85
Phosphor Materials and Their Applications in Lighting and Displays (Shionoya & Yen: Phosphor Handbook (CRC Press 1999), Chap. 1 p. 7

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Page 1: Phosphor Materials and Their Applications in Lighting and Displaysocw.nctu.edu.tw/.../ipchemistry_lecturenotes/ipch-7-1.pdf · 2018-01-09 · Phosphor Materials and Their Applications

Phosphor Materials and Their Applications in Lighting and Displays

(Shionoya & Yen: Phosphor Handbook (CRC Press 1999), Chap. 1 p. 7

Page 2: Phosphor Materials and Their Applications in Lighting and Displaysocw.nctu.edu.tw/.../ipchemistry_lecturenotes/ipch-7-1.pdf · 2018-01-09 · Phosphor Materials and Their Applications

(Shionoya & Yen: Phosphor Handbook (CRC Press 1999), Chap. 1 p. 7

Page 3: Phosphor Materials and Their Applications in Lighting and Displaysocw.nctu.edu.tw/.../ipchemistry_lecturenotes/ipch-7-1.pdf · 2018-01-09 · Phosphor Materials and Their Applications

Phosphors for Fluorescent Lamp 螢光燈用螢光粉螢光燈用螢光粉螢光燈用螢光粉螢光燈用螢光粉

1.Phosphors for Lighting 照明用螢光體照明用螢光體照明用螢光體照明用螢光體

(a) Lamp phosphors – Fluorescent lamps; High Pressure Hg Lamps

(b) Phosphors for White-Light LED (Light Emitting Diodes) 白光白光白光白光LED用螢光體用螢光體用螢光體用螢光體

Page 4: Phosphor Materials and Their Applications in Lighting and Displaysocw.nctu.edu.tw/.../ipchemistry_lecturenotes/ipch-7-1.pdf · 2018-01-09 · Phosphor Materials and Their Applications

1987 日本日本日本日本Nichia化學與中國電器化學與中國電器化學與中國電器化學與中國電器、、、、台灣日光燈合資成立日亞連合照明台灣日光燈合資成立日亞連合照明台灣日光燈合資成立日亞連合照明台灣日光燈合資成立日亞連合照明

(NICHIA-UNILUX CORPORATION ),,,,生產照明用螢光粉生產照明用螢光粉生產照明用螢光粉生產照明用螢光粉,,,,迄今該公司迄今該公司迄今該公司迄今該公司

已取得國內日光燈螢光粉已取得國內日光燈螢光粉已取得國內日光燈螢光粉已取得國內日光燈螢光粉90%以上的市以上的市以上的市以上的市塲塲塲塲

- 當時國內當時國內當時國內當時國內CRT映像管生產者為映像管生產者為映像管生產者為映像管生產者為: 中華映管中華映管中華映管中華映管(CPT)、、、、台灣飛利普電子台灣飛利普電子台灣飛利普電子台灣飛利普電子、、、、

台灣克林登台灣克林登台灣克林登台灣克林登

- 國內日光燈生產者為國內日光燈生產者為國內日光燈生產者為國內日光燈生產者為:中國電器中國電器中國電器中國電器、、、、台灣日光燈台灣日光燈台灣日光燈台灣日光燈、、、、 協成電器協成電器協成電器協成電器、、、、順彥電順彥電順彥電順彥電

器器器器、、、、新亞電器與水銀燈新亞電器與水銀燈新亞電器與水銀燈新亞電器與水銀燈、、、、台灣岩崎等廠商台灣岩崎等廠商台灣岩崎等廠商台灣岩崎等廠商

1990 連合照明接受連合照明接受連合照明接受連合照明接受CPT委託回收委託回收委託回收委託回收CRT映像管螢光體映像管螢光體映像管螢光體映像管螢光體,,,,CRT螢光體仍由國螢光體仍由國螢光體仍由國螢光體仍由國

外進口外進口外進口外進口

1990-1992 工研院評估螢光體產業之應用與市工研院評估螢光體產業之應用與市工研院評估螢光體產業之應用與市工研院評估螢光體產業之應用與市塲塲塲塲

2001 高雄南帝化工公司投資量產白光高雄南帝化工公司投資量產白光高雄南帝化工公司投資量產白光高雄南帝化工公司投資量產白光LED用螢光粉用螢光粉用螢光粉用螢光粉

2004 台灣道爾科技台灣道爾科技台灣道爾科技台灣道爾科技 (Dott Tech) – 各式各式各式各式LED用或用或用或用或customer order螢光粉螢光粉螢光粉螢光粉

我國螢光材料產業之概況我國螢光材料產業之概況我國螢光材料產業之概況我國螢光材料產業之概況

Page 5: Phosphor Materials and Their Applications in Lighting and Displaysocw.nctu.edu.tw/.../ipchemistry_lecturenotes/ipch-7-1.pdf · 2018-01-09 · Phosphor Materials and Their Applications

日本螢光體產業概況日本螢光體產業概況日本螢光體產業概況日本螢光體產業概況

◆◆◆◆ 研究始於二次大戰之前研究始於二次大戰之前研究始於二次大戰之前研究始於二次大戰之前,,,,戰後在影像管與日光燈產業居世界領導地位戰後在影像管與日光燈產業居世界領導地位戰後在影像管與日光燈產業居世界領導地位戰後在影像管與日光燈產業居世界領導地位

◆◆◆◆ 1985前前前前 CRT管佔全球管佔全球管佔全球管佔全球70%; 近年來高解析近年來高解析近年來高解析近年來高解析CRT管佔全球管佔全球管佔全球管佔全球90%

◆◆◆◆ 國內螢光粉生產體系極為健全國內螢光粉生產體系極為健全國內螢光粉生產體系極為健全國內螢光粉生產體系極為健全,,,,對新材料之開發不遺餘力對新材料之開發不遺餘力對新材料之開發不遺餘力對新材料之開發不遺餘力,,,,目前全日本目前全日本目前全日本目前全日本

螢光粉生產量占全世界一半以上螢光粉生產量占全世界一半以上螢光粉生產量占全世界一半以上螢光粉生產量占全世界一半以上

◆◆◆◆ 精於螢光粉製造如精於螢光粉製造如精於螢光粉製造如精於螢光粉製造如:::: 日亞化學日亞化學日亞化學日亞化學Nichia Chemicals 、、、、化成化成化成化成Kasei

Optonix 、、、、 東芝東芝東芝東芝 、、、、日本電氣日本電氣日本電氣日本電氣(NEC)、、、、豐田合成豐田合成豐田合成豐田合成、、、、Osram Melco 與美國與美國與美國與美國

G.E.、、、、 RCA與荷蘭飛利浦齊名與荷蘭飛利浦齊名與荷蘭飛利浦齊名與荷蘭飛利浦齊名

◆◆◆◆ 近年來日亞化學已取得全球領先地位近年來日亞化學已取得全球領先地位近年來日亞化學已取得全球領先地位近年來日亞化學已取得全球領先地位,,,,1990收購美國收購美國收購美國收購美國RCA成立日亞美國成立日亞美國成立日亞美國成立日亞美國

廠廠廠廠,,,,1987在台灣成立連合照明在台灣成立連合照明在台灣成立連合照明在台灣成立連合照明,,,,生產照明用螢光材料生產照明用螢光材料生產照明用螢光材料生產照明用螢光材料。。。。

