxa jbgcazxvg|b jbga)lgsvlvxsl ahxbgcbg)aiztizbsl+ mhglgcabvg|b lgekbsl+

mhgxzxgg|b thzvxmjx`bg haigiml+ mhglgcabvg|b thgcbgccxzbg+ fbg zxgvx`g|b lgfhas

sb`bm' Gbmxg slvxbsl lgl mhmjbla tbfb vb`xg :424 sh`lgccb thzvxmjx`bg haigiml

Abjxtbvhg Mhkbl nxcb mhgcbkbml thglgcabvbg `lgccb 2+ 46 thzshg'

Czbela :' Flsvzljxsl TFZJ Bvbs Fbsbz @bzcb Jhzkbax :424

?'2' _vzxavxz Thzhaigimlbg

Fbkbm klmb vb`xg vhzba`lz+ aigvzljxviz vhzjhsbz vhz`bfbt TFZJ Abjxtbvhg Mhkbl

bfbkb` Aigsxmsl Zxmb` Vbgccb fbg Thmjhgvxabg Mifbk Vhvbt Jzxvi fllaxvl fhgcbg

Thgchkxbzbg

Aigsxmsl

Zxmb`vbgccb+

50':4Thgchkxbzbg

Aigsxmsl

Khmjbcb

_bsvb Glzkbjb+

4':3

Thgchkxbzbg

AigsxmslThmhzlgvb`+

23'30

Thmjhgvxabg

Mifbk Vhvbt

Fimhsvla

Jzxvi+ 22'48

Thzxjb`bg

_via+ -2'88

Hastiz - Lmtiz+

6':?





aigsxmsl thmhzlgvb` flxzxvbg ahvlcb' _hfbgcabg thzfbcbgcbg lgvhzgbsligbk shobzb ghvvi

|blvx Hastiz flaxzbgcl Lmtiz shkbmb klmb vb`xg vhzba`lz lgl aigvzljxslg|b mbsl` aholk'

?'2'2 Thgchkxbzbg Aigsxmsl Zxmb` Vbgccb

Aimtislsl thgchkxbzbg |bgc flcxgbabg xgvxa aigsxmsl zxmb` vbgccb bfbkb`

shjhsbz 50+:4 thzshg' @bk lgl vlfba mhgc`hzbgabg mhgclgcbv shjbclbg jhsbz thgfxfxa

vlgccbk fl fbhzb` thfhsbbg' Flmbgb tikb `lfxt mbs|bzbabv khjl` mhmhgvlgcabg thmhgx`bg

ahjxvx`bg zxmb` vbgccb fljbgflgcabg ahjxvx`bg kblgg|b'

Vbjhk 2' _vzxavxz Haigiml Abjxtbvhg Mhkbl Mhgxzxv Nhgls Aigsxmsl Zxmb` Vbgccb

Gi Nhgls Aigsxmsl Zxmb` Vbgccb :445 :443 :440 :44< :424

(2, (:, (?, (6, (8, (5, (3,

2' Mbabgbg 55+23 56+<4 85+?6 85+?6 86+84

:' Gig-Mbabgbg ??+0? ?8+24 6?+55 6?+55 68+84

Vivbk aigsxmsl zxmb` vbgccb fl bvbs+ vhzflzl bvbs thgchkxbzbg xgvxa aigsxmsl

mbabgbg fbg thgchkxbzbg gig- mbabgbg' Nlab flkl`bv fbzl thzshgvbshg|b (kl`bv vbjhk :,+ vivbk

aigsxmsl mbabgbg khjl` jhsbz fbzltbfb aigsxmsl gig-mbabgbg' Tbfb vb`xg :424+ vivbk

aigsxmsl mbabgbg shjhsbz 86+84 thzshg fbzl vivbk aigsxmsl zxmb` vbgccb' Tikb

thgchkxbzbg aigsxmsl mhzxtbabg sbkb` sbvx lgflabviz vlgcabv ahshnb`vhzbbg haigiml sxbvx

thgfxfxa' Mhgxzxv thghklvlbg Hgchk mhkbkxl `xaxm haigimlg|b+ jlkb shkhzb vlfba jhzjhfb

