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Poloæaj dece u ustanovama

socijalne zaπtite u Srbiji

Jugoslovenski centar za prava detetaBeograd, maj 2001.

IzdavaË

JUGOSLOVENSKI CENTAR ZA PRAVA DETETABeograd, Zmaj Jovina 25/5

Za izdavaËaLJUBOMIR PEJAKOVI∆, direktor

LektorLJUBICA BOJI∆

Dizajn i pripremaOMNIBUS, Beograd

Fotografije na koricamaMARIJA MILINKOVI∆

©tampaDEDRAPLAST, Beograd

Tiraæ500

ISBN86-83109-14-3

Izdanje ove knjige pomogla jeKanadska ambasada u Beogradu

SADRÆAJ

PREDGOVORUVODO IZVE©TAJU

USTANOVE ZA SME©TAJ DECE I OMLADINE BEZ RODITELJSKOG STARANJA• Zbirna tabela• "Angelina - Gina KojiÊ", Zrenjanin• "Vera BlagojeviÊ", Banja KoviljaËa• "Vera RadivojeviÊ, Bela Crkva• "Dr Milorad PavloviÊ", DeËje selo, Sremska Kamenica• Omladinski dom, Novi Sad• "Duπko RadoviÊ", Niπ• "Jefimija", Kruπevac• "Kolevka", Subotica • "Miroslav - Mika AntiÊ", Sombor• Domsko odeljenje pri Centru za socijalni rad, "Dr Mihajlo Stupar", Valjevo• "Mladost" pri Centru za socijalni rad, Kragujevac• "Olivera - Verica –ureviÊ", Vranje• "Petar RadovanoviÊ", Uæice• "Spomenak", PanËevo• "Stanko PaunoviÊ", Negotin • Domsko odeljenje pri Centru za socijalni rad "Hristina MarkiπiÊ", Aleksinac• Domsko odeljenje pri Centru za socijalni rad, ∆uprija• Centar za zaπtitu odojËadi, dece i omladine

- Stacionar za majku i dete, Beograd- "Dragutin FilipoviÊ - Jusa", Beograd- "Moπa Pijade", Beograd- "Jovan JovanoviÊ Zmaj", Beograd- "Drinka PavloviÊ", Beograd- Dom za srednjoπkolsku i studentsku omladinu, Beograd

DOMOVI ZA DECU OMETENU U RAZVOJU• Dom za decu i omladinu ometenu u razvoju, Veternik• Dom za decu ometenu u razvoju, Kulina• Dom za æensku decu ometenu u razvoju pri manastiru Sveta Petka, Izvor• Dom za decu ometenu u razvoju, SremËica• Specijalni zavod za decu i omladinu "Dr Nikola ©umenkoviÊ", Stamnica• Centar za smeπtaj i dnevni boravak dece i omladine ometene u razvoju, Beograd

- Internat za gluvu decu- Dnevni boravak za autistiËnu decu, Diljska- Dnevni boravak za decu i omladinu sa autizmom "Kornelije StankoviÊ"- Dnevni boravak za mentalno retardiranu decu i omladinu, ©ekspirova- Stacionar za decu i omladinu obolelu od autizma, Zemun

ZAVODI ZA VASPITANJE DECE I OMLADINE• Dom za vaspitanje mladeæi, Knjaæevac• Zavod za vaspitanje omladine sa prihvatnom stanicom, Niπ• Zavod za vaspitanje omladine "Vasa StajiÊ", Beograd

VASPITNOPOPRAVNI DOM I MALOLETNI»KI ZATVOR• Vaspitnopopravni dom, Kruπevac• Kazneno popravni zavod za maloletnike, Valjevo

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PREDGOVOR

Jugoslovenski centar za prava deteta veÊ nekoliko godina prati situaciju u ustanovamasocijalne zaπtite za smeπtaj dece u Srbiji. Sve do jeseni 2000. naπe aktivnosti udomovima su se svodile na praÊenje i povremeno na neke delatnosti manjeg obima.Saradnja s tadaπnjim Ministarstvom za rad, boraËka i socijalna pitanja je bila naminimalnom nivou, πto smo u to doba smatrali uspehom. U takvim uslovima, nismosmeli da predstavimo javnosti pravo stanje u domovima, jer bi nam time bio uskraÊendalji pristup korisnicima. Na sreÊu, promene do kojih je doπlo oktobra 2000. dovele su u ovoj oblasti, pre svega, do zapoËinjanja procesa demistifikacije. Slike iz pojedinih domova pojavile su se nateleviziji i u πtampi. DomaÊa i strana javnost brzo je reagovala, nudeÊi pomoÊ zareπavanje hitnih problema. Donatori su se uglavnom obraÊali Ministartstvu, ali su mnoga pitanja stizala i u naπCentar. Kako smo se i ranije bavili ovim problemom, odluËili smo da preduzmemo nekekorake, meu kojima su prvi bili da uspostavimo kontakt s "novim" Ministarstvom.Predstavnici Jugoslovenskog centra za prava deteta obratili su se ministru GordaniMatkoviÊ sa æeljom da se pokrene teπnja saradnja izmeu te organizacije i Ministarstva.Na naπe veliko zadovoljstvo, odmah smo videli da u Ministarstvu sada imamo druguvrstu sagovornika. U razgovorima koji su sledili, utvreno je da je prvi korak kaostvarivanju dugoroËnih ciljeva u vezi sa domovima u Srbiji, da se detaljno utvrdi ipravo stanje u domovima. Kao mala i mobilna organizacija, bili smo u moguÊnosti da u kratkom rokuorganizujemo tim struËnjaka koji bi za dva meseca obiπli svaki dom i detaljno zabeleæilirezultate do kojih su doπli na terenu. U lakom i brzom dogovoru s Mnistarstvom,odluËili smo da odmah pokrenemo ovo istraæivanje. Tako je i poËelo. Da bismo doπlido podataka o poloæaju dece u domovima, odredili smo specifiËne pokazatelje, koji sunam sluæili kao osnov za rad. U izveπtaju na narednim stranicama nalaze se rezultatido kojih je naπ tim doπao.Rezultati koje ovde predstavljamo su znaËajni iz dva razloga. Prvi je vezan zakratkoroËne ciljeve - hitno pruæanje pomoÊi korisnicima domova, koja se sastoji uhrani, odeÊi, lekovima, unapreivanju profesionalnih kapaciteta i saniranju objekata.Drugi je vezan za dugoroËne ciljeve koji Êe se ostvarivati na osnovu specifiËne politikekoja Êe se razvijati i sprovoditi. Pored rezultata istraæivanja na terenu, mi Êemo u ovomizveπtaju ponuditi i neke okvire za razvoj politike u ovoj oblasti. Smatramo korisnim πto Êe rezultati ovog istraæivanja biti dostupni i kroz specifiËankompjuterski program, koji Êe omoguÊavati i dodatno unoπenje podataka kao i obraduna osnovu novonastale situacije. SreÊni smo πto smo kao nevladina organizacija u prilici da zajedno sa predstavnicimadræave uËestvujemo u pokuπaju da uËinimo svet lepπim za decu, a posebno za onu kojasu uvek na marginama dogaaja. Posebnu zahvalnost za ovo istraæivanje i izveπtaj dugujemo naπim prijateljima SaneAnderson (Sane Anderson), Danska ambasada, i Debori Mek Vini (Deborah McWhinney),Kandaska ambasada, bez Ëije finansijske pomoÊi, ali i iskrenog razumevanja, ovajprojekat ne bi bio moguÊ. Takoe dugujemo zahvalnost Ëlanovima tima koji su prihvatili ovaj naporan posao ivrlo profesionalno ga obavili.

Nevena VuËkoviÊ ©ahoviÊdirektor programa Jugoslovenskog centra za prava deteta

UVOD

U sistemu socijalne zaπtite Srbije postoje tri vrste ustanova za smeπtaj dece i omladinekoje su u nadleænosti Republike, odnosno Ministarstva za socijalna pitanja, i to:

- ustanove za smeπtaj dece i omladine bez roditeljskog staranja,- ustanove za smeπtaj dece ometene u razvoju,- zavodi za vaspitanje dece i omladine (za smeπtaj dece sa poremeÊajima u ponaπanju ili dece koja su u sukobu sa zakonom).

Pored toga, u nadleænosti Ministarstva pravde su joπ dve ustanove:- Vaspitno popravni dom u Kruπevcu,- Kazneno popravni dom u Valjevu.

Zakonom o socijalnoj zaπtiti Srbije lokalnim vlastima je ostavljena moguÊnost da nateritoriji svoje opπtine mogu osnovati ustanove za dnevni boravak dece i omladineometene u razvoju.

NajveÊi problem svih ustanova za smeπtaj dece i omladine je njihov materijalni poloæaj.Dugogodiπnje propadanje zemlje, loπe voena politika socijalne zaπtite i mnogi drugirazlozi doveli su do teπkog osiromaπenja ovih ustanova. Nedostatak osnovnihsredstava dovodi u pitanje ne samo kvalitet æivota dece u ustanovama, veÊ i njihovopstanak i razvoj.

U takvim okolnostima teπko je govoriti o kvalitetu vaspitanja i obrazovanja, o pripremidece za povratak u prirodnu sredinu, osamostaljenju za æivot i sl.

Do sada je u Jugoslaviji organizovano nekoliko velikih humanitarnih akcija, samostalnoili u saradnji sa nadleænim Ministarstvom za socijalna pitanja, u cilju urgentnogublaæavanja loπeg materijalnog poloæaja dece. Kampanja za pomoÊ nezbrinutoj deci,osim podizanja æivotnog standarda dece u Jugoslaviji, ima i dalekoseæniji cilj usmerenna podizanje nivoa graanske solidarnosti, odnosno odgovornosti pojedinca premasocijalno ugroæenim graanima zemlje.

Akcija Jugoslovenskog centra za prava deteta, izvedena uz konsultantsku pomoÊMinistarstva za socijalna pitanja, joπ jedna je u nizu akcija sprovedenih sa primarnimciljem da se poboljπa materijalni i druπtveni poloæaj dece u zemlji.

No, humanitarna pomoÊ i sve πto je dosada uraeno, ili Êe biti uraeno u bliskojbuduÊnosti, samo je prvi korak i osnovni uslov da bi se mogao suπtinski izmenitipoloæaj dece, ne samo u ustanovama, veÊ u ukupnom sistemu socijalne zaπtite idruπtvene brige o deci.

Ljubomir PejakoviÊdirektor Jugoslovenskog centra za prava deteta

O IZVE©TAJU

Izveπtaj o poloæaju dece u ustanovama socijalne zaπtite je rezultat radainterdisciplinarnog tima sastavljenog od struËnjaka i saradnika JuCPD, Ministarstva zasocijalna pitanja i Ministarstva zdravlja Republike Srbije.

Tim su saËinjavali:- Milena LukiÊ, psiholog- Beba –uraπkoviÊ, arhitekta- Duπan PaËiÊ, graevinski inæenjer- dr Rada ∆uÊuz, lekar- Jakov KneæeviÊ, kamerman- Suzana MiliËiÊ, saradnik centra

Ovakav sastav tima je bio neophodan kako bi se u potpunosti postigao projektovanicilj: utvrditi poloæaj dece u odnosu na sve bitne aspekte uslova æivota u ustanovama.Podaci su prikupljani na osnovu polustandardizovanog intervjua. Razgovor je voensa rukovodiocima ustanova, Ëlanovima struËnog tima i ostalim saradnicima ustanova.Pored toga, liËnim uvidom i na osnovu dokumentacije je utvrivano stanje objekata iopreme, a sve je propraÊeno i filmskim zapisom i fotografijama.

Snimanje stanja je podrazumevalo sledeÊe aspekte:- stanje objekata, instalacija i opreme;- prostora u kome æive i borave deca;- vaspitno - obrazovni rad;- zdravstvenu zaπtitu i ishranu;- stanje odeÊe i obuÊe.

U okviru svakog segmenta, pored opisa stanja, date su prioritetne potrebe ustanove,kao i potrebe ustanove u celini. Sastavni deo ovog izveπtaja je i filmski materijal osvakoj ustanovi, od koga je JuCPD montirao dokumentarni film. Pored toga, napravljenaje i obimna kolekcija fotografija.

Takoe, svi podaci su uneti u bazu podataka JuCPD.

U toku samog obilaska ustanova i za vreme pisanja izveπtaja, pojedine meunarodneorganizacije su se, na osnovu informacija dobijenih od JuCPD i nadleænog ministarstva,ukljuËile u upuÊivanje donacija jednom broju ustanova, bilo da je reË o humanitarnojpomoÊi ili investicijama (npr. Stamnica, Kulina, Banja KoviljaËa i sl.).

Istraæivanje, pisanje izveπtaja i πtampanje je uraeno u vremenu od 22. januara do 31.maja 2001. godine.

Ustanove za smeπtaj dece i omladinebez roditeljskog staranja

Ustanove za smeπtaj dece i omladine bez roditeljskog staranja

Smeπtaj dece liπene roditeljskog staranja u ustanove socijalne zaπtite, jedan je odosnovnih oblika zbrinjavanja ove dece u Srbiji. Prema poslednjim podacima, u 17ustanova za decu bez roditeljskog staranja æivi oko 2000 dece.

U Srbiji danas æivi oko 5000 dece bez roditeljskog staranja koja su smeπtena u porodicesvojih najbliæih srodnika, hraniteljske porodice ili domove za decu i omladinu bezroditeljskog staranja.

Prema Zakonu o socijalnoj zaπtiti, pravo na smeπtaj u ustanovu socijalne zaπtite ima: 1) dete koje nema æive roditelje, Ëiji su roditelji nepoznati ili su nestali i dete Ëiji

roditelji iz bilo kojih razloga, privremeno ili trajno ne izvrπavaju svoja roditeljska pravai duænosti;

2) dete Ëiji je razvoj ometen porodiËnim prilikama pa roditelji nisu u moguÊnostida mu obezbede odgovarajuÊe uslove za razvoj.

Za dete koje ostane bez roditelja, ili njegovi roditelji, iz bilo kojih razloga, ne mogu dase o njemu brinu, najprirodnija sredina je - najbliæa rodbina. Zbog toga je prva faza upronalaæenju adekvatnog smeπtaja deteta koje je liπeno roditeljske brige - pokuπajpronalaæenja utoËiπta za njega u porodici najbliæih srodnika koji, na taj naËin, postajunjegovi staratelji (ne postoji precizan podatak o broju dece bez roditelja koja susmeπtena u porodice svojih srodnika).

Karakteristika organizovane socijalne zaπtite dece bez roditeljskog staranja u Srbiji jeda se paralelno razvija sistem institucionalne zaπtite (domovi za decu) ivaninstitucionalnog zbrinjavanja (smeπtaj dece u hraniteljske porodice). VeÊ duæevreme je izjednaËen broj dece obuhvaÊen ovim vidovima zaπtite. Sada se u domovimai u hraniteljskim porodicama nalazi po oko 2000 dece.

Zbog brojnih nereπenih problema u sferi socijalnih prava hraniteljskih porodica, uposlednje vreme je smanjena motivacija porodica i pojedinaca da se ukljuËe u sistemhraniteljstva, iako se na promociji ovog koncepta zbrinjavanja dece radilo mnogo uposlednjem periodu. Promovisanje ovog oblika zaπtite dece je deo πire kampanje zaopπte prihvatanje koncepta vaninstitucionalnih oblika zbrinjavanja dece, πto bi trebaloda bude jedan od osnovnih pravaca razvoja socijalne brige o deci bez roditeljskogstaranja u narednom periodu.

Sadaπnjih sedamnaest ustanova za smeπtaj dece bez roditeljskog staranja se sastoje od23 posebna doma: jedna ustanova u svom sastavu ima πest domova, druga ustanovaima dva doma, postoji jedanaest posebnih domova i Ëetiri domska odeljenja pricentrima za socijalni rad. Osim razlike u naËinu organizovanja ustanova, domovi serazlikuju i po drugim karakteristikama: po prostornoj koncepciji (u zavisnosti odvremena kad su graeni i da li su namenski zidane zgrade); po organizaciji rada, Ëestouslovljenoj organizacijom prostora; vrstom opremljenosti od koje zavisi kojoj decimogu da pruæe odgovarajuÊu zaπtitu (npr. samo dva doma imaju uslova za smeπtajdece najranijeg uzrasta) i dr.