近年來日亞化學螢光體之世界佔有率已達近年來日亞化學螢光體之世界佔有率已達近年來日亞化學螢光體之世界佔有率已達近年來日亞化學螢光體之世界佔有率已達40-50%,,,,而而而而G.E.與與與與Philips之市之市之市之市

佔率則逐漸衰退中佔率則逐漸衰退中佔率則逐漸衰退中佔率則逐漸衰退中

Page 6: Phosphor Materials and Their Applications in Lighting and Displaysocw.nctu.edu.tw/.../ipchemistry_lecturenotes/ipch-7-1.pdf · 2018-01-09 · Phosphor Materials and Their Applications

1938年美國年美國年美國年美國GE公司發明公司發明公司發明公司發明 螢光燈螢光燈螢光燈螢光燈 (FL, fluorescent lamps)

技術發展方向技術發展方向技術發展方向技術發展方向: 1)發光效率之提昇發光效率之提昇發光效率之提昇發光效率之提昇 (luminescence efficiency enhancement

2) 長壽命化長壽命化長壽命化長壽命化 (long life)

3) 尺寸製密化尺寸製密化尺寸製密化尺寸製密化 (size compactness)

基本要求基本要求基本要求基本要求: 1) 演色性演色性演色性演色性 (color rendering property; CRI or Ra)

2) 光色品質改良光色品質改良光色品質改良光色品質改良

Ca5(PO4)3X:Sb,Mn2+ (1942年發明年發明年發明年發明), 發光光譜缺乏紅色光所照射之發光光譜缺乏紅色光所照射之發光光譜缺乏紅色光所照射之發光光譜缺乏紅色光所照射之 物體物體物體物體呈現不自然之缺陷呈現不自然之缺陷呈現不自然之缺陷呈現不自然之缺陷

三波長光譜三波長光譜三波長光譜三波長光譜 450 nm (Blue)

(人眼最敏感波長人眼最敏感波長人眼最敏感波長人眼最敏感波長) 540 nm (Green)

610 nm (Red)

高演色性三波長型高演色性三波長型高演色性三波長型高演色性三波長型 Ra = = = = 84

五波長型燈粉五波長型燈粉五波長型燈粉五波長型燈粉(Toshiba, Matsushita):添加藍綠與深紅螢光粉添加藍綠與深紅螢光粉添加藍綠與深紅螢光粉添加藍綠與深紅螢光粉 Ra = 88色彩更自然色彩更自然色彩更自然色彩更自然

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色溫色溫色溫色溫 (color temperature): 表示白色光之尺度表示白色光之尺度表示白色光之尺度表示白色光之尺度, 單位單位單位單位: oK

19897500接近太陽光

19866700D-型晝白色

5000N-型晝白色

年 代色溫 (K)類 型

日光燈中充填水銀原子及氬氣日光燈中充填水銀原子及氬氣日光燈中充填水銀原子及氬氣日光燈中充填水銀原子及氬氣,,,,在在在在185、、、、254、、、、365 nm等等等等波長之紫外光照射下波長之紫外光照射下波長之紫外光照射下波長之紫外光照射下,,,,以激發螢光體以激發螢光體以激發螢光體以激發螢光體;;;;若充填若充填若充填若充填He及及及及Xe混合混合混合混合氣氣氣氣,,,,則可以真空紫外波段則可以真空紫外波段則可以真空紫外波段則可以真空紫外波段147 nm加以激發加以激發加以激發加以激發(plasma display panel: PDP原理原理原理原理)。。。。

日光燈在要求高效率能源利用與高演色性條件下日光燈在要求高效率能源利用與高演色性條件下日光燈在要求高效率能源利用與高演色性條件下日光燈在要求高效率能源利用與高演色性條件下,,,,目前目前目前目前開發三波長日光燈開發三波長日光燈開發三波長日光燈開發三波長日光燈 最能滿足消費者之需求最能滿足消費者之需求最能滿足消費者之需求最能滿足消費者之需求

Page 8: Phosphor Materials and Their Applications in Lighting and Displaysocw.nctu.edu.tw/.../ipchemistry_lecturenotes/ipch-7-1.pdf · 2018-01-09 · Phosphor Materials and Their Applications

3(Ba,Mg)O•8Al2O3:Eu2+

(Sr,Ca,Ba)10(PO4)6Cl2:Eu2+

2SrO•0.84P2O5•0.16(Ba,Mg)O•8Al2O3:Eu2+

(Sr,Ca,Ba)10(PO4)6Cl2:Eu2+

3(Ba,Mg)O8Al2O3:Eu2+,Mn2+

Sr4Al14O25:Eu2+

SrAl2O4:Eu2+

Y2O3:Eu3+

Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl):Sb,Mn

3Ca3(PO4)2Ca(F,Cl)2:Sb,Mn

3Ca3(PO4)2Ca(F,Cl)2:Sb;

MgWO4

3.5MgO•0.5MgF2•GeO2:Mn4+

(Ba,Ca,Mg)10(PO4)6Cl2:Eu2+

2SrO 0.84P2O5 0.16B2O3:Eu2+

Sr4Al14O25:Eu2+

(La,Ce)(P,Si)O4:Tb3+

(La,Ce)PO4:Tb3+

(Ce,Tb)MgAl11O19

3.5MgO•0.5MgF2•GeO2:Mn4+

(Gd,Ce,Tb)MgB5O10:Mn4+

日光燈用螢光體日光燈用螢光體日光燈用螢光體日光燈用螢光體

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省電螢光燈 特殊用途螢光燈

Page 10: Phosphor Materials and Their Applications in Lighting and Displaysocw.nctu.edu.tw/.../ipchemistry_lecturenotes/ipch-7-1.pdf · 2018-01-09 · Phosphor Materials and Their Applications

1. Phosphors for Lighting ApplicationsSuspension of phosphor powder particles

MgWO4

MgCO3 + WO3 MgWO4

1000℃

In silica tube

Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl):Sb, Mn

CaCO3 + CaHPO4 + CaF2 +NH4Cl + Sb2O3 + MnCO3

Very high light output

若要製備若要製備若要製備若要製備high efficiency 材料材料材料材料,須要求須要求須要求須要求clean production process, high quality starting materials

- Controlled atmosphere (Eu2+ versus Eu3+)

- Stoichiometry of host lattice

- Particle size controlled

Coprecipitation process (共沈法製程共沈法製程共沈法製程共沈法製程):若若若若Host 與與與與activator cations are chemically similar,則可考慮本技術則可考慮本技術則可考慮本技術則可考慮本技術.

