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Menca OgneovaTÜV NORD Sweden AB

EN 13445Unfired pressurevessels

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EN 13445 Unfired pressure vesselsPart 1: General


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EN 13445 applies to unfired pressure vessels subject to internal

pressure greater than 0,5 bar(g), but may be used for vessels operatinga lower pressures, including vacuum.

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EN 13445 is not applicable to:

Vessels of riveted construction

Vessels of laminar cast iron or other material not included in Part 2or Part 6Multilayered, autofrettaged or pre-stressed vesselsPipelines and industrial pipingOther Europian standards apply for water tube and shell boilers


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EN 13445 may be applied to:Transportable pressure equipmentItems specially designed for nuclear usePressure vessels with a risk of overheating

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EN 13445 Unfired pressure vesselsPart 1: Annex X, List of Essential Safety Requirements

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EN 13445 Unfired pressure vesselsPart 2: Material

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Only materials which are qualified for pressure equipment may beused. There are three different ways for qualifying:

1. Materials from Europian harmonized standards, see table E2.1e.g. EN 10028 (plate), EN 10222 (forging), EN 10216 (seamlesspipe), EN 10217 (welded pipe), EN 10269 (fasteners)

2. European Approval for Materials

3. Particular Material Appraisal

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Requirements for the material according to Annex I PED 97/23/EC:Minimum elongation after fracture≥ 14% transverse or critical direction ≥ 16% longitudinal or less critical direction

Specified minimum impact energy (Charpy-V), at a test temperaturein accordance with Annex B but not higher than 20°C:

≥ 27 J ferritic steels, steels with 1.5 - 5.0 % Ni≥ 40 J other (35 J for some austentic steels)

Maximum carbon, phosphorus und sulfur contents for steels (e.g. forferritic steel (not stainless) – max. values for cast analysis :Cmax=0.23%, Pmax=0.035%, Smax=0.025%)

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EN 13445 Unfired pressure vesselsPart 3: Design

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If a fatigue analysis is required it can be performed according toclause 17 (simplified fatigue analysis, rules only for cyclic pressure,conservative) or clause 18 (detailed fatigue analysis, normally byusage of FEM). NDT requirements according to Annex G of EN13445-5 shall be used

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Determination of the required thickness by DBF

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Clause 7: DBF for shells under internal pressure - iterativeor direct calculation of the required wall thicknesses

Cylindrical and spherical shells

Dished ends Cones and conical ends Nozzles in the knuckle region

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Clause 8: DBF for shells under external pressure -iterative or direct calculation of the required wallthicknesses and stiffeners

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Clause 9: Openings in shells

Clause 10: Flat ends

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Clause 11: FlangesFlanges that conform to an EN standard for pipework flanges(e.g.EN 1092-1) with pressure-temperature ratings may be used as

pressure vessel components without any calculation underparticular conditions.

Flange calculation in clause 11 is based on Taylor-Forge methodAlternative rules for narrow face gasket flange design in Annex G

are most appropriate when: a) thermal cycling is important, b) boltstress is controlled by use of a tightening procedure, c) there are

significant additional loadings (forces or moments) or d) leaktightness is of special importance.

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Clause 12: Bolted domed ends (Alternative Rules according to AnnexG)

Clause 13: Heat exchanger tubesheets (Alternative Rules accordingto Annex J)

Clause 14: Expansion bellows

Clause 15: Pressure vessels of rectangular section

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Clause 16: Additional non-pressure loadsLocal loads on nozzles in spherical or cylindrical shellsLine loadsLifting lugs Horizontal vessels on saddle supports, or on ring supports Vertical vessels on bracket supports, with supporting legs, withskirts, with ring supportGlobal loads

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Clause 17: Simplified assessment of fatigue life

