PLC Papers - Cloud Object Storage | Store & Retrieve Data … · · 2017-02-28PLC Papers Created For: Year 11 C1 Revision Complete set questions by the date given

PLC Papers

Created For:

Year 11 C1 Revision

Complete set questions by the date given

Commissioned by The PiXL Club Ltd. © Copyright The PiXL Club Ltd, 2016

CORE C1.1.1 Describe what atoms and elements are and recognise symbols

Question 1

1. Define an element

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(1 mark)

2. Complete the following sentence using the words below:

Carbon is an …………………………………………….. made up of carbon ………………………………….. The symbol for

carbon is………………. such as the symbol Mg stand for…………………………………………………..

compound element atoms mixtures C Co Magnesium Manganese

(4 marks)

Total 5 marks


AQA CORE- C1.1.1 Recall the atomic structure and relative mass and charges

QWC

Question: Describe the structure of an atom including the relative masses and charges.

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(Total 6 marks)

https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=structure+

of+an+atom&safe=active&source=lnms&tbm=

isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj5z9Kh7efKAhUHthQ

KHVSRANIQ_AUIBygB&biw=1440&bih=806&d

pr=1.5&surl=1#imgrc=HA-7hwjpfGPSAM%3A

https://www.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.bbc.co.uk/staticarchive/47d747edbb666ccbb5fb584b412c1f5ec4238f8c.png&imgrefurl=http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/intermediate2/chemistry/building_blocks/structure_of_atom/revision/2/&h=277&w=516&tbnid=HA-7hwjpfGPSAM:&docid=mUQCIIdOQJldsM&ei=21-4VoPvBsbnUtXRqpAO&tbm=isch&ved=0ahUKEwjDyJSl7efKAhXGsxQKHdWoCuIQMwhHKB0wHQ



AQA CORE C1.1.1 Use the periodic table to calculate sub-atomic particle numbers

Question 1

1. State the element which has 6 protons.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(1 marks)

2.

https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=elements&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiN5IyDvIHLAhXHhhoKHSigCV4Q

_AUIBygB&biw=1440&bih=806#tbm=isch&q=magnesium+protons&imgrc=_

State the sub atomic particles which make up the mass number.

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(2 marks)

3. How many protons, neutrons and electrons does magnesium have?

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(3 marks)

Total 6 marks

https://www.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.functionalps.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/magnesium.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.stylepinner.com/magnesium-mass-number/bWFnbmVzaXVtLW1hc3MtbnVtYmVy/&h=589&w=617&tbnid=js2MuA4kEsgfmM:&docid=QeRQ8y8qX6RgmM&ei=Hc7FVsDqGsm2a7LjicgE&tbm=isch&ved=0ahUKEwiA7cKivIHLAhVJ2xoKHbJxAkk4yAEQMwgmKCMwIw


AQA CORE C1.1.2 Describe the reactions of group 1 elements with water and oxygen

1. What gas is produced when group 1 metals react with water?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(1 mark)

2: Describe the trend between group 1 metals and the gas collected.

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(Total 4 marks)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

1 2 3 4 5 6

Ga

s p

rod

uce

d/c

m3

time/seconds

Group 1 gas rate production

Lithium Sodium Potassium



AQA CORE- C1.1.2 Explain the unreactive properties of the Nobel gases

Question 1

1. Describe why argon is used in light filament light bulbs.

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(2 marks)

2. State which group of the periodic table is unreactive and explain why.

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(2 marks)

3. Which elements is used in signed for illuminated writing?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(1 mark)

Total 5 marks



AQA CORE C1.1.3 Be able to write word equation for simple reactions

Question 1

1. Write the word equation for when sodium mixtures with water to produce sodium hydroxide and

hydrogen.

………………………………… + ……………………………………………… →………………………………………+…………………………….

(2 marks)

2. Ethane + oxygen → Carbon dioxide and water

State everything this equation tells you about the reaction.

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(4 marks)

Total 6 marks


AQA CORE C1.1.3 Describe that elements react by sharing or losing/gaining electrons

Question 1

1. Complete the sentences using the words below:

When ……………….. react, their atoms join with other atoms to form ……………………... This involves

giving, taking or …………………….. electrons to form …………… or molecules.

If a metal loses an electron it becomes…………………………………… and a non-metal that gains the

electrons becomes………………………………

(6 marks)

2. Explain how does a diatomic oxygen molecule forms.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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(2 marks)

Total 8 marks

Compounds elements atoms mixtures sharing donating

Ions negative neutral positive


AQA CORE C.1.3 Explain the principle of conservation of mass

Question 1

1. State the what is meant by the term conservation of mass.

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(1 marks)

2. For the thermal decomposition reaction of calcium carbonate, work out how much carbon dioxide is

formed when 100 tonnes of calcium carbonate produce 66 tonnes of calcium oxide.

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(2 marks)

3. Explain why we must always balance equations if we are to produce a true representation of the reaction.

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(2 marks)

Total 5 marks


AQA CORE C1.2.1 Describe the thermal decomposition of carbonates

Question 1

1. Name the type of reaction that takes place when calcium carbonate is strongly heated and name the

products formed.

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(3 marks)

2.

Type of carbonate Mass lost/g

Calcium carbonate 150

Magnesium carbonate 100

Copper carbonate 24

What type of graph would you produce for the experiment above?

…………………………………………………………….

From the data above explain which is the most reactive carbonate.

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(3 marks)

Total 6 marks



AQA CORE C1.2.1 Evaluate the extraction and use of limestone

QWC

Question: Evaluate the effects of quarrying limestone.