Ca5(F,Cl)(PO4)3:Sb,Mn

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Example: Y3+ + Eu3+Oxalate coprecipitation

(Y,Eu) oxalate

Phosphors tend to degrade slowly during lamp life cycle,

原因原因原因原因: 1. 由由由由185 nm輻射造成的輻射造成的輻射造成的輻射造成的photochemical decomposition

2. Reaction with excited Hg* from discharge

3. Diffusion of Na+ from the glass

通常通常通常通常,,,,高比面積造成螢光體對光或汞蒸氣更加敏感高比面積造成螢光體對光或汞蒸氣更加敏感高比面積造成螢光體對光或汞蒸氣更加敏感高比面積造成螢光體對光或汞蒸氣更加敏感

Y2O3:EuHeat treatment

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螢光體之應用與原理螢光體之應用與原理螢光體之應用與原理螢光體之應用與原理

1. Phosphors for Lighting 照明用螢光體照明用螢光體照明用螢光體照明用螢光體

(a) Lamp phosphors – Fluorescent lamps; High Pressure Hg Lamps

(b) Phosphors for White-Light LED (Light Emitting Diodes) 白光白光白光白光LED用螢光體用螢光體用螢光體用螢光體

2. Phosphors for Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) 陰極射線管螢光體陰極射線管螢光體陰極射線管螢光體陰極射線管螢光體

3. Phosphors for Field Emission Displays (FED)場發射顯示螢光體場發射顯示螢光體場發射顯示螢光體場發射顯示螢光體

4. Phosphors for Electroluminescent (EL) Displays 電激發光螢光體電激發光螢光體電激發光螢光體電激發光螢光體

5. Phosphors for Plasma Displays Panels (PDP) 電漿顯示螢光體電漿顯示螢光體電漿顯示螢光體電漿顯示螢光體

6. X-ray Phosphors X-光螢光體光螢光體光螢光體光螢光體

(a) Conventional intensifying screens (Blasse, Chap 8 Fig. 8.2).

(b) Photostimulable storage phosphor (PSP) screens BaFCl:Eu2+

(c) Other X-ray phosphors Ba5SiO4Br6:Eu2+; Y2SiO5:Ce3+

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快速啟動器快速啟動器快速啟動器快速啟動器

穩壓安定穩壓安定穩壓安定穩壓安定/鎮流器鎮流器鎮流器鎮流器

Construction of A Fluorescent Lamp

1.汞氣與氬氣汞氣與氬氣汞氣與氬氣汞氣與氬氣: 管內氣壓管內氣壓管內氣壓管內氣壓= 0.1 atm最佳最佳最佳最佳;;;;氬氣之加入在於首次低壓導電流氬氣之加入在於首次低壓導電流氬氣之加入在於首次低壓導電流氬氣之加入在於首次低壓導電流

2. 啟動器啟動器啟動器啟動器: 使陰極受熱再迅速關閉使陰極受熱再迅速關閉使陰極受熱再迅速關閉使陰極受熱再迅速關閉,,,,利用抗流線圈的高壓湧浪產生放電利用抗流線圈的高壓湧浪產生放電利用抗流線圈的高壓湧浪產生放電利用抗流線圈的高壓湧浪產生放電

3.安定器安定器安定器安定器(限限限限流器流器流器流器-鐵心鐵心鐵心鐵心抗流線圈抗流線圈抗流線圈抗流線圈):與啟動器與啟動器與啟動器與啟動器配配配配合合合合,,,,在日光燈開關啟動時由在日光燈開關啟動時由在日光燈開關啟動時由在日光燈開關啟動時由感感感感應應應應

產生一高壓湧浪使燈管放電而發光產生一高壓湧浪使燈管放電而發光產生一高壓湧浪使燈管放電而發光產生一高壓湧浪使燈管放電而發光 ,,,,之後再之後再之後再之後再限制限制限制限制電流大電流大電流大電流大小小小小

加熱絲極加熱絲極加熱絲極加熱絲極/陽陽陽陽(陰陰陰陰)極極極極

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Lamp Phosphors for Lighting

Earthly phosphors (1938-1948)

MgWO4, (Zn,Be)2SiO4:Mn2+ 缺缺缺缺點點點點::::Mn2+ + Hg →→→→ 分分分分解解解解u.v.

Covering green to red part of the Visible spectrum

MgWO4CaWO4Bluish white emission

λλλλem = 480 nm

(Zn,Be)2SiO4:Mn2+

Zn2SiO4:Mn2+

反射光譜反射光譜反射光譜反射光譜

(Blasse & Grabmeier (1994) Chap. 6)

Page 16: Phosphor Materials and Their Applications in Lighting and Displaysocw.nctu.edu.tw/.../ipchemistry_lecturenotes/ipch-7-1.pdf · 2018-01-09 · Phosphor Materials and Their Applications

MgWO4

1. 100% activator concentration, each WO42- group (octahedral) is able to

luminescence …

2. No concentration quenching !! (large Stokes shift)

3. Charge transfer luminescence mechanism in WO42- group.

Zn2SiO4:Mn2+

Emission due to Zn2SiO4:Mn2+ is narrow

1. Zn2SiO4, Be2SiO4 are isostructural, both Zn2+, Be2+ are in tetrahedral coordination (Mn2+ in tet. Coordination)

Mn2+ (d5): all optical transitions within 3d5 configurations

均為均為均為均為spin- and parity-forbidden transitions

2. In (Zn,Be)2SiO4 the crystal field of Mn2+ ion varies

The emission band broadens relative to that of Zn2SiO4:Mn2+

Introduction of Be2+ increases C.F. of Mn2+ ion emission shifted to

longer wavelength

Page 17: Phosphor Materials and Their Applications in Lighting and Displaysocw.nctu.edu.tw/.../ipchemistry_lecturenotes/ipch-7-1.pdf · 2018-01-09 · Phosphor Materials and Their Applications

2. In (Zn,Be)2SiO4 the crystal field of Mn2+ ion varies

The emission band broadens relative to that of Zn2SiO4:Mn2+

Introduction of Be2+ increases C.F. of Mn2+ ion emission shifted to

longer wavelength

Zn2SiO4:Mn2+

反射光譜反射光譜反射光譜反射光譜

(Zn,Be)2SiO4:Mn2+Zn2SiO4:Mn2+

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FL phosphors: apatite structure Ca5(F,Cl)(PO4)3:Sb,Mn

FL lamps (螢光燈螢光燈螢光燈螢光燈)

Low pressure Hg discharge lamp with a layer of phosphor particles on the inside surface, 1-2 torr pressure containing Ne, Ar, Kr gases產生產生產生產生85%, 253.7 nm; 15% (185, 315, 365, 430 nm)

- high energy efficiency for 254 nm; high photon excitation efficiency

改改改改變變變變Sb/Mn量量量量可可可可以以以以調度調度調度調度emission colors: bluish-white reddish white

常常常常用之用之用之用之phosphor lighting coating 為為為為blends.