mbab thzshgvbsh thgchkxbzbg xgvxa mbabgbg babg mhgxzxg shlzlgc fhgcbg jhzvbmjb`g|b

nxmkb` thgfbtbvbg' Fhgcbg abvb kblg+ thgxzxgbg thzshgvbsh thgchkxbzbg xgvxa mbabgbg

mhgohzmlgabg mhmjblag|b ah`lfxtbg haigiml thgfxfxa' @bk lgl shsxbl fhgcbg cbmjbzbg

aigsxmsl zxmb` vbgccb fl Abjxtbvhg Mhkbl vb`xg :445-:424' Thzshgvbsh aigsxmsl

mbabgbg vhzxs mhgxzxg fbzl vb`xg ah vb`xg+ thzxjb`bg vhzshjxv mhgohzmlgabg

thglgcabvbg ahshnb`vhzbbg thgfxfxa'





Czbela ?' Thzjbgflgcbg Aigsxmsl Mbabgbg fbg Gig-Mbabgbg Abjxtbvhg Mhkbl

?'2': Thgchkxbzbg Aigsxmsl Khmjbcb _bsvb Glzkbjb

Nhgls thgchkxbzbg xgvxa aigsxmsl Khmjbcb _bsvb Glzkbjb (Khmjbcb Gig Tzielv,

mbsl` shflalv |blvx `bg|b shjhsbz 4+:3 thzshg fbzl vivbk TFZJ fl Abjxtbvhg Mhkbl'

Jhzfbsbzabg thgcxmtxkbg fbvb+ flthzikh` lgeizmbsl jb`b fl abjxtbvhg lgl mbsl` sbgcbv

sxklv xgvxa mhgchmjbgcabg ahclbvbg nhgls khmjbcb vhzshjxv' Axzbgcg|b tbzvlstbsl fbzl

mbs|bzbabvg|b shgflzl mbxtxg fbzl thmhzlgvb` mhgnbfl ahvhzkbmjbvbg khmjbcb xgvxa

mhgchmjbgcabg bavlulvbsg|b'

?'2'? Thgchkxbzbg Aigsxmsl Thmhzlgvb`

Jlkb tzifxa fimhsvla jzxvi mhglgcabv mbab babg jhzfbmtba ahtbfb thglgcabvbg

ahclbvbg haigiml xvbmbg|b shaviz zllk fbg fxglb xsb`b tbfb xmxmg|b' Thglgcabvbg

ahclbvbg haigiml babg mhmjbb thgcbzx` thglgcabvbg thghzlmbbg thmhzlgvb` mhkbkxl

thztbnbabg+ abzhgb jhzcblzb`g|b thzhaigimlbg sh`lgccb bavlulvbs fxglb xsb`b mhglgcabv

fbg tbfb ba`lzg|b ahxgvxgcbg thzxsb`bbg mhglgcabv txkb' Thglgcabvbg bavlulvbs fbg

ahxgvxgcbg thzxsb`bbg lgl vhgvxg|b babg mhglgcabvabg thztbnbabg jbla fbzl tbnba

thgc`bslkbg+ tbnba thzvbmjb`bg glkbl mbxtxg oxabl' Nlab thghzlmbbg thmhzlgvb` mhglgcabv

4'44

24'44

:4'44

?4'44

64'44

84'44

54'44

34'44

:445 :443 :440 :44< :424

55'23 56'<4

85'?6 85'?686'84

??'0? ?8'24

6?'55 6?'5568'84

Mbabgbg

Gig-Mbabgbg





mbab babg mhmjbb aigshaxhgsl thglgcabvbg thgchkxbzbg thmhzlgvb`' Thglgcabvbg

thgchkxbzbg thmhzlgvb` nxcb flfbsbzl bkbsbg jb`b fhgcbg thglgcabvbg thzvxmjx`bg

haigiml+ mbab mhgxgvxv thglgcabvbg thg|hflbbg txjklo ciif (jbzbgc txjkla, ikh`

thmhzlgvb`' Fhmlalbg nxcb thkb|bgbg |bgc vhgvxg|b mhglgcabvabg ahjxvx`bg shobzb

ahkhmjbcbbg shthzvl ahjxvx`bg nxmkb` thcbbl fbg cbnl thcbbl+ sbzbgb fbg tzbsbzbgb

thkb|bgbg+ jhkbgnb jbzbgc fbg thmhkl`bzbbg fbg shjbcblg|b' Fhgcbg fhmlalbg xgvxa absxs