Uloga doma je da, u saradnji sa nadleænim centrom za socijalni rad kao organomstarateljstva, obezbedi socijalnu brigu, zdravstvenu zaπtitu, vaspitno-obrazovni procesi pravnu zaπtitu za svako dete.

Ne postoji verifikovan program vaspitnog rada koji bi obezbedio ujednaËenostvaspitnog postupka i olakπao proces uvoenja novih vaspitaËa u posao.

Svaki smeπtaj u ustanovu se smatra privremenim i prestaje kada se otklone razlozi kojisu bili uzrok smeπtaja deteta u dom. Za dete bez roditeljskog staranja smeπtaj u domuprestaje kad ono moæe da se vrati u svoju porodicu, ili kada se nae povoljnija merasocijalne zaπtite (usvojenje, premeπtaj u hraniteljsku ili srodniËku porodicu, u druguustanovu socijalne zaπtite), ili zavrπetkom πkolovanja, odnosno osposobljavanja za rad.

Ukoliko dete ne bude vraÊeno u prirodnu porodicu, ili ne bude primenjena neka drugamera socijalne zaπtite, dete izlazi iz doma kada je punoletno i osposobljeno za rad jerse smatra da je time steklo polazne osnove za samostalan æivot. No, ova pretpostavkaje, u mnogo sluËajeva, nerealna jer je, zbog opπteg siromaπtva druπtva, nemoguÊedetetu "na programu otpusta" obezbediti povoljnu perspektivu i realno kvalitetanæivotni start (obezbediti mu posao, nastavak πkolovanja ili reπiti stambeni problem, naprimer).

UoËljiva karakteristika strukture dece u ovim ustanovama, u poslednjem periodu, jesteda je poveÊan broj dece sa usporenim mentalnim razvojem i dece koja zaostaju uπkolovanju. Posledica poveÊanog broja lako mentalno ometene dece i dece neefikasneu πkoli jeste da je sadaπnja vaspitno-socijalna slika bitno drugaËija nego ranije, πtoznaËajno utiËe na kvalitet vaspitno - obrazovnog procesa.

U proseku, domovi imaju oko 30 odsto lako mentalno ometene dece, mada imanekoliko ustanova u kojima ovaj procenat dostiæe Ëak polovinu ukupnog broja zbrinutedece. To, u mnogome, oteæava vaspitno-obrazovni rad, ali i realizaciju dnevnog reæimau domovima i ne daje dobre rezultate ni u radu sa decom normalnih intelektualnihsposobnosti, niti u radu sa decom s posebnim potrebama.

Zdravstvena zaπtita dece smeπtene u domovima sprovodi se u domovima zdravlja ispecijalistiËkim ustanovama, ako postoji potreba. Sva deca su zdravstveno osigurana.Domovi za nezbrinutu decu nemaju sopstvenu zdravstvenu sluæbu, mada veÊina njihzapoπljava medicinske sestre koje se bave zdravstvenim i higijenskim vaspitanjem,kontroliπu zdravlje dece i primenjuju terapiju koju odredi lekar.

NajveÊi problem ustanova je nabavka lekova kojih nema u apotekama, te svimdomovima nedostaju sredstva za kupovinu lekova.

Meunarodne humanitarne organizacije ne organizuju pojedinaËne donacije ulekovima, πto stvara nepremostiv problem za upravu doma kada treba obezbeditilekove ili novac za leËenje ozbiljno obolele dece.

ZBIRNA TABELA 1Domovi za decu bez roditeljskog staranja u Srbiji

NAPOMENE:1) Dom za decu ”Kolevka” u Subotici ima stacionarni deo s najveÊim odeljenjem za decu sa rizikom u razvoju i decusa smetnjama u razvoju (120). Sva deca su uzrasta od 0 do 7 godina.2) Stacionar za majku i dete u Beogradu namenjen je novoroenËadi i deci uzrasta do tri godine. U okviru stacionarapostoji i odeljenje za smeπtaj dece sa rizikom u razvoju i dece sa smetnjama u razvoju (kapaciteta do 50 mesta).

Objekat doma je lokacijski vrlo nepovoljno smeπten: nalazi se na raskrsnici dve vrlo prometnesaobraÊajnice. Zbog dotrajalosti i neadekvatnosti objekta kao i nepovoljne lokacije, jedan od predlogauprave je da se dom, ukoliko je to moguÊe, izmesti na povoljniju lokaciju. Ukoliko za to ne postojimoguÊnost, potrebno ga je kompletno adaptirati.U delu podrumskih prostorija ima vlage. Fasada je oronula a enterijerski, zgradu treba potpuno adaptirati,poËevπi od zidova, preko podova do opreme (kreveti, ormari, police, stolovi, stolice), koja je ukatastrofalnom stanju. Zbog nedostatka prostora sobe su prenatrpane.U samom objektu ne postoji kuhinja i trpezarija veÊ se koriste kuhinja i trpezarija internata za πkolskudecu, koji se nalazi pored doma i sa kojim je dom povezan “toplom vezom”.

• izmeπtanje doma na povoljniju lokaciju ili kompletna adaptacijazgrade;• obnavljanje kompletne opreme i nameπtaja u domu;• dogradnja i proπirenje kapaciteta kotlarnice;• saniranje vlage;• zamena stolarije u celom domu;• zamena sanitarija po kupatilima.

Dom za decu i omladinu u Zrenjaninu obavlja dve delatnosti, smeπtaj dece bez roditeljskog staranja idomski smeπtaj uËenika srednjih πkola.Kapacitet domskog smeπtaja dece bez roditeljskog staranja je 60 dece, odnosno 5 vaspitnih grupa. Nasmeπtaju je 58 dece, od toga 32 dece je u osnovnoj πkoli, 22 dece je u srednjoj πkoli, u domu je i jedanstudent, dvoje na kursu za radno osposobljavanje i jedno dete predπkolskog uzrasta. Meu smeπtenomdecom je 27 dece usporenog intelektualnog razvoja .U ovom domu je tradicionalno visok procenat dece lako ometene u mentalnom razvoju jer je dom nastaoposle gaπenja Zavoda za vaspitanje dece lako ometene u mentalnom razvoju i zato πto u gradu postojimoguÊnost potpunog πkolovanja u specijalnoj πkoli. U domu je zaposleno 7 vaspitaËa, socijalni radnik i psiholog, πto je u skladu sa normativima o struËnomradu za ustanove socijalne zaπtite. Dom ima i vaspitaËa - koordinatora vaspitnog rada.Vaspitni rad je organizovan u grupama heterogenog sastava, svaka grupa ima matiËnog vaspitaËa. Priodreivanju grupe za novo dete, vodi se raËuna o sastavu grupe i moguÊnostima deteta da u grupi moæeda na najbolji naËin razvija svoje sposobnosti.

U domu je smeπteno 58 dece, a ukupan kapacitet je 60 mesta. Dom ima i prihvatnustanicu Ëiji je kapacitet 8 mesta. Obezbeuje smeπtaj za decu od 3 do 18 godina, anajveÊi broj dece je uzrasta od 7 do 14 godina. KarakteristiËan problem ovog doma jeveliki broj lako mentalno ometene dece (27).Osim smeπtaja dece bez roditeljskog staranja, dom obezbeuje i internatski smeπtaj zauËenike srednjih πkola (230 aka u internatu, sa kojim dom deli zgradu).

Arhitektonsko-graevinsko stanje objekta

Vaspitno-obrazovni rad i struktura zaposlenih

Prioriteti:

1 Dom za decu i omladinu bez roditeljskog staranja“Angelina Gina KojiÊ”, ZrenjaninUlica Cara Duπana 4, 23000 Zrenjanin • telefon: 023-561-467 • faks: 023- 534-840

U vaspitnom radu se programira rad po osnovnim oblastima vaspitanja. Poklanja se puna paænja uËenjuali i kreativnosti dece, zadovoljavanju posebnih interesovanja i razvoju sposobnosti kroz rad sekcija.Radno vaspitanje se sprovodi kroz redovne poslove u domu.Ustanova ima razvijenu saradnju sa lokalnim obrazovnim i zdravstvenim institucijama te se interveniπemerama otklanjanja eventualnih smetnji u razvoju kod svakog deteta.Dom za decu ima tradiciju u gradu, uËestvuje u aktivnostima i dogaanjima prireenim za decu, a dobijai medijsku paænju.

Dom ima zaposlene dve medicinske sestre koje sprovode medicinsko-higijensko vaspitanje kao aspektmedicinsko-higijenske preventive, kontrolu zdravlja i higijenskog stanja dece. Sarauju neposredno samedicinskim institucijama i obezbeuju sprovoenje kuÊnog leËenja dece.Dom ima razvijenu saradnju sa zdravstvenim ustanovama na planu oËuvanja i poboljπanja fiziËkog imentalnog zdravlja dece i leËenja.

U domskom jelovniku meso i riba su redovno zastupljeni.

Miπljenje zaposlenih Izmestiti dom na povoljniju lokaciju

Dom treba da bude izmeπten na povoljniju lokaciju. Uprava i zaposleni smatraju da je opravdano postojanje doma, ali naglaπavaju da bi trebalo ograniËitiprijem lako mentalno ometene dece jer to oteæava vaspitni rad sa ostalom decom normalnih intelektualnihsposobnosti.

Zdravstvena zaπtita, ishrana, odeÊa i obuÊa

Prioriteti:• vaga za merenje teæine i visine;• lekovi (uglavnom antibiotici, eftil, kontraceptivna sredstva);• maπina za meπenje testa;• sveæe voÊe i povrÊe;• obnova deËje obuÊe za sve sezone;• 1 transportno sredstvo za decu (mini kombi).

Prioriteti:• edukacija vaspitaËa za rad sa decom sa posebnim potrebama;• normativima priznato radno mesto medicinske sestre;• poveÊanje broja vaspitaËa na 12 (2 za prihvatnu stanicu, 2 noÊna, joπ2 za svaku smenu);• raËunar i obuka za rad na raËunarima;• edukacija iz oblasti praktiËnog rada sa decom koja imaju problema uponaπanju, problemima adolescencije, kao i temama vezanim zapreventivu bolesti zavisnosti.

Kompleks doma sadræi dva objekta - jedan (A) od 990 kvm i drugi (B) od 600 kvm. Sagraeni su 1983.godine.Spoljni izgled doma je zadovoljavajuÊi dok su enterijeri, kao i oprema u domu u vrlo loπem stanju.Drveni spoljni prozori su dotrajali, iskrivljeni i teπko se zatvaraju pa ih je neophodno zameniti. Ulaznadrvena vrata, na oba objekta, treba popraviti ili zameniti. Krov na objektu A prokiπnjava i neophodna jesanacija.Trpezarija i kuhinja, koje se nalaze u objektu A su neadekvatne pa bi trebalo izgraditi poseban objekat zatu namenu.KreËenje je neophodno u oba objekta. Podovi i unutraπnja vrata po prostorijama su potpuno dotrajali -potrebna zamena ili restauracija.Po sobama, a naroËito u dnevnim boravcima, nameπtaj je vrlo loπ ili ne postoji. Neophodna je nabavkakompletnog nameπtaja: kreveta, ormana, polica, stolova, stolica kao i posteljina.Kupatila su delimiËno adaptirana, tj. negde su zamenjene ploËice ili WC πolje. Potrebno je zameniti vrata idovrπiti adaptaciju.

Dom za decu u Banji KoviljaËi je formiran kao dom za ratnu siroËad posle Prvog svetskog rata. U novuzgradu, namenski graenu sredstvima Fondacije “Solidarnost” (sa donatorskim uËeπÊem bivπih πtiÊenikaDoma), Dom je useljen 1984. godine.Kapacitet doma je 6O mesta ili 5 vaspitnih grupa a sada je u domu 62 dece.Vaspitni rad realizuje 8 vaspitaËa i pedagog. Jedan od vaspitaËa je oligofrenopedagog i stalni je ËlanstruËnog tima zbog visokog procenta dece usporenog mentalnog razvoja. VeÊ duæe vreme je otvorenkonkurs za psihologa, zbog planiranja i realizacije individualnih planova zaπtite (odnosno, preciznije,dopunske dijagnostike koja kasnije omoguÊava pedagogu da odredi adekvatno vaspitno delovanje), zadecu sa emotivnim smetnjama, poremeÊajima navika i dr.

TeπkoÊa u vaspitnom i obrazovnom radu u ovom domu je relativno visok procenat dece poreklom izsubkulturnih zajednica u kojima obrazovanje nije visoko rangovano u sistemu vrednosti i koja napuπtajuπkolovanje u viπim razredima osnovne πkole.

U domu je smeπteno 62 dece liπene roditeljskog staranja a kapacitet ustanove je 60.NajveÊi broj dece je uzrasta od 7 do 14 godina (dve treÊine). U ovom domu je smeπteno20 lako mentalno ometene dece.



Prioriteti:

2 Dom za decu bez roditeljskog staranja“Vera BlagojeviÊ”, Banja KoviljaËa Vojvoanskih brigada bb, 15316 Banja KoviljaËa • telefon: 015-818-395 • faks: 015-818-395

• obnavljanje kompletnog nameπtaja u dnevnim i spavaÊim sobama(kreveti, ormari, stolovi, stolice);• zamena spoljnih prozora, unutraπnjih i ulaznih vrata;• izgradnja posebnog objekta za kuhinju i trpezariju;• sanacija krova na objektu A;• nabavka velike cirkularne pumpe za grejanje i popravka svihradijatora.

Prema uputstvima nadleænog ministarstva, pre dve godine su vaspitne grupe izjednaËene po uzrastu. UDomu procenjuju da organizacija rada u grupama istog uzrasta ometa mlau decu da se uËe pravilimaporodiËnog æivota i komunikaciji sa drugim uzrastima.Deca pohaaju osnovnu πkolu u Banji a srednju πkolu u Loznici i putuju 6 kilometara.Dom je u prijatnom spoljaπnjem okruæenju ali, zbog blizine dræavne granice, ima problema sakontrolisanjem dece starijeg uzrasta koja putuju u πkolu u Loznicu i imaju prilike za razliËita, Ëestosocijalno riziËna poznanstva.Dom je uvek popunjenog kapaciteta i u bliskoj perspektivi postoji potreba za njegovim daljim postojanjem.

Jedna od teπkoÊa u ostvarivanju osnovne zdravstvene zaπtite dece je udaljenost Doma zdravlja Loznica,koji je nadleæan za zdravstveni nadzor nad decom. U domu je veÊ duæe vreme zaposlena medicinska sestrazbog zdravstvene i higijenske preventive i kontrole stanja dece.

U domu su obezbeena tri obroka za korisnike, a mlaa deca imaju i uæine. Osnovni nedostatak ishraneje neredovno konzumiranje sveæeg voÊa i povrÊa.

Snabdevanje dece odeÊom i obuÊom, sredstvima za higijenu i πkolskim priborom je dobro, jer se ostvarujeredovnim donacijama humanitarnih organizacija.

Miπljenje zaposlenih Podrπka deci pri izlasku iz doma

Vaspitno osoblje Doma ima potrebe za æivljom saradnjom sa drugim ustanovama istog tipa. Jedna odnjihovih ideja je da timovi struËnjaka borave u Domu i praktiËno prikazuju svoj naËin rada.Zaposleni smatraju da je postojanje doma opravdano i pored toga πto u tom regionu postoji razvijenporodiËni smeπtaj.U domu se smatra da priprema dece za izlazak iz doma nije potpuna, da su deca psiholoπki prezaπtiÊenai da je izlazak iz doma traumatiËan dogaaj, posebno zato πto spoljaπnja podrπka, praktiËno, ne postoji.


Prioriteti:

Prioriteti:• psiholog;• poveÊanje broja vaspitaËa po normativima jer 1 vaspitaË na grupuonemoguÊava da se “pokrije” rad preko vikenda;• normativima odobriti zapoπljavanje medicinske sestre.

• osnovni lekovi za priruËnu apoteku;• namirnice: paπteta, mleko, med, voÊe, povrÊe, meso;• obuÊa za decu za sve sezone, donji veπ, Ëarape, patike, trenerke.

