PETA MINDA SAINS TEMA MENYIASAT DAYA DAN TENAGA

7/30/2019 PETA MINDA SAINS TEMA MENYIASAT DAYA DAN TENAGA

1/30

Year 4


2/30

1.7 Standard units

Unit seragam

1.5 Mass

Berat

1.6 Time

Masa

1.2 Area

Luas

1.3 VolumeIsipadu

1.3 Solid

Pepejal

1.4 LiquidCecair

1.1 Understanding the measurement of lengthMemahami ukuran panjang

MeasurementUkuran

1.1 Length

Panjang


3/30

LengthPanjang

TerminologyIstilah

-The distance betweentwo points/ place /positionJarak di antara dua

titik/tempat/kedudukan

Ways to measureCara menyukat

Measuringtape

Pitapengukur

CubitHasta

Armspan

Depa

String

Tali

RulerPembaris

Standard ToolsAlat seragam

MeasuringtapePita

pengukur

RulerPembaris

UnitUnit

mmmm

cmsm

mm

kmkm

Correct techniqueTeknik yang betul

-The eye must bedirectly abovethe end of objectMata mesti tepat pada

bahagian bawahhujung benda

1.1 Understanding the measurement of lengthMemahami ukuran panjang


4/30

1.2 AreaLuas

-Area is the amount ofspace taken up by thesurface of an object.

Luas ialah jumlah ruangyangdipenuhi pada permukaan

sesuatu objek

TerminologyIstilah

-Using square card with asides of 1 centimetre

Menggunakan kad segi empat dengantepinya 1 sentimeter

Standard unit

Unit piawai

-Square millimetre (mm2)Milimeter persegi (mm)

-Square centimetre (cm2)Sentimeter persegi (sm)

-Square metre (m2)Meter persegi (m)

-Square kilometre (km2)

Kilometer persegi (km)

1cm

1cm

Different ways to measure areaBerbeza cara untuk menyukat luas

-Using formula

Guna rumus

Area = length X widthLuas = panjang X lebar

2c

4c

= 4cm X 2 cm= 8cm2

3cm

3cm

- by placing uniform objectssuch as tiles, books andstamps on the surface ofthe objectsdengan meletakkan objek

seperti jubin, buku dan setempada permukaan objek

1.2 Understanding how to calculate areaMemahami cara mengira luas


5/30

VolumeIsipadu

TerminologyIstilah

The amount of space that something takes upJumlah ruang yang dipenuhi oleh sesuatu

1.3 SolidPepejal

1.4 LiquidCecair

FormulaRumus

Length x width x heightPanjang x lebar x tinggi

Standard UnitsUnit seragam

ToolsAlat

Measuring cylinderSilinder penyukat

ml, lml, l


a) taking the reading at the lowest part of the meniscus.mengambil bacaan pada bahagian paling rendah padameniskus

b) eyes must be at the same level as the lowest part of themeniscusmata mesti sama pada aras paling rendah padameniskus

Standard UnitsUnit piawai

mm, cm, mmm, sm, m

1.2/1.3 Understanding how measure the volume of solid and liquidMemahami cara mengira isipadu pepejal dan cecair


6/30

MassBerat

TerminologyIstilah

-Amount of matter in an objectJumlah benda dalam objek

ToolsAlat

Electronic balance

Neraca elektronik

Beam balanceNeraca palang

Kitchen scalePenimbang dapur

Bathroom scalePenimbang berat

badan

Lever balanceNeraca tuas

Standard unitUnit piawai

Mgmg

gg

kgkg


1.5 Understanding how measure massMemahami cara menyukat berat


7/30

TimeMasa

TerminologyIstilah

-Duration between two eventTempoh antara dua ketika

Way to measureCara untuk mengukur

-Sundial , sand clock , candle clock-Jam bayang, jam pasir, jam lilin

Process that repeats uniformly can beused to measure timeProses yang berulang secara sekataboleh digunakan untuk menyukat masa