Lgfighslb Sbcghz“s Kb jhzkbax+ flmbgb thglgcabvbg tzifxa fimhsvla jzxvi babg

mhgcbaljbvabg thglgcabvbg thgchkxbzbg thmhzlgvb`'

Mhgxzxv Mbxzlv~ @'M' _ljbzbgl fbkbm thghklvlbgg|b jhznxfxk ‛Aigvzljxsl

Lgezbsvzxavxz vhz`bfbt Thzvxmjx`bg Haigiml Lgfxsvzl (:5 Tzitlgsl fl Lgfighslb Vb`xg 2<0?-

2<<3,” mhg|bvbabg jb`b lgezbsvzxavxz (nbkbg+ klsvzla fbg vhkhtig, mhmjhzlabg thgcbzx`

|bgc slcglelabg fbg tislvle vhz`bfbt bczhcbv ixvtxv |bgc flbalkl ikh` ubzlbjhk thgfbtbvbg

thzabtlvb' _hmhgvbzb mhgxzxv Mxgghk (2<<:, thgchkxbzbg txjkla (lgezbsvzxavxz,

mhmtxg|bl thgcbzx` vlmjbk jbkla fhgcbg thzvxmjx`bg haigiml' @bk |bgc shzxtb nxcb

flvxgnxaabg ikh` nhgls thgchkxbzbg xgvxa aigsxmsl jbzbgc mifbk+ vhzablv fhgcbg

flmxkblg|b Tziczbm Gbsligbk Thmjhzfb|bbg Mbs|bzbabv Mbgflzl (TGTM-Mbgflzl, shnba

vb`xg :44<+ flmbgb lgezbsvzxavxz mxkbl flthzaxbv `lgccb khuhk fhsb' Jhkbgnb jbzbgc

flvbmjb` fhgcbg jhkbgnb thcbbl shjbcbl aimtighg jhkbgnb vhzjhsbz mhgcbaljbvabg nhgls

thgchkxbzbg aigsxmsl thmhzlgvb` |bgc tbfb vb`xg :44< `bg|b shjhsbz Zt' 28<+? mlklbz

mhgnbfl shjhsbz Zt' 234+: mlklbz tbfb vb`xg :424'

?'2'6 Thmjhgvxabg Mifbk Vhvbt Jzxvi

Tbfb shaviz Thmjhvxabg Mifbk Vhvbt Jzxvi (TMVJ, flmbgb tbfb vb`xg :424 jbla

thzvxmjx`bg mbxtxg tzitizslg|b mhgxzxg' Fbmtba fbzl azlsls haigiml ckijbk lglkb` |bgc

tbklgc gbmtba tbfb thzhaigimlbg Abjxtbvhg Mhkbl'

Lguhsvbsl mhmhcbgc thzbgbg thgvlgc fbkbm thmjbgcxgbg+ sh`lgccb shzlgc flshjxv

shjbcbl hgclgh ie cziv`' Mifhk-mifhk haigiml akbsla fbg ghiakbsla mhgcbgfbkabg




TFZJ Mhgxzxv Thgccxgbbg Abjxtbvhg Mhkbl 2<

lguhsvbsl fbkbm mhglgcabvabg thzvxmjx`bg haigiml+ abzhgb fhgcbg lguhsvbsl |bgc vlgccl

baxmxkbsl abtlvbk fbtbv vhzobtbl |bgc jhzfbmtba tbfb thg|hzbtbg vhgbcb ahznb |bgc tbfb

ba`lzg|b fbtbv mhglgcabvabg txkb ixvtxv gbsligbk mbxtxg zhcligbk' Tbfb lkb|b` |bgc

mhgcbgfbkabg shaviz tzlmhz shthzvl thzvbglbg bvbx thzvbmjbgcbg fbg thgccbklbg shthzvl fl