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https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=quarrying+

limestone&safe=active&tbm=isch&tbo=u&sou

rce=univ&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjBzbvd8-

fKAhXFfRoKHUTNC7gQsAQINQ&biw=1440&bi

h=806&surl=1#imgrc=NZpBm7fXn6pdfM%3A

https://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiG2sGL9OfKAhWK1xQKHcIbCssQjRwIBw&url=http://www.longcliffe.co.uk/limestone/industry-history.asp&psig=AFQjCNFXoDMf6kG_mA5fwoXEcDZ-U-aUiw&ust=1455011871226941


……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(Total 6 marks)


AQA CORE C1.2.1 Recall the reactions of calcium carbonate/other metal carbonates

Question 1

1. When calcium oxide reacts with water what compound is produced?

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(1 mark)

2. Describe one use of calcium hydroxide

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(2 marks)

3. Describe the test for carbon dioxide

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(2 marks)

4. Describe the process by which limestone produces concrete.

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(2 marks)

Total 7 marks



AQA CORE C1.3.1 Describe the different ways to extract copper and their impact

Question 1

1. Describe the processes of phytomining and bioleaching.

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(4 marks)

2. State two advantages of phytomining and bioleaching over traditional methods of copper ore extraction.

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(2 marks)

Total 6 marks



AQA CORE C1.3.1 Explain the importance of metal recycling; energy, cost and environment

QWC

Question: Explain why the government have set targets for recycling as it is considered such an important

issue. Include social, economic and environmental reasons.

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(Total 6 marks)

https://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=&url=http://ds.arcelormittal.com/construction/belux/17896/17899/language/NL&psig=AFQjCNHF4VrgvojeYHwYCZ4GRrzv_UNWnw&ust=1455917695944460



AQA CORE C1.3.1 Explain the relative reactivity of metals and how they are extracted

Question 1

1. Using the table below put the metals in order of reactivity

Metal Reaction with water Reaction with hot water Reaction with acid

Potassium yes yes Yes

Iron no No yes

Gold no no No

Magnesium no no yes

highest……………………… ……………………………… …………………………… ………………………………… lowest.

(2 marks)

2. From the table above state a metal that can be extracted using carbon

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(1 marks)

3. Explain why Aluminium is more expensive to extract than iron.

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(1 marks)

4. Metals that are found native in the Earth’s crust are ………………………………….. so are not found bonded to any

other elements.

Metals above hydrogen but below carbon can be extracted by ………………………………….. using carbon as they

are……………………………… reactive than carbon.

Metals above carbon are extracted using …………………………………………..

(4 marks)

Total 8 marks



AQA CORE C1.3.3 Describe the properties and uses of transition metals especially copper

Question 1

The ……………………………………….. metals are located in the centre of the ……………………………….. table. The have

many useful properties which make them useful metals.

(2 marks)

2. Link the metal to the use and property.

(6 marks)

Total 8 marks

Periodic electrical transition group 1 copper

Copper

steel

Aluminium

Aero planes

Electrical

wiring

Cutlery Light

weight

Resists

correction

Good conductor

of electricity


AQA CORE C1.4.1 Describe crude oil as a mixture

Question 1

1. Use the words below to fill in the missing words.

Crude oil is a ……………………………………….. consisting of different elements and compounds that are not

chemically …………………………………… together. Crude oil is primarily made up of molecules containing

……………………………….. and ……………………………… Most of these molecules are saturated ………………………….

The mixture can be separated by ………………………………… ………………………………………..

(6 marks)

Total 6 marks

Compound fractional distillation element mixture nitrogen

hydrogen oxygen carbon bonded separated

alkanes alkenes cracking


AQA CORE C1.4.2 Describe what fractional distillation of hydrocarbons is

Question 1

1.Use the words to fill in the gaps.

……………………………………….. distillation is the method by which …………………………… ………………………….. is

separated. The mixture is first ……………………………………. and then ……………………………………. At different

temperatures depending on their ……………………………………….. ………………………………..

(5 marks)

2. Fractional distillation produces many different produces with different properties. From the table below

choose three properties that change as the carbon chain shortens.

Property Tick √

Becomes more flammable

Becomes lighter in colour

Becomes less viscous

Becomes less volatile

Becomes less flammable

Becomes less useful

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…

(3 marks)

Total 8 marks

Melting points boiling points evaporated mixed fractional

cracking condensed crude oil alkanes


AQA CORE C1.4.2 Recall the general formula for alkanes and name and draw the first 4

Question 1

1. Please circle the correct response.

unsaturated

Alkanes are compounds

saturated

(1 mark)

2. Circle the correct general formula for an alkane from the choices below.

CnH2n+2 CnH2n CH2n+2 CnH3n

(1 mark)

3. Using the general formula identify the alkane from below. please circle the correct one.

C5H10 C4H12C4H10 C4H8 C4H6

(1 mark)

4.If methane is drawn as below.

H

H C H

H

Draw the structures of butane (2 carbon atoms) and propane (3 carbon atoms)

(2 marks)

Total 5 marks



AQA CORE C1.4.3 Describe hydrocarbons as fuels and recall the products of burning

Question 1

1.Using the words below complete the following sentences.

Bunsen burners use……………………………………

When the air hole is open the Bunsen burners undergo …………………………… …………………………………………

When the air hole is closed the Bunsen burners undergo …………………………………. ………………………………….

The products of complete combustion are ………………………. and …………………………… …………………………….

One product of incomplete combustion is………………………………………………. …………………………………….

(6 marks)

Total 6 marks

Complete combustion water oxygen sulfur dioxide carbon dioxide

Carbon particles incomplete combustion methane butane


AQA CORE C1.4.3 Discuss the environmental impact of fuels; global warming/dimming and acid rain

Question 1

1. Circle from the options below two of the three fossil fuels

Petrol Coal Gas wood Wind

(2 marks)

2. Link the pollutant boxes to the correct pollution

(3 marks)

Total 5 marks

Sulphur dioxide

Carbon dioxide

Carbon particles Global warming

Global dimming

Acid rain


AQA CORE C1.4.3 Evaluate the production and use of biofuels

Question 1

Fuel Melting point/°C Flash point/°C Energy produced/MJ

Petrol -57 -45 34.8

Rapeseed oil +57 +130 32.8

1.Using your knowledge and the table above evaluate replacing petrol with rapeseed oil. Ensure you include a

justified conclusion.