Kompleks objekata doma u Beloj Crkvi datira iz 1900. godine a rekonstruisan je 1989.g. Sastoji se od Ëetiriobjekta, koji svojim poloæajem formiraju unutraπnje dvoriπte, pravougaonog oblika - 1000 kvm.Generalno, objekti su u dobrom stanju, sem unutraπnjeg prizemnog objekta (III) u kome se pojavila vlagausled podzemnih voda. Potrebna je sanacija vlage i kompletna adaptacija zidova i prostora za boravakdece, kao i rekreativne sale.Na prizemni objekat (II) sa spoljne strane, koji ima ravan krov, moguÊe je dograditi sprat sa kosim krovom,Ëime bi se proπirili kapaciteti za postojeÊi broj dece. MoguÊe je iskoristiti tavanski prostor i u objektu I i IIs ciljem proπirenja kapaciteta.

• sanacija vlage u prizemnom objektu;• adaptacija rekreativne sale i dnevnih boravaka.

Dom za decu u Beloj Crkvi je formiran 1960. godine.Dom se nalazi u centru grada ali deca u svojim aktivnostima nisu time ugroæena jer su graevinski idvoriπni prostor doma dovoljno prostrani.Kapacitet doma je 120 mesta (10 vaspitnih grupa), a na smeπtaju je 107 dece (9 vaspitnih grupa). VeÊinadece je osnovnoπkolskog uzrasta jer su u gradu skromni uslovi za πkolovanje u srednjoj πkoli.Prazan prostor jedne vaspitne grupe se iznajmljuje sportistima koji dolaze na pripreme i od toga dom imaprihod. Dom prihoduje i tako πto se u njemu pere rublje za neke radne organizacije, a ostvaruje odreeneprihode i radom mini-pekare koja postoji u domu. Postoji plan da se pokrenu i druge aktivnosti za dodatneprihode. Dodatni prihodi su omoguÊili da se standard æivota dece odræi u vreme neredovnih uplata izbudæeta Republike za smeπtaj dece.U domu ima 37 dece lako mentalno ometene u razvoju i ta deca su u specijalnim odeljenjima osnovneπkole. Posle zavrπene osnovne πkole ova deca odlaze u drugi dom radi nastavljanja πkolovanja ili se ugradu obuËavaju na kursevima za jednostavnija zanimanja, jer u gradu nema srednje specijalne πkole. Uosnovnoj πkoli se ne formiraju specijalna odeljenja za svaki razred ako nema dovoljno uËenika, πto utiËena moguÊnost prijema dece u ovaj dom.Vaspitni rad je organizovan na principu homogenizovanja vaspitnih grupa po uzrastu. Svaka grupa imasvoj odvojen i na specifiËan naËin oznaËen prostor (naziv, naËin ureenja prostora).Broj zaposlenih vaspitaËa je usklaen sa normativima, vaspitaË nepopunjene grupe je organizatorvaspitnog rada. Poslove struËnog tima obavlja samo socijalni radnik. U domu je duæe vreme otvorenkonkurs za zapoπljavanje psihologa.

U domu je smeπteno 107 dece liπene roditeljskog staranja, a kapacitet doma je 120mesta. NajveÊi broj dece je uzrasta od 7 do 14 godina, a starijih od 18 godina jesedmoro πtiÊenika. Problem u koncepciji rada je uveÊavanje broja lako mentalnoometne dece kojoj je pruæen smeπtaj u domu (sada je u domu smeπteno 37 dece), kaoi Ëinjenica da je u domu smeπteno dvoje dece koja su umereno mentalno ometena.



Prioriteti:

3 Dom za decu bez roditeljskog staranja“Vera RadivojeviÊ”, Bela CrkvaUlica Jovana CvijiÊa 1, Bela Crkva • telefon: 013-853-021 • faks: 013-853-145

Planiranje i organizacija vaspitno-obrazovnog rada se oslanja, kao i u drugim domovima, na Osnovevaspitno-obrazovnog rada u domovima za decu i mlade bez roditeljskog staranja Prosvetnog saveta Srbijei Uputstva za rad struËnih saradnika iz programa vaspitnog rada u domovima uËenika.U vaspitnom radu karakteristiËno je insistiranje na pripremi za æivot u porodici i obavezama udomaÊinstvu, πto se ostvaruje kroz zajedniËke aktivnosti u domu, rad sekcija, radna zaduæenja (rad ukuhinji, ureivanje æivotnog prostora, rad sa majstorima).Vaænost se daje sportu, u Ëemu imaju pomoÊ bivπeg vaspitaËa, profesora fiskulture i sportista i sportskihorganizacija sa kojima sarauju.Deca su prihvaÊena u lokalnoj zajednici, a dokaz za to je Ëinjenica da se dosta dece po izlasku iz domazapoπljava u gradu kao, i to πto je sklopljeno mnogo brakova.

Opπta zdravstvena zaπtita dece se sprovodi u Domu zdravlja koji je u neposrednoj blizini doma, aspecijalistiËki pregledi se obavljaju u bolnicama u Vrπcu ili Beogradu. Za prevoz dece do bolniËkog centradom je obezbedio kombi i putniËko vozilo.Period nestaπice lekova ovaj dom je uspevao da prebrodi zahvaljujuÊi podrπci fabrike lekova “Hemofarm”iz Vrπca i bolnice za pluÊne bolesti iz Bele Crkve. Higijenski nadzor i higijensko-medicinsko vaspitanje decesprovode vaspitaËi i medicinska sestra, zaposlena sa polovinom radnog vremena. Medicinska sestra jezaduæena za neposrednu saradnju sa zdravstvenim ustanovama u zdravstvenoj kontroli i leËenju dece kaoi za higijensko i zdravstveno vaspitanje, praÊenje zdravstvenog stanja dece. Meu smeπtenom decomnema hroniËnih i teæih bolesti.

Miπljenje zaposlenih Proπirenje træiπno-ekonomske delatnosti

Vaspitno osoblje ima potrebu za razmenom iskustava sa drugim kolegama iz drugih domova, kao i zaosveæenjem znanja.Za dalji razvoj ustanove se smatra potrebnim smanjenje kapaciteta doma na optimalni nivo od 80-90 dece,smanjenje broja dece u vaspitnoj grupi ili poveÊanje broja vaspitaËa ili drugog osoblja za neposredni rads decom. Ustanova ima nameru da proπiruje træiπno-ekonomsku delatnost i u cilju vaspitno-obrazovnog rada, radneobuke dece, materijalne dobiti i moguÊeg zapoπljavanja dece koja izau iz doma.Dom je, u planovima na nivou opπtine i Ministarstva za privredu, predvien za gajenje svilene bube. U lokalnoj sredini se smatra da je potrebno postojanje doma jer, iako ima zainteresovanih za hraniteljstvo,poloæaj hraniteljske zaπtite ih demotiviπe.Kao reπenje problema osamostaljivanja dece po izlasku iz doma zaposleni nude povezivanje dece saporodicama starih osoba koje æive bez naslednika.


Prioriteti:

Prioriteti:

• lekovi: antibiotici, antipiretici, antimikotici, alkohol, povidon,hloramfenikol (1%, 5%), acido-borici, testovi za proveravanje trudnoÊe;• namirnice: med, meso, margarin, paπtete, naresci, suhomesnatiproizvodi;• oprema u kuhinji: friæider;• odeÊa i obuÊa: patike, Ëarape, cipele, veπ, jakne, trenerke.

• psiholog;• seminari razmene iskustava i doedukacija radi osveæenja i dopuneznanja;• edukacija iz programa “PomoÊ pomagaËima” - rad na relaksaciji zbogzamora vaspitaËa.

DeËje seloU okviru kompleksa DeËjeg sela nalazi se 13 tipskih stambenih jedinica, matiËni objekat saviπenamenskom salom i upravom, okruæen ureenim otvorenim prostorom za boravak dece.Tipske jedinice, kao i matiËni objekat, graeni su 1975. godine i u odliËnom su stanju. Neke od tipskihjedinica oπteÊene su tokom bombardovanja pa je naknadno svih 13 krovova sanirano. Kuhinja, koja senalazi u suterenu jedne od stambenih jedinica, ne zadovoljava potrebe Ëitavog kompleksa i treba jeizmestiti.Enterijer i enterijerska oprema su u odliËnom stanju i vrlo dobro su odræavani.

Omladinski domU okviru kompleksa su dva objekta. Objekat A od oko 600 kvm graevinski je u solidnom stanju. Trebasanirati fasadu, a problem ravnog krova reπiti nadgradnjom i kosim krovom, za πta postoji projektnadokumentacija. Prozori su zamenjeni novim.Unutraπnjost objekta je u mnogo loπijem stanju. Unutraπnja vrata treba popraviti ili zameniti gde je toneophodno.Podove, takoe, treba popraviti i renovirati. Kupatila su za kompletnu adaptaciju i zamenu opreme.Kompletan nameπtaj po sobama i dnevnim boravcima treba popraviti ili zameniti novim (gde je toneophodno).Objekat B, sa prihvatnom stanicom od oko 450 kvm, u loπijem je stanju. Sem neophodnog saniranjafasade, prozore treba kompletno zameniti.Problem ravnog krova postoji i u ovom objektu i treba ga reπiti na isti naËin kao u objektu A za πta takoepostoji projektna dokumentacija.Po kupatilima ima vlage, koju treba sanirati, a sama kupatila kompletno adaptirati i zameniti opremu.Podovi i zidovi su takoe za adaptaciju kao i spavaÊe sobe i dnevni boravci. Kompletna zamena nameπtajaje neophodna. Kuhinja i trpezarija su neadekvatne i trebalo bi ih adaptirati u okviru postojeÊeg prostora.Staze oko objekta, unutar ograenog dvoriπta, treba sanirati a otvorena igraliπta betonirati i privesti ihnameni.

DeËje selo• izdvajanje kuhinje iz jedne odstambenih jedinica i adaptacija.

Omladinski dom• rekonstrukcija ravnog krova;• kompletna adaptacija kupatila;• zamena kompletnog nameπtajapo sobama i dnevnim boravcima.

U okviru kompleksa SOS DeËje selo “Dr Milorad PavloviÊ”, pored sela, nalazi se i Omladinskidom u Novom Sadu. Ova ustanova je nekada bila punopravni Ëlan Meunarodne organizacijedeËjih sela. Za sada, ovo je jedino deËje selo u Jugoslaviji.U DeËjem selu je u 13 tipskih kuÊica smeπteno 164 dece (kapacitet je 156) i najveÊi broj dece(119) je uzrasta od 7 do 14 godina.U Omladinskom domu je smeπteno 54 dece (kapacitet je 60). U okviru doma postoji i prihvatnastanica koja moæe da pruæi privremeno utoËiπte za desetoro dece. Ova ustanova ima 30 decelako mentalno ometene i ona su, zbog blizine πkole, smeπtena u domu u Novom Sadu.SOS DeËje selo ima u vlasniπtvu i Ëetiri stana u Novom Sadu namenjena deci koja izau iz doma.


Prioriteti:

4 SOS DeËje selo “Dr Milorad PavloviÊ”, SremskaKamenica i Omladinski dom, Novi SadKameniËki park 1-14, 21208 Sremska Kamenica • telefon: 021-461-177, 461-871 • faks: 021-462-960

Ustanova SOS DeËje selo ima dve organizacione jedinice za smeπtaj dece bez roditeljskog staranja - SOSDeËje selo u Sremskoj Kamenici i SOS Omladinski dom u Novom Sadu.SOS DeËje selo je otvoreno 1975. godine, nekoliko godina je bilo punopravni Ëlan meunarodneorganizacije SOS DeËje selo, zadnjih godina za to ne ispunjava uslove zbog odstupanja od izvornihprincipa ove organizacije u pogledu strukture zaposlenih i razliËitosti u regulisanju statusa zaposlenih.DeËje selo ima podrπku meunarodne organizacije SOS DeËje selo koja je posebno doπla do izraæaja uposlednje dve godine (podrπka i materijalna pomoÊ za izdræavanje dece, obnavljanje oπteÊenih objekata iopreme, proπirenje stambenog fonda i dr.).Ustanova je specifiËna po organizaciji prostora, naËinu stanovanja i organizaciji æivota dece. Deca æive u13 posebnih kuÊa oko kojih je park veliËine 4 hektara. Svaka kuÊa predstavlja kompletno opremljen stanu kome, kao u porodici, æivi po 12 dece koja Ëine jednu vaspitnu grupu. Grupe su heterogene po uzrastui polu. Deca su uzrasta 3 do 2O godina. Po dve kuÊice Ëine jednu funkcionalnu celinu i o deci u njima brinudva vaspitaËa koja rade po smenama i po tri domaÊice-negovateljice. U svakoj smeni su sa decom iz dvekuÊice vaspitaË i negovateljica koji dele obaveze oko dece. VaspitaË radi sa decom prvenstveno naorganizaciji uËenja i pomoÊi oko uËenja, a negovateljice oko obaveza u kuÊi - porodici, pripremi obroka,sticanja higijenskih navika. Tokom noÊi, sa decom su negovateljice i obezbeenje ustanove. Æivot dece uDeËjem selu najviπe liËi na prirodan æivot porodice od svih drugih oblika institucionalne brige o deci.U DeËjem selu funkcioniπe potpuni struËni tim, povremeno sa dva psihologa, konsultativno se angaæuje ineuropsihijatar.U vaspitnom radu se na prvo mesto stavlja stvaranje tople porodiËne atmosfere, uËenje porodiËnom æivotuu kome svako dete ima svoje mesto. Tome, svakako, doprinosi naËin stanovanja i organizacija æivota.Deca se πkoluju u samom mestu ili u Novom Sadu, zavisno od πkole koju pohaaju. Deca predπkolskoguzrasta odlaze u vrtiÊ.Druga organizaciona jedinica ustanove je SOS Omladinski dom u Novom Sadu u kome su na smeπtaju decabez roditeljskog staranja starijeg uzrasta koja su u srednjim πkolama i na radnom osposobljavanju. Posleruπenja mostova, zbog oteæanog putovanja u specijalnu πkolu koja je u gradu, u Omladinski dom jesmeπtena i grupa dece lako ometene u mentalnom razvoju osnovnoπkolskog uzrasta.Kapacitet ustanove je 58 mesta ili 5 vaspitnih grupa za stalni smeπtaj, 10 mesta za prihvatnu stanicu, a uprostoru ovog doma je poludnevni boravak za 60 dece osnovnoπkolskog uzrasta koji finansira grad NoviSad.Delatnost doma se odvija u dve odvojene zgrade okruæene parkom i sportskim terenima. Organizacijaprostora je preteæno internatskog tipa πto uslovljava i organizaciju vaspitnog rada.Broj vaspitaËa i sastav struËnog tima su u skladu sa normativima o struËnom radu u ustanovama socijalnezaπtite.S obzirom na uzrast dece, u vaspitnom radu se prvenstvena paænja poklanja obrazovanju, profesionalnomosposobljavanju i ukljuËivanju u πiru socijalnu sredinu.Osim obrazovanja dece, u obe organizacione jedinice se insistira na razvijanju posebnih sposobnosti krozrad sekcija i na istupanju u javnosti preko sredstava informisanja i uËeπÊem na priredbama. Ustanova viπegodina izdaje list ´Platan´. Ustanova SOS DeËje selo je uËinila prve korake da pomogne mladima koji izlazeiz doma da se osamostale, obezbeivanjem stanova. Ustanova ima 4 opremljena stana u kojima æivestudenti i mladi koji poËinju da rade. U planu je kupovina seoske kuÊe za radnu obuku dece iz poslovapoljoprivrednog domaÊinstva i za malu ekonomiju.


Prioriteti:• organizaciono odvajanje DeËjeg sela i Omladinskog doma;• izdvajanje prihvatne stanice iz objekta Omladinskog doma uposebnu zgradu koja bi bila graena u dvoriπtu doma;• psiholog;• neophodno, kroz normative, priznavanje radnih mesta 23 negovateljiceza DeËje selo;• edukacija za struËne radnike za grupni rad;• edukacija za uvoenje dece u tehnike uËenja;• edukacija za rad sa lako mentalno ometenom decom, posebno zaorganizovanje njihovog slobodnog vremena.

Zdravstvena zaπtita dece se sprovodi u domovima zdravlja (opπta zdravstvena zaπtita) i u specijalistiËkimustanovama. VaspitaËi vode raËuna o zdravstvenoj preventivi i redovnim kontrolama u saradnji sadomovima zdravlja.Medicinska sestra je prvenstveno zaduæena za poslove u prihvatnoj stanici u domu u Novom Sadu. Domje angaæovao neuropsihijatra radi preventive iz oblasti mentalne higijene.