Clause 18: Detailed assessment of fatigue life

Clause 19: Creep Design and Annex S

Clause 20: Design rules for reinforced flat walls

Clause 21: Circular flat ends with radial reinforcement ribs

Clause 22: Static analysis of tall vertical vessels on skirts

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Annex B (normative) DBA – direct route As a complement and as an alternative to DBF Flexibility due to the partial safety factor concept (for actions andforresistances)Avoids uncertainties in stress categorisation due to directaddressing of the relevant failure modes (e.g. via elastic-plasticFEA) Failure modes considered are: a)Gross plastic deformation,

b)Progressive deformation, c)Fatigue, d)Instability, e)Staticequilibrium.New, innovative method for DBA, some principals might beadapted by other codes (e.g. ASME VIII Div.2)

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Annex C (normative) DBA – method based on stress categoriesAnnex D (inf.): Verification of the shape of vessels subject to externalpressure

Annex E (norm.): Procedure for calculating the departure from thetrue circle of cylinders and cones

Annex F (norm.): Allowable external pressure for vessels outsidecircularity tolerance

Annex G (norm.): Alternative rules for flanges and gasketed flangeconnections

Annex H (inf.): Gasket factors m and yAnnex I (inf.): Additional information on heat exchanger tubesheetdesign

Annex J (norm.): Alternative methods for the design of heatexchanger tubesheets

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Annex K (inf.): Additional information on expansion bellows designAnnex L (inf.): Basis for design rules related to non-pressure loadsAnnex M (inf.): Measures to be adopted in serviceAnnex N (inf.): Bibliography to clause 18Annex O (inf.): Physical properties of steelAnnex P (norm.): Classification of weld details to be assessed using

principal stressesAnnex Q (norm.): Simplifies procedure for fatigue assessment of

unwelded zones

Annex R (inf.): Coefficients for creep-rupture model equations forextrapolation of creep – rupture strengthAnnex S (inf.): Extrapolation of the nominal design stress based on

time- independent behavior in the creep range

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Annex T (norm.): Design by experimental methods / burst test

Experimental methods without any calculation :Shall only apply to vessels where the product Ps*V

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Annex ZA (inf.): Clauses of this European Standard addressingessential requirements or other provisions of the EU directives

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EN 13445 Unfired pressure vesselsPart 4: Manufacturing

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4.2 Material tracebility

4.2.1 GeneralThe vessel manufacturer shall have an identification system for

materials used in manufacturing so that they afetr completed workcan be traced to its origin.

4.2.2 Identification system shall ensure that all material have beensubjected and passed the following:

Imperfactions, required thickness, Europian standard, weldingconsumbeles, material tracebility to the original identification

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4.2 Material tracebility

4.2.3 Visibility

4.2.4 Review of material certification and material identification

4.2.5 Transfer of markings

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EN 13445 Unfired pressure vesselsPart 5: Inspection and testing

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5.3 Design review

Design review shall allways be performed and the acceptence shall be documented.

It shall consist of, but not be limited to:

MaterialWeldingAcess to perform required levels of inspections and testInspection openings according to Annex C of this standardSafety accessories (safety valves, pressure / temperature / fluid level –switches…)The adequacy of proposed pressure retaining boundary (thickness, vessel

geometry, weld goint geometry…) for design conditions against those required by

the design requirements of this standard EN 13445-3Design calculations and stress analysis methodManufacturing and test procedures

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6 Inspection and testing during manufacturing

6.2 Manufacturing procedures and constructions drawings

6.3 Material tracebility, see EN 13445-4

6.5 Welding, see EN 13445-4

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3 fi d l

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Type of weldsFigure 6.6.2-3

EN 13445 U fi d l

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EN 13445 U fi d l

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EN 13445 U fi d l

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EN 13445 U fi d l

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EN 13445 U fi d l

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10.2.3.3 Standard hydrostatic test for testing group 1,2 and 3

The test pressure shall be greater of:

or

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10.2.3.3 Standard hydrostatic test for testing group 4or


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10.2.3.4 Pneumatic testAttention is drawn to national regulations, with respect to the hazard involved inproof testing using a compressible medium

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Documents

PEDDay2_2_SS-EN 13445