Abjxtbvhg Mhkbl+ ahthmlklabg vbgb` sh`bzxsg|b mhmlklal aigshgvzbsl a`xsxs abzhgb

thgcxbsbbg |bgc jhzkhjl`bg fbtbv mhg|hjbjabg thvbgl vlfba mhmlklal vbgb` shjbcbl bshv

shgflzl fbg `bg|b mhgnbfl thvbgl thgccbzbt' @bk lgl jhzfbmtba tbfb vlgcabv ahshnb`vhzbbg

thvbgl vhzxvbmb fbkbm `bk mhglgcabvabg axbklvbs thgflflabg bgccivb ahkxbzcbg|b sh`lgccb

lguhsvbsl ah shaviz thgflflabg mhgnbfl jhzaxzbgc' Mbab axbklvbs sxmjhz fb|b mbgxslbg|b

mhgnbfl zhgfb`'

?'2'8 Hastiz ‟ Lmtiz Jbzbgc fbg Nbsb

Glkbl hastiz ghvi jbzbgc fbg nbsb Abjxtbvhg Mhkbl shkbmb thzlifh :445-:424 vhzxs

mhgcbkbml thglgcabvbg+ flmbgb shklsl` glkbl hastiz ghvi tbfb vb`xg :44< vhzobvbv shjhsbz

Zt' ?<+6 mlklbz fbg mhglgcabv tbfb vb`xg :424 mhgnbfl Zt 64+8 mlklbz' Glkbl hastiz ghvi

|bgc shkbkx tislvle lgl jhzbzvl nxmkb` jbzbgc fbg nbsb |bgc flhastiz khjl` jhsbz fbzl jbzbgc

fbg nbsb |bgc fllmtiz ah Abjxtbvhg Mhkbl' @bk lgl mhgclgflabslabg jb`b TFZJ

Abjxtbvhg Mhkbl jhzvxmtx tbfb ahaxbvbg haigiml fimhsvla'

?':' Lgflabviz Vxzxgbg TFZJ Mhgxzxv Thgccxgbbg

?':'2 Lgozhmhgvbk Obtlvbk Ixvtxv Zbvli (LOIZ,

_bkb` sbvx bgbklsls haigiml |bgc shzlgc flablvabg fhgcbg TFZJ mhgxzxv thgccxgbbg

bfbkb` Lgozhmhgvbk Obtlvbk Ixvtxv Zbvli (LOIZ,' LOIZ mhzxtbabg jhsbzbg |bgc

mhgxgnxaabg jhsbzg|b vbmjb`bg abtlvbk |bgc fljxvxàbg xgvxa mhgblaabg sbvx xglv

ixvtxv+ |bgc lfhgvla fhgcbg xaxzbg tzifxavlulvbs' Flsbmtlgc xgvxa mhkl`bv tzifxavlulvbs

abtlvbk+ LOIZ nxcb fbtbv flcxgbabg xgvxa mhgxgnxaabg helslhgsl sxbvx thzhaigimlbg fbkbm

thgccxgbbg jhzjbcbl jbzbgc mifbk' _hobzb mbvhmbvls LOIZ flg|bvbabg shjbcbl zbsli bgvbzb

thgbmjb`bg lguhsvbsl vhz`bfbt thgbmjb`bg ixvtxv+ bvbx flgivbslabg shjbcbl>




TFZJ Mhgxzxv Thgccxgbbg Abjxtbvhg Mhkbl :4

Flmbgb+ = thgbmjb`bg abtbslvbs (lguhsvbsl,+ fbg

= thgbmjb`bg ixvtxv

Fbkbm tzbavha+ fbvb |bgc flthzikh` jxabg thgbmjb`bg jbzbgc mifbk jbzx bvbx

thgbmjb`bg abtbslvbs vhztbsbgc+ babg vhvbtl jhsbzg|b lguhsvbsl (L, |bgc flvbgbmabg ikh`