Ishrana je usklaena sa potrebama dece. Jelovnik se pravi za mesec dana unapred, a svakodnevno u ishraniima voÊa, salate ili kolaËa.

OdeÊa i obuÊa se uglavnom dobija posredstvom humanitarnih organizacija. Praksa doma je da se kupujenova odeÊa za maturante.


Miπljenje zaposlenih Izgradnja novih deËjih sela

Stav zaposlenih je da je forma institucionalnog zbrinjavanja dece tipa DeËjeg sela najprimerenijapotrebama dece koja nemaju porodiËnu brigu. Zbog toga u ovoj ustanovi veruju da je jedan od pravacarazvoja sistema institucionalne zaπtite dece - izgradnja novih deËjih sela. ImajuÊi u vidu da Omladinski dom u Novom Sadu funkcioniπe na sasvim drugaËijoj koncepciji, predlog jeda se ove dve ustanove organizaciono odvoje, tako da Omladinski dom bude ustanova internatskog tipaza smeπtaj mladih bez roditeljskog staranja, za decu srednjoπkolskog i studentskog uzrasta. U ovom domuima prostora za adaptaciju posebnih stambenih celina za mlau decu lako ometenu u razvoju (grupe od 6do 8 dece) i da se u potkrovlju adaptiraju sobe za studente ili mlade koji izlaze iz doma.Predloæeno je da se za potrebe prihvatne stanice izgradi posebna zgrada u dvoriπtu kako bi se obezbedilahigijenska i zdravstvena zaπtita i, ako je potrebno, izolacija, i kako bi bilo moguÊe sprovoditi posebanvaspitni tretman za ovu grupu dece.Plan DeËjeg sela je da kupi seosku kuÊu sa okuÊnicom za proizvodnju jaja, povrÊa i sl. kako bi se deca,koja mogu biti usmerena za æivot na selu, radno angaæovala i pripremila za otpust.Postoji ideja da dom, u svom ili iznajmljenom prostoru, otvara zanatske ili usluæne radionice u kojima biradila deca iz doma i iz grada, u okviru πkolske prakse, ili kasnije, po izlasku iz doma.

Graevinski objekat je u solidnom stanju. Stolarija, tj. prozori su iskrivljeni usled teæine, jednostruki su iËesto bez termo stakala (jednostruko, obiËno staklo od 3 mm). Ovaj problem prouzrokuje ogromnegubitke toplotne energije. Neophodna je sanacija ili zamena ramova kao i zamena stakla termo staklom ilikliritom.U kupatilima ne postoji kvalitetna hidro izolacija pa se po vertikalama javlja vlaga ili curenje. Potrebno jeizvrπiti sanaciju hidro izolacije i zamenu dela instalacija.Oprema po sobama i dnevnim boravcima nije menjana od 1984. godine i potpuno je dotrajala. Neophodnaje nabavka novog nameπtaja kao i sanacija podova.Trpezarija je 1999. godine proπirena dogradnjom ali nije postignut zadovoljavajuÊi kapacitet. I daljepostoji potreba za proπirenjem kuhinje, na isti naËin kao i u ranije izvedenoj dogradnji.

• proπirenje kuhinje;• hidro izolacija i zamena dela instalacija u kupatilima;• nabavka nameπtaja za dnevne i spavaÊe sobe.

Dom za decu i omladinu “Duπko RadoviÊ” u Niπu je jedan od prvih domova namenski graen za domporodiËnog tipa i nekoliko godina je funkcionisao po tom konceptu - vaspitaËi su æiveli u domu sa decom.Kapacitet doma je 96 mesta (8 vaspitnih grupa), sada je na smeπtaju 101 dete, polovina dece jeosnovnoπkolskog uzrasta, a u domu je 17 dece usporenog intelektualnog razvoja. Sva deca su naπkolovanju, dvoje studiraju. U domu je formirana prihvatna stanica za decu.U organizaciji vaspitnog rada u domu je raeno na principu homogenizacije vaspitnih grupa po uzrastu,ali se zbog nepovoljnih iskustava, dom vraÊa na princip organizacije vaspitnih grupa, meπovitih premauzrastu i drugim karakteristikama.Broj vaspitaËa je u skladu sa normativima za domski rad, obezbeeni su vaspitaËi za prihvatnu stanicu.Poslove struËnog rada obavljaju socijalni radnik i psiholog.Broj struËnih radnika u neposrednom radu sa decom nije dovoljan da se pokriju sve potrebe dece i da imajupunu kontrolu aktivnosti i ponaπanja dece. U domu se insistira na poπtovanju kuÊnog reda kao dnevneorganizacije rada. Rad vaspitaËa je prvenstveno usmeren na praÊenje i kontrolu πkolskog uspeha, a manjena organizaciju slobodnih aktivnosti i rad dece u sekcijama prema individualnom izboru i interesovanjima.Poπto je πkolski uspeh dece skroman zbog slabijih sposobnosti ili nerazvijenih interesovanja za uËenje,

U domu je smeπteno 101 dete, a kapacitet ustanove je 96 mesta. U okviru doma postojii prihvatna stanica sa 10 mesta za privremeni smeπtaj dece. ©est πtiÊenika je starije od18 godina. Broj lako mentalno ometene dece je 17, ali je karakteristiËan problem ovogdoma to πto je veÊina dece graniËnih intelektualnih sposobnosti.U domu su veÊ viπe godina smeπtene i izbeglice tako da je kapacitet doma svo vremepreoptereÊen za oko 30 odsto.



Prioriteti:

5 Dom za decu i omladinu“Duπko RadoviÊ”, NiπUlica Drinke PavloviÊ 4A, 18000 Niπ • telefon: 018-716-168 • faks: 018-714-137

insistiranje na uËenju dovodi do rizika od izbegavanja πkole i skliznuÊa u nepoæeljne oblike ponaπanja.Gradska sredina Niπa je bogata ponudom dogaanja i susreta koji mogu biti provokativni u svimsmerovima. U ovom domu je uvek otvoreno pitanje naËina podsticanja dece da poπtuju kuÊni red i obaveze, odnosnosistem nagraivanja. VeÊ je ustaljena praksa da se deca, kada izau iz doma, udruæe i stanuju zajedno.

Meu smeπtenom decom ima dece sa znacima promena u mentalnom zdravlju te postoji znaËajna saradnjasa Zavodom za mentalno zdravlje.Zdravstvena zaπtita se sprovodi u domu zdravlja i specijalistiËkim ustanovama, prema potrebi. Na prijemudece, na osnovu dostavljene medicinske dokumentacije i pregleda u domu zdravlja, formira se potpunadokumentacija i prati se zdravstveno stanje deteta. U domu je zaposlena medicinska sestra koja vrπi kontrolu zdravstvenog stanja i preventivne preglede.Zdravstveno vaspitanje sprovode medicinska sestra, lekar i struËnjaci Zavoda za zaπtitu zdravlja i Zavodaza mentalno zdravlje.

Hranu za dom obezbeuju meunarodne humanitarne organizacije i, delimiËno, nadleæno ministarstvo,tako da su potrebe dece solidno zadovoljene. Deo namirnica se kupuje na træiπtu, a u domu se priprema izimnica.

Potrebe dece za odeÊom i obuÊom su, takoe, solidno zadovoljene jer su i odeÊa i obuÊa deo redovnihisporuka humanitarnih organizacija.

Miπljenje zaposlenih Dogradnja prostora za stacionar za odojËad i decu do 5 godina

VaspitaËi smatraju da institucionalni oblik zbrinjavanja dece i dalje ima perspektivu (u ovom domu je uvekpopunjen kapacitet). Zgrada ima moguÊnost nadogradnje i postojao je plan u gradu da se taj prostoradaptira za stacionar za odojËad i decu do 5 godina za jugoistoËni deo Srbije (kapacitet bi mogao biti do30 mesta).


Prioriteti:

Prioriteti:• poveÊanje broja struËnih radnika;• priznavanje normativima radnih mesta za dve medicinske sestre;• angaæovanje joπ osam vaspitaËa, da bi se omoguÊio smenski rad(posebno zbog pada kvaliteta uËenja dece normalnih intelektualnihsposobnosti koja klize u vaspitnu zapuπtenost);• edukacija za rad sa decom sa poremeÊajima u ponaπanju;• izrada struËnih priruËnika za struËno-vaspitni rad u ustanovi.

• medicinski ureaji: vaga za merenje teæine i visine, meraË pritiska,stetoskop;• veπ, Ëarape i posteljina;• ostala neophodna oprema: maπina za pranje i suπenje veπa, valjak zapeglanje, bojleri za vaspitne grupe, grejaËi za kiper, peÊnice i bojlere,termostati za bojler, grejaËi za kazan, magnetni ventili, prekidaËi, πukoprikljuËnice, nautilus slavine.

Ovaj dom za decu bez roditeljskog staranja graen je namenski 1955. godine, spratnosti jePpr+3+potkrovlje i povrπine oko 2300 kvm.Iako je objekat renoviran 1987. godine generalno je u loπem stanju. Osnovni problem je instalacijavodovoda i kanalizacije koja je delom dotrajala tako da je neophodna kompletna rekonstrukcija. Deofasadnog zida, a delimiËno i unutraπnjih zidova na mestima gde su vodovodne i kanalizacione vertikale,propao je od vlage, zbog Ëega je neophodna sanacija.Elektroinstalacija takoe zahteva rekonstrukciju.Drvenarija, tj. prozori i vrata su u loπem stanju. Treba ih popraviti ili zameniti novim. Enterijerska opremaje relativno zadovoljavajuÊa. Krevete, ormare i stolove treba renovirati i nabaviti nove stolice.Kupatila treba adaptirati i zameniti opremu (WC πolje, lavaboe i tuπ kabine).Podovi i zidovi su relativno zadovoljavajuÊi. Zahtevaju popravku i adaptaciju u delovima gde ima vlage.

• rekonstrukcija elektroinstalacije, vodovodne i kanalizacione mreæe;• obnova enterijerske opreme;• adaptacija kupatila;• zamena prozora.

Dom za decu “Jefimija” se nalazi u mirnoj gradskoj ulici Kruπevca, sa prostranim, ureenim dvoriπtem.Prostor doma obezbeuje smeπtaj za 72 deteta (6 vaspitnih grupa). Sada je na smeπtaju 73 deteta od kojihje 42 osnovnoπkolskog uzrasta, 21 srednjoπkoskog uzrasta, a ostali su mlai ili stariji. Oko 20 dece jeusporenog intelektualnog razvoja.Sa decom radi 8 vaspitaËa, socijalni radnik i psiholog. Svi zaposleni rade u tri smene πto im omoguÊava iintimniji pristup deci tokom veËeri ali i uzrokuje duæe prekide kontakta na dva do tri dana. Broj zaposlenihu neposrednom radu sa decom je usklaen sa normativima socijalne zaπtite o struËnom radu, ali ne i sapotrebama dece za kontaktom.Za ovaj dom je karakteristiËno da ima manje ostalog zaposlenog osoblja i da u radu sa decom svako odzaposlenih ima dodatni sadræaj rada prema svojim posebnim znanjima i sposobnostima.U organizaciji vaspitnog rada se Ëini napor da se poπtuju potrebe deteta kod rasporeivanja u vaspitnegrupe te nije bilo prelaska na grupe homogenizovane prema uzrastu. U poπtovanju kuÊnog reda i ritmadnevnih aktivnosti vodi se raËuna o individualnim moguÊnostima dece.

U domu je smeπteno 73 dece, a utvreni kapacitet ustanove je 72 deteta. Viπe odpolovine ukupnog broja dece je osnovnoπkolskog uzrasta. Broj lako mentalno ometenedece je 20. Veliki broj dece (39) ima samo jednog roditelja, a bez oba roditelja jeπestoro πtiÊenika.



Prioriteti:

6 Dom za decu i omladinu bez roditeljskog staranja“Jefimija”, KruπevacUlica Veselina NikoliÊa 51, 37000 Kruπevac • telefon: 037-21-027 • faks: 037-23-653

PraÊenje individualnih interesovanja i sposobnosti dece se ostvaruje kroz rad brojnih sekcija iomoguÊavanjem deci da se angaæuju u gradskim organizacijama. Ispunjenje svih potreba dece zadodatnim aktivnostima je ponekad onemoguÊeno nedostatkom materijala ili opreme. U cilju πto boljepripreme dece za æivot posle izlaska iz doma i nalaæenja posla, deca se obuËavaju za rad na kompjuteru.Dom je integrisan u gradsku sredinu, deca kontaktiraju sa vrπnjacima i uËestvuju u kulturnim deπavanjimau gradu.

Poπto se za decu prilikom prijema u dom dostavlja prethodna zdravstvena dokumentacija i uverenje ozdravstvenom stanju, kao i kod svakog smeπtaja u ustanovu socijalne zaπtite, zdravstveno praÊenje,preventiva i u celini opπta zdravstvena zaπtita se ostvaruje preko doma zdravlja. SpecijalistiËki pregledi serade ili u gradu ili u drugim zdravstvenim centrima, prema propisima zdravstva i zdravstvenog osiguranja.Na smeπtaju nema dece sa teæim problemima zdravlja. Zdravstveno vaspitanje se sprovodi u saradnji sazdravstvenim ustanovama.

Hrana se ne sprema u ustanovi veÊ se kupuje u specijalizovanoj organizaciji za proizvodnju hrane poustaljenoj tradiciji.

Deca su, uglavnom, dobro snabdevena odeÊom i obuÊom.

Miπljenje zaposlenih Adaptacija prostora za dodatne aktivnosti dece

Ustanova ima renome u socijalnoj zaπtiti i u domu se smatra da Êe i u narednim godinama kapacitet oveustanove biti popunjen. Ne planira se promena kapaciteta, obezbeeni su optimalni uslovi za æivot dece usadaπnjem broju. Postoje planovi adaptacije dela prostora za dodatne aktivnosti (obezbeen projekat idozvole).


Prioriteti:

Prioriteti:• poveÊanje broja vaspitaËa radi poboljπanja neposrednog kontakta sadecom;• godiπnji struËni sastanci psihologa i socijalnih radnika;• dva ciklusa predavanja za psihologe o emocionalno bihejvioralnimterapijama;• edukacija vaspitaËa o problematici MNR dece, karakteristikama imetodama rada sa ovom kategorijom dece;• radioniËarski rad vezan za sve probleme dece πkolskog uzrasta(edukacija vaspitnog osoblja za radioniËarski rad).

• namirnice: sveæe voÊe, meso, mleko, suhomesnati proizvodi;• posteljina i peπkiri;• ostala neophodna oprema: πkolska tabla, lopte, koπ, klackalice iljuljaπke za igraliπte, hemikalije i papir za fotolaboratoriju, tekstilnimaterijal za ruËni rad.

Generalno stanje objekta je dobro. Postoje zahtevi korisnika za poboljπanje uslova meu kojima je, na primer, proπirenjednevnog boravka za bebe (u okviru objekta) za πta postoji projektna dokumentacija.Zbog zaguπenja odvoda kanalizacije iz kuhinje, potrebno je izvesti novi odvod od kuhinje u mreæu kanalizacije. Radi funkcionalnije komunikacije, potrebno je otvoriti direktan izlaz iz perionice (podrum) u dvoriπte, za πta postojerealne moguÊnosti.U kompleksu doma, pored otvorenih igraliπta, postoji i poseban objekat “igraonice” za koji je neophodno izvesti “toplu”vezu sa matiËnim objektom ili napraviti dva mokra Ëvora u okviru same “igraonice”. Za ovaj predlog postoji projektnadokumentacija.

