Phylum Coelenterata 09.ppt

8/10/2019 Phylum Coelenterata 09.ppt

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Phylum Coelenterata

(phylum Cnidaria)

Zoology

October 14, 2014Mrs. McCarthy
http://www.glaucus.org.uk/Pelagia-notiluca-JG.jpg


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I. Classification

A. 2 phylum names

1. Coelenterata hollow gut2. Cnidaria nettle


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II. Basic Characteristics

A. Tissue level

1. Sac like body with 3 layers

a. epidermisb. mesoglea

c. gastrodermis

2. Gastrovascular cavity

hollow internal body cavityB. Nervous system

1. Nerve net nerves evenlyspaced

2. Statocysts structures forbalance (hollow ball of cellswith a grain of sand)

3. Ocelli light sensitivestructure


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C. Tentacles

1. Capture food

2. Cnidoblast/cnidocyte cellthat contains the stingingorganelle

3. Nematocyst stinging organelle

a. capsule with coiledharpoon containingtoxins

b. Operculum flap thatholds the coil inside

c. Stimulated by touch andchemicals


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D. Habitat

1. Mostly shallow, marine

2. Pelagic open water3. Benthic bottom dweller

4. Symbiosis

a. on other animals shells

b. with algae that provideenergy from

photosynthesis


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E. Reproduction

1. Polymorphism manyshapes

2. Polyp sessile, tentacles up

3. Medusa floating, tentaclesdown

4. Many alternate forms

5. Asexual reproduction

a. budding

b. regeneration

6. Sexual reproduction

a. mostly dioecious


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III. Class Hydrozoa water animal

A. Hydra freshwater polyp

1. Basal disk at the bottom2. 6 10 tentacles

3. Hypostome raised area

around the mouth4. Eat small crustaceans,

insect larvae, tiny worms


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5. Locomotion

a. sliding along on basal disk

b. inch wormc. floating with gas bubble

d. epitheliomuscular cells forcovering and contraction


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6. Reproduction

a. asexual

b. sexual1. Sperm released

into water

2. Eggs fertilized infemale

3. Ciliated larva is

released, developsinto adult


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B. Hydroid colonies

1. genus Obeliapolymorphic

life cycle


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C. Portuguese Man-O-War

1. genusPhysalia

2. Floating colony ofindividual animals

3. Pneumatophore the float

on the surface
http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/invertebrates/portuguese-man-of-war.html


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IV. Class Scyphozoa cup animal

A. genusAureliacommon

jellyfishB. Thick mesoglea

C. Tentacles can be up to 70 m

D. Dioecious, polymorphic lifecycle


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V. Class Cubozoa cube animal

A. Square shaped medusa

B. Australian box jelly one of themost poisonous animals in theworld

Chironex fleckeri(the sea wasp) is the deadliest

jellyfish in the ocean.


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Box Jelly sting scars

box jelly link
http://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.bugbog.com/images/main/australia/box_jelly_3.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.bugbog.com/travel_safety/dangerous_animals/jellyfish_stings.html&usg=__lC_fd8AQ7tZk5qhUB_ij3lEj2W4=&h=169&w=171&sz=5&hl=en&start=26&ithttp://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.bugbog.com/images/main/australia/box_jelly_3.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.bugbog.com/travel_safety/dangerous_animals/jellyfish_stings.html&usg=__lC_fd8AQ7tZk5qhUB_ij3lEj2W4=&h=169&w=171&sz=5&hl=en&start=26&it


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Two concepts are key to treating box jellyfish stings. One is to preventfiring of any undischarged nematocysts remaining on the skin, thus

preventing the injury from getting worse. The second is to treat thesymptoms and pain caused by already-fired nematocysts. Thefollowing first aid treatment, based on current Australian research, isrecommended for the stings of all species of box jellyfish:

Immediately flood the area with household vinegar to keepundischarged nematocysts from firing. This does not relieve pain, but

prevents additional stings.

Never rub the area with sand or anything else. Irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature tap

water for at least 15 minutes. If vision blurs, or the eyes continue totear, hurt, swell, or are light sensitive after irrigating, see a doctor.

Pluck off any vinegar-soaked tentacles with a stick or other tool.

If the victim has shortness of breath, weakness, muscle cramps,palpitations or any other generalized symptoms, take them to anemergency room.

For pain relief, apply ice packs. If pain becomes unbearable, go to anemergency room. No studies support applying heat to box jellyfishstings.


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Contradictory studies exist on the effectiveness of meattenderizer, baking soda, papaya, or commercial sprays(containing aluminum sulfate and detergents) on

nematocyst stings. These substances may cause furtherdamage. Some kinds of meat tenderizer, for instance, cancause skin peeling. In one U.S. fatality from the box

jellyfish, Chiropsalmus quadrumanus, rescuers placedmeat tenderizer almost immediately on the affected arm.

The child was soon comatose and later died.

Alcohol and human urine are common nematocystremedies, but both can be harmful. An Australian study

reports that both alcohol and urine caused massivedischarge of box jellyfish nematocysts.


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VI. Class Anthozoa flower animal

A. Large gastrovascular cavity

separated by mesenteries toincrease surface area fordigestion

B. genusMetridiumseaanemone

1. Live symbiotically with

algae, crabs, and clown fish3. Some are protandrous


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C. Corals are colonial

1. True corals have secreted calcareouscups

2. Thorny corals are branched3. Tube anemones

4. Hermatypic corals reefbuilding

a. fringing reef close toland mass with a verynarrow lagoon

b. barrier reef parallel to

shore with a wide, deeplagoon

c. atoll encircles a lagoon,usually on a submerged

volcano


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Cl ifi ti


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Classification

Kingdom Animalia

Phylum Coelenterata (Cnidaria)

Class Hydrozoa

Hydra

Genus Obelia

GenusPhysaliaPortuguese Man-o-warClass Scyphozoa

GenusAureliaCommon jellyfish

Class Cubozoa

Australian Box Jellyfish

Class Anthozoa

GenusMetridium Sea anemone

Corals


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Phylum Coelenterata 09.ppt