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(6 marks)

Total 6 marks


AQA CORE C1.5.1 Describe the cracking of hydrocarbons

Question 1

1.Using the words below complete the sentences.

Cracking of …………………………………… ………………………………… hydrocarbons to produce ……………………………

……………………………… hydrocarbons and …………………………… It is a ……………………………………..

………………………………. reaction which uses………………………………….. to breakdown the reactant into two or more

………………………………………..

(6 marks)

Total 6 marks

Long chain short chain thermal decomposition heat products

ethane ethene reactants air


AQA CORE C1.5.1 Describe the test for alkenes with Bromine water

Question 1

1. Using the words below to complete the following sentences.

Alkanes and …………………………… are two forms of hydrocarbon, in order to distinguish between them you

can use ………………………… ……………………………….. In the presence of a carbon, carbon ………………………. bond

it goes from………………………………….. to ……………………………………..

(5 marks)

Total 5 marks

Ethane hydrocarbons alkenes single double

clear orange brown colourless


AQA CORE C1.5.1 Recall general formula of alkenes and name and draw the first 2

Question 1

1.State the general formula for alkenes

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(1 mark)

2. Draw the structure of

Ethene Propene

(2 marks)

3. Explain why Methene can never exist as an alkene

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(2 marks)

Total 5 marks


AQA CORE C1.5.2 Describe the process of polymerisation

Question 1

1. Name and describe the reaction above

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

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(3 marks)

2. Name the plastic made above.

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(1 mark)

3. State what must be present in any monomer.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…

(1 mark)

Total 5 marks

https://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwj6wp7c8onLAhWLORQKHXzCAhIQjRwIBw&url=http://www.bsquaredfutures.com/pluginfile.php/274/mod_imscp/content/1/lo_5-1-scorm/lo_5-1-scorm/page3.html&psig=AFQjCNGqQBfpuIUAvlV2Krn2rWEEmWDhcA&ust=1456179818683025



AQA CORE C1.5.2 Evaluate biodegradable and non biodegradable polymers

Question 1

1. Plastic bags can now be made from corn starch which makes them biodegradable. What is meant by

the term biodegradable?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(1 mark)

2. Suggest two reasons why biodegradable plastic bags have been developed.

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(2 marks)

3. Suggest two reasons biodegradable bags are preferred to recycling traditional plastic bags.

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(2 marks)

Total 5 marks


AQA CORE C1.5.2 Recall the uses and impact of polymers from crude oil

Question 1

1. Link the polymer to the use.

(3 marks)

2. Explain why we should recycle plastic bags rather than just throwing them away.

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(4 marks)

Total 7 marks

Baby’s nappies Polyethene- flexible and

lightweight

Plastic bags Hydrogel- absorbent and

lightweight

uPVC- ridged windows



AQA CORE C1.5.2 Recall the uses and impact of polymers from crude oil- DATA

Question 1

1.A nappy making company conducted an experiment to see how much liquid the new hydrogel lining could

hold.

They poured 50cm3 through two nappy linings and recorded the results.

Nappy pad Amount of liquid absorbed/ cm3 Mean/ cm3

1 2 3

A 30 35 33 33

B 45 33 32 32.5

Which test should be retested? Explain your choice.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

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(2 marks)

2. Suggest two control variables for this experiment.

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(2 marks)

3. Hydrogel is a plastic. Why is it considered environmentally unsound?

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(3 marks)

Total 7 marks



AQA CORE C1.5.3 Describe ethanol production methods and evaluate the environmental impact

Question 1

1. Describe the two methods of ethanol production.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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(2 marks)

2. Evaluate the two methods of ethanol production.

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(4 marks)

Total 6 marks



AQA CORE C1.6.1 Describe how oils are extracted from plant, nuts and seeds

Question 1

1.

Using the diagram above answer the following questions.

Steam is produced at point…………

Oil from the plant is turned into a gas at point…………..

Steam and water are condensed at point…………………

The oil is separated from the water at point………………………..

(4 marks)

2.Oil is ……………………. dense than water and so ……………………. on top of the oilwater.

(2 marks)

Total 6 marks

More less sinks floats heavy light

https://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwj9782vg4vLAhXE6RQKHdifAmAQjRwIBQ&url=http://georgepindarschool.co.uk/images/pdf/core-science/c1/plant-oils-and-their-uses.pdf&psig=AFQjCNENLw37k1pydFja5k5vexiVB77W1A&ust=1456218635389334



AQA CORE C1.6.1 Describe the uses of vegetable oils

Question 1

1. Explain how vegetables are made and their use in cooking.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(5 marks)

Total 5 marks


AQA CORE C1.6.2 Describe the making and advantages of emulsions

Question 1

1. Name an emulsion used in everyday life.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(1 mark)

2. Describe how an emulsion is formed.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(2 marks)

3. Explain why decorators use emulsion paint to cover walls.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(3 marks)

Total 6 marks

SOLUTIONS


AQA CORE C1.6.3 Evaluate the use, benefits, drawbacks of emulsifiers

Question 2

1. The mixture of egg yolk, oil and vinegar makes mayonnaise which is an example of an

(circle the appropriate response)

Emulsion Emulsifier compound element

(1 mark)

2. Suggest two reasons why emulsifiers are used in the food industry today.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(2 marks)

3.Suggest one advatantage and one disadvantage of using emulsifiers in our food.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(2 marks)

Total 6 marks

SOLUTIONS


Question 1: Suggested marking guidance (Total 6 marks)

Question Suggested Answers

1 Emulsion

2 Better texture

Better coating ability

A thicker consistency.

Better appearance

3 Adva

Better appearance

Allows immiscible liquid to mix and become stable

Disadvantages

People can be allergic to the emulsifier

Can increase the chance of heart disease.


AQA CORE C1.6.3 Recall that relative unsaturation of different vegetable

Question 2

1.