Dom za decu “Kolevka”Ulica Jaπe IgnjatoviÊa bb, 24000 Subotica • telefon: 024-554-520 • faks: 024-552-560

Dom “Kolevka” ima skoro stogodiπnju tradiciju u zbrinjavanju dece bez roditeljskog staranja i dece ugroæene porodiËnimuslovima. Sadaπnji koncept organizacije ustanove je socijalno-zdravstvena zaπtita dece bez roditeljskog staranja, uzrasta 0 do 7godina, πto znaËi da je dom delom stacionarnog tipa. Za stacionarno odeljenje (14O mesta) je karakteristiËan velikikapacitet rehabilitacionog dela (12O mesta) - za negu dece sa smetnjama u razvoju i zdravlju. Na smeπtaju je i 6O decekoja su, u osnovi, bez rizika u psihofiziËkom razvoju, od toga 17 dece uzrasta 3 do 6 godina. U ustanovi funkcioniπe iprihvatna stanica. U domu je planirano formiranje materinskog doma, ali se zbog nedovoljne potrebe za tim oblikomsmeπtaja, odustalo od ideje.ImajuÊi u vidu uzrast i sastav dece, jasna je struktura zaposlenih: polovina su medicinske sestre (66), 9 negovateljicasa II stepenom medicinske πkole, lekar (uz stalnu konsultativnu saradnju sa razvojnim savetovaliπtem medicinskogcentra).Poslove socijalno-pedagoπko-psiholoπkog rada obavlja samo jedan defektolog s punim radnim vremenom, a ostalistruËni rad se “pokriva” saradnjom sa odgovarajuÊim institucijama ili radom po ugovoru.Odræavanje visokog nivoa higijene ishrane i dijetetske ishrane iziskuje veÊi broj zaposlenih na tim poslovima nego πtonormativi predviaju.U radu sa zdravom decom se radi po programu vaspitno - obrazovnog rada predπkolskih ustanova i na tom poslu suangaæovane dve vaspitaËice i defektolog. Deci normalnog razvoja se obezbeuju najpovoljniji uslovi za socijalni razvoji adaptaciju u vandomskim uslovima (odlazak u vrtiÊ, praÊenje svih dogaaja u gradu namenjenih deci), a posebnapaænja se pridaje upoznavanju dece sa porodiËnim æivotom (vikend posete, prvenstveno vikend-boravci u porodicamazaposlenih, ali i u drugim porodicama u gradu).U ovoj ustanovi se velika paænja poklanja podsticanju razvoja dece ometene u razvoju i pokuπaju njihovog ukljuËivanjau aktivnosti dece normalnog tempa razvoja.Da bi se odræao postignuti nivo rada, potrebne su povremene edukacije zaposlenih o problemima i radu sa decom urazvojnom riziku, dece sa psihomotornim, Ëulnim i zdravstvenim smetnjama i dece bez poËetne roditeljske nege, kao iveæbe relaksacije za zaposlene.

U domu je smeπteno 180 dece do sedam godina. Iako je dom prvenstveno namenjen smeπtajudece bez roditeljskog staranja najmlaeg uzrasta, u njemu postoji i rehabilitaciono odeljenjeza smeπtaj dece sa rizikom u razvoju. Deca su, uglavnom, uzrasta od 3 do 7 godina (102). Bebastarih do godinu dana ima 28, a dece od jedne do tri godine - 50.Broj teπko mentalno ometene dece je 35, umereno 15, a teæe - 30. Oko Ëetrdesetoro dece nijejoπ uvek kategorizovano zbog uzrasta.»etrnaestoro dece je polupokretno, a 95 nepokretno (od 0 do 1 g. - 17, od 1 do 3 g. - 33, od3 do 5 g. - 39, a od 6 g. - 6).



7

• izvesti novi odvod iz kuhinje u mreæu kanalizacije;• otvoriti direktan izlaz iz perionice u dvoriπte;• izgradnja “tople veze” izmeu igraonice i matiËnog objekta.

Prioriteti:

Ustanova ima organizovanu zdravstvenu sluæbu: jednog lekara stalno zaposlenog i 66 medicinskih sestara. Zdravstvenasluæba je organizovana po principima bolniËke zaπtite. U domu postoji i stomatoloπka ordinacija. Za ovu ustanovu je karakteristiËan visok standard zdravstvene nege i higijene.Visoki zahtevi rada iziskuju izuzetne napore medicinskog i negovateljskog osoblja, πto se odraæava na pojavu radnoginvaliditeta (7 medicinskih sestara su invalidi rada, sada angaæovane na drugim poslovima u domu).Odræavanje visokog nivoa higijene ishrane i dijetetske ishrane iziskuju veÊi broj zaposlenih na tim poslovima nego πtonormativi predviaju.Deca smeπtena u ovom domu imaju pet redovnih obroka, a zbog velikog broja male dece postoje i noÊni obroci. Triputa nedeljno je u jelovniku zastupljeno meso, a voÊe svakodnevno.


Prioriteti:

Prioriteti:• edukacija zaposlenih o radu sa decom sa rizikom u razvoju;• veÊi broj medicinskih radnika zbog velikog broja obroka, dijetetskog naËinaishrane, potrebe odræavanja higijene;• veÊi broj sestara oko zdravih beba zbog socijalizacije i aktivizacije dece;• veÊi broj radnika u gotovo svim oblastima rada zbog dvadesetËetvoroËasovnogradnog vremena.

• PavloviÊeva mast (32 kg meseËno se troπi), hipoalergiËno mleko, sonde zaishranu, sterilizator;• formiranje genetske ambulante i sale za fizijatriju jer u ustanovi ima hroniËnihbolesnika;• uniforme za osoblje u boji;• meseËne potrebe za lekovima koji se teæe nabavljaju: flixotide aerosol 50 mg- 11 pumpica, salbutamol aerosol - 15 pumpica, aktiferin kapi - 20 flaπica, Cvitamin - 110 kutija, diazepam mikroklizma 5 mg - 13 mikroklizmi, lasix ampule- 34 ampule, aminofilin - 7 kutija, sabril tablete - 30 tableta, niripan - 45 ampula,eritromicin sirup - 22 flaπice, phenergan sirup - 12 flaπica, alfacet sirup - 20flaπica, tablete zorkaptil - 12 kutija, amoksiklan sirup - 8 flaπica, tablete folan -3 kutije, fizioloπki rastvor za infuziju - 20 flaπa, brufen sirup - 50 flaπica,parafinsko ulje - 16 litara;• oprema u kuhinji: dva sterilizatora, kolica za serviranje hrane sa termostatom,friæider za mleËne obroke, maπina za seËenje hleba i za meπanje testa, pasirkaza pripremu obroka, mikser za voÊe;• odeÊa za πtiÊenike: platnene tetra pelene (5.000 godiπnje), donji veπ, Ëarape,Ëarπavi za krevet, flanel platno, tanji frotiri za πivenje “zeka” za bebe;• ostala neophodna oprema: usisivaËi sa prikljuËkom za pranje, oprema za minilaboratoriju, sterilizator, harbart kada, deËje stolice, ultravioletne svetiljke, veπmaπina, pegla na paru, traktoriÊ za koπenje trave, komplet za autogeno varenje,kasetofon, fotokopir aparat, muziËka linija, foto-aparat, kamera, razni alati,bravarske mengele.

Miπljenje zaposlenih Smanjiti kapacitet rehabilitacionog odeljenja

U daljem razvoju ustanove, profil ustanove treba da ostane isti ali da se smanjuje kapacitetrehabilitacionog odeljenja kako bi se dobio veÊi prostor za rad s tom decom i uslovi za podsticaj njihovograzvoja (veÊa paænja, viπe prostora za kretanje i dece i osoblja).ImajuÊi u vidu visok nivo saradnje socijalnih, zdravstvenih i obrazovnih institucija u gradu, u ustanovi sepreporuËuje poveÊanje srednjeg medicinskog, negovateljskog i vaspitaËkog kadra, a usluge psiholoπko-pedagoπke sluæbe mogu da se dobiju kroz saradnju sa razvojnim savetovaliπtem, deËjim i socijalnimustanovama ili zapoπljavanjem radnika sa skraÊenim radnim vremenom.• Ustanova namerava da nastavi sa razvijanjem prakse vikend hraniteljstva u saradnji sa Centrom zasocijalni rad.• Prema mreæi ustanova socijalne zaπtite za smeπtaj korisnika, Domu “Kolevka” je dat pod upravu objekatbivπeg Zavoda za vaspitanje s ciljem proπirenja kapaciteta. Zgrada je na drugom kraju grada, do sada nijeadaptirana niti joj je odreena namena πto treba da se uradi u saradnji ovog doma, Centra za socijalni radu Subotici, gradske uprave i nadleænog ministarstva.

Kompleks doma za decu i omladinu u Somboru sastoji se od upravne zgrade, internata i zasebnog objektakotlarnice.U toku je rekonstrukcija upravne zgrade. Rekonstrukcijom je obuhvaÊena prenamena prostora sazamenom podova, farbanjem i kreËenjem.Objekat internata je, generalno, u dobrom stanju. Prozori zahtevaju popravku i rekonstrukciju. Deo fasadeje potrebno sanirati. Dnevne boravke treba opremiti odgovarajuÊim nameπtajem a u sobama popraviti ilinabaviti nove krevete i ormane.U ovom objektu postoji potreba za radionicama (likovna, foto, stolarska) koje bi se mogle oformiti utavanskom prostoru (200 kvm) uz odgovarajuÊu adaptaciju i nabavku opreme.Velike povrπine oko objekta treba organizovati i urediti. Koπarkaπko igraliπte treba asfaltirati, a fudbalskoopremiti.

• popravka prozora na internatu;• obnova nameπtaja (kreveti i ormani);• adaptacija tavanskog prostora u radionice;• ureenje igraliπta.

Ovaj dom je jedini deËji dom u severozapadnom delu Vojvodine, formiran je 1981. godine, u prostoruzatvorenog doma za decu sa poremeÊajima ponaπanja. Za ovaj dom je karakteristiËan visok procenat dece lako mentalno ometene u razvoju (55%, odnosno 46dece), πto je, ipak, niæe nego prethodnih godina. Na ovo stanje je uticala blizina specijalne πkole koja jesada iseljena u drugi deo grada. Spremnost ove ustanove da prima decu usporenog mentalnog razvoja idecu sa zaostajanjem u obrazovnom procesu je uticala na popularnost doma u sistemu socijalne zaπtite,tako da je kapacitet uvek popunjen (7 vaspitnih grupa sa po 12 dece).Broj zaposlenih na poslovima vaspitno-obrazovnog rada je usklaen sa normativima - 7 matiËnihvaspitaËa i 2 za noÊna deæurstva, dok je na poslovima socijalno-pedagoπko-psiholoπkog rada zaposlensamo socijalni radnik sa dugogodiπnjim iskustvom. Dom duæe vreme ne uspeva da popuni drugo radnomesto, prednost daju prijemu psihologa zbog velikog broja dece sa emotivnim smetnjama, poremeÊajimanavika u odræavanju higijene i sl.Vaspitni rad se programira po osnovnim oblastima vaspitno-obrazovnog rada, prema pedagoπkim ipsiholoπkim principima rada sa decom, a od pre godinu dana, koriπÊenjem priruËnika za programiranjevaspitnog rada i organizaciju æivota i rada u domovima uËenika, poπto ne postoji inovirani programvaspitnog rada u deËjim domovima.

U domu je smeπteno 83 dece liπene roditeljskog staranja, a ukupan kapacitet ustanoveje 80 mesta. Uglavnom je reË o deci osnovnoπkolskog (48) i srednjoπkolskog uzrasta(30). Dom je suoËen sa velikim pritiskom za prijemom dece. KarakteristiËan problemovog doma je da viπe od polovine ukupnog broja dece spada u kategoriju lakomentalno ometene dece (46).



Prioriteti:

8 Dom za decu i omladinu“Miroslav Mika AntiÊ”, SomborUlica Radoja DomanoviÊa 98, 25000 Sombor • telefon: 025-450-744

Obrazovni status dece zahteva mnogo individualnog rada vaspitaËa na pomaganju deci u uËenju.Zbog visokog procenta dece neuspeπne u πkoli, u vaspitnom radu se poklanja puna paænja radu sekcija ukojima se deca angaæuju prema svom izboru i sklonostima i u kojima mogu da iskaæu svoje sposobnostii doæive oseÊanje zadovoljstva dostignuÊem i uspehom. Najpopularnije su sportske sekcije i postojinamera da se od opπtinskih vlasti traæi na upotrebu fiskulturna sala u susednom dvoriπtu (u zgradi bivπespecijalne πkole). Deca su i Ëlanovi sportskih klubova u gradu. Povoljni dvoriπni prostor omoguÊuje radvrtlarsko-ekoloπke sekcije, aktivne su kulinarska i umetniËke sekcije. Da bi se obogatili uslovi za slobodne aktivnosti dece, postoji namera da se u dvoriπtu izgradi prostor zaradioniËarski i grupni rad sa decom.

Opπte zdravstveno stanje dece je zadovoljavajuÊe, ali ima dece sa ozbiljnijim oboljenjima. ReË je osluËajevima: cerebralne paralize (1), epilepsije (1), tahikardije (1), celiakije (1), poremeÊaja menstrualnogciklusa (1).Osnovna zdravstvena zaπtita se sprovodi u Domu zdravlja, a leËenje ozbiljnijih stanja u specijalnojambulanti i bolnici u Somboru. Lekovi kojih nema na træiπtu se nabavljaju u humanitarnoj apoteci uSomboru.Veliki broj dece nema osnovne navike odræavanja higijene pa je to jedan od problema o kojem se posebnovodi raËuna u vaspitnom radu.Opπti utisak je da su deca smeπtena u ovom domu solidno obuËena.

Miπljenje zaposlenih Stalne edukacije vaspitaËa

U domu smatraju da i dalje treba da postoji ova ustanova, zbog velikog pritiska za prijem dece i zbog togaπto je to jedina ustanova ovog tipa u okrugu.U cilju obogaÊenja vaspitnog rada, vaspitaËi imaju potrebu za stalnim obnavljanjem znanja iz oblastipsihologije, pedagogije i vaspitaËkog rada. Posebno im je potrebno dodatno znanje za rad sa decomometenom u mentalnom razvoju.


Prioriteti:

Prioriteti:• psiholog, zbog rada s decom s emotivnim smetnjama, kao ioligofrenolog zbog poveÊanog broja dece sa posebnim potrebama;• izgradnja prostora za radioniËarski i grupni rad s decom u dvoriπtu,zbog namere da se intenzivira sekcijski rad;• edukacije vaspitnog osoblja za rad sa mentalno ometenom decom.

• sanitarni materijal, toplomer, vata, uloπci, sredstva za prvu pomoÊ,sterilizator, aparat za merenje pritiska, stalak za sedimentaciju krvi;• za prevoz dece je potrebno jedno transportno sredstvo (mini kombi);• namirnice: med, suhomesnati proizvodi, margarin, pekmez;• oprema za kuhinju: tanjiri, noæevi, maπina za meπanje testa;• povremena obnova garderobe, kao i posteljine i peπkira;• ostala neophodna oprema: raËunar, sportski rekviziti, uniforme zaosoblje.

Nakon zemljotresa 1998. godine, zidovi na domu su popucali i potrebna je sanacija.Opπti izgled objekta je vrlo dobar. Prozori su novi, redovno je kreËeno, enterijerska oprema je vrlo dobra,kao i grejanje i druge instalacije.Rekonstrukcija je potrebna u kupatilima i to zbog dotrajalosti opreme.Ormane po spavaÊim sobama i dnevnim boravcima, takoe, treba popraviti.Neophodno je dvoriπte urediti kao viπenamensko igraliπte, buduÊi da je dom smeπten u centru grada i danema zelene povrπine.

• sanacija zidova (popucali su nakon zemljotresa);• rekonstrukcija kupatila;• ureenje dvoriπta kao viπenamenskog igraliπta.

Dom za decu i omladinu “Dr Mihailo Stupar” funkcioniπe kao domsko odeljenje Centra za socijalni rad uValjevu i nalazi se u istom prostoru ali u posebnom objektu. Dom je malog kapaciteta, moæe da prihvatido 24 dece (dve vaspitne grupe). Sva smeπtena deca su iz Valjeva i okoline, kapacitet doma dugo godinazadovoljava potrebe ove sredine za smeπtajem dece.PorodiËni smeπtaj je slabo razvijen u opπtini, samo je πestoro dece pod takvim vidom zaπtite, od togaËetvoro u srodniËkim porodicama.Prostorni uslovi doma i broj vaspitaËa, koji je usklaen sa normativima o struËnom radu u socijalnoj zaπtiti,uzrokuju da se sa decom radi frontalno, vaspitne grupe su samo formalne. Broj vaspitaËa omoguÊava dau jednoj smeni bude jedan vaspitaË koji organizuje i kontroliπe aktivnosti dece. Uslovi objedinjenogprostora Ëine da je domska zajednica topla sredina za svu decu, da se æivot u domu odvija po principuporodiËne zajednice. Deca imaju moguÊnosti da se nauËe vaænim obavezama porodiËnog æivota iorganizaciji porodice. U domu sve poslove ureenja prostora i odræavanja higijene obavljaju sama deca savaspitaËem, preko vikenda sami spremaju hranu u priruËnoj kuhinji.Poslove socijalno-zaπtitne funkcije ustanove obavljaju saradnici iz Centra (ceo struËni tim i prateÊe sluæbe). Relativno mali broj dece bez roditeljskog staranja moæe da nae zaposlenje posle izlaska iz doma.

