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Datura metel - L.
Common Name Thorn Apple
Family Solanaceae
Synonyms D. alba. Nees. D. fastuosa. L.
Known HazardsAll members of this
genus contain narcotics and arevery poisonous, even in
smalldoses [147, 200].
HabitatsWaste places, river sands etc insunny positions[147,
192]
RangeE. Asia - S. China, India.Naturalized in the
Mediterranean.
Edibility Rating
Medicinal Rating
Care
Summary
Physical Characteristics
Datura metel is a ANNUAL growing to 1.5 m (5ft).It is hardy to
zone 9 and is frost tender. It is in flower from Jun to July.
Theflowers are hermaphrodite (have both male and female organs) and
arepollinated by Insects.
Suitable for: light (sandy) and medium (loamy) soils and prefers
well-drainedsoil. Suitable pH: neutral and basic (alkaline) soils
and can grow in very alkaline
soils.It cannot grow in the shade. It prefers dry or moist
soil.
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Da
tura_metel_Blanco1.35.jpg
Habitats Cultivated Beds;
Edible Uses
Mean Green
Garden Hose
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Edible Parts:Edible Uses : Drink.
The leaves and roots are bruised, m ixed with water and left to
stand for several hours. The liquid is then drawn off and drunk.
This i s a highly narcotic drink, producinga stupefying effect that
it is no t easy to remove[2]. Caution is advised, s ee the notes
above on toxicity[K].
Medicinal Uses
Plants For A Future can not take any responsibility for any
adverse effects from the use of plants. Always seek advice from a
professional before using a plantmedicinally.
Anaesthetic; Anodyne; Antiasthmatic; Antispasmodic; Antitussive;
Hallucinogenic; Hypnotic; Mydriatic.
The whole plant, but especially the leaves and seed, is
anaesthetic, anodyne, antiasthmatic, antispasm odic, antitussive,
bronchodilator, hallucinogenic, hypnotic andmydriatic[147, 192,
218]. It has a wide range of applications in India, including in
the treatment of epilepsy, hysteria, insanity, heart diseases,
fever with catarrh,
diarrhoea, skin diseas es etc[192, 240]. A poultice of the
crushed leaves is used to relieve pain[283]. In China, the plant is
used in the treatment of asthma[218]. InVietnam, the dried flowers
and leaves are cut into small chips and used in antiasthmatic
cigarettes[283]. Great caution is advised in the us e of this plant
s ince excessdoses cause hallucinations, severe intoxication and
death. The toxic dose is very close to the m edicinal dose so this
plant should only be us ed under the guidance ofa qualified
practitioner. See also the notes above on toxicity. The plant
contains the alkaloids hyoscyamine, hyoscine and atropine[240].
Atropine dilates the pupilsand is used in eye surgery[222]. Total
alkaloid content of the leaves is 0.426%, which is m ainly
atropine[240]. The seeds contain 0.426% alkaloids, which is
mainlyhyoscyamine[240]. The roots contain 0.35% hyoscyamine[240].
An extract of the flowers is used as an anaesthetic - 3 - 5g
applied orally produces a generalanaesthesia within 5 minutes and
lasting 5 - 6 hours[218].
Other Uses
None known
Cultivation details
Prefers a rich light sandy soil and an open s unny
position[200]. Grows best in a fertile calcareous s oil[200]. This
s pecies is extremely susceptible to the variousviruses that
afflict the potato family (Solanaceae), it can act as a centre of
infection so should not be grown near potatoes or tomatoes[200].
There are a number ofnamed varieties selected for their ornamental
value[200]. The flowers have an exotic fragrance, though the
bruised leaves have an unpleasant smell[245]. Thisspecies is
closely related to D. innoxia[200].
Propagation
Sow the seed in individual pots in early spring in a
greenhouse[200]. Put 3 or 4 seeds in each pot and thin if necessary
to the best plant. The seed usuallygerminates in 3 - 6 weeks at
15c. Plant out in late spring or early summer, after the last
expected frosts. Especially in areas with hot s umm ers, it is
worthwhile tryinga sowing outdoors in s itu in mid to late
spring.
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Expert comment
Author
L.
Botanical References
200
Links / References
[K] Ken Fern Notes from observations, tasting etc at Plants For
A Future and on field trips.
[2]Hedrick. U. P. Sturtevant's Edible Plants of the World.
Lots of entries, quite a lot of information in m ost entries and
references.
[147]? A Barefoot Doctors Manual.
A very readable herbal from Ch ina, combining s ome modern
methods with traditiona l chines e methods.
[192]Emboden. W. Narcotic Plants
A lot of details about the history, chemistry and use of
narcotic plants, includ ing hallucinogens, stim ulants , inebriants
and hypnotics.
[200]Huxley. A. The New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. 1992.
Excellent and very comprehensive, though it contains a number of
silly mistakes. Readable yet also very detailed.
[218]Duke. J. A. and Ayensu. E. S. Medicinal Plants of China
Details of over 1,200 medicinal plants of China and brief
details of their uses . Often includes an analysis, or at leas t a
list of constituents. Heavy going if you arenot into the
subject.
[222]Foster. S. & Duke. J. A. A Field Guide to Medicinal
Plants. Eastern and Central N. America.
A concis e book dealing with almost 500 s pecies . A line
drawing of each plant is included plus colour photographs of about
100 species . Very good as a fieldguide, it only gives brief
details about the plants medicinal properties.
[240]Chopra. R. N., Nayar. S. L. and Chopra. I. C. Glossary of
Indian Medicinal Plants (Including the Supplement).
Very terse details of medicinal us es of plants with a wide
range of references and details of research into the plants
chemistry. Not for the casual reader.[245]Genders. R. Scented Flora
of the World.
An excellent, comprehens ive book on scented plants giving a few
other plant uses and brief cultivation details . There are no
illustrations .
[283]Nguyen Van Dan & Doan Thi Nhu Medicinal Plants in
Vietnam
An excellent book, giving information on over 200 plants , their
medicina l compounds and applications .
Readers comment
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All the i nforma tion c onta ined i n these pages is Copyright
(C) Plants For A Future, 1996-2012.
Plants For A Future is a charitable company limited by
guarantee, registered in England and Wales. Charity No. 1057719,
Company No. 3204567,
Web Design & Management
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License. Some
information cannot be used for commercial reasons or be modified
(but some can). Please view the copyright link for more
information.
Elizabeth H.
Candace Mon Sep 17 2007
Hello! I have 2 of these plants volunteering vigorously near my
garden and since they have not been watered for about 5 months and
are flowering very happily Iam wondering if anyone knows if they
have a permaculture use....some way that they help the garden or
help the soil since they are NO work at all here!
Elizabeth H.
Dr Arshad Javaid Sun Aug 3 2008
Very use ful information are given in this article . Dr Arshad
Javaid PAKISTAN
Elizabeth H.
rosamond h Lonwes Mon Oct 26 2009
I have a datura where the blooms (white) and upright and very
fragrant.....is this dat/metel?
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