(3 marks)

2. Using the information below choose the healthiest fat and explain your answer.

Olive Sunflower Rapeseed

Saturated fat/% 6 12 8

Polyunsaturated fat/% 54 45 57

Monounsaturated fat/% 4 5 13

Fat……………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(3 marks)

Total 6 marks

Saturated fats Contains only one carbon,

carbon double bond

Monounsaturated fats

Polyunsaturated fats

Contains only carbon, carbon

single bonds

Contains many one carbon,

carbon double bond



AQA CORE C1.6.3 Recall the relative unsaturation of different vegetable

Question 1

1. Explain the difference between butter and spreads made from olive oil.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(2 marks)

2. Describe the difference between monounsaturated fat and polyunsaturated fat.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(2 marks)

3. Describe why people choose unsaturated fats over butter.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(2 marks)

Total 6 marks



AQA CORE C1.7.1 Describe the structure of the earth

Question 1

1. Circle the correct answer.

The structure of the Earth contains two/three/four layers.

(1 mark)

2. Link the layers to the descriptions below:

(3 marks)

3. Name the layer we live on.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

.

(1 mark)

Total 5 marks

Crust

Mantle

Core

A jam like substance that is the

widest layer

The very centre of the Earth

Contain mountains and

volcanoes

A mixture of gases and liquid



AQA CORE C1.7.1 Explain what tectonic plates are and how earthquakes and volcanoes are formed

Question 1

There are many different theories about how mountains forms.

1. State one reason why there are many different theories.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(1 mark)

2.

Describe the theory shown in the diagram above the explain how mountains formed.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(2 marks)

2. Explain one of the first every theories of mountain formation that likened the Earth to a wrinkled

apple.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(2 marks)

Total 5 marks

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AQA CORE C1.7.1 Explain why Wegener’s theory not accepted for many years

Question 1

Using your knowledge fill in the gaps below.

In 1915 Alfred Wegener developed a theory called ………………………. …………………………….. The theory

was not widely believed at the time as he could not prove it as he had no…………………………..

Years later evidence was found in the form of Africa and America fitting together like a

……………………… They found ……………………………… on different land masses and the …………………..

formations were similar on different land masses.

This all fit together when it was found that the Earth’s……………………………….. was split up into many

……………………………. plates which are moved by ………………………………….. ………………………………….. in the

………………………………….

(9 mark)

Total 9 marks


AQA CORE C1.7.2 Describe and explain the evolution of the atmosphere

Question 1

Using the information in the table.

Earth’s atmosphere millions of years ago Earth’s atmosphere today

Nitrogen 3% Nitrogen 78%

Oxygen trace Ooxygen 21%

Wwater 1% Wwater 1%

Carbon dioxide 95% Carbon dioxide trace

Atmospheric temperature -23°C Atmospheric temperature 15°C

1.State which two gases have changed and how their percentages have changed.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(4 marks)

2.Explain why the changes occurred to carbon dioxide and oxygen.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(3 marks)

Total 7 marks



AQA CORE C1.7.2 Explain where reservoirs of carbon are and the effect of combustion on CO2

Question 1

Using the words from the box complete the following sentences

……………………… ……………………. was the most abundant gas in the early atmosphere until it started to

decrease by forming carbon …………………… The three examples are that the gas

1. ………………………. in the oceans and seas

2. Was locked up in………………………… ……………………………

3. Was locked up in ……………………….. ……………………………

4. Taken in by plants for ………………………………………………

(6 marks)

2. Describe the problem of burning fossil fuels

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(2 marks)

Total 8 marks

Sulfur dioxide carbon dioxide sinks igneous rocks

Sedimentary rocks fossil fuels respiration photosynthesis dissolved


AQA CORE C1.7.2 Recall the constituents of the atmosphere

Question 1

1.Which gas makes up 78% of the atmosphere today?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(1 mark)

2. Which gas makes up 21% of the atmosphere today>

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(1 mark)

3. Describe what caused the increase in oxygen from our early atnosphereatmosphere

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(3 marks)

Total 5 marks


AQA Core HT ONLY C1.1.3 Be able to write and balance symbol equations

Question 1

1. Write the word and balanced symbol equation for when sodium reacts with chlorine.

…………………………………………. +……………………………………………→…………………………………… ………………………………

……….Na +……………….. → ……………NaCl

(5 marks)

Total 5 marks


AQA CORE HT ONLY C1.62 Describe the hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of emulsifiers

Question 1

1.

What does the diagram above show?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(1 mark)

Define the terms hydrophilic and hydrophobic

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(2 marks)

2.Explain how the diagram above helps oil and water to mix forming an emulsion

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(3 marks)

Total 6 marks

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AQA CORE HT ONLY C1.6.3 Describe the hydrogenation of vegetable oils

Question 1

1. Liquid fats such as …………………. ……………………… can be made into solid form at room temperature.

They undergo a process known as………………………………………………… In which the liquid has

…………………………… added to it at ………………………. in the presence of a ………………………..

……………………….

(5 marks)

1. Describe the one reason for the process above.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(1 mark)

Total 6 marks

Butter hydrogenation cracking iron catalyst nickel

catalyst 60°C 100°C Olive oil oxygen hydrogen



AQA CORE HT ONLT C1.7.2 Describe the Miller Urey experiment & primordial soup

Question 1

1. What theory did the Miller Urey try to prove with their experiment?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(1 mark)

2. Name the four gases present in the beginning of the experiment

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(2 marks)

3. What did the electric spark represent in the experiment

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(1 mark)

4. What did they find had been made after a few weeks

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…

(1 mark)

Total 5 marks


AQA CORE HT ONLY C1.7.2 Describe the fractional distillation of air

Question 1

1.Describe the fractional distillation of air

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(5 marks)

Total 5 marks

PLC Papers

Created For:

Year 11 C1 Revision

Complete set questions by the date given

SOLUTIONS


AQA CORE C1.1.1 Describe what atoms and elements are and recognise symbols.