Domsko odeljenje “Dr Mihajlo Stupar” funkcioniπe kao sastavni deo Centra za socijalnirad u Valjevu. Kapacitet ovog doma je 24 mesta, a u njemu je smeπteno 20 dece,mahom srednjoπkolskog uzrasta. Polovina od ukupnog broja dece (10) imaju samo pojednog roditelja, a troje πtiÊenika je lako mentalno ometeno u razvoju.



Prioriteti:

9 Domsko odeljenje “Dr Mihajlo Stupar”pri Centru za socijalni rad “Kolubara”, ValjevoSineliÊeva 48, 14000 Valjevo • telefon: 014-221-114 • faks: 014-220-305

Zdravstveni status svakog deteta se proveri na prijemu kroz zdravstvenu dokumentaciju i putem pregledau domu zdravlja. VaspitaËi vode raËuna o praÊenju kalendara vakcinacija, sistematskim pregledima izdravstveno-higijenskom vaspitanju. Humanitarne organizacije su bile angaæovane na polju stomatoloπkepreventive i mentalno-higijenske preventive.Zdravstveno higijenska kontrola zaposlenih i prostora se redovno obavlja. Deca su u osnovi zdrava, leËenjese ostvaruje u domu zdravlja i u drugim institucijama grada prema propisima zdravstvene zaπtite izdravstvenog osiguranja.Deca, uglavnom, imaju dovoljne koliËine odeÊe i obuÊe.

Miπljenje zaposlenih Edukacija za rad s decom s posttraumatskim sindromom

VaspitaËi istiËu potrebu za edukacijom za rad sa decom sa posttraumatskim reakcijama, rad sa decom saporemeÊajima u ponaπanju, decom ometenom u razvoju ili decom sniæenih sposobnosti.Kapacitet doma zadovoljava potrebe sredine, posebno ako se bude razvijao porodiËni smeπtaj. U sluËajupotrebe, postoji moguÊnost dogradnje doma (postoji uraen projekat).


Prioriteti:

Prioriteti:• edukacija za rad sa decom sa posttraumatskim sindromom;• razvijanje uslova za kvalitetniji æivot dece po izlasku iz doma;• razvoj porodiËnog smeπtaja kao koncepta socijalne zaπtite dece bezroditeljskog staranja;• potrebna je spremaËica u domu kako bi se deca rasteretila i kako bineki poslovi bili bolje uraeni (drugu polovinu radnog vremena ona biradila u kuhinji, πto bi doprinelo rastereÊenju vaspitaËa);• potrebno je da u organizaciji vaspitaËkog rada postoji glavni vaspitaË.

• namirnice: med, sveæe meso, voÊe i povrÊe, margarin;• posteljina, peπkiri, donji veπ;• trpezarijski sto i stolice.

Dom je graen u etapama: 1987. je zavrπena prva etapa i tada je dom i useljen, 1991. je zavrπena drugafaza radova, a treÊa je i dalje u toku. Za sada su zavrπeni tek grubi graevinski radovi (na treÊem objektu).Potrebno je uraditi novi tehnoloπki projekat za ceo objekat radi prenamene prostora i tek tada definisatigraevinske i zanatske radove na tzv. “treÊoj fazi”. To, takoe, podrazumeva da treba isplanirati i opremunovog prostora.Kuhinja ne ispunjava uslove, nema magacinskog prostora, pa se za reπenje problema mora naÊi adekvatanprostor u zgradi tzv. “treÊe faze”. PostojeÊa kanalizacija je izvedena tako da Ëesto dolazi do plavljenjapodruma (mali ili kontra nagibi). Neophodno je izvesti novu trasu kanalizacije u duæini od 200 metara saodgovarajuÊim podom i prikljuËkom na niæe kote gradske mreæe (za πta postoje uslovi).Na dilatacijama izmeu objekata i u uvalama krova potrebno je izvesti nove limarske radove radispreËavanja prokiπnjavanja.U “treÊoj fazi” objekta najavljene su ograde na terasama koje su propale - neophodna je popravka.Oprema prostora za boravak dece je u solidnom stanju osim ormara i polica koje treba popraviti.

• dovrπetak radova na tzv. “treÊoj fazi” objekta;• izvoenje nove trase kanalizacije (200 m) i prikljuËivanje na niæekote gradske mreæe;• popravka ormara i polica po deËjim sobama.

DeËji dom “Mladost” je prostorno udaljen od Centra za socijalni rad u Kragujevcu, nalazi se na oboduSpomen - podruËja “©umarice”.Kapacitet doma je 6O dece ili 5 vaspitnih grupa. Sada je smeπteno 54 dece, podeljenih u 5 vaspitnih grupa.Sva deca su na πkolovanju u gradskim πkolama. Broj vaspitaËa je usklaen s normativima, ali napor da se ispune potrebe dece u svim aspektima vaspitnogi zdravstvenog rada je doveo do iscrpljenosti i zamora zaposlenih.Problem ovog doma je πto, prema normativima, struËni tim centra delom radnog vremena obavlja poslovestruËnog socijalnog rada za potrebe doma. Zbog optereÊenosti poslovima u Centru i prostorne udaljenosti,rad struËnog tima u domu je diskontinuiran i ne postoje uslovi, na primer, za stalni psiholoπki tretman ipraÊenje.VaspitaËi u domu rade u tri smene i oni, takoe, nisu u stalnom kontaktu sa decom iz svoje vaspitne grupe.Mada su vaspitne grupe formirane i imaju svoj prostor, rad u smenama vaspitaËa stvara uslove za frontalnivaspitni rad.Æivot dece u domu je pre organizovan kao jedna porodiËna sredina. Ovome je doprinelo i to πto su ovegodine reorganizovali grupe ujednaËene po uzrastu, ta promena je samo prostorna i formalna, prethodneveze nisu raskinute i komunikacija i kretanje dece je æivo izmeu grupa.

DeËji dom “Mladost” je, u organizacionom smislu, sastavni deo Centra za socijalni radu Kragujevcu. ReË je o relativno malom domu (kapacitet je 60 mesta) u kome jesmeπteno 54 dece. Viπe od polovine ukupnog broja dece su osnovnoπkolskog uzrasta(29). Dvanaestoro dece spada u kategoriju lako mentalno ometene dece. Redovnekontakte sa roditeljima ima 21 dete, a povremene - 27.



Prioriteti:

10 DeËji dom “Mladost”pri Centru za socijalni rad u Kragujevcu»ika Matina ulica 9, 34000 Kragujevac • telefon: 034-370-195

Vaspitnom osoblju doma su potrebne edukacije u smislu prezentacije novih tehnika vaspitnog rada irazmena iskustva sa drugim domovima.Organizaciona vezanost doma i Centra je nepovoljna i zbog toga πto se u Centru obavljaju administrativnii finansijski poslovi za Dom i efikasnost u radu tih sluæbi nije zadovoljavajuÊa.

Deca u dom dolaze sa potpunom zdravstvenom dokumentacijom. U domu zdravlja se posle pregledaotvaraju i vode zdravstveni kartoni, zdravstvena preventiva se ostvaruje prema propisima zdravstva i krozvaspitni rad. LeËenje dece se obavlja u domu zdravlja ili na klinici, prema potrebi. U domu postoje usloviza kuÊno leËenje.Tokom 2000. godine u domu je bila epidemija hepatitisa, nakon Ëega je sanitarna inspekcija dala nalogeza otklanjanje higijensko-sanitarnih problema.

Hrana se ne priprema u domu veÊ u drugoj radnoj organizaciji, πto ima nepovoljan ekonomski uticaj, a ioteæava moguÊnost da deca uËestvuju u izboru jelovnika.

Miπljenje zaposlenih Odvajanje doma od Centra za socijalni rad

Organizaciona vezanost doma i Centra je nepovoljna i zbog toga πto se u Centru obavljaju administrativnii finansijski poslovi za dom i efikasnost u radu tih sluæbi nije zadovoljavajuÊa.ImajuÊi u vidu probleme u funkcionisanju doma kao domskog odeljenja, broj dece u domu i planiranogpoveÊanja kapaciteta, treba razmiπljati o moguÊnosti odvajanja doma kao posebne ustanove.U razvoju socijalne zaπtite dece bez roditeljskog staranja u lokalnoj sredini, u ovoj sloæenoj ustanoviplaniraju razvoj porodiËnog smeπtaja dece i intenzivniju integraciju dece iz doma u gradsku sredinu i torazvijanjem drugarskih odnosa sa vrπnjacima, razvijanjem vikend hraniteljstva i poveÊanjemzainteresovanosti sredine da se deci bez porodiËne podrπke pruæe povoljniji uslovi za zaposlenje i sl.


Prioriteti:

Prioriteti:• obezbediti kontinuirani rad kompletnog struËnog tima i stalnopsiholoπko praÊenje dece;• edukacija vaspitaËa o novim tehnikama vaspitnog rada (radioniËarskirad);• organizaciono odvajanje doma od Centra radi efikasnijegfunkcionisanja;• zapoπljavanje: magacionera, finansijskog radnika (ekonomista zafinansijsko-knjigovodstvene poslove koji bi, kao radni instruktor, vodioobuku radnika za rad na raËunarima), domara za odræavanja objekta,priznavanje radnog mesta medicinske sestre, priznavanje punogradnog vremena za psihologa, a treÊine radnog vremena za lekarapedijatra ili lekara opπte prakse.

• lekovi: antipiretici, analgetici;• namirnice: med, margarin, sveæe voÊe i povrÊe, paπtete;• oprema u kuhinji: rashladne komore, aspirator, maπina za pranjesua, maπina za ljuπÊenje krompira, mlin za meso);• donji veπ, papuËe (plastiËne), trenerke, patike;• ostala neophodna oprema: maπina za pranje i suπenje veπa, valjak zapeglanje, oprema i nameπtaj, maπine za πivenje i pletenje za radnoosposobljavanje.

Objekat se nalazi u centralnoj gradskoj zoni. Graevinski i enterijerski, dom je u dobrom stanju. Jedini problem je nedovoljno prostora za kuhinju (10kvm), jer sadaπnja kuhinja ne zadovoljava potrebe doma. Postoji projektna dokumentacija za proπirenjekuhinje u postojeÊem gabaritu prizemlja.Grejanje je dobro, uz zahtev za razdvajanjem od sistema grejanja sa internatom za smeπtaj πkolskeomladine koji je povezan sa domom.

• proπirenje kuhinje;• razdvajanje sistema za grejanje od doma uËenika koji je ususednoj zgradi.

Dom u Vranju se nalazi u namenski graenoj zgradi Ëiji je prostor organizovan za rad po vaspitnimgrupama. Zgrada doma je tehniËki u vezi sa susednom zgradom doma uËenika (zajedniËko grejanje ikuhinja) πto im stvara teπkoÊe jer uËeniËki dom ima godiπnje prekide u radu. Kapacitet ustanove je 72 dece ili 6 vaspitnih grupa. Sada je na smeπtaju 62 deteta. VeÊina dece jeosnovnoπkolskog uzrasta, 12 dece je lako usporenog mentalnog razvoja.Sva deca su na πkolovanju i aktivnom saradnjom doma i πkole se obezbeuje zavrπetak πkolovanja,odnosno profesionalnog osposobljavanja dece, prema njihovim sposobnostima. Broj vaspitaËa u domu je usklaen sa normativima, u struËnom timu imaju socijalnog radnika i pedagoga.U poslednje vreme, u vaspitnom radu imaju pomoÊ radno angaæovanih kolega raseljenih sa Kosova(psiholog, sociolog i socijalni radnik). InaËe, u ovom domu smatraju potrebnim poveÊanje broja radnika uneposrednom radu s decom.U organizaciji vaspitnog rada u grupama se dosledno poπtovao princip potreba deteta, nije pokuπavanprelazak na rad sa homogenizovanim grupama prema uzrastu. U organizaciji dana, odnosno poπtovanjukuÊnog reda, vodi se raËuna o individualnim potrebama dece, nema rigidnosti. Deca imaju podrπku zasvoja posebna zanimanja, bilo da se mogu realizovati radom u nekoj sekciji, bilo u nekoj gradskojorganizaciji.

Kapacitet ovog doma je 72 mesta, a u domu je smeπteno 62 dece. Deca su, uglavnom,osnovnoπkolskog uzrasta (27) a veliki broj dece (16) je starije od 18 godina.Dvanaestoro dece je lako mentalno ometeno u razvoju. Zgrada doma je tehniËki u vezisa susednom zgradom u kojoj je dom uËenika i sa kojom dom deli kuhinju i sistemgrejanja.



Prioriteti:

11 Dom za decu i omladinu bez roditeljskog staranja“Olivera - Verica –oreviÊ”, VranjeUlica Moπe Pijade 41, 17500 Vranje • telefon: 017-21-703

Deca iz doma su dobro prihvaÊena u gradu te uspevaju da se zaposle i da nau smeπtaj posle izlaska iz doma.VaspitaËima su potrebna dodatna znanja o radu sa mentalno ometenom decom.

Sva deca u domu su zdravstveno osigurana i zdravstvena zaπtita se organizuje i sprovodi na nivougradskih zdravstvenih institucija. Deca nemaju veÊih zdravstvenih problema, izuzetna je saradnja saZavodom za mentalno zdravlje Medicinskog centra u Vranju, gde su neka deca na redovnom tretmanu.Zdravstveno - higijensko vaspitanje se sprovodi kroz vaspitni rad u domu i akcije iz sfere zdravstvenepreventive, na nivou grada. U ustanovi smatraju da je za vaspitni, higijensko-medicinski rad u domu, kao i za kontrolu stanja dece,potrebno zaposliti medicinsku sestru. Potrebe u ishrani, odeÊi, obuÊi i πkolskom priboru i sredstvima za higijenu su zadovoljene zahvaljujuÊidonatorskim akcijama meunarodnih humanitarnih organizacija koje se sprovode samostalno ili u saradnjisa Ministarstvom za socijalna pitanja. Standard æivota dece je solidan.

Miπljenje zaposlenih Viπe vaspitaËa radi potpunije zaπtite dece

Dom pruæa optimalnu zaπtitu za 72 dece. Opremanjem kuhinje Êe se stvoriti uslovi za normalnofunkcionisanje ustanove. Zapoπljavanjem medicinske sestre i psihologa, kao i vaspitaËa, stvoriÊe se usloviza potpuniju vaspitnu, mentalno-higijensku i negovateljsku zaπtitu dece.


Prioriteti:

Prioriteti:• poveÊanje broja radnika u neposrednom radu s decom (dopunskivaspitaËi, psiholog, medicinska sestra);• edukacija vaspitaËa za rad s decom s posebnim potrebama.

• cipele, patike, jakne, dæemperi, donji veπ;• ostala neophodna oprema: raËunar, ormariÊi za deËju garderobu,komode za obuÊu, komode za TV aparate.

Kompleks doma se nalazi u centralnoj gradskoj zoni i sastoji se iz dva objekta - A i B. Objekat A ima sledeÊesadræaje: uprava, kuhinja sa trpezarijom i rekreativna sala.Objekat B sadræi spavaonice sa dnevnim boravcima. Na pripadajuÊoj parceli, osim objekata, postoje iotvorene rekreativne povrπine.Nad objektom A zapoËeta je dogradnja dela sprata i potkrovlja. Zavrπeni su grubi graevinski radovi i tafaza traje veÊ par godina. Neophodno je zavrπiti dogradnju i privesti je nameni.PostojeÊi deo objekta A - trpezarija i rekreativna sala, imaju loπe izvedenu bravariju (metalne prozore) sajednostrukim staklom. Neophodna je popravka i zamena gde je to nuæno.Objekat B je sagraen u lamelama. Prva lamela je potpuno adaptirana dok ostale tri takoe trebakompletno adaptirati.Nephodna je “topla veza” izmeu objekata A i B.Termoizolacija objekata nije izvedena po vaæeÊim principima pa je neophodno uraditi novu.Instalacije vodovoda i kanalizacije su dotrajale. Planirana je kompletna rekonstrukcija. Postoji inicijativa zaproπirenje objekta i sadræaja na postojeÊoj parceli πto treba usaglasiti sa gradskim urbanistiËkimplanovima.Postoji, takoe, predlog potpunog izmeπtanja doma na drugu lokaciju - van uæeg centra a da dom postaneinternat za ake, πto bi trebalo reπiti na gradskom nivou.