-swinging pendulumayunan bandul

-pulse rate candledenyutan nadi

-water dripping

titisan air-changing day and night

perubahan siang danmalam

ToolAlatan

Standard unitUnit piawai

- Second , minute , hourSaat, minit, jam

-Digital clock, watch, wrist watchJam digital, jam, jam tangan

Old clockJam lama

Events can be used measuring timeKejadian boleh digunakan untukmenyukat masa

1.6 Understanding how to measure time

Memahami cara mengukur masa


8/30

The Importance of Standard UnitsKepentingan unit yang piawai

-for accuracy and consistencyuntuk tepat dan konsisten

-easy to communicate and understandingmudah untuk memahami dan

berkomunikasi

1.7 Realising importance of using standard units

Menyedari kepentingan menggunakan unit yang piawai


9/30

MEASUREMENT SONG

When I want to measure the

length

Then I use my hand 3x


length

Then I use my hand

All are in my body parts

The arm span, cubit, foot and

span

Are the (parts that use 3x

All are in my body parts

Bila nak mengukur panjang

saya guna tangan 3x


saya guna tangan

Semuanya anggota badan

Depa, hasta,kaki dan jengkal

Anggota yang (digunakan 3x

Semua anggota badan


length

Then I use the tape 3x

When I want to measure thelength

Then I use the tape

All are the unit use

The milimetre, centimetre, metre,

and kilometre are (the unit use 3x

All are in standard unit


Saya guna pita 3x


Saya guna pita 3xInilah unitnya

Milimeter, sentimeter, meter,

dan kilometer

Unit yang (digunakan 3x

Semua unit piawai

When I want to measure the mass

Then I use the tools 3x

The milligram and gram and the

kilogram 3x

All are the unit use

The beam and lever balance,

kitchen and the bathroom scale 3x

All are to measure mass

Bila nak mengukur jisim

Saya guna alat 3x

Miligram dan gram dan

kilogram 3x

Inilah unitnya

The beam and lever balance,

kitchen and the bathroom scale

3x

Semua tuk mengukur berat


10/30

THE STORY OF TIME

CERITA TENTANG MASA

Galileo Galilei was the first person to use events that repeat uniformly to

measure time such as the pendulum clock. From then onwards, the wall clock and

modern clock were invented.

Galileo Galilei merupakan orang pertama menggunakan peristiwa yang

berulang secara seragam untuk mengukur masa seperti jam bandul. Daripada situ,

jam dinding dan jam moden telah dicipta.

Sand Clock Sundial Clock Candle Clock

Ancient Clocks

Wall clock Stop Watch Watch

Modern Clock

Unit 4/Lesson 1

Measuring Length/Mass


11/30


12/30

ENERGY

TENAGA

INVESTIGATING FORCE AND ENERGYMenyiasat Daya dan Tenaga

The Uses of EnergyKegunaan Tenaga

Why energyis needed?

Mengapa tenagadiperlukan

- by living things to carryout life processes.Ex : moving, breathing,

growing

- bergerak,bernafas- membesar

The Sources of EnergySumber-sumber Tenaga

-main source of energysumber utama tenaga- produces light and heatmenghasilkan cahaya danhaba

-food containsstored energy

-mengadungi tenagatersimpan

SunMatahari

- Moving airUdara bergerak

-Used to pumpwaterMengepam air,

- to move, boil, melt,or bounce non-living things

- menggerakkan ,didih,cair ataumelantun benda bukan hidup

-wood, coal,petroleum,natural gas

-Kayu,

petrol,gasasli

-moving orfalling waterproduceenergy

-Air yangbergerakMenghasilkantenaga

Food

makanan

WindAngin

FuellBahan

api

BatteriesBateri

Waterair

- Device that generatedelectrical energyfromchemical energy

-Alat yang menghasilkan

tenaga elektrikdaripada tenaga kimia

1.1 Understanding the uses of energyMenyedari kegunaan tenaga


13/30


14/30

Energy can be transformed from one form to anotherTenaga boleh berubah dari satu bentuk kepada bentuk lain.

Form of energyBentuk Tenaga

Sound energyTenaga bunyi

Heat energyTenaga Haba

Light energy

Tenaga CahayaElectrical energyTenaga Elektrik

Kinetic energyTenaga Kinetik

Chemical energyTenaga Kimia

Potential energyTenaga Keupayaan

Energy can be transformedTenaga boleh diubahkan

a) lighting a candle/Nyalaan lilinChemical energy heat energy + light energyTenaga kimia Tenaga haba + Tenaga Cahaya

b) Kicking a ball / Menendang bolaChemical energy kinetic energy heat energyTenaga kimia Tenaga Kinetik Tenaga haba

Example of appliance that make use ofenergy transformation.

Contoh alatan yang menggunakanperubahan tenaga

a) Electric iron / Seterika elektrikElectrical energy heat energy

Tenaga elektrik Tenaga haba

b) RadioElectrical energy sound energyTenaga elektrik Tenaga bunyi

c) TelevisionElectrical energy sound energy + light energyTenaga elektrik Tenaga bunyi + tenaga cahaya

1.2 Understanding that energy can be transformed from one form to anotherMemahami bahawa tenaga boleh berubah dari satu bentuk ke bentuk yanglain


15/30

Renewable and Non-renewable EnergyTenaga yang boleh diperbaharui dan

Renewable energyTenaga yang boleh

di erbaharui

Energy thatcannot

be replacedTenaga yang

tidakboleh diganti

Resourcessolar, wind ,biomass

fuel,waterSumber- Matahari,angin,minyak,air,biomass

Non-renewable energyTenaga yang tidakboleh diperbaharui

Energy that bereplenished when it is

used upTenaga yang bolehdiganti

Resources -naturalgas,petroleum,coal

Sumber gas asli,petroleum, arang.