Page 19: Phosphor Materials and Their Applications in Lighting and Displaysocw.nctu.edu.tw/.../ipchemistry_lecturenotes/ipch-7-1.pdf · 2018-01-09 · Phosphor Materials and Their Applications

商業用螢光燈粉商業用螢光燈粉商業用螢光燈粉商業用螢光燈粉

Page 20: Phosphor Materials and Their Applications in Lighting and Displaysocw.nctu.edu.tw/.../ipchemistry_lecturenotes/ipch-7-1.pdf · 2018-01-09 · Phosphor Materials and Their Applications

常見日光燈用螢光材料常見日光燈用螢光材料常見日光燈用螢光材料常見日光燈用螢光材料(燈粉燈粉燈粉燈粉)組成組成組成組成 (254 nm)

紫外光(發射波長)

紅光 綠光(QE) 藍光(QE) 三波長

化學

組成

SrAl12O19:

Ce3+, Mg2+

(305 nm)

GdBO3:Pr3+

(312 nm)

BaSi2O5:Pb2+

(350 nm)

SrB4O7:Eu2+

(370 nm)

(La,Gd)B3O6:

Bi3+

Y2O3:Eu3+

(100%)

Y2O2S:

Eu3+

(Ce0.67Tb0.33)Mg

Al11O19 (85%)

(Ce0.45La0.40Tb0.15)

(PO4) (86%)

(Ce0.3Gd0.5Tb0.2)

MgB5O10 (88%)

BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+

(90%)

Sr3(PO4)5Cl:Eu2+

(90%)

Sr2Al6O11:Eu2+

(90%)

Sr2P2O7:Eu2+

(90%, 420 nm)

Sr4Al14O25:Eu2+(Blue 490

nm, 90%)

/GdMgB5O10:Ce3+,:Mn2+

(Red 633 nm)/

GdMgB5O10:Tb3+ (green)

(Ce0.2Gd0.6Tb0.2)(Mg0.9M

n0.1)B5O10 (Blue + Green

+ Red)

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Sb3+ Mn2+

Emission spectra of Ca5(F,Cl)(PO4)3 as a function of Mn:Sb:(PO4) ratio: (a)0:0.15:6(藍白藍白藍白藍白), (b) 0.08:0.08:6(日光白日光白日光白日光白), (c) 0.17:0.08:6(冷冷冷冷白白白白), and (d)0.24:0.08:6(暖暖暖暖白白白白)

[Mn]:[Sb]

Color Temperature

Page 22: Phosphor Materials and Their Applications in Lighting and Displaysocw.nctu.edu.tw/.../ipchemistry_lecturenotes/ipch-7-1.pdf · 2018-01-09 · Phosphor Materials and Their Applications

Excitation spectra of Ca5(F,Cl)(PO4)3 monitored at Sb3+ emission wavelength (detector set at 476 nm) and (b) Mn2+ emission wavelength (detector set at 590nm).

最佳激發波長最佳激發波長最佳激發波長最佳激發波長

Page 23: Phosphor Materials and Their Applications in Lighting and Displaysocw.nctu.edu.tw/.../ipchemistry_lecturenotes/ipch-7-1.pdf · 2018-01-09 · Phosphor Materials and Their Applications

色溫色溫色溫色溫4000KBaMgAl10O17:Eu2+

(magnetoplumbite-type)

Sr2Al6O11:Eu2+

Gd(Mg,Mn)B5O10:Ce3+

CeMgAl11O19

GdMgAl5O10

25

Page 24: Phosphor Materials and Their Applications in Lighting and Displaysocw.nctu.edu.tw/.../ipchemistry_lecturenotes/ipch-7-1.pdf · 2018-01-09 · Phosphor Materials and Their Applications

Phosphors for Tricolor Lamps

Keodam and Opstelten:

A luminescent lamp with an efficacy(功功功功效效效效) of 100 lm/W and CRI of 80-85 can be obtained by combining three phosphors, which emit in narrow λλλλ intervals centered at 450, 550, and 610 nm

色色色色溫溫溫溫4000K三波長螢三波長螢三波長螢三波長螢光燈燈粉發射光譜光燈燈粉發射光譜光燈燈粉發射光譜光燈燈粉發射光譜

Page 25: Phosphor Materials and Their Applications in Lighting and Displaysocw.nctu.edu.tw/.../ipchemistry_lecturenotes/ipch-7-1.pdf · 2018-01-09 · Phosphor Materials and Their Applications

Can be suppressed by adding yellow-emittingYAG:Ce3+

色色色色溫溫溫溫為為為為4000K之之之之deluxe lamp

A lamp containing a mixture of Sr2Al6O11:Eu2+, GdMgB5O10:Ce3+,Tb3+, Mn2+

and Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl):Sb,Mn has a CRI of 95 and an efficacy of 65 lm/W.

26

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Operations: Import

4 - File: 4.raw - Type: 2Th/Th locked - Start: 10.000 ? - End: 80.000 ? - Step: 0.100 ? - Step time: 0.4 s - Temp.: 25 ? (Room) - Time Started: 14 s - 2-Theta: 10.000 ? - Theta: 5.000 ? - Chi: 0.00 ? - Phi: 0.00 ? - X:

Operations: Y Scale Add 100 | Import

3 - File: 3.raw - Type: 2Th/Th locked - Start: 10.000 ? - End: 80.000 ? - Step: 0.100 ? - Step time: 0.4 s - Temp.: 25 ? (Room) - Time Started: 14 s - 2-Theta: 10.000 ? - Theta: 5.000 ? - Chi: 0.00 ? - Phi: 0.00 ? - X:

Operations: Y Scale Add 200 | Import

2 - File: 2.raw - Type: 2Th/Th locked - Start: 10.000 ? - End: 80.000 ? - Step: 0.100 ? - Step time: 0.4 s - Temp.: 25 ? (Room) - Time Started: 14 s - 2-Theta: 10.000 ? - Theta: 5.000 ? - Chi: 0.00 ? - Phi: 0.00 ? - X:

Operations: Y Scale Add 300 | Import

1 - File: 1.raw - Type: 2Th/Th locked - Start: 10.000 ? - End: 80.000 ? - Step: 0.100 ? - Step time: 0.4 s - Temp.: 25 ? (Room) - Time Started: 13 s - 2-Theta: 10.000 ? - Theta: 5.000 ? - Chi: 0.00 ? - Phi: 0.00 ? - X:

Inte

nsity

(cp

s)

0

100

200

300

400

500

2-Theta - Scale

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

PL Electronic Helix 20W/D

M-廠廠廠廠 FL40D

G.E. Lighting FL40D

Nichia Lamp NP-96

Y2O3:Eu3+

Ca5(PO4)3F:Sb3+

LaPO4:Tb3+

SrAl12O19:Mn2+ ?

LaPO4:Tb3+Y2O3:Eu3+

Ca5(PO4)3F:Sb3+Y2O3:Eu3+ LaPO4:Tb3+

Comparison of XRD profiles for fluorescent lamp phosphors from

different sources.

(Ba,Sr,Ca)5(PO4)3F:Sb3+Y2O3:Eu3+

25

Page 27: Phosphor Materials and Their Applications in Lighting and Displaysocw.nctu.edu.tw/.../ipchemistry_lecturenotes/ipch-7-1.pdf · 2018-01-09 · Phosphor Materials and Their Applications

5D07FJ

J = 2 dominates because of hypersensitivity

Red phosphors for tricolor lamps

It has been estimated that 5 ppm of Fe lowers the efficiency of Y2O3:Eu by 7%.