thmhzlgvb` mbxtxg sbsvb+ sh`lgccb = L' Fhgcbg fhmlalbg zxmxs flbvbs fbtbv

flmiflelabsl mhgnbfl>

Jhzfbsbzabg eizmxkb flbvbs+ flthzikh` jhsbzbg LOIZ Abjxtbvhg Mhkbl vb`xg :448-

:424 shjhsbz 2+?:' @bk lgl jhzbzvl xgvxa mhgblaabg sbvx xglv ixvtxv fljxvxàbg vbmjb`bg

abtlvbk (lguhsvbsl, shjhsbz 2+?: xglv' Glkbl LOIZ vhzshjxv zhkbvle aholk sh`lgccb

mhgclgflabslabg jb`b lguhsvbsl |bgc flvbgbmabg fl Abjxtbvhg Mhkbl shnba vb`xg :448-

:424 fbtbv flabvbabg axzbgc heelslhg abzhgb mhgxzxv _xshgi Vzl|bgvi (2<<4,+ aihelslhg LOIZ

|bgc flbgccbt mhmlklal tzifxavlulvbs lguhsvbsl |bgc jbla jhzalsbz bgvbzb ? `lgccb 6'

Ahmxgcalgbg aigflsl lgl flbaljbvabg abzhgb lguhsvbsl fl Abjxtbvhg Mhkbl sbbv lgl+

xmxmg|b khjl` fltlox ikh` lguhsvbsl thmhzlgvb`+ shfbgcabg lguhsvbsl sbsvb mbsl` sbgcbv

aholk'

?'?': Buhzbch Tzithgslv| vi Oigsxmh (BTO, fbg Buhzbch Tzithgslv| vi _bulgc (BT_,

Fxb lgflabviz jhzlaxv lgl mhzxtbabg lgflabviz |bgc mhgxgnxaabg tikb thgchkxbzbg

mbs|bzbabv vhz`bfbt thgfbtbvbg |bgc flvhzlmbg|b btbab` khjl` jbg|ba flcxgbabg xgvxa

aigsxmsl bvbx vbjxgcbg' Ahfxb lgflabviz vhzshjxv mhmtxg|bl `xjxgcbg aimtkhmhgvhz

bzvlg|b+ nlab BTO vxzxg mbab BT_ mhglgcabv+ bvbx shjbklag|b BTO mhglgcabv mbab BT_ babg

vxzxg' Bfbtxg thzsbmbbg fbsbz |bgc flcxgbabg bfbkb` > \f = O ! _





= Mhgxgnxaabg tizsl vivbk lgoimh |bgc flbkiabslabg xgvxa thgchkxbzbg aigsxmsl

( Buhzbch Tzithgslv| vi Oigsxmh ) BTO,

= Mhgxgnxaabg tizsl vivbk lgoimh |bgc flbkiabslabg xgvxa thgchkxbzbg vbjxgcbg)sbulgc

( Buhzbch Tzithgslv| vi _bulgc ) BT_,

Fbzl `bslk thgc`lvxgcbg fl bvbs BTO Abjxtbvhg Mhkbl mhgcbkbml chzbabg |bgc

ekxavxbvle+ flmbgb glkblg|b ohgfhzxgc mhgxzxg fbzl vb`xg :445 fhgcbg aihelslhg shjhsbz

4+53 mhgnbfl 4+52 tbfb vb`xg :443 gbmxg ahmxflbg gbla kbcl `lgccb aihelslhg 4+50 tbfb

vb`xg :424' Ahgfbvl fhmlalbg shobzb ahshkxzx`bg tizsl vivbk lgoimh |bgc flcxgbabg xgvxa

aigsxmsl mbsl` khjl` jhsbz fljbgflgcabg tizsl vivbk lgoimh |bgc flcxgbabg xgvxa vbjxgcbg

(BTO 7 BT_,' Ehgimhgb lgl mhgccbmjbzabg jb`b mbs|bzbabv fl Abjxtbvhg Mhkbl shobzb

xmxm tbfb thzlifh :448 sbmtbl fhgcbg :424 tikb `lfxtg|b mbsl` jhzjbsls aigsxmvle'