Question 1

1. Define what an element is.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(1 mark)

2. Complete the following sentence using the words below:

Carbon is an …………………………………………….. made up of carbon ………………………………….. The symbol for

carbon is………………. such as the symbol Mg stand for…………………………………………………..

(4 marks)

Total 5 marks


Question SUGGESTED ANSWERS

1 A substance that is made up of only one type of atom (1 mark)

2 Element

Atoms

C

Magnesium (4 marks)

compound element atoms mixtures C Co magnesium manganese

SOLUTIONS


AQA CORE C1.1.1 Recall and draw the electron arrangement for the first 20 elements

Question 1

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sq2toHLAhUJAxoKHQ5TDXAQ_AUIBygB&biw=1440&bih=806&dpr=1.5#tbm=isch&tbs=rimg%3ACatZxxRnD3V7IjjoqaQMjbZZe

l5es19JXEO23RgqS3Dtra7m-kSQuF2R8H7USIbd9fU8sn6Qgto3-

HL6grNUNyZ8jSoSCeippAyNtll6EXe1DNF4C1tUKhIJXl6zX0lcQ7YRHMAlEz44b6AqEgndGCpLcO2trhFyheZUvV2mHCoSCeb6RJC4

XZHwEV75F9LlaIWMKhIJftRIht319TwRzlzSpgVpdaIqEgmyfpCC2jf4chEItd8R_1vdEFyoSCfqCs1Q3JnyNEeKJRMpIOb_1L&q=electro

n%20structure&imgrc=sqCyYQ6CqbKm8M%3A

Atom 1 Atom 2 Atom 3

1. State the two atoms that are in the same group and explain why.

Atom……………………………. and atom………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(2 mark)

2. State the two atoms that are in the same period and explain why.

Atom……………………………. and atom………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(2 mark)

3. There is no overall charge for an atom as the number of ………………………………………. Equals the number of

…………………………………………………

(1 mark)

Total 5 marks

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https://www.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.bbc.co.uk/staticarchive/10e835a77922aa13a83ef87e897332b1af0b12ae.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_ocr_gateway/periodic_table/atomstrucrev4.shtml&h=125&w=125&tbnid=-oKzVDcmfI0DfM:&docid=Fr0ADsFoKr38ZM&ei=DMnFVrmqM4H4asLus7gM&tbm=isch&ved=0ahUKEwi54KC4t4HLAhUBvBoKHUL3DMcQMwhNKCUwJQ

https://www.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.bbc.co.uk/staticarchive/d74da1a5c4105e9e1d92e45aaf2d2c9c807db94d.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_aqa_pre_2011/atomic/atomstrucrev4.shtml&docid=weE0TDOGS1yMdM&tbnid=ECT492eHNv64qM:&w=125&h=125&ved=0ahUKEwiyioSNt4HLAhWJ1RoKHUbbBQYQxiAIAygB&iact=c&ictx=1

https://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwijstngtoHLAhWDfxoKHS7uB18QjRwIBw&url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_ocr_pre_2011/periodic_table/electronsrev4.shtml&psig=AFQjCNH3D8EztMCA-9dnDzd8_Xz9TjN6rQ&ust=1455888845393031

SOLUTIONS




1 1 and 3, same number of electrons in the outer shell

2 1 and 2, same number of electron shells

3 Protons and electrons

SOLUTIONS


AQA CORE C1.1.1 Use the periodic table to calculate sub-atomic particle numbers

Question 1

1. State the element which has 6 protons.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(1 marks)

2.

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_AUIBygB&biw=1440&bih=806#tbm=isch&q=magnesium+protons&imgrc=_

State the sub atomic particles which make up the mass number.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(2 marks)

3. How many protons, neutrons and electrons does magnesium have?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(3 marks)

Total 6 marks



https://www.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.functionalps.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/magnesium.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.stylepinner.com/magnesium-mass-number/bWFnbmVzaXVtLW1hc3MtbnVtYmVy/&h=589&w=617&tbnid=js2MuA4kEsgfmM:&docid=QeRQ8y8qX6RgmM&ei=Hc7FVsDqGsm2a7LjicgE&tbm=isch&ved=0ahUKEwiA7cKivIHLAhVJ2xoKHbJxAkk4yAEQMwgmKCMwIw

SOLUTIONS


1 carbon

2 Protons and neutrons

3 12, 12, 12

4

5

SOLUTIONS


AQA CORE- C1.1.2 Explain the unreactive properties of the Nobel gases

Question 1

1. Describe why argon is used in light filament light bulbs.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(2 marks)

2. State which group of the periodic table is unreactive and explain why.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(2 marks)

3. Which elements is used in signed for illuminated writing?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(1 mark)

Total 6 marks

SOLUTIONS




1 Argon is unreactive so does not set on fire with the heat or react with the electricity

(2 marks)

2 Group 8/0

Because they have a full outer shell of electrons

3 neon

SOLUTIONS


AQA CORE C1.1.3 Be able to write word equation for simple reactions

Question 1

1. Write the word equation for when sodium mixtures with water to produce sodium hydroxide and

hydrogen.

………………………………… + ……………………………………………… →………………………………………+…………………………….

(2 marks)

2. Ethane + oxygen → Carbon dioxide and water

State everything this equation tells you about the reaction.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(4 marks)

Total 6 marks



1 Sodium + water

Sodium hydroxide + hydrogen

2 Ethane reacts with oxygen

Produces carbon dioxide and water

Ethane and oxygen are reactants

Carbon dioxide and water are reactants

SOLUTIONS


AQA CORE C.1.3 Explain the principle of conservation of mass

Question 1

1. State the what is meant by the term conservation of mass.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(1 marks)

2. For the thermal decomposition reaction of calcium carbonate, work out how much carbon dioxide is

formed when 100 tonnes of calcium carbonate produce 66 tonnes of calcium oxide.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(2 marks)

3. Explain why we must always balanced equations if we are to produce a true representation of the reaction.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(2 marks)

Total 5 marks

SOLUTIONS


QUESTION 1: SUGGESTED MARKING GUIDANCE (Total 5 marks)

QUESTION SUGGESTED ANSWERS

1 The conservation of mass means that no atoms are lost or gained during the reaction.

2 100-66 (1 mark)

44 tonnes (for 2 marks)

3 The equation must be balanced otherwise the reaction does not have the same number of

reactant atoms as products atoms.

