POLITICAL ISSUE AND IOS IN-TERVENTION

[CONGO CIVIL WAR AND IOS]

Group 1

INDEX• About CONGO• CONGO Civil War• Intervention of IOs *PKO *MONUSCO *ICC• Influence of IOs

ABOUT CONGO• In Africa• Population is more than

66million• About 23 times the area

of Korea• Independence from Bel-

gium in 1960

Kin-sasha

• Be came a colony of Belgium in 1908 But, a colonial administration was difficult Maintained public peace by using colonial

military & Prohibited political activity Stimulated from independent of other

countries• In 1959, opposing Belgium riot broke out• Establishment of government by the first

general election

• The first government was underprepared Disturbances in Congo during 3 years

after independence• Changing of government five times ☞ The first government → Lumumba → Mobutu → Tshombe → Mobutu• Mobutu be came a president with an 100%

approval rating in 1970

CONGO Civil War

(1996~1997) 1st Congo WarLaurent Desire Kabila vs Mobuto⇒ Kabila won! ⇒ president!⇒ Zaire → the democratic republic of Congo.

CONGO Civil War(1998~2003) 2nd Congo War

Laurent De-sire Kabila

ZimbabweAngola

NamibiaSudanZambia

VSRebel Force

RwandaUgandaBurunch

Intervention of IOs

• 1960 Independence from Belgium

• 1998-2003 Period of Civil War

• 2006 Presidential election and General election

• 2006.12 Joseph Kabila kabange was elected president of Congo.

• 2003.6 Establishing an interim government

MONUC(UN Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo)

- supervise and advise- democratic elections (free, fair)- promote the stability of Congo

• 2008.10 deepening of engagement

• 2009.01 Arrests the rebel leather

• 2010.03 Withdrawal request

• Dispatching decision to extend

• 2010. 5

  (1999~2010) (United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic

Republic of the Congo)

(2010~ present ) (United Nations Organizations Stabilization Mission in

the Democratic Republic of the Congo)

MONUC

MONUSCO

What is PKO?

PKO(Peace Keeping Operation)

• Peacekeeping is one among a range of activities undertaken by the United Nations and other international actors to maintain interna-tional peace and security throughout the world

Their Operations

• monitoring and observing peace processes in post-conflict areas• assisting comes in many forms, including confidence-building measures, power-sharing arrangements, electoral support, strengthening the rule of law, and economic and social development

MONUSCO

• a United Nations peace keeping force in the Democratic Republic of the Congo(DRC) which was estab-lished in 1999.

• they monitor the peace process of the Second Congo War, though much of its focus subsequently turned to the Ituri conflict, the Kivu conflict and the Dongo conflict

Mission FactsLocation DRC and the sub-

region

Headquar-ters

Kinshasa (DRC)

Liaison of -fices

Pretoria (South Africa), Kigali (R-wanda) and Kampala (U-ganda)

Logistics base

Entebbe (U-ganda)

Duration July 2010 to present

MONUSCO Protect civilians and consolidate peace in the Democratic Republic of the Congo(DRC)

MONUSCO’s Role

Joseph Kabila

• 2011, 11 Joseph Kabila vs

• Jean-Pierre Bemba was a most powerful candidates with Joseph Kabila • but he was accused of crimes against humanity, war crimes So, for stabilizing the politics, Jean-Pierre Bemba was brought to ICC

Finally, Joseph Kabila

was elected again as a president of DRC( Congo) 

Jean-Pierre Bemba

• What is ICC?  The International Criminal Court(ICC)

• a permanent tribunal to prosecute individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression

• Location: The Hague, Netherlands.

ICC

Influence of IOs

IOs were Effec-tive

If UN didn’t intervene CONGO WAR ?

Limitation of IOs’ effect

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V4kTFUEkiXE