27

Page 28: Phosphor Materials and Their Applications in Lighting and Displaysocw.nctu.edu.tw/.../ipchemistry_lecturenotes/ipch-7-1.pdf · 2018-01-09 · Phosphor Materials and Their Applications

Red phosphors for tricolor lamps

S6 C2

實際實際實際實際上上上上Y2O3中提中提中提中提供兩種供供兩種供供兩種供供兩種供Eu3+取取取取代並具代並具代並具代並具有有有有 與與與與 點點點點對對對對稱稱稱稱之之之之格格格格位位位位S6 C2

C2 sites are 3 times more than S6

Eu3+ on S6 site only shows the 5D0-7F1

magnetic-dipole emission (595 nm)

ττττe = 8 msec

ττττe = 1.1 msec

The unwanted 5D0-7F1 emission of the S6 site is suppressed in the commercial 3% Eu3+

samples due to energy transfer from Eu3+ (S6) to Eu3+ (C2), rc = 8 Å

Page 29: Phosphor Materials and Their Applications in Lighting and Displaysocw.nctu.edu.tw/.../ipchemistry_lecturenotes/ipch-7-1.pdf · 2018-01-09 · Phosphor Materials and Their Applications

Blue phosphors for Tricolor Lamps

Highest lamp output is expected for a B-emitting phosphor with an emission max. at 450 nm, the best CRI is found with an emission max. at 480 nm.

基於對兩者之要求基於對兩者之要求基於對兩者之要求基於對兩者之要求, only phosphors with emission (max) 440-460 nm are of interest.

BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+

(magnetoplumbite-type)

Ca5(PO4)3(Cl,F): Sb,Mn

(halophosphate)

Sr2Al6O11:Eu2+

QE = 90%

Page 30: Phosphor Materials and Their Applications in Lighting and Displaysocw.nctu.edu.tw/.../ipchemistry_lecturenotes/ipch-7-1.pdf · 2018-01-09 · Phosphor Materials and Their Applications

Blue phosphors for tricolor lamps

Built up of alternating layer of AlO4-tetrahedra and of AlO6-octahedra

Page 31: Phosphor Materials and Their Applications in Lighting and Displaysocw.nctu.edu.tw/.../ipchemistry_lecturenotes/ipch-7-1.pdf · 2018-01-09 · Phosphor Materials and Their Applications

Green phosphors for Tricolor Lamps (mainly Tb3+)

1. First allowed transition is 4f8 →→→→ 4f75d1 and it often lies too high energy to make 254 nm excitation effective. A sensitizer (Ce3+, 4f→→→→ 5d is situated at lower energy than the Tb3+ 4f8 →→→→ 4f75d1) must be used to absorb the 254 nm radiation effectively.

2. CeMgAl11O19: magnetoplumbite (1-12-19) structure

GdMgAl5O10 : structure consists of a 2-D framework of BO3 and BO4

groups, in which Mg2+ are in oct. coordination and Gd3+ in ten-coordination. The Gd3+ polyhedra form isolated zig-zag chains. d(Gd-Gd) = 4 Å

Page 32: Phosphor Materials and Their Applications in Lighting and Displaysocw.nctu.edu.tw/.../ipchemistry_lecturenotes/ipch-7-1.pdf · 2018-01-09 · Phosphor Materials and Their Applications

1. some UV emission originating from Ce3+ and Gd3+

is present.

(La,Ce)PO4:Tb

CeMgAl11O19:Tb

2. The energy transfer mechanisms are different.

(Ce,Gd)MgB5O10:Tb

330

3. CeMgAl11O19:Tb has first excitation max at 270 nm, Stokes shift is large 約約約約 8,000 cm-1, energy transfer between Ce3+ does not occur and concentration quenching is absent.

4. The Ce3+→→→→ Tb3+

transfer is one-step process. Transfer is restricted to neighbors, high concentration of Tb3+ ( >> 33%) is necessary to quench the Ce3+ emission.

Page 33: Phosphor Materials and Their Applications in Lighting and Displaysocw.nctu.edu.tw/.../ipchemistry_lecturenotes/ipch-7-1.pdf · 2018-01-09 · Phosphor Materials and Their Applications

(La,Ce)PO4:Tb = LaPO4: Ce,Tb

- Stokes of the emission is small (約約約約6000 cm-1), emission of CePO4 is partly concentration quenched.

- energy migration over the Ce3+ assists in transfer to Tb3+.

- the UV output is high (due to the fact that Ce3+-Ce3+ transfer more efficient than Ce3+-Tb3+; transfer rate: 1011 sec-1 versus 3 x 108 sec-1 at the shortest internuclear rare-earth distance)

GdMgB5O10:Ce,Tb

- excitation with 254 nm occurs in the Ce3+ which transfer its energy to Gd3+; all of Ce3+ exc. energy is transferred to Gd3+ Then the energy migrated over to the Gd3+ sublattice (次晶格次晶格次晶格次晶格). It is trapped by the emitting Tb3+ ions.

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Page 35: Phosphor Materials and Their Applications in Lighting and Displaysocw.nctu.edu.tw/.../ipchemistry_lecturenotes/ipch-7-1.pdf · 2018-01-09 · Phosphor Materials and Their Applications

- The eye sensitivity curve drops sharply in the red spectral area.

(Zn,Cd)S:Ag低流明當量低流明當量低流明當量低流明當量

Eu3+

Eye-sensitivity

5D0-7F4 tend to decrease lumen eqiv

- The 5D1 emission of Eu3+ should be quenched by cross relaxation as in the lamp phosphors.

- The high value of lumen equiv of Y2O3:Eu and Y2(WO4)3:Eu3+ are due to 5D0-7F4

Page 36: Phosphor Materials and Their Applications in Lighting and Displaysocw.nctu.edu.tw/.../ipchemistry_lecturenotes/ipch-7-1.pdf · 2018-01-09 · Phosphor Materials and Their Applications

Phosphors for HPMV (High Pressure Mercury Vapor) Lamp

高壓水銀燈用螢光粉高壓水銀燈用螢光粉高壓水銀燈用螢光粉高壓水銀燈用螢光粉

700-800℃℃℃℃

250-300℃℃℃℃

Page 37: Phosphor Materials and Their Applications in Lighting and Displaysocw.nctu.edu.tw/.../ipchemistry_lecturenotes/ipch-7-1.pdf · 2018-01-09 · Phosphor Materials and Their Applications

HPMV Lamps

-Internal pressure of the lamp from a few mm to several atmospheres >> 760 mm Hg, a quartz envelope is employed for high pressure operation.

-The number of collision per second between Hg atoms increases enormously in the discharge.

-This has the effect of shifting the resonance of radiation to longer wavelengths, including the visible 430 nm, 546 nm, and 578.5 nm,resulting in a green-white emitting lamp. Thus, a red-emitting phosphor is needed so as to correct for the lack of red emission.

- Considerable amount of 365 nm is also present.

- The HPMV lamp has been used extensively in street-lighting (街道照明街道照明街道照明街道照明)applications.

Page 38: Phosphor Materials and Their Applications in Lighting and Displaysocw.nctu.edu.tw/.../ipchemistry_lecturenotes/ipch-7-1.pdf · 2018-01-09 · Phosphor Materials and Their Applications

Phosphors for HPMV Lamps (高壓水銀燈用螢光粉高壓水銀燈用螢光粉高壓水銀燈用螢光粉高壓水銀燈用螢光粉)

螢光粉化學組成螢光粉化學組成螢光粉化學組成螢光粉化學組成: YVO4:Eu, YVO4:Dy and (Sr,Mg)3(PO4)2:Sn2+

Better phosphor: Y(P0.20V0.80)O4:Eu – a superior temperature dependence of emission. Though Y2O3:Eu has a good temperature dependence of emission, but it does not respond to 365 nm radiation.