This means that the reaction would have lost or gained atoms which does occur in reactions.

(2 marks)

4

5

SOLUTIONS


AQA CORE C1.1.3 Interpret formulae to give numbers of atoms in a formulae

Question 1

1. Name the elements and number of atoms for each element for the following compounds.

CO2………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Ca(OH)2………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(5 marks)

Total 5 marks



1 Carbon x1 (1)

Oxygen x2 (1)

Calcium x1 (1)

Oxygen x2 (1)

Hydrogen x2 (1)

SOLUTIONS


AQA CORE C1.2.1 Describe the thermal decomposition of carbonates

Question 1

1. Name the type of reaction that takes place when calcium carbonate is strongly heated and name the

products formed.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(3 marks)

2.

Type of carbonate Mass lost/g

Calcium carbonate 150

Magnesium carbonate 100

Copper carbonate 24

What type of graph would you produce for the experiment above?

…………………………………………………………….

From the data above explain which is the most reactive carbonate.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(3 marks)

Total 6 marks

SOLUTIONS




1 Thermal decomposition

The reaction produces calcium oxide

and carbon dioxide

(3 marks)

2 Bar chart

Calcium carbonate

As it produced the most gas/lost the most mass.

(3 marks)

SOLUTIONS


AQA CORE C1.2.1 Evaluate the extraction and use of limestone

QWC

Question: Evaluate the effects of quarrying limestone.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=quarrying+

limestone&safe=active&tbm=isch&tbo=u&sou

rce=univ&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjBzbvd8-

fKAhXFfRoKHUTNC7gQsAQINQ&biw=1440&bi

h=806&surl=1#imgrc=NZpBm7fXn6pdfM%3A

https://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiG2sGL9OfKAhWK1xQKHcIbCssQjRwIBw&url=http://www.longcliffe.co.uk/limestone/industry-history.asp&psig=AFQjCNFXoDMf6kG_mA5fwoXEcDZ-U-aUiw&ust=1455011871226941

SOLUTIONS


……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(Total 6 marks)

QWC Suggested marking guidance (Total 6 marks) Marks awarded for this answer will be determined by the Quality of Written Communication (QWC) as well as the

standard of the scientific response. Teachers should and apply a ‘best-fit’ approach to the marking. 0 marks Level 1 (1-2 marks) Level 2 (3-4 marks) Level 3 (5-6 marks) No relevant

content.

The spelling, punctuation

and grammar are very

weak.

There is reasonable accuracy in

spelling, punctuation and grammar,

although there may still be some

errors

The answer shows almost faultless

spelling, punctuation and grammar.

Examples of scientific points made in the response:

This question needs at least two of one side and three from the opposing side.

Positives

Jobs

Money for the local economy

Better transport links

Can be made into a nature reserve when the limestone extraction is complete

Negatives

Loss of habitats

Noise pollution

Visual pollution

Breathing problems

Increased level of traffic

Lorries can cause carbon dioxide emissions

SOLUTIONS


AQA CORE C1.3.1 Describe the different ways to extract copper and their impact

Question 1

1. Describe the processes of phytomining and bioleaching.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(4 marks)

2. State two advantages of phytomining and bioleaching over traditional methods of copper ore extraction.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(2 marks)

Total 6 marks

SOLUTIONS




1 Phytomining

The plant absorbs the copper from the soil (1)

Burning the plant produces ash which contains the copper compounds (1)

Bioleaching

Bioleaching uses bacteria (1)

The bacteria produces solutions of copper compounds (1)

One advantage is that it is more cost effective (1)

2 Any of the two below

Less waste

Carbon neutral

Less expensive

SOLUTIONS


AQA CORE C1.4.1 Describe crude oil as a mixture

Question 1

1. Use the words below to fill in the missing words.

Crude oil is a ……………………………………….. consisting of different elements and compounds that are not

chemically …………………………………… together. Crude oil is primarily made up of molecules containing

……………………………….. and ……………………………… Most of these molecules are saturated ………………………….

The mixture can be separated by ………………………………… ………………………………………..

(6 marks)

Total 6 marks



1 Mixture

Bonded

Hydrogen

Carbon

Alkanes

Fractional distillation

(6 marks)

Compound fractional distillation element mixture nitrogen

hydrogen oxygen carbon bonded separated

alkanes alkenes cracking

SOLUTIONS


AQA CORE C1.4.2 Recall the general formula for alkanes and name and draw the first 4

Question 1

1. Please circle the correct response.

unsaturated

Alkanes are compounds

saturated

(1 mark)

2. Circle the correct general formula for an alkane from the choices below.

CnH2n+2 CnH2n CH2n+2 CnH3n

(1 mark)

3. Using the general formula identify the alkane from below. pleasePlease circle the correct one.

C5H10 C4H12C4H10 C4H8 C4H6

(1 mark)

4.If methane is drawn as below.

