Plc Ans Scada Project

8/6/2019 Plc Ans Scada Project

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PPLC BASEDLC BASED

INDUSTRIALINDUSTRIAL

PNEUMATICPNEUMATIC

ACTUATOR ANDACTUATOR AND

SCADASCADA


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SCSC

INTRODUCTION

PLC (programmablelogic controller) is adevice which is usefor industrialapplication , tocontrol complexconsumer electronicproducts. Plc is themost demandabletechnology in

consumer market asit efficiently controlindustrialequipments.


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CONTENTS

PLC BASICS PLC BLOCK DIAGRAME PLC COMPONENTS

PLC APPLICATION LADDER LOGIC LADDER PROGRAMMING

PLC BASED INDUSTRIALPNEUMATICACTUATOR SCADA


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PLC BASICS

A programmable logiccontroller(PLC) orprogrammablecontrolleris adigital computerused for

automation ofelectromechanicalprocesses, such ascontrol of machinery onfactory assembly lines,

amusement rides, orlighting fixtures.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromechanicalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromechanicalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_computer


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PROGRAMABLE LOGICCONTROL A PLC is an example of a

hardreal time systemsince output resultsmust be produced inresponse to inputconditions within abounded time,otherwise unintendedOperation will result.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real-time_computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real-time_computing


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PLCThey are based on the Boolean logic operationswhereas some models use timers and some have

continuous control. These devices are computerbased and are used to control various process andequipments within a facility. PLCs control thecomponents in the DCS and SCADA systems but

they are primary components in smaller controlconfigurations.

*DCSDistributed Control Systems consists ofdecentralized elements and all the processes are

INDUSTRIAL CONTROL

SYSTEMS


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FEATURE

The main differencefrom othercomputers is thatPLCs are armored

for severeconditions (suchas dust, moisture,heat, cold) and

have the facility forextensiveinput/output (I/O)arrangements.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Input/outputhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Input/output


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Discfription of Function ofPLC These connect the PLC to sensors and

actuators. PLCs read limit switches,analog process variables (such as

temperature and pressure), and thepositions of complex positioningsystems. Some use machine vision.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actuatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_visionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_visionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actuatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensor


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On the actuator side, PLCs operateelectric motors, pneumatic orhydrauliccylinders, magnetic relays, solenoids,

or analog outputs. The input/outputarrangements may be built into asimple PLC, or the PLC may haveexternal I/O modules attached to a

computer network that plugs into thePLC.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_motorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumatichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumatichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_motor


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ADVANTAGES

Rugged and designed to withstandvibrations, temperature, humidity, andnoise.

* Have interfacing for inputs andoutputs already inside the controller.

* Easily programmed and have aneasily understood programminglanguage


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PLC APPLICATION

*In automated system, PLC controller isusually the central part of a processcontrol system.

*To run more complex processes it ispossible to connect more PLCcontrollers to a central computer


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BLOCK DIG OF PLC


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Input and Output Units (I/O) Inputs are wired to sensing devices such

as button keypads, selector switches,photocells, motion detectors, etc. Ifan input senses that a sensor isclosed, the input converts the voltageto a logic 1 signal understood by theCPU to be ON. A logic 1 signalindicates an On or CLOSED state,

and a logic 0 signal indicates an OFFor OPEN state.

Ouputs are wired to switching devicessuch as lights, garage doors, heatingsystems, and other householdappliances. Outputs switch thesupplied control voltage thatenergizes or de-energizes theswitching devices. If an output is

turned ON by the CPU, the controlvoltage is switched to activate theswitching device.


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Central Processing Unit (CPU) Within the CPU are the digital processor,

memory, and power supply. Thesecomponents interact to solve applicationlogic and pass control signals to theoutputs. The CPU reads the convertedinput signals, executes the user logicprogram stored in its memory, then writes

the appropriate output signals to theswitching devices. The applicationprogram is written in a language calledladder logic.


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LADDER LOGIC

Ladder programming fed to plcto perform task by codessoftware.


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Programming language that is used tocontrol Allen Bradley SLC-500 systemknown as ladder logic. There are threebasic elements associated with theorganization ladder logic: Rungs Instructions Branches


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INSTRUCTIONSLadder Logic Instruction is divided into 2 parts:

Input instructions:Displayed on the left side of the ladder. Check,comparison, or the specific conditions.

Output instructions:Published on the right side.

The key point about the instructions: Added instructions displayed on the left side of therungs while the output instructions are always displayed

on the right side of the rungs.

A rung does not require any input instructions, butmust contain at least one output instruction


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BRANCHESBranches used in ladder logic to createdifferent paths that directly read the state ofinputs and outputs.

Bit instructions.Bit instructions are instructions that ladderlogic instructions execute or change a singlebit of data table files. Here are three types ofbit instructions:

Conditional input instructions.Non-retentive output instructions.Retentive output bit instructions.


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FLOW CHART


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When the actuator reaches forward reedswitch, the backward error timer will ON,the forward error timer and solenoid valvewill turn OFF so the actuator willautomatically move backward. If theactuator does not reach backward reedswitch in 10 seconds, alarm will betriggered. Once it reaches backward reed

switch withing 10 seconds, 1 cycle hasbeen completed and the program ends


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LADDER LOGICCONTROL OF

PNEUMATICACTUATOR


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pneumatic actuatorsystems, which usecompressed air totransmit motion


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PLC APPLICATIONS
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SCADA

Where Programming Comes In All of this requires that physical conditions be translated into

machine language and then signals that humans can read,record and analyze. Thus a full fledged SCADA system has tocomprise of both hardware and software elements. Todayssophisticated SCADA systems include input/output signaldevices, control equipment, HMI (Human Machine Interface),networking, communication systems, databases andsoftware.

Thus SCADA system development involves programming atvarious levels. Data collected at the RTU has to be convertedinto signals, and for interpreting this data an operator requiresHMI. Often the data also has to be compiled and stored(history databases) for recognizing trends and analysis work.Thus customized database systems have to be developed.Networks, communication systems etc bring in more variedrequirements for programming


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PLC AND SCADA FUTURE

RELIABLE USE IN SNSTIVE AREAS

CONTROL COMLEXINDUSTRIAL

SYSTEMS


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PLC: Location in the controlarchitecture Enterprise Netwo

directly connected

I/O

Control Bus(e.g. Ethernet)

Engineerstation

I/O

I/O

I/O

I/O

CPU

Sensor Bus (e.g. ASI)

Field Bus

gateway

Field Stations

Control Stationwith Field Bus

direct I/O

I/O

Field DevicesFB

gateway

gateway

I/O

I/O

I/O

I/O

CPU

COM

I/O

I/O

I/O

COM

CPU

COM

COM

COM

I/O

Field Bus

CPU

COM

2

I/O

I/O

I/O

CPU

COM1

COM

2

I/O

CPU

Operatorstation

largePLCs

small PLC

PLCPLC

COM1

COM1

SupervisorStation

data concentrators,not programmable,but configurable


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Programming environment

laptop

download

symbols

code

variablemonitoringand

forcingfor debugging

firmware

network

configuration, editor,compiler, library

PLC


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PLC BASED PNEUMATICACTUATOR

it is only a small partof automation. A lotmore can be donebut that is the basicto move a

pneumatic actuatorwhich is largelyused in industriessuch as automotive

manufacturing.


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THANK YOU

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Plc Ans Scada Project