Czbela 6' BTO fbg BT_ Abjxtbvhg Mhkbl Vb`xg :445-:424

4'5?4

4'540

4'588

4'535

4'50:

4'?34

4'?<:

4'?68

4'?:6

4'?20

4'444 4'244 4':44 4'?44 4'644 4'844 4'544 4'344 4'044

:445

:443

:440

:44<

:424

BT_

BTO




TFZJ Mhgxzxv Thgccxgbbg Abjxtbvhg Mhkbl ::

Tbfb thgchkxbzbg aigsxmsl zxmb` vbgccb vhzfbtbv aigsxmsl mlglmxm jbcl zxmb`

vbgccb vhzshjxv+ |blvx jhsbzg|b thgchkxbzbg aigsxmsl |bgc `bzxs flkbaxabg+ bkbxtxg vlfba

bfb thgfbtbvbg' Thgchkxbzbg aigsxmsl zxmb` vbgccb lgl flshjxv thgchkxbzbg aigsxmsl

ivigim (ixvigimixs oigsxmvlig,' Ahtxvxsbg zxmb` vbgccb mhmthgcbzx`l ahshkxzx`bg

thzlkbax thzhaigimlbg jbla fbkbm nbgcab tbgnbgc mbxtxg nbgcab thgfha' Ahtxvxsbg

aigsxmsl sbgcbv thgvlgc xgvxa bgbklsls nbgcab tbgnbgc abzhgb thzbgbgg|b fbkbm

thzvxmjx`bg haigiml'

Mifhk thzvxmjx`bg _iki mhgxgnxaabg jb`b vlgcabv vbjxgcbg bfbkb`

fhvhzmlgbg thgvlgc fbzl thzshflbbg mifbk fbkbm aigflsl-mbtbg fbg vlgcabv ahshnb`vhzbbg

haigiml' Vlgcabv vbjxgcbg mhgcxaxz shjhzbtb jhsbz fbzl thgfbtbvbg chghzbsl shabzbgc

flslslàbg xgvxa chghzbslg|b shgflzl fbg chghzbsl mhgfbvbgc' Ahtxvxsbg aigsxmsl sbgcbv

thgvlgc xgvxa bgbklsls nbgcab thgfha abzhgb thzbgbgg|b fbkbm mhghgvxabg thzmlgvbbg

bczhcbv' Aigsxmsl mbs|bzbabv flthgcbzx`l ikh` jbg|ba ebaviz+ |blvx> thgfbtbvbg gbsligbk+

lgekbsl+ sxax jxgcb fhtislvi fbg nxmkb` xbgc jhzhfbz' _hthzvl |bgc alvb ahvb`xl jb`b

thgfbtbvbg+ aigsxmsl fbg vbjxgcbg mhmlklal `xjxgcbg |bgc hzbv' Vbjxgcbg mhzxtbabg

thgfbtbvbg shshizbgc |bgc vlfba fljhkbgnbabg' Vbjxgcbg sbgcbv flthgcbzx`l ikh` sxax

jxgcb' Vlgcabv jxgcb fbtbv fltbgfbgc shjbcbl thgfbtbvbg |bgc flthzikh` fbzl mhkbaxabg

vbjxgcbg' Izbgc babg mhmjxbv khjl` jbg|ba vbjxgcbg btbjlkb vlgcabv jxgcb vlgccl abzhgb

khjl` jbg|ba jxgcb |bgc babg flthzikh`' Tbfb vlgcabv jxgcb |bgc zhgfb` izbgc vlfba jhclvx

sxab mhmjxbv vbjxgcbg fl jbga abzhgb mhzhab mhzbsb khjl` jbla mhkbaxabg thmjhkbgnbbg

aigsxmsl fbzl tbfb mhgbjxgc fbg shjbklag|b btbjlkb sxax jxgcb vlgccl izbgc babg shgbgc

mhgbjxgc) mhg|lmtbg xbgc fl jbga fhgcbg aimthgsbsl vlgcabv jxgcb'





AH_LMTXKBG FBG _BZBG

TFZJ Mhgxzxv Thgccxgbbg Abjxtbvhg Mhkbl :?