H

H C H

H

Draw the structures of butane (2 carbon atoms) and propane (3 carbon atoms)

(2 marks)

Total 5 marks

SOLUTIONS




1 saturated

2 CnH2n+2

3 C4H12C4H10

4 Drawn appropriately with all single bonds

SOLUTIONS


AQA CORE C1.4.3 Describe how sulfur can be removed from fuels

Question 1

1.Sulfur dioxide can cause which type of pollution.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(1 mark)

2. Describe how to remove sulfphur from fuels in a power station.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(2 marks)

3. Using the table below work out the three means and produce a conclusion from the results.

Sulfur removal

method

Percentage of

sulfuer removed/%

Percentage of

sulfuer removed/%

Percentage of

sulfuer removed/%

Average Percentage

of sulfuer

removed/%

Dry 96 98 92

Wet 67 66 65

Using seaweed 23 45 40

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(4 marks)

Total 7 marks

SOLUTIONS




1 Acid rain

2 Use a filter after the fuel has been burnt to ‘scrub’ the product (1)

Remove the sulfphur from the fuel before it have been burnt (1)

3 Dry-95.3%

Wet-66%

Seaweed – 42.5%

Dry seaweed is the most efficient at removing sulfur from fuels whilst using sea weed is the

least effective.

4

5

SOLUTIONS


AQA CORE C1.4.3 Describe hydrocarbons as fuels and recall the products of burning

Question 1

1.Using the words below complete the following sentences.

Bunsen burners use……………………………………

When the air hole is open the Bunsen burners undergo …………………………… …………………………………………

When the air hole is closed the Bunsen burners undergo …………………………………. ………………………………….

The products of complete combustion are ………………………. and …………………………… …………………………….

One product of incomplete combustion is………………………………………………. …………………………………….

(6 marks)

Total 6 marks



1 Methane

Complete combustion

Incomplete combustion

Water

carbon dioxide

Carbon particles

Complete combustion water oxygen sulfur dioxide carbon dioxide

Carbon particles incomplete combustion methane butane

SOLUTIONS


AQA CORE C1.4.3 Discuss the environmental impact of fuels; global warming/dimming and acid rain

Question 1

1. Circle from the options below two of the three fossil fuels

Petrol Coal Gas wood Wind

(2 marks)

2. Link the pollutant boxes to the correct pollution

(3 marks)

Total 5 marks



1 Coal

Gas

2 Sulphur dioxide- acid rain

Carbon dioxide- global warming

Carbon particles- global dimming

Sulphur dioxide

Carbon dioxide

Carbon particles Global warming

Global dimming

Acid rain

SOLUTIONS


AQA CORE C1.5.1 Recall general formula of alkenes and name and draw the first 2

Question 1

1.State the general formula for alkenes

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(1 mark)

2. Draw the structure of

Ethene Propene

(2 marks)

3. Explain why Methene can never exist as an alkene

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(2 marks)

Total 5 marks



1 CnH2n

SOLUTIONS


2 Two appropriately drawn molecules with double bonds included.

3 Methane only has one carbon

So can never have a carbon, carbon double bond.

SOLUTIONS


AQA CORE C1.5.2 Describe the process of polymerisation

Question 1

1. Name and describe the reaction above

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(3 marks)

2. Name the plastic made above.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…

(1 mark)

3. State what must be present in any monomer.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…

(1 mark)

Total 5 marks

https://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwj6wp7c8onLAhWLORQKHXzCAhIQjRwIBw&url=http://www.bsquaredfutures.com/pluginfile.php/274/mod_imscp/content/1/lo_5-1-scorm/lo_5-1-scorm/page3.html&psig=AFQjCNGqQBfpuIUAvlV2Krn2rWEEmWDhcA&ust=1456179818683025

SOLUTIONS




1 The process is polymerisation

Many of the monomers join together

To form a polymer

2 Polyethene or poly(ethene)

3 The monomer must contain a carbon, carbon double bond.

SOLUTIONS


AQA CORE C1.6.1 Describe how oils are extracted from plant, nuts and seeds

Question 1

1.

Using the diagram above answer the following questions.

Steam is produced at point…………

Oil from the plant is turned into a gas at point…………..

Steam and water are condensed at point…………………

The oil is separated from the water at point………………………..

(4 marks)

2.Oil is ……………………. dense than water and so ……………………. on top of the oilwater.

(2 marks)

Total 6 marks

More less sinks floats heavy light

https://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwj9782vg4vLAhXE6RQKHdifAmAQjRwIBQ&url=http://georgepindarschool.co.uk/images/pdf/core-science/c1/plant-oils-and-their-uses.pdf&psig=AFQjCNENLw37k1pydFja5k5vexiVB77W1A&ust=1456218635389334

SOLUTIONS




1 W

X

Y

Z

2 Less

floats

SOLUTIONS


AQA CORE C1.6.1 Describe the uses of vegetable oils

Question 1

1. Explain how vegetables are made and their use in cooking.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(5 marks)

Total 5 marks



1 Crush the fruit/nuts (1)

Distill to remove water/impurities (1)

Provides energy (1)

Provide nutrients (1)

Cooks at higher temperatures so it is quicker (1)

SOLUTIONS


AQA CORE C1.6.2 Describe the making and advantages of emulsions

Question 1

1. Name an emulsion used in everyday life.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(1 mark)

2. Describe how an emulsion is formed.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(2 marks)

3. Explain why decorators use emulsion paint to cover walls.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(3 marks)

Total 6 marks

Question 1/2: Suggested marking guidance (Total 6 marks)


1 Candidates can choose from any of the below

Ice cream

Cosmetics- or named e.g. hand cream

Spreads

Sun cream

paint

SOLUTIONS


2 An emulsifier (1)

Enables two (un-mixable) liquids that do not dissolve in each other to mix – can use

examples such as oil and water (1)

Causing the liquid to become stable and not separate out (1)

3 Better coating ability (1)

Better texture (1)- allow thicker

Better appearance (1)

SOLUTIONS


AQA CORE C1.6.3 Evaluate the use, benefits, drawbacks of emulsifiers

Question 2

1. The mixture of egg yolk, oil and vinegar makes mayonnaise which is an example of an

(circle the appropriate response)

Emulsion Emulsifier compound element

(1 mark)

2. Suggest two reasons why emulsifiers are used in the food industry today.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(2 marks)

3.Suggest one advatantage and one disadvantage of using emulsifiers in our food.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(2 marks)

Total 6 marks

SOLUTIONS




1 Emulsion

2 Better texture

Better coating ability

A thicker consistency.