Dom za decu i omladinu u Uæicu ima viπedecenijsku tradiciju a sada se nalazi u zgradi namenski zidanoj1984. godine. Prostorna organizacija doma je nepovoljna jer su odvojene i stambene celine (tri lamele) iupravna zgrada sa prostorom za prateÊe sadræaje (sportska sala, biblioteka, radionice i dr.) πto zahtevaviπe osoblja nego πto predviaju normativi struËnog rada da bi se organizovano radilo sa decom i pratilonjihovo kretanje i aktivnosti. Prostor fiskulturne sale, biblioteka i radionice se relativno malo koriste jerse teπko zagrevaju.

Iako je kapacitet ovog doma 96 mesta, u domu je, zbog rekonstrukcije jednog delaobjekta, smeπteno 75 dece, tako da je Ëak 21 mesto slobodno. Viπe od polovineukupnog broja dece je osnovnoπkolskog uzrasta (42). U ovom domu æivi i 16 decemlae od sedam godina, zbog kojih je problem razdvojenosti doma u dva objektaposebno izraæen (maloj deci je stalno potreban nadzor vaspitaËa prilikom prelaska izjednog u drugi objekat). Broj lako mentalno ometene dece je 24.



Prioriteti:

12 Dom za decu i omladinu bez roditeljskog staranja“Petar RadovanoviÊ”, UæiceNemanjina ulica 52, 31000 Uæice • telefon: 031-521-584 • faks: 031-511-347

• sanacija i rekonstrukcija stambenih prostora II i III lamele;• adaptacija magacinskog prostora u centralnu veπernicu;• sanacija i rekonstrukcija ateljea i radionica;• rekonstrukcija spoljne i unutraπnje bravarije u trpezariji;• rekonstrukcija spoljne stolarije i podova u Ëitaonici i biblioteci;• adaptacija potkrovlja u druπtvene prostorije iznad stambenog dela;• izrada termiËke fasade na sve tri lamele;• rekonstrukcija oluka;• parterno ureenje dvoriπta;• zamena oba kotla;• reπenje problema grejanja i ventilacije centralne kuhinje;• zamena polomljene ograde i postavljanje nove sa svih stranadvoriπta.

Deca bez roditeljskog staranja su smeπtena u dve lamele (kapacitet 96), a u treÊoj lameli je dom uËenika.Uprava i opπte sluæbe su zajedniËke za celu ustanovu, a rad vaspitaËa i njihov broj je usklaen sanormativima struËnog rada prema funkciji svake organizacione jedinice. Sada je u domskom delu na smeπtaju 75 dece, podeljenih u 8 vaspitnih grupa. Svaka grupa ima posebanstambeni prostor. Grupe su u znaËajnoj meri homogenizovane prema uzrastu, ali se od toga postepenoodustaje zbog dece najmlaeg uzrasta, njihove adaptacije i potrebe za zaπtitom. Viπe od polovine dece jeosnovnoπkolskog uzrasta, od smeπtene dece preko 24 je usporenog mentalnog razvoja. Smeπtena deca suiz Uæica i okolnih opπtina u najveÊem broju.Struktura dece prema sposobnostima za πkolovanje je sliËna drugim domovima za decu bez roditeljskogstaranja. Relativno mali broj dece moæe da ulaæe kontinuirani napor za uËenje i postizanje cilja, pa je uopremanju doma za uspeπniju funkciju pripreme dece za osamostaljivanje potrebno osposobiti radioniceza obuku dece za pojedine poslove i dodatna znanja i veπtine.Prethodnih godina je koriπÊena fiskulturna sala za plesne πkole i to je bio naËin dodatnog povezivanjadoma sa æivotom grada koji bi trebalo obnoviti.Iskustvo doma steËeno prilikom boravka u prirodi - u okolnim selima, jeste da su deca prijemËiva na usloveæivota u selu i da je korisno organizovati boravke u selu u periodima kada se mogu obuËavati za poslovekoji se u selu obavljaju.Vaspitnom osoblju je zbog zamora potrebna pomoÊ iz programa “PomoÊ pomagaËima”. Zatim, izraæena jepotreba za edukacijom za rad sa decom ometenom u razvoju i sa decom koja su obrazovno zanemarena.

Preventivna zdravstvena zaπtita se ostvaruje kroz vaspitni rad (higijena, odnos prema ishrani, zdravlju),kroz radioniËarski i grupni rad o temama aktuelnim za uzrast dece. Osnovna zdravstvena zaπtita sesprovodi u domu zdravlja, a specijalistiËka u odgovarajuÊim zdravstvenim ustanovama u Uæicu i Beogradu.U domu æivi dvoje dece sa epilepsijom koja zahtevaju dodatne napore vaspitaËa. Ima, takoe, nekolikodece sa psihokinetiËkim sindromom πto zahteva aktivnu saradnju sa neuropsihijatrijskim ustanovama. Toje razlog zbog kojeg u domu smatraju da je neophodno da se zaposli medicinska sestra za vaspitnimedicinsko-higijenski rad, kontrolu zdravlja i saradnju sa zdravstvenim ustanovama. U domu se posveÊuje puna paænja ishrani i na tom planu su potrebe dece kvalitativno i kvantitativnozadovoljene.Potrebe u odeÊi i obuÊi, sredstvima za higijenu i πkolskim priborom, zadovoljavaju se kroz donacijemeunarodnih humanitarnih organizacija.

Miπljenje zaposlenih Reπenje imovinsko-pravnih odnosa u domu

Objekti koji Ëine kompleks ove ustanove su glomazni, sa nereπenim pitanjem grejanja. Zbog nedovrπenihradova na jednom objektu oteæano je funkcionisanje postojeÊih prostora. Pored toga, za kvalitetnokonaËno reπenje smeπtaja dece, potrebno je reπiti imovinsko - pravne odnose.


Prioriteti:

Prioriteti:• osposobiti radionice za obuku dece za odreene poslove, dodatnaznanja i veπtine zbog slabe zainteresovanosti za πkolu;• organizovanje boravka dece na selu buduÊi da je uoËeno da su decazainteresovana za seoske poslove;• edukacija vaspitaËa za rad sa decom ometenom u razvoju i obrazovnozanemarenom decom;• pomoÊ vaspitaËima iz programa “PomoÊ pomagaËima”;• zapoπljavanje medicinske sestre.

• oprema u kuhinji: maπina za ljuπÊenje krompira, topli sto, kiper zakuvanje, univerzalna maπina za meπenje testa;• namirnice: sveæa riba, voÊe i povrÊe, med, sveæe meso, eurokrem;• potrebna odeÊa i obuÊa: pantalone, patike, donji veπ, pidæame,cipele, patofne;• ostala neophodna oprema: raËunarska oprema - tri raËunara za decu,a tri za rad opπtih sluæbi.

U okviru doma za nezbrinutu decu u PanËevu postoji pet objekata: upravna zgrada (A), objekat za smeπtajdece (B), kotlarnica, veπernica i objekat sa radionicama.Objekat A, graen 1930. godine, adaptiran je 1991. i generalno je u dobrom stanju. Problem je otvorenaterasa, bez hidroizolacije, tako da voda ugroæava podrumski prostor. Potrebno je izolovati terasu.Usled visokog nivoa podzemnih voda, pojavljuje se vlaga u podrumu i na fasadi πto je neophodno saniratinovom hidroizolacijom.Objekat B, graen 1979. godine je u dobrom stanju. Ravna terasa, iznad dela prizemlja, nema adekvatnuhidroizolaciju. MoguÊa je i nadgradnja iznad ravne terase Ëime bi se proπirio kapacitet dnevnog boravka aujedno i reπio problem izolacije. Na delu gde je kosi krov, potrebna je zamena Ëetiri krovna prozora kao ipopravka ostalih. Po kupatilima je neophodno uraditi hidroizolaciju preko postojeÊeg zavrπnog sloja(ploËice).Oprema u sobama je dotrajala. Potrebno je nabaviti nove ormare i police.

• rekonstrukcija kupatila;• asfaltiranje igraliπta u dvoriπtu;• oziivanje i automatizacija agregata;• hidroizolacija i betoniranje terase;• hoblovanje i lakiranje parketa;• zamena ventila i navojaka na radijatorima;• farbanje i lakiranje stolarije;• legalizacija pomoÊnih zgrada i izrada nedostajuÊe projektnedokumentacije.

Dom za decu “Spomenak” ima na smeπtaju 84 dece (osam vaspitnih grupa) i u njemu je zaposlenodgovarajuÊi broj vaspitnog osoblja - prema normativima.Ovaj dom je tako prostorno organizovan da je jedini primereni oblik vaspitnog rada frontalni, πto znaËi dase svi prisutni vaspitaËi angaæuju u radu i kontroli sprovoenja planiranih aktivnosti sa svom prisutnomdecom. Ovaj naËin organizacije vaspitnog rada stvara atmosferu velike porodice u kojoj su æive interakcijeËlanova. Broj vaspitaËa nije dovoljan da u svakom trenutku budu prisutna tri vaspitaËa i to oteæavakontrolu svih aktivnosti dece.Grupni naËin rada je organizacioni oblik za neke aktivnosti, na primer za uËenje s decom koja imajuteπkoÊa da se sama organizuju i koja nemaju izgraene navike za taj rad. S decom se radi i individualno,prema potrebi i planu rada s detetom.U organizaciji vaspitnog rada su odreeni matiËni vaspitaËi koji uËestvuju u donoπenju najvaænijih odlukaza dete i za svoju grupu i koji vode administrativne poslove. Meutim, nisu najpovoljniji uslovi za bliæi odnos deteta i vaspitaËa.

U ovom domu je smeπteno 84 dece, mahom osnovnoπkolskog uzrasta (47). Kapacitetdoma je neπto veÊi od broja dece koja trenutno u domu æive i iznosi 93 mesta. U domuje πestoro dece koja su starija od 18 godina, a dvoje πtiÊenika je mlae od 7 godina. Ugrupi lako mentalno ometene dece ima 24 dece.



Prioriteti:

13 Dom za decu i omladinu bez roditeljskog staranja“Spomenak”, PanËevoUlica proleterskih brigada 6, 2600 PanËevo • telefon: 013-318-464 • faks: 013-318-464

U ovom domu se posebna paænja poklanja likovnom i umetniËkom izraæavanju dece. U domu postojivajarsko-keramiËarska radionica u kojoj se deca angaæuju pod nadzorom instruktora. Likovne kolonijeumetnika su tradicija i obuhvataju radioniËarski rad sa decom (likovni i muziËki).VaspitaËi imaju potrebu za dodatnim edukacijama o pitanjima neposrednog vaspitnog rada, s ciljemujednaËavanja vaspitnih stavova, metoda rada i metodologije struËne dokumentacije.

Zdravstveno stanje dece u domu je zadovoljavajuÊe, πto je posledica kvalitetne zdravstvene zaπtitesprovedene u saradnji sa nadleænim domom zdravlja. Za higijensko-zdravstveno vaspitanje, praÊenjezdravlja dece i saradnju sa zdravstvenim ustanovama zaposlena je medicinska sestra iz prihoda ustanove.

No, i pored toga, potrebno je angaæovanje dodatnog srednjeg medicinskog kadra za vaspitni rad iz oblastizdravstvene i higijenske preventive.

Ishrana dece u domu zadovoljava osnovne kriterijume kvaliteta.

OdeÊa, obuÊa, πkolski pribor i sredstva za higijenu se obezbeuju kroz donacije meunarodnihhumanitarnih organizacija, u saradnji sa Ministarstvom za socijalna pitanja.

Miπljenje zaposlenihPomoÊ deci po izlasku iz doma

U domu se smatra da ovaj dom treba da opstane jer ima dece kojoj odgovara domski smeπtaj (adolescenti),s obzirom na to da je iskustvo ovog doma pokazalo da dosta adolescenata dolazi u dom iz hraniteljskihporodica. U dugoroËnom smislu se planira adaptacija prostora za izdvajanje vaspitnih grupa.KratkoroËno, planira se da se 4 sobe opreme za decu koja odlaze iz doma kao podrπka u osamostaljivanju,ali za to nisu joπ naene prave forme ugovora.


Prioriteti:• edukacija vaspitaËa s ciljem ujednaËavanja vaspitnih stavova i metodarada;• poveÊanje broja vaspitaËa kako bi bilo moguÊe konstantno pratitiaktivnosti dece;• zapoπljavanje: socijalnog radnika, medicinske sestre (puno radnovreme), pravnika zaposlenog sa polovinom ili treÊinom radnogvremena, loæaËa i radnika za odræavanje instalacija za celu sezonu.

• lekovi i sanitetski materijal: antibiotici, sanitarni materijal (sterilnagaza, rivamol, zavoji), bubreænjak, kasete za sterilizaciju, stanicid -gaze, sredstva za kontracepciju (AB film, prezervativi);• medicinska oprema: aparat za merenje pritiska, vaga za merenjevisine i teæine;• namirnice: sveæe voÊe i povrÊe, meso;• oprema u kuhinji: escajg, tanjiri i πolje od rostfraja;• odeÊa i obuÊa: donji veπ, Ëarape, trenerke, farmerke;• ostala neophodna oprema: zavese, tepisi, ormari, kompjuter,televizor, faks maπina, maπine za pranje i suπenje veπa, lopte,druπtvene igre, kancelarijski materijal, produæni kabl, muπeme zaduπeke, program za LD, robno i finansijsko knjigovodstvo.

Prioriteti:

Objekat je spolja restauriran 2000. godine, oko njega je lepo odræavan park (2010 kvm). Dom je graennamenski 1923. godine i jedan je od lepπih primeraka arhitekture tridesetih godina.Za razliku od svoje spoljne glamuroznosti, iako dobro odræavan, enterijer je potpuno dotrajao.Prozore je neophodno zameniti, podovi su na nekim mestima sasvim propali. Potrebna je delimiËna ilipotpuna zamena i rekonstrukcija bar oko 1000 kvm poda.U kupatilima su ËuËavci koje bi, svakako, trebalo zameniti.Nameπtaj je dotrajao i najveÊi deo treba zameniti novim komadima.

• rekonstrukcija ili zamena podova (1000 kvm);• rekonstrukcija kupatila;• zamena enterijera;• ugradnja prozora u πtoku sa vakumiranim staklom;• ugradnja prozora u πtoku sa lukom;• delimiËna zamena podova u deËjim sobama (960 kvm);• zamena glavnog elektrovoda i dvoriπna rasveta;• remont kuhinjske linije;• remont pekare;• zamena sanitarija.

Dom "Stanko PaunoviÊ" u Negotinu je otvoren 1923. godine kao dom za ratnu siroËad u namenskiizgraenoj zgradi. Dom je internatskog tipa, sa kapacitetom za 88 dece, ili 8 vaspitnih grupa. Kapacitet je najËeπÊe popunjen.Sada je u domu 81 dete, od kojih je 60 u osnovnoj πkoli. Od smeπtene dece, 30 su deca usporenogmentalnog razvoja.Broj vaspitaËa je u skladu sa normativima, zaposleni su i socijalni radnik i psiholog s polovinom radnogvremena.Prostor je organizovan tako da su po dve ili tri vaspitne grupe povezane, a smenskim radom vaspitaËa sui funkcionalno povezane.KarakteristiËno za ovaj dom je veoma æiva struËna komunikacija izmeu zaposlenih, visoka motivacija zasticanjem novih znanja i primenom tih znanja u struËnoj praksi. Veoma visok procenat dece u osnovnoj πkoli je posledica toga πto u gradu nema srednje specijalne πkole,a broj zanimanja u redovnoj srednjoj πkoli i na kursevima za radno osposobljavanje je mali, tako da decaprelaze u drugi grad, u drugi dom, da bi nastavila πkolovanje.To je jedan od razloga za relativno Ëestepromene sastava grupa i u toj situaciji je pogodnija internatska organizacija rada jer bi u porodiËnojorganizaciji Ëeste promene bile uznemirujuÊe.