- LPMV lamps

the newest lamps contain three essential line-emitters using Eu2+ as blue, Tb3+ for green emission, and Eu3+ for red emission.此種照明稱之為此種照明稱之為此種照明稱之為此種照明稱之為high output lamps, which have line emission in contrast to the broad band emission. Eventually, human eyes integrate the three wavelengths and perceive as white light.

Improvements of HPMV or LPMV lamps:- The Hg vapor has been augmented with metal vapors of Tl, In and others. (the iodides of these metals are volatile so that the metal emission spectra result,含部分紅光含部分紅光含部分紅光含部分紅光) ) ) ) 此種照明稱之為此種照明稱之為此種照明稱之為此種照明稱之為metal vapor lamps

Page 39: Phosphor Materials and Their Applications in Lighting and Displaysocw.nctu.edu.tw/.../ipchemistry_lecturenotes/ipch-7-1.pdf · 2018-01-09 · Phosphor Materials and Their Applications

(二二二二) 新世代半導體照明新世代半導體照明新世代半導體照明新世代半導體照明

白光發光二極體白光發光二極體白光發光二極體白光發光二極體

各式發光二極體各式發光二極體各式發光二極體各式發光二極體(LED)

白光發光二極體白光發光二極體白光發光二極體白光發光二極體

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Page 41: Phosphor Materials and Their Applications in Lighting and Displaysocw.nctu.edu.tw/.../ipchemistry_lecturenotes/ipch-7-1.pdf · 2018-01-09 · Phosphor Materials and Their Applications

Luxeon® from Luminleds Lighting, USA

Page 42: Phosphor Materials and Their Applications in Lighting and Displaysocw.nctu.edu.tw/.../ipchemistry_lecturenotes/ipch-7-1.pdf · 2018-01-09 · Phosphor Materials and Their Applications
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Phosphors for Tricolor Lamps

Y2O3:Eu3+(La,Ce)PO4:Tb3+BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+ (B)2005

Y2O3:Eu3+(La,Ce)PO4:Tb3+

CeMgAl10O19:Tb3+

(Gd,Ce)MgB5O10:Tb3+

BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+ (B)

(Sr,Ca)5(PO4)3Cl:Eu2+

1990

Y2O3:Eu3+CeMgAl10O19:Tb3+BaMg2Al16O27:Eu2+ 1974

Ca5(PO4)3Cl:Sb3+,Mn2+ (white)1960

Phosphors Year

Page 44: Phosphor Materials and Their Applications in Lighting and Displaysocw.nctu.edu.tw/.../ipchemistry_lecturenotes/ipch-7-1.pdf · 2018-01-09 · Phosphor Materials and Their Applications

Technology of Lighting

solidsolidsolidsolid state LEDstate LEDstate LEDstate LED

Page 45: Phosphor Materials and Their Applications in Lighting and Displaysocw.nctu.edu.tw/.../ipchemistry_lecturenotes/ipch-7-1.pdf · 2018-01-09 · Phosphor Materials and Their Applications

Diodes (LED): the future for lighting ?

19951970

Hg

Lampe fluorescenteLampe à

incandescence

Diodes (LED)

* Pertes thermiques

•100W génèrent

seulement 18W

de lumière

•Elimination des pertes thermiques

•* 55% de l'énergie sont perdus

lors de la conversion de l'UV en

photons visibles

Energy saving

* 35% de l'énergie sont

Perdus lors de la

conversion de l'excitation

UV en photons visibles

Adantages des LEDs : puissance électrique, brillance, pureté de couleur, taille, durée

de vie, sans mercure

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Applications of LED

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Future applications of WLED: Automotive headlights

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利用發光二極體利用發光二極體利用發光二極體利用發光二極體(LED)產生白光途徑與原理產生白光途徑與原理產生白光途徑與原理產生白光途徑與原理

LED晶片晶片晶片晶片+ 螢光粉螢光粉螢光粉螢光粉 = 白光白光白光白光

目前重點目前重點目前重點目前重點

未來趨勢未來趨勢未來趨勢未來趨勢

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Luminance balance of LED: options possibles

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White Light-Emitting Devices based on GaN LEDs

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Structure d'une LED blanche

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Development and Performance of LEDs

Nichia公司表示該公司最近在新型公司表示該公司最近在新型公司表示該公司最近在新型公司表示該公司最近在新型白光白光白光白光LED的亮度方面取得了明顯的進展的亮度方面取得了明顯的進展的亮度方面取得了明顯的進展的亮度方面取得了明顯的進展,,,,使得使得使得使得LED的亮度達到了的亮度達到了的亮度達到了的亮度達到了100流明流明流明流明。。。。Nichia是第一個公開宣佈推出是第一個公開宣佈推出是第一個公開宣佈推出是第一個公開宣佈推出100流明亮度的流明亮度的流明亮度的流明亮度的LED。。。。Nichia公司在產品說明中表示公司在產品說明中表示公司在產品說明中表示公司在產品說明中表示,,,,以前還沒有白光以前還沒有白光以前還沒有白光以前還沒有白光LED的亮度達到這種水準的亮度達到這種水準的亮度達到這種水準的亮度達到這種水準。。。。公司在報告中揭公司在報告中揭公司在報告中揭公司在報告中揭

露了露了露了露了吊燈和聚光燈吊燈和聚光燈吊燈和聚光燈吊燈和聚光燈LED光源光源光源光源的原型的原型的原型的原型。。。。該原型由該原型由該原型由該原型由80個晶片組成個晶片組成個晶片組成個晶片組成,,,,亮度可以達到亮度可以達到亮度可以達到亮度可以達到480流流流流明明明明,,,,輸入功率為輸入功率為輸入功率為輸入功率為4.8瓦瓦瓦瓦。。。。每一款每一款每一款每一款燈具燈具燈具燈具都達到了都達到了都達到了都達到了100 lm/w的發光效率的發光效率的發光效率的發光效率。。。。這個亮度水準標這個亮度水準標這個亮度水準標這個亮度水準標

誌了誌了誌了誌了LED發光的里程碑發光的里程碑發光的里程碑發光的里程碑,,,,這些燈具的消耗的電能僅為這些燈具的消耗的電能僅為這些燈具的消耗的電能僅為這些燈具的消耗的電能僅為20 mA。。。。Nichia公司採用了多晶公司採用了多晶公司採用了多晶公司採用了多晶片技術組合封裝代替單片晶片技術達到較高發光效率片技術組合封裝代替單片晶片技術達到較高發光效率片技術組合封裝代替單片晶片技術達到較高發光效率片技術組合封裝代替單片晶片技術達到較高發光效率,,,,因此燈具的耗能更低因此燈具的耗能更低因此燈具的耗能更低因此燈具的耗能更低。。。。

2006/03/26

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Energy levels of Ce3+ in YAG:Ce

LED chip

phosphor

InGaN-based luminescence conversion white LED

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Model emission spectra for InGaN/(Y1-xGdx)(Al1-yGay)5

O12:Ce3+ WL-LED for two compositions of YAG

570 nm

580 nm

Nichia US Patents 6,614,179 (2003)

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Range of color tone that can be obtained by combining (Y,Gd)3(Al,Ga)5O12:Ce3+ and blue-LED (460 nm).