JBJ LU


6'2 AH_LMTXKBG

Jhzfbsbzabg tbtbzbg fbzl jbj-jbj shjhkxmg|b fhgcbg mhgccxgbag TFZJ Mhgxzxv

Thgccxgbbg shobzb kbgcsxgc fbtbv flvxgnxaabg ahvhzablvbg bgvbzb glkbl vbmjb` |bgc fl`bslkabg

jhzjbcbl shaviz haigiml fhgcbg thgfbtbvbg |bgc flvhzlmb+ shzvb jbcblmbgb jhzjbcbl lgsvlvxsl

(zxmb` vbgccb+ sbsvb fbg thmhzlgvb`, mhgccxgbabg thgfbtbvbgg|b xgvxa mhmjlb|bl

thgchkxbzbgg|b+ shzvb jbcblmbgb thgcbzx` kxbz ghchzl vhz`bfbt thgfbtbvbg mbs|bzbabv fl

lkb|b` vhzshjxv' Jhzfbsbzabg bgbklsb vhzshjxv flahvb`xl cbmjbzbg thzhaigimlbg fl

Abjxtbvhg Mhkbl vb`xg :445-:424 shjbcbl jhzlaxv>

2' _hobzb xmxm thzvxmjx`bg haigiml Abjxtbvhg Mhkbl mhgcbkbml vzhg tislvle' Tbfb

vb`xg :424 lgl thzvxmjx`bg haigiml mhglgcabv 2+46 thzshg fljbgflgcabg vb`xg

shjhkxmg|b' @bk lgl mhzxtbabg fbmtbba aigflsl haigiml gbsligbk fbg gvhzgbsligbk |bgc

mxkbl svbjlk'

:' Aigsxmsl zxmb` vbgccb mbsl` mhg|xmjbgc aigvzljxsl |bgc jhsbz |blvx shjhsbz 50+:4

thzshg fbzl vivbk TFZJ' Aigsxmsl zxmb` vbgccb vhzflzl fbzl aigsxmsl mbabgbg fbg

aigsxmsl gig mbabgbg' Thzshgvbsh aigsxmsl mbabgbg vhzxs mhgxzxg fbzl vb`xg ah

vb`xg+ thzxjb`bg vhzshjxv mhgohzmlgabg thglgcabvbg ahshnb`vhzbbg thgfxfxa'

_hfbgcabg thgchkxbzbg xgvxa aigsxmsl Khmjbcb _bsvb Glzkbjb mhmjhzlabg thzbg

vhzaholk fbkbm sxmjbgcbgg|b vhz`bfbt thmjbgcxgbg haigiml fhgcbg tzitizsl shjhsbz

4+:3 thzshg'

?' LOIZ mhzxtbabg jhsbzbg |bgc mhgxgnxaabg jhsbzg|b vbmjb`bg abtlvbk |bgc fljxvxàbg

xgvxa mhgblaabg sbvx xglv ixvtxv+ |bgc lfhgvla fhgcbg xaxzbg tzifxavlulvbs' aihelslhg

LOIZ |bgc flbgccbt mhmlklal tzifxavlulvbs lguhsvbsl |bgc jbla jhzalsbz bgvbzb ? `lgccb 6'

Aihelslhg LOIZ mhgxgnxaabg jb`b shkbmb vb`xg :445-:424 lguhsvbsl |bgc flvbgbmabg fl

abjxtbvhg Mhkbl tbfb xmxmg|b mbsl` axzbgc heelslhg+ vhzjxavl shobzb hmtlzls aihelslhg

|bgc flthzikh` |blvx 2+?:'





6' Tzitizsl thgfbtbvbg |bgc flcxgbabg xgvxa aigsxmsl vhzg|bvb khjl` jhsbz fljbgflgcabg

fhgcbg tzitizsl thgfbtbvbg |bgc flcxgbabg xgvxa vbjxgcbg (BTO7BT_,' @bk lgl fbtbv

flbzvlabg jb`b shobzb xmxm mbs|bzbabv mbsl` ohgfhzxgc aigsxmvle fbkbm

mhgc`bjlsabg thgfbtbvbgg|b'