Use energy wiselyGunakan tenagadengan bijak

How to save energyBagaimana

menjimatkan tenaga

Some energyresources cannot bereplenishedwhen used up.Sesetengah sumbertenaga tidak bolehdiganti bila habis

To save costMenjimatkan kos

Avoid wastageMengelakkanpembaziran

Reduce pollutionMengurangkanpencemaran.

Turn off thetelevision when noone watching it.Tutup TV jika tidakmenonton.

Switch off thelights if

not in use.Tutup lampu jika

tidakmengunakannya.

1.3 Understanding renewable anad renewable energyMemahami tenaga yang boleh diperbaharui dan tidak boleh diperbaharui


16/30

SourcesSumber

Dry cellSel Kering

AccumulatorSel Basah

DynamoDinamo Solar cellTenaga Solar

2.1 Knowing the sources of electricityMengetahui sumber elektrik


17/30


18/30

PrecautionsLangkah keselamatan

Danger of mishandling electrical appliancesBahaya kecuaian mengendali peralatan elektrik

FireApi

BurnBakar

Electric shockKejutan elektrik

ElectrocutionRenjatan elektrik

Safety precautions to

be taken when usingappliancesLangkah-langkahkeselamatan ketikamengunakan peralatan

Do not touch electricalappliances with wet handJangan sentuh alatanelektrik dengan tangan

basah

Do not repair electricalappliances on your ownJangan baiki alatanelektrik jika tidak tahu.

2.3 Understanding the safety precautions to be taken when handling electriclappliances

Memahami langkah pencegahan yang perlu diambil semasa menggunakanperalatan elektrik


19/30

3.1 Understanding that light travels in a straight line

Memahami bahawa cahaya bergerak dalam satu garis lurus

LightCahaya

Travels in straight lineCahaya bergerak dalam satu garis lurus

search light from helicoptercaha a dari heliko ter encari

provebukti

the beam of light from motorcyclealur caha a dari motosikal

the beam of light from lighthousealur cahaya dari rumah api

the ray of Sun,passing through ahole in the roofalur cahaya Matahari melaluilubang atap rumah

How shadow is formedBagaimana bayang-bayang

terbentuk

When light is completely orpartially blocked by an

opaque objectBila cahaya disekat

sepenuhnya atau separuholeh objek legap

Shadow formObjek terbentuk

Opaque object

Objek legap

LightCahaya


20/30


21/30

Light

Cahaya

Can be reflectedBoleh dipantulkan

How ?Bagaimana?

Uses of reflectionKegunaan pantulan

Side mirror of a carCermin sisi kereta

PeriscopeKaleidoscope

The light that falls onobjects bounces off theobjects and comes to youreyesCahaya yang jatuh ke atasobjek melantunkannya kedalam mata

mirror/ cermin

3.2 Understanding that light can be reflectedMemahami cahaya boleh dipantulkan


22/30

Heathaba

GainDitambah

LossHilang

CoolerSejuk

Warmerpanas

How to measure temperatureusing the correct techniqueBagaimana untuk mengukur

suhu menggunakan cara yangbetul

The effects of heat on matterKesan haba ke atas bahan

Matter expandswhen heatedBahan

mengembang biladipanaskan

Matter contractwhen cooledBahan mengecut

bila sejuk

4.1 Understanding that temperature in an indicator of degree of hotnessMemahami bahawa suhu adalah penunjuk darjah kepanasan

Thermometertermometer


23/30

SUN WIND DRY CELL FUELS FOODMatahari Angin Sel kering Bahan baker Makanan

Chemical energy light energy + heat energyTenaga kimia tenaga cahaya tenaga haba

Electrical energy light energyTenaga elektrik tenaga cahaya

Electrical energy heat energyTenaga elektrik tenaga haba

Electrical energy sound energyTenaga elektrik tenaga bunyi

Electrical energy kinetic energyTenaga elektrik tenaga kinetic

SOURCES OF ENERGY

PUNCA-PUNCA TENAGA

FORMS OF ENERGYBENTUK-BENTUK TENAGA
http://images.google.com.my/imgres?imgurl=http://www.brown.edu/Student_Services/Food_Services/img/about/salad.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.brown.edu/Student_Services/Food_Services/nutrition/allergies.php&usg=__WAp83fWiCMXAG7yq_pPyUP_VoUM=&h=292&w=268&sz=49&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=HqMrDbXW9Gd1HM:&tbnh=115&tbnw=106&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dnutrition%2Bfood%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Denhttp://images.google.com.my/imgres?imgurl=http://www.brown.edu/Student_Services/Food_Services/img/about/salad.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.brown.edu/Student_Services/Food_Services/nutrition/allergies.php&usg=__WAp83fWiCMXAG7yq_pPyUP_VoUM=&h=292&w=268&sz=49&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=HqMrDbXW9Gd1HM:&tbnh=115&tbnw=106&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dnutrition%2Bfood%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den