Nichia US Patents 6,614,179

(2003)

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Nichia, US Patents 6,614,179 (2003)

Variation of color tone when content of phosphor is changed in LED (465 nm) that combines (Y,Gd)3(Al,Ga)5O12:Ce3+

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Toyada Gosei開發開發開發開發SrO....(Ba,Sr)2SiO4....P2O5....B2O3螢光粉配方螢光粉配方螢光粉配方螢光粉配方,,,,以取代以取代以取代以取代Y3Al5O12:Ce3+迴避智財權迴避智財權迴避智財權迴避智財權

Osram Optronix開發開發開發開發TAG螢光粉配方螢光粉配方螢光粉配方螢光粉配方,,,,以以以以Tb3+取代取代取代取代Nichia (Y,Gd)3Al5O12:Ce中之中之中之中之Gd3+迴避智財權迴避智財權迴避智財權迴避智財權

單一螢光粉之白光單一螢光粉之白光單一螢光粉之白光單一螢光粉之白光LED

色溫偏高色溫偏高色溫偏高色溫偏高(高操作電流密度高操作電流密度高操作電流密度高操作電流密度)、、、、缺紅光演色性不足缺紅光演色性不足缺紅光演色性不足缺紅光演色性不足

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白光白光白光白光 LED用螢光粉基本要求用螢光粉基本要求用螢光粉基本要求用螢光粉基本要求

1. 高演色性高演色性高演色性高演色性 CRI (Ra值值值值)> 90

2. 高量子轉換效率高量子轉換效率高量子轉換效率高量子轉換效率 (吸收吸收吸收吸收LED光後再放射光光後再放射光光後再放射光光後再放射光%) 70-90%

3. 對對對對LED放射範圍具強吸收率放射範圍具強吸收率放射範圍具強吸收率放射範圍具強吸收率 > 70%

4. 高熱穩定性高熱穩定性高熱穩定性高熱穩定性 耐溫耐溫耐溫耐溫 > 200℃℃℃℃

5. Operation lifetime > 10,000 hr

6. 對環境中對環境中對環境中對環境中O2, CO2與水具高化學穩定性與水具高化學穩定性與水具高化學穩定性與水具高化學穩定性,本身無毒本身無毒本身無毒本身無毒

7. 折射率能與折射率能與折射率能與折射率能與LED晶粒相匹配晶粒相匹配晶粒相匹配晶粒相匹配,使來自於使來自於使來自於使來自於LED的光均能的光均能的光均能的光均能

被螢光粉吸收被螢光粉吸收被螢光粉吸收被螢光粉吸收,而非被反射而非被反射而非被反射而非被反射

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1500℃℃℃℃,5h,5h,5h,5h1400℃℃℃℃,5h,5h,5h,5h

Evolution of YAG:Ce Microstructure with Temperature

1400℃℃℃℃,5h,5h,5h,5h 1600℃℃℃℃,5h,5h,5h,5h15

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Phosphors Lab, NCTU

470 nm 平均粒度平均粒度平均粒度平均粒度37 µ m

分析結果分析結果分析結果分析結果:晶粒形狀極不規則晶粒形狀極不規則晶粒形狀極不規則晶粒形狀極不規則,

呈現部分熔解現象呈現部分熔解現象呈現部分熔解現象呈現部分熔解現象,表面因研表面因研表面因研表面因研

磨受損明顯磨受損明顯磨受損明顯磨受損明顯

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Nichia Chemicals YAG:Ce螢光粉螢光粉螢光粉螢光粉

(外觀外觀外觀外觀:橙黃色橙黃色橙黃色橙黃色)

分析結果分析結果分析結果分析結果:晶粒形狀呈不規則形及晶粒形狀呈不規則形及晶粒形狀呈不規則形及晶粒形狀呈不規則形及

球形球形球形球形,實際粒度由實際粒度由實際粒度由實際粒度由0.5-15µµµµm差距甚差距甚差距甚差距甚大大大大,但晶粒表面無損傷但晶粒表面無損傷但晶粒表面無損傷但晶粒表面無損傷,亦未呈現部亦未呈現部亦未呈現部亦未呈現部

分熔解現象分熔解現象分熔解現象分熔解現象

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螢光體之應用與原理螢光體之應用與原理螢光體之應用與原理螢光體之應用與原理

1. Phosphors for Lighting 照明用螢光體照明用螢光體照明用螢光體照明用螢光體

(a) Lamp phosphors – Fluorescent lamps; High Pressure Hg Lamps

(b) Phosphors for White-Light LED (Light Emitting Diodes) 白光白光白光白光LED用螢光體用螢光體用螢光體用螢光體

2. Phosphors for Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) 陰極射線管螢光體陰極射線管螢光體陰極射線管螢光體陰極射線管螢光體

3. Phosphors for Field Emission Displays (FED)場發射顯示螢光體場發射顯示螢光體場發射顯示螢光體場發射顯示螢光體

4. Phosphors for Electroluminescent (EL) Displays 電激發光螢光體電激發光螢光體電激發光螢光體電激發光螢光體

5. Phosphors for Plasma Displays Panels (PDP) 電漿顯示螢光體電漿顯示螢光體電漿顯示螢光體電漿顯示螢光體

6. X-ray Phosphors X-光螢光體光螢光體光螢光體光螢光體

(a) Conventional intensifying screens (Blasse, Chap 8 Fig. 8.2).

(b) Photostimulable storage phosphor (PSP) screens BaFCl:Eu2+

(c) Other X-ray phosphors Ba5SiO4Br6:Eu2+; Y2SiO5:Ce3+

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TG, GELcore, Osram Opto,日本日本日本日本21世紀光計畫世紀光計畫世紀光計畫世紀光計畫

UV-LED + R + G + B 粉粉粉粉

Luminled, Osram Opto, Simens, Philips, 詮興詮興詮興詮興

Blue-LED + R + G

NichiaBlue-LED +YAG:Ce + R 粉粉粉粉

Nichia, Osram OptoBlue-LED + YAG:Ce粉粉粉粉

具代表性廠商具代表性廠商具代表性廠商具代表性廠商產生白光原理產生白光原理產生白光原理產生白光原理

(Source: PIDA, 2003)

使用螢光粉搭配使用螢光粉搭配使用螢光粉搭配使用螢光粉搭配LED的發光原理與代表性廠商的發光原理與代表性廠商的發光原理與代表性廠商的發光原理與代表性廠商

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(Sandia National Lab, USA, private communications, 2002)

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Development of Warm White LED for Illumination

(2003, Nichia Corporation, Japan)

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(a) Oxysulfides: “Sr5Al2O7S:Eu2+” (red emitting)

(b) Silicates: (Ba,Sr)2SiO4:Eu2+, Sr3SiO5:Eu2+ (yellow emitting)

(c) Sulfides: (Ca,Sr)S:Eu, (Ca,Sr)S:Ce3+

(d) Nitridosilicates: yellow to red emitting

Ca2Si5N8:Eu2+ (600-630 nm) Sr2Si5N8:Eu2+ (610-650 nm)

Ba2Si5N8:Eu2+ (620-660 nm) BaSi7N10:Eu2+ (640-680 nm)

(f) Siloxynitrides: SrSi2O2-xN2+2/3x:Eu2+ (or Ce3+)

Phosphors Excitable with Blue LEDs

Advantages::::Good thermal stability, tunable emission wavelengths, low costs

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Silicate-type phosphors

♦♦♦♦ 2 Sr(Ba)CO3+ SiO2 + 1% Eu 2O3 →→→→ (Sr,Ba)2SiO4:Eu2+

at 1250℃℃℃℃, 4 h;;;; under H2/N2 (25/75)

(Solid State Commun. 2005, 135, 445)

♦♦♦♦ 3 BaCO3 + MgO + 2 SiO2 + Eu2O3 + MnO→→→→ Ba3MgSi2O8:Eu2+

at 1250℃℃℃℃,,,,4 h; under H2/N2 (5/95)

(Solid State Commun. 2005, 135, 21)

SynthesisSynthesis

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PL and PLE spectra for with M0.9Eu0.1Si2O2-yN 2+2/3y ((((M = (a) Ca, (b) Sr, and (c) Ba.))))

