PLANT REPRODUCTION

SCIENCE : SCI 21102MATHAYOM 1

PLANT REPRODUCTION

This is process which use for maintain group of life. Separate to be 2 types : Sexual reproduction and Asexual reproduction

Part 1

Sexual Reproduction

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Sexual Reproduction (การสื�บพั�นธุ์��แบบอาศั�ยเพัศั

ของพั�ช)Sperm

Egg

Embryo

New Plan

t

Flower

Fruit

Male

Female

1. Flower Structure

Structure of a flower: part of the plant that contains the reproductive organs.Stigma: part of the pistil that receives the pollen.Style: central part of the pistil.Ovary: lower part of the pistil which produces eggs.Pistil: the set of female parts of a flower.Receptacle: part of the flower to which the other parts are attached.Pedicel: the stalk supporting the flower.Sepal: each parts of the calyx of a flower.Petal: each parts of the corolla of a flower.Filament: male reproductive organ of a flower.Anther: part of the stamen that produces the pollen.

Flower Structure

Stamen

1) By Four Basic Component Reference

2. Flower ClassificationComplete Flower Structure

1) By Four Basic Component Reference

2. Flower ClassificationComplete Flower Structure

Sample Picture Of Complete Flower Structure

1) By Four Basic Component Reference

2. Flower ClassificationIncomplete Flower Structure

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Sample Picture Of Incomplete Flower Structure

2) By Stamen & Carpel Component ReferencePerfect Flower

Sample Picture Of Perfect Flower

2) By Stamen & Carpel Component ReferenceImperfect Flower

Sample Picture Of Imperfect Flower

3. Fertilization of FlowerMain 2 Steps of fertilization ;1) Pollination

2) Fertilization

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Pollination

Self Pollination

Cross Pollination

1) Pollination

1. Pollination

Pollination is the process by which pollen is transferred in plants

1.1 Self PollinationSelf pollination : Pollen is transferred within flower itself

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Cross flower but same plantCross pollination: Pollen is transferred cross over flower

1.2 Cross Pollination

Generate Of Pollen Tube

Generate Of Pollen Tube

2. Fertilization

For the process of fertilization, tile pollen grains are carried to stigma of ovary by wind or insects (pollination). On the stigma, the pollen grains germinate to give out tubular structures, the pollen tubes. Only one pollen tube under the direction of pollen nucleus (tube nucleus) grows down the style and enters the ovary. In the ovary, the pollen tube makes its way through the micro-pyle of the ovule or embryo sac. Both sperm nuclei pass through the pollen tube and enter the embryo sac. Because the pollen tube and pollen nucleus now have no function and degenerate. Out of two sperm nuclei, one sperm nucleus unites with the egg nucleus to form a zygote nucleus, which in later stages develops into an embryo.

2.1Gametogenesis

2.2 Fertilization Process1) Pollination

Pollination takes place immediately before the anthesis.  Anthers elevate by elongating the stamen filaments, and untimately they go out the spikelet during anthesis.

2.2 Fertilization Process

2.2 Fertilization Process

2.2 Fertilization Process

1) Pollination

2.2 Fertilization Process

2) Pollen Germination

The pollen left on stigma starts to germinate, to grow pollen tube toward the egg cell. Pollen tubes are the pathways for sperm to reach the egg.

2.2 Fertilization Process

3) Penetration of PollenTube into the Ovule

The pollen tube reaches the ovule. It happens after the pollen tube starts growing.  

2.2 Fertilization Process

4) Fertilization

2.2 Fertilization Process

5) Division of the Fertilized Egg (Zygote)

Fertilization is completed. In the following morning, the fertilized egg begins cell division to develop into an embryo.

An embryo is a baby of the plant, which is kept dormant in the seed until the right condition for germination comes.

2.3 Changed After FertilizationEgg+Sperm 1 Embryo

Ovary Fruit

Ovary wall Seed Coat or Fruit meat

Polar Nuclei+Sperm 2 Endosperm

Ovule Seed

Integument Seed coat

Antipodal & Synergid Decompose

Carpel, Petal and other Declined

4. FruitAlmost growth up from

ovary after fertilization but some fruit growth up from pollen activate or hormone so none have seed

FruitSimple fruit

Multiple fruit

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Aggregate fruit

4.1 Simple Fruit Generate from one ovary and one flower1) One ovule in ovary -> Single

Seed of Simple Fruit

2) Several ovule in ovary -> Multiple seed of Simple Fruit

4.2 Aggregate Fruit

1) Each ovary growth up be Each fruit on same sepals

2) Tighten ovary on sepals seem be simple fruit

Generate several ovary in one flower -> One ovary growth up be one fruit

4.3 Multiple Fruit Generate from group

ovary, each flower have only one ovary -> Each ovary growth up be each fruit and merge be same fruit seem be simple fruit

Part 2

Asexual Reproduction

1. Asexual Propagation1) Shoot

1. Asexual Propagation2) Root

1. Asexual Propagation3) Leave

1. Asexual Propagation4) Tuber

1. Asexual Propagation5) Branch

2. Other Propagation1. Layering

2. Budding

3. Approach Grafting

4. Tissue Culture

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