24/30

DRYCELL

ACCUMULATOR DYNAMO SOLAR CELL HYDROELECTRICSel kering Dynamo Sel solar Hidroelekrik

SERIES CIRCUITLITAR SESIRI

SOURCES OF ELECTRICITYPUNCA-PUNCA ELEKTRIK

PARALLEL CIRCUITLITAR SELARI

ELECTRICITYELEKTRIK


25/30

( Song : This old man)

Light oh light Cahaya oh cahayaLight travels Cahaya boleh gerakLight travels in a straight line Cahaya bergerak lurusLight travels in a straight line Cahaya bergerak lurusTherefore it can form shadow Ia membentuk bayang

Light oh light Cahaya oh cahayaLight reflects Cahaya boleh pantul

Light can be reflected Cahaya boleh dipantulkanLight can be reflected Cahaya boleh dipantulkanCan see image in mirror Boleh lihat dicermin

LIGHTCAHAYA
http://images.google.com.my/imgres?imgurl=http://alex.edfac.usyd.edu.au/blp/Sample%2520lessons/light&imgrefurl=http://alex.edfac.usyd.edu.au/blp/Sample%2520lessons/reasoning_light.htm&usg=__NunP_dD3uE7t72wZ3HsdQtirg_8=&h=144&w=155&sz=3&hl=en&start=9&tbnid=jpiLKxS4ekVqTM:&tbnh=90&tbnw=97&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dlight%2Btravels%2Bin%2Bstraight%2Blines%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den


26/30

Year 6


27/30

INVESTIGATING FORCE AND ENERGYMENYIASAT DAYA DAN TENAGA

FORCEDAYA

EffectsKesan

ConceptKonse

A push or a pullTolak atau tarik

Can move a stationary objectBoleh gerakkan objek yangpegun

Cannot be seen but theeffects can be feltTidak boleh dilihat tetapiboleh dirasa

Changes the shapes of an objectMengubah bentuk objek

An object become squeezed,stretched, bent, twisted orsquashedObjek menjadi kemek, regang,bengkok,berpintal atau penyek

Changes the motion of an objectMengubah pergerakan objek

Stops a moving objectMemberhentikan objek yang bergerak

Changes the direction of a moving objectMengubah arah pergerakan objek yang bergerak

Makes an object move faster or slowerMenggerakkan objek lebih cepat atau perlahan

1.2 Understanding the effect of a forceMemahami kesan daya

1.1 Understanding that push and pull are forcesMemahami bahawa tolak dan tarik adalah daya


28/30

FRICTIONGESERAN

Effects of frictionKesan geseran

Produces heat

Hasilkan haba

Opposes motionBerlawanan gerakan

Causes wear and tearMenyebabkan hausdan koyak

Slows down and stops amoving objectMemperlahankan dan

memberhentikan objek yangbergerak

DisadvantagesKekurangan

AdvantagesKelebihan

Factors that affect frictionFaktor yang menyebabkan

Condition of the

surfaceKeadaanpermukaan

Weight of theobjectBerat objek

Ways to reduce frictionCara kurangkan geseran

Use rollers or marbles

Guna penggelek atauguli

Smoothen surfacesPermukaan licin

Use oil, wax, grease,talcumpowder, air cushion

Guna minyak, pelicin,gris,

1.3 Analysing frictionAnalisa geseran


29/30

MovementPergerakkan

SpeedLaju

Calculation of speedPengiraan laju

How fast an object movesBerapa laju objek bergerak Formula :

Rumus

Seed = DistanceTime

Laju = JarakMasa

A faster object travelsa longer distance in agiven timeObjek yang lebih lajumelalui jarak yanglebih panjang mengikutmasa an diberi

A faster object takes a shorter timeto travel a given distanceObjek yang laju mengambil masayang singkatuntuk melalui jarak yang diberi

Units : km/h

km/j m/s

m/s cm/s

sm/s

2.1 Understanding speedMemahami laju


30/30

Documents

PETA MINDA SAINS TEMA MENYIASAT DAYA DAN TENAGA