Li et al. Chem. Mater. (2005)

M0.9Eu0.1Si2O2-yN 2+2/3y

M = Sr

M = Ba

M = Ca

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Emission spectra for (Sr,Ba)2SiO4:Eu2+ as a function of Sr content (range of tuning: green to orange)

WO Patent 03021691: Matsushita Electric (2003)

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Nitridosilicate-type Phosphors

Synthesis

Ca3N2 + Si3N4 + EuCl2 (1400-1500℃℃℃℃, N2) →→→→ Ca2Si5N8:Eu2+

(US Patent :US6682663 (2003)

(2-x) Ba + x Eu + Si(NH2)2 →→→→ (Ba,Eu)2Si5N8 + 5H2 + N2

Si3N4 + Y + Sr + Ce (or Eu) →→→→ SrYSi4N7:Eu2+ or Ce3+

fired at 1400℃℃℃℃ (12 h) and 1600℃℃℃℃ (16 h) under 5%H2-95%N2

(J. Solid State Chem. 2004, 177, 5687)

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Blue-LED excitable (Ba1-xEux)2Si5N8 phosphors

x = 0.14 0.29 0.41

x = 0.52 0.81 1.16

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Blue-LED excitable (Ba1-xEux)2Si5N8 phosphors

x = 0.14 0.29 0.41

x = 0.52 0.81 1.16

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MM22SiSi55NN88:Eu:Eu2+2+(3%) M = (3%) M = Ca,Sr,BaCa,Sr,Ba

621 nm

Quantum efficiency = 72%

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Siloxynitride Phosphors

1. Li et al. Chem. Mater. (2005)

(1-x) MCO3 +SiO2 + Si3N4 + x/2 Eu2O3 (1%<x<10%) →→→→ MSi2O2N2

Ball-milled 4-5h in 2-Propanol;

heated at 1100-1400℃℃℃℃ for 6-12 h under N2-H2(10%)

2. US Patent 6632379 (2003)2. US Patent 6632379 (2003)

Si3N4 + R2O3 + CaO + AlN (79:1.5:2.2:15.8) →→→→

(CaxMy)(Si,Al)12(O,N)16 (R = Eu,Tb,Yb,Er)

Compacted under a pressure of 200 kg/cm2 and then hot-pressure sintered at 200 MPa at 1700℃℃℃℃, 1 h

3. US Patent 2004/0155225 (2004). US Patent 2004/0155225 (2004)MO + Si3N4 + AlN + Ln2O3→→→→

MxSi12-(m+n) Alm+nOnN16-n:Lny

At 1200-1800℃℃℃℃ under N2 pressure of 10 atm.

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530~570 nm (green-yellow)SrSi2O2- δδδδ N2+2/3δδδδ:Eu2+

(δδδδ≈≈≈≈1)

560 nm (yellow)CaSi2O2- δδδδ N2+2/3δδδδ:Eu2+

(δδδδ≈≈≈≈0)

490~500 nm (blue-green)BaSi2O2N2:Eu2+

MSi2O2-δδδδN2+2/3δδδδ (M=Ca, Sr, Ba)(Chem. Mater. 2005, 17, 3242)

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(Li et al. Chem. Mater. (2005))MM0.90.9EuEu0.10.1SiSi22OO22--yyN N 2+2/3y2+2/3y

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PL and PLE spectra for with M0.9Eu0.1Si2O2-yN 2+2/3y ((((M = (a) Ca, (b) Sr, and (c) Ba.))))

Li et al. Chem. Mater. (2005)

M0.9Eu0.1Si2O2-yN 2+2/3y

M = Sr

M = Ba

M = Ca

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Phosphor blends for generating white light from near-UV/blue light-emitting devices ( General Electric Co., US6685852, 2004)

重要專利與內容分析重要專利與內容分析重要專利與內容分析重要專利與內容分析

Range of excitation: 350-410 nm

Sr2P2O7:Eu,Mn

(Ca,Sr,Ba)(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH):Eu2+,Mn2+

(Ba,Sr,Ca)2MgAl16O27:Eu2+,Mn2+

(Ca,Sr,Ba)(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH):Eu2+

Sr4Al14O25:Eu2+

Mg4O5.5GeF:Mn4+

(Ba,Sr,Ca)2MgAl16O27:Eu2+

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CIE chromaticity coordinates for the seven phosphors.

Blendes of these phosphors producing white light

US Patent 6685852

Sr4Al14O25:Eu2+

(Ba,Sr,Ca)2MgAl16O27:Eu2+,Mn2+

Mg4O5.5GeF:Mn4+

(Ba,Sr,Ca)2MgAl16O27:Eu2+

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*Phosphors Excitable with Ultraviolet LEDs

US Patent 6,255,670

General Electric Co. (2001)

UVLED excitable phosphor

A2XSi2O7:Eu2+ (A = Ba, Sr, Ca; X = Mg, Zn)XAl2O4:Eu2+ (X = Sr, Ba)BaMg2Al16O27:Eu2+ ,Mn2+

Ba2SiO4:Eu2+

Ba2(Mg,Zn)Si2O7:Eu2+

BaMg2Al16O27:Eu2+ or (Sr,Ca,Ba)5(PO4)3Cl:Eu2+

Y2O3:Eu,Bi (R)

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PL and PLE spectra for Y2O3:Eu and A2XSi2O7:Eu2+ (A:Ba, Sr, Ca; X: Mg, Zn)

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US Patent 6,255,670 General Electric Co. (2001)

UV-LED excitable phosphors

YBO3:Ce,Tb

Ba2Al10O7:Eu2+,Mn2+

(Sr,Ca,Ba) (Al,Ga)2S4:Eu2+

Y3Al5O12:CeY2O2S :Eu3+,Bi YVO4 :Eu3+,Bi

SrY2S4 :Eu3+

(Ca,Sr)S :Eu3+ SrS:Eu3+

US Patent 6,294,800

General Electric Co. (2001)

LED UV (350-400 nm) excitable phosphors

Ca8Mg(SiO4)4Cl2:Eu,Mn(G)

20-50 wt%

Y2O3:Eu,Bi, 40-80 wt%

BaMg2Al16O27:Eu2+ or

(Sr,Ca,Ba)5(PO4)3Cl:Eu2+ (B)

5-25 wt%

Phosphors Excitable with Ultraviolet LEDs