6': _BZBG

Vxnxbg ba`lz fbzl thgc`lvxgcbg TFZJ Mhgxzxv Thgccxgbbg bfbkb` xgvxa mhgchvb`xl

jhsbzg|b thgfbtbvbg mbs|bzbabv fbg thgccxgbbg|b' Thgfbtbvbg |bgc flvhzlmb lglkb` |bgc

babg mhgnbfl xaxzbg ahmbamxzbg sxbvx lkb|b` shzvb axbklvbs thmjbgcxgbgg|b' Fbkbm

ahg|bvbbgg|b+ thgfbtbvbg vhzshjxv jhkxm shkxzx`g|b fbtbv flglambvl bvbx flcxgbabg' Ikh`

mbs|bzbabv fl lkb|b` vhzshjxv baljbvg|b axzbgc itvlmbk bvbx helslhgg|b vzbgsbasl haigiml|bgc vhznbfl' Xgvxa lvx thgvlgc alzbg|b xgvxa mhmjxbv sbsbzbg haigiml fhml thzohtbvbg

thzvxmjx`bg haigiml |bgc mhzbvb fbg bflk shthzvl>

2' Mhgclgcbv thgvlgcg|b lguhsvbsl xgvxa thzvxmjx`bg haigiml thmhzlgvb` fl`bzbtabg

vhzxs mhkbaxabg thzjblabg vhz`bfbt ebaviz |bgc mhgc`bmjbv lguhsvbsl (fh-jivvkhghoalgc,

bcbz thkxbgc |bgc sbgcbv jhsbz fbzl aigflsl thzhaigimlbg |bgc oxaxt aigfxsle sbbv lgl

mbmtx mhzbl` bklzbg mifbk mbsxa xgvxa fllguhsvbslabg fl shaviz zllk fl abjxtbvhg Mhkbl'

:' Mhkbaxabg sbeh cxbzf fhgcbg mhglgcabvabg lgezbsvzxavxz+ klsvzla fbg vzbgstizvbsl sh`lgccb

fbtbv mhglgcabvabg lguhsvbsl |bgc tbfb clklzbgg|b fbtbv mhmjbb fbmtba tislvle

vhz`bfbt thglgcabvbg tzifxa fimhsvla jzxvi'

?' Mhmeiaxsabg tzifxa-tzifxa xgccxkbg Abjxtbvhg Mhkbl cxgb mhglgcabvabg hastiz'

6' Mhgccbgvl hastiz aimiflvbs)jb`bg mhgvb` fhgcbg hastiz tzifxa |bgc vhkb` flikb`+

sh`lgccb mhglgcabvabg glkbl vbmjb` jbcl thzhaigimlbg Abjxtbvhg Mhkbl'

8' Mhmthzahvbv thgcbbsbg mhkbkxl jbfbg aigvzik bvbx thgchkikb a`xsxs ahclbvbg shaviz

tzifxasl tzlmhz bcbz vlfba flfimlgbsl obmtxz vbgcbg bslgc' Mlsbkg|b fhgcbg mhmjhgvxa

JXMG a`xsxs bvbx Jbfbg Thgchkikb Tzifxa Vbmjbgc shthzvl |bgc sxfb` fljhgvxa |blvx

Jbfbg Thgchkikb Mlg|ba fbg Cbs+ bcbz jlsb flmbgebbvabg ahab|bbg bkbmg|b shobzb





mbaslmbk fbg mhgc`lgfbzl thgccxgbbg _FB |bgc vlfba jhzvbgccxgc nbbj bvbxtxg vbgtb

l~lg'





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TFZJ Mhgxzxv Thgccxgbbg Abjxtbvhg Mhkbsl :5



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TFZJ Mhgxzxv Thgccxgbbg Abjxtbvhg Mhkbsl :<



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TFZJ Mhgxzxv Thgccxgbbg Abjxtbvhg Mhkbsl ?4



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TFZJ Mhgxzxv Thgccxgbbg Abjxtbvhg Mhkbsl ?:



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TFZJ Mhgxzxv Thgccxgbbg Abjxtbvhg Mhkbsl ??



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PDRB Penggunaan BPS 2006-2010