Better appearance

3 Advantages

Better appearance

Allows immiscible liquid to mix and become stable

Disadvantages

People can be allergic to the emulsifier

Can increase the chance of heart disease.

SOLUTIONS


AQA CORE C1.6.3 Recall that relative unsaturation of different vegetable

Question 2

1.

(3 marks)

2. Using the information below choose the healthiest fat and explain your answer.

Olive Sunflower Rapeseed

Saturated fat/% 6 12 8

Polyunsaturated fat/% 54 45 57

Monounsaturated fat/% 4 5 13

Fat……………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(3 marks)

Total 6 marks

Saturated fats Contains only one carbon,

carbon double bond

Monounsaturated fats

Polyunsaturated fats

Contains only carbon, carbon

single bonds

Contains many one carbon,

carbon double bond

SOLUTIONS




1 Saturated- carbon, carbon single bonds (1)

Monounsaturated – one carbon, carbon double bonds. (1)

Polyunsaturated – many carbon, carbon double bonds. (1)

2 Rapeseed oil

It has the highest percentage of polyunsaturated fat as well

As the highest percentage of monounsaturated fat

And has a relatively low percentage of saturated fat although not the lowest

SOLUTIONS


AQA CORE C1.7.1 Explain why Wegener’s theory not accepted for many years

Question 1

Using your knowledge fill in the gaps below.

In 1915 Alfred Wegener developed a theory called ………………………. …………………………….. The theory

was not widely believed at the time as he could not prove it as he had no…………………………..

Years later evidence was found in the form of Africa and America fitting together like a

……………………… They found ……………………………… on different land masses and the …………………..

formations were similar on different land masses.

This all fit together when it was found that the Earth’s……………………………….. was split up into many

……………………………. plates which are moved by ………………………………….. ………………………………….. in the

………………………………….

(9 mark)

Total 9 marks



1 Continental drift

Evidence

Jigsaw

Fossils

Rock

Crust

Tectonic

Convection currents

mantle

SOLUTIONS


AQA CORE C1.7.2 Explain where reservoirs of carbon are and the effect of combustion on CO2

Question 1

Using the words from the box complete the following sentences

……………………… ……………………. was the most abundant gas in the early atmosphere until it started to

decrease by forming carbon …………………… The three examples are that the gas

1. ………………………. in the oceans and seas

2. Was locked up in………………………… ……………………………

3. Was locked up in ……………………….. ……………………………

4. Taken in by plants for ………………………………………………

(6 marks)

2. Describe the problem of burning fossil fuels

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(2 marks)

Total 8 marks

Sulfur dioxide carbon dioxide sinks igneous rocks

Sedimentary rocks fossil fuels respiration photosynthesis dissolved

Formatted: Subscript

SOLUTIONS




1 Carbon dioxide, sinks, dissolved, fossil fuels, sedimentary rocks, photosynthesis

2 Carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere

Increasing the problem of global warming

OR

Soot is released in to atmosphere

Causing global dimming

OR

Sulphur dioxide is released into the atmosphere

Causing acid rain

SOLUTIONS


AQA CORE C1.7.2 Recall the constituents of the atmosphere

Question 1

1.Which gas makes up 78% of the atmosphere today?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(1 mark)

2. Which gas makes up 21% of the atmosphere today>

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(1 mark)

3. Describe what caused the increase in oxygen from our early atnosphereatmosphere

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(3 marks)

Total 5 marks



1 Nitrogen

2 oxygen

3 Green plants

Photosynthesis

Taking in carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen causing the percentage to increase.

SOLUTIONS


AQA Core HT ONLY C1.1.3 Be able to write and balance symbol equations

Question 1

1. Write the word and balanced symbol equation for when sodium reacts with chlorine.

…………………………………………. +……………………………………………→…………………………………… ………………………………

……….Na +……………….. → ……………NaCl

(5 marks)

Total 5 marks



1 Sodium + chlorine (1)

Sodium chloride (1)– do not accept sodium chlorine

2 Na (1)

Cl2 (1)

2 NaCl (1)

SOLUTIONS


AQA CORE HT ONLY C1.62 Describe the hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of emulsifiers

Question 1

1.

What does the diagram above show?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(1 mark)

Define the terms hydrophilic and hydrophobic

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(2 marks)

2.Explain how the diagram above helps oil and water to mix forming an emulsion

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(3 marks)

Total 6 marks

https://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjhor_ojIvLAhUGuxQKHbj1D_AQjRwIBw&url=http://filtsol.com/main/index.php/technical-info/surfactants-as-emulsion-stabilizers&psig=AFQjCNGwI9mYd4LmI2Kvk7s33bJBaCc8OA&ust=1456221008353815

SOLUTIONS




1 emulsifier

2 Hydrophilic means it loves water

Hydrophobic means it hates water

3 The hydrophilic head stays in the water

Whilst the hydrophobic tail stays in the oil

They form droplets that spread out throughout the mixture

As they repel each other

SOLUTIONS


AQA CORE HT ONLT C1.7.2 Describe the Miller Urey experiment & primordial soup

Question 1

1. What theory did the Miller Urey try to prove with their experiment?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(1 mark)

2. Name the four gases present in the beginning of the experiment

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(2 marks)

3. What did the electric spark represent in the experiment

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(1 mark)

4. What did they find had been made after a few weeks

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…

(1 mark)

Total 5 marks



1 Primordial soup

SOLUTIONS


2 Methane

Ammonia

Nitrogen

hydrogen

3 Lightening

4 Amino acids

SOLUTIONS


AQA CORE HT ONLY C1.7.2 Describe the fractional distillation of air

Question 1

1.Describe the fractional distillation of air

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(5 marks)

Total 5 marks



1 The air is filtered to remove the dust

It is then cooled to condense the water vapour so it can be removed

Carbon dioxide then freezes and is removed

The liquid air is then passed into the fractionating column and heated

The remaining gases are separated by fractional distillation

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