U ovom domu æivi 81 dete liπeno roditeljskog staranja. Utvreni kapacitet doma je 88mesta. Deca su, uglavnom, osnovnoπkolskog uzrasta (60). Viπe od jedne treÊine odukupnog broja dece (30) spada u kategoriju lako mentalno ometene dece.KarakteristiËnost ovog doma je to πto skoro polovina ukupnog broja dece (40) ima obaroditelja.



Prioriteti:

14 Dom za decu i omladinu bez roditeljskog staranja"Stanko PaunoviÊ", NegotinBadnjevaËka ulica 5, 19300 Negotin • telefon: 019-541-933 • faks: 019-541-800

Osim toga, veÊina dece zaostaje u obrazovnom procesu, nema razvijena interesovanja za intelektualni radi ne uspeva da zavrπi srednju πkolu. Podatak o strukturi dece u odnosu na obrazovanje, postavlja problempripreme dece za osamostaljivanje po izlasku iz ustanove. U domu smatraju da bi bilo korisno da seopremi nekoliko zanatskih radionica u kojima bi deca sticala radnu obuku prema interesovanjima isposobnostima, πto bi im olakπalo da nau posao posle punoletstva. U gradu ima malo proizvodnihradionica i preduzeÊa u kojima bi deca mogla da se obuËavaju za rad i zaposle.Za sada se radna obuka ostvaruje na poslovima u domaÊinstvu (odræavanje higijene prostora bezzaposlenih spremaËica, serviranje hrane, sreivanje dvoriπta, rad sa domarom).

Zdravstveni nadzor nad decom vrπi dom zdravlja u Negotinu, ali vikendom u dom dolaze lekari kojiobavljaju dodatne medicinske konsultacije. No, to nije dovoljno, smatraju zaposleni i istiËu potrebu zapovremenim konsultantskim angaæmanom neuropsihijatra.Ovaj dom ima samo osnovne medicinske ureaje i priruËnu apoteku skromno snabdevenu.

Deca nisu dovoljno kvalitetno odevena ni obuvena te se moæe govoriti i o stalnoj potrebi za obnavljanjemgarderobe i obuÊe.

Miπljenje zaposlenih Opremanje prostora za radnu obuku

Vaspitno osoblje smatra da dom treba da postoji u svom tradicionalnom obliku, s obzirom na to da se nesmanjuje broj dece kojoj je potreban smeπtaj. OËekuje se da se deo objekta, koji mu pripada, vrati domuna upotrebu (opπtina je ovaj objekat dodelila nekim radnim organizacijama), kako bi se ti prostori opremiliza dodatne aktivnosti dece (na primer, za radnu obuku dece i sl.).


Prioriteti:

Prioriteti:• opremanje proizvodnih radionica za radno osposobljavanje dece kojasu nezainteresovana za πkolovanje ili su u velikom zaostatku uπkolovanju;• edudukacija vaspitaËa o radu sa decom sa posebnim potrebama.

• namirnice: sveæe voÊe i povrÊe, meso;• odeÊa i obuÊa: patike i cipele, donji veπ, pidæame, farmerke;• jedno transportno sredstvo (mini kombi);• ostala neophodna oprema u domu: πporet, televizor (3), posteljina(88), kompjuteri (2)

Objekat je u dobrom stanju iako je graen 1886. godine (renoviran 1983.).ZapoËeta je adaptacija potkrovlja (300 kvm). Uraena je nova krovna konstrukcija sa podaπËavanjem, hidroi termoizolacijom i delom elektroinstalacije kao i novim crepom. Predvieno je da tavanski prostor budenamenjen za radionice, prostor za rekreaciju i za dnevni boravak.Postoji potreba za izmeπtanjem perionice i radionica koje su u podrumu, jer se izliva kiπna kanalizacija.Predlog je da to bude zaseban, prateÊi objekat na istoj lokaciji, rubno postavljen uz ulicu, jer bi jedna odradionica bila servis za pranje automobila u Ëiji bi rad bila ukljuËena i deca iz doma.Zbog izlivanja kiπne kanalizacije u podrum, πto je prouzrokovano neadekvatnim padom postojeÊeinstalacije, potrebno je izvesti preradu kanalizacionog rauvoda sa vezom na uliËni odvod.Zbog nedovoljnog elektroenergetskog kapaciteta, potrebna je rekonstrukcija veÊeg dela elektroinstalacija.

• adaptacija tavanskog prostora za radionice i dnevni boravak;• izmeπtanje perionice zbog izlivanja kiπne kanalizacije;• rekonstrukcija veÊeg dela elektroinstalacija.

Domsko odeljenje za decu bez roditeljskog staranja u Aleksincu se nalazi u posebnoj kuÊi sa lepimdvoriπtem u kojoj moæe da stanuje 48 do 50 dece, odnosno 4 vaspitne grupe. Sada je na smeπtaju 47 deceuzrasta 3 do 20 godina.U skladu sa kapacitetom ustanove i normativima o struËnom radu socijalne zaπtite, sa decom radi 6vaspitaËa. Poslove struËnog socijalnog rada (struËni tim) obavljaju radnici Centra za socijalni rad uAleksincu. Ova situacija oteæava angaæovanje psihologa i pedagoga u kontinuranom tretmanu dece kojoj je takavtretman potreban.Relativno mali broj dece i uslovi æivota u povezanom prostoru jedne kuÊe, uslovljava da su vaspitne grupeformalne i da vaspitaËi u stvari rade sa svom decom.Broj dece u odnosu na broj prisutnih vaspitaËa praktiËno onemoguÊava individualnu paænju.Od smeπtene dece 12 je osnovnoπkolskog uzrasta a 26 dece je usporenog mentalnog razvoja πto znaËi daje velikom broju dece potrebna individualna pomoÊ u uËenju. Meu smeπtenom decom je znaËajan broj sateπkoÊama koje zahtevaju psiholoπki tretman.

Ovaj dom je organizaciona jedinica Meuopπtinskog centra za socijalni rad. U njemuæivi 47 dece bez roditeljskog staranja, πto je, otprilike, i nivo utvrenog kapacitetadoma (48). Deca su, uglavnom, srednjoπkolskog uzrasta. Sedmoro dece je mlae odsedam godina. Viπe od polovine od ukupnog broja su deca lako mentalno ometena (26).



Prioriteti:

15 Dom za decu i omladinu bez roditeljskog staranja"Hristina MarkiπiÊ", AleksinacUlica Tihomira –oreviÊa 2, 18220 Aleksinac • telefon: 018-872-507, 872-210 • faks: 018-872-507

U radu sa decom se prate njihova individualna interesovanja kroz rad sekcija. U pripremi za æivot uporodici, deca se angaæuju u svim redovnim poslovima u domu.Poπto su svi vaspitaËi nastavniËkih zanimanja, potrebne su edukacije iz psihologije, pedagogije idefektologije (oligodefektologije) i bihejvioralnog tretmana enureza.

Zdravstvena zaπtita se organizuje u saradnji sa domom zdravlja. Deca imaju prethodnu zdravstvenudokumentaciju, a u Domu zdravlja se vrπe potrebni pregledi i ustanovljava se medicinski karton radipraÊenja zdravstvenog stanja deteta i sprovoenja zakonske medicinske preventive i potrebnog leËenja.SpecijalistiËki pregledi i bolniËka leËenja se obavljaju u Niπu.Zdravstveno-higijenska preventiva se sprovodi kroz vaspitni rad. Dom je imao teπkoÊa u plaÊanju lekovakojih nije bilo na træiπtu.

Miπljenje zaposlenih Odvajanje od Centra za socijalni rad i proπirenje kapaciteta

Dom treba da se osamostali u odnosu na Centar za socijalni rad. U domu smatraju da kapacitet moæe dase proπiri (do 60 mesta), da deo prostora moæe da se adaptira za dodatne aktivnosti dece, kao i da udvoriπtu mogu da se opreme radionice za radnu obuku dece i dodatne prihode ustanovi.U vaspitnom radu je potrebno poveÊati broj zaposlenih da bi se ostvarila funkcija vaspitnog rada,uspostavio bliski odnos vaspitaËa i deteta i da bi se vaspitni rad uskladio sa potrebama sada smeπtenedece (smetnje u socijalnoj adaptaciji).


Prioriteti:

Prioriteti:• edukacija vaspitaËa iz oblasti psihologije, pedagogije, defektologije(oligodefektologije), bihejvioralnog tretmana enureza;• stalni rad psihologa i pedagoga jer struËni rad obavljaju struËnjaciCentra za socijalni rad iz Aleksinca;• poveÊanje broja vaspitaËa kako bi se stvorili uslovi za individualni rads decom;• domu nedostaje: medicinska sestra, pomoÊni kuvar u prvoj smeni,tehniËki radnik.

• namirnice: med, sveæe meso, voÊe;• oprema u kuhinji, posue;• obnova obuÊe πtiÊenika;• ostala neophodna oprema u domu: ormari i trpezarijske stolice,kompjuteri.

Objekat se nalazi u centru grada. Za potrebe smeπtaja dece koristi se prizemlje i prvi sprat. Oko objektane postoji adekvatna ograda. Zbog namene objekta i lokacije, neophodno je urediti prostor oko objekta iograditi ga.Spolja, objekat je u solidnom stanju, dok su unutraπnjost i oprema u mnogo loπijem stanju. PostojeÊidrveni prozori ne zadovoljavaju ni minimum svoje funkcije, tako da ih treba zameniti.Dnevni boravak je neopremljen: u ovoj prostoriji su samo klupe i jedan televizor. Kupatila su u loπem stanju, naroËito tuπevi i WC-i, koje je potrebno zameniti.

• zamena prozora;• opremanje dnevnog boravka;• renoviranje kupatila;• ureenje prostora oko doma.

Domsko odeljenje u ∆upriji je smeπteno na prvom spratu zgrade u kojoj je Centar za socijalni rad. Decakoriste iste prolaze sa strankama Centra. Dvoriπni prostor za igru je mali i neomeen, izlaz iz doma jeokrenut ka prometnoj ulici u kojoj se odvija i uliËna prodaja robe. Prostor i poloæaj doma je nepovoljan za æivot dece jer ih ograniËava u igri i slobodnim aktivnostima.Normirani kapacitet ustanove je 34 dece, ali realni kapacitet je do 26 dece ili dve vaspitne grupe. Sada jena smeπtaju 32 dece od kojih je viπe od polovine osnovnoπkolskog uzrasta, meu smeπtenom decom je 9dece usporenog intelektualnog razvoja. Sva deca su iz grada i okolnih opπtina. Potrebe za smeπtajem decebez porodiËnog staranja na ovom prostoru su do 4O dece. PorodiËni smeπtaj nije razvijen a nije ni dovoljnopodstican razvoj ovog oblika zaπtite dece.Broj vaspitaËa je u skladu sa normativima (4 i jedan sa polovinom radnog vremena) i zbog radnog vremenavaspitaËa, sa decom je jedan vaspitaË u smeni. Ovakva organizacija rada utiËe da se sa svom decom radizajedno, da deca æive kao u velikoj porodici, vaspitne grupe su formalne.Sva deca iz doma su na πkolovanju. Poπto su πkole udaljene od doma, najveÊi deo vremena deca provodeu aktivnostima vezanim za πkolu i malo im vremena ostaje za neπto drugo, deca nisu usmerena nadogaanja u gradu, u odnosima doma i lokalne zajednice vlada ravnoduπnost.

Dom je sastavni deo Centra za socijalni rad u ∆upriji i nalazi se u istoj zgradi gde icentar. Kapacitet ovog doma je 34 mesta, a trenutno su na smeπtaju 32 deteta. Samojedno dete je mlae od sedam godina, ostala su osnovnoπkolskog (18) isrednjoπkolskog (14) uzrasta. Devetoro dece je lako mentalno ometeno uintelektualnom razvoju.



Prioriteti:

16 Dom za decu i omladinu bez roditeljskog staranja priCentru za socijalni rad, ∆uprijaUlica Cara Lazara 89, 35000 ∆uprija • telefon: 035-460-533 • faks: 035-477-275

Deca koja ne mogu da zavrπe redovne πkole se radno osposobljavaju na kursevima i nalaze posao uzteπkoÊe.Poslove struËnog socijalnog rada i struËnog tima obavljaju radnici Centra za socijalni rad.VaspitaËima su potrebne dodatne edukacije o radu sa decom ometenom u razvoju.

Zdravstvena zaπtita se ostvaruje prema propisima zdravstva i u redovnim zdravstvenim institucijama ugradu i regionu. Deca su u osnovi zdrava, a najËeπÊi su problemi emocionalne zanemarenosti.

Ishrana je zadovoljavajuÊa zahvaljujuÊi donacijama meunarodnih humanitarnih organizacija.

OdeÊa, obuÊa, πkolski pribor i sredstva za liËnu higijenu nabavljaju se, takoe, posredstvom humanitarnepomoÊi.

Miπljenje zaposlenih Uskladiti vaspitni rad sa strukturom dece

VaspitaËi smatraju da dom treba da opstane u sadaπnjoj formi posebno zbog velikog broja adolescenatakojima ne odgovara porodiËni smeπtaj.Istaknuto je, takoe, da vaspitni rad treba normirati u skladu sa strukturom dece na smeπtaju.


Prioriteti:

Prioriteti:• razvijanje kvalitetnijeg kontakta sa lokalnom zajednicom;• edukacija vaspitaËa o radu s decom ometenom u razvoju.

• namirnice: med, sveæe voÊe i povrÊe, paπtete, sveæe meso, virπle,suhomesnati proizvodi, majonez, eurokrem;• oprema u kuhinji: maπina za ljuπÊenje krompira, maπina za meπenjetesta i maπina za seËenje hleba;• duksevi, Ëarape i farmerke za decu, kao i obnova sezonske obuÊe;• ostala neophodna oprema u domu: fenovi za kosu, pegle, veπ maπina,usisivaËi, kompjuterska oprema.

U okviru kompleksa doma je Ëetvorospratna zgrada, pribliæne povrπine oko 4600 kvm, graena namenski1938. godine i Materinski dom, prizemna zgrada, povrπine oko 400 kvm.Objekat koji je zidan 1938. godine je u solidnom stanju i, pored Ëetiri sprata, ima prizemlje, suteren ipodrum. Osnovni problem je krovna terasa na poslednjem spratu koju bi trebalo adaptirati i osposobiti zakoriπÊenje u letnjim mesecima. Adaptiranjem terase i pojaËanjem izolacionog sloja poboljπali bi se i termouslovi na Ëetvrtom spratu.Ostale terase, na svakom spratu, takoe treba srediti, staviti viπu ogradu da bi mogle da budu u funkcijikorisnika.Ceo objekat bi trebalo okreËiti i zameniti podove.Dvoriπte je lepo ureeno u vidu parka, ali zbog strukture korisnika (deca do tri godine) trebalo bi gaopremiti odgovarajuÊim spravama.Prizemni objekat Materinskog doma enterijerski treba adaptirati i zameniti dotrajalu opremu.

Centar za zaπtitu odojËadi, dece i omladine, Beograd

• adaptacija krovne terase na poslednjem spratu da bi se osposobilaza koriπÊenje u letnjim mesecima;• kreËenje i zamena podova;• enterijersko opremanje Materinskog doma.

Stacionar za majku i dete je najpoznatija ustanova deËje zaπtite u Beogradu. Ustanova se nalazi u objektunamenski graenom 1938. godine u kome je naglaπena funkcija zdravstvene zaπtite najmlaih korisnika,novoroenËadi.U ustanovu se smeπtaju deca bez roditeljskog staranja uzrasta 0 do 3 godine æivota, a ima u sastavu iMaterinski dom, za prihvat trudnica i majki sa decom do 9 meseci æivota koje nemaju porodiËnu podrπku.



17

a) Stacionar za majku i deteZveËanska ulica 7, 11000 Beograd • telefon: 011-36-90-314, 648-622

Centar za zaπtitu odojËadi, dece i omladine -Beograd je sloæena ustanova, nastala spajanjem svih ustanovasocijalne zaπtite za smeπtaj dece bez roditeljskog staranja u Beogradu. U sastavu Centra je Stacionar za majkui dete, DeËji dom "Dragutin FilipoviÊ-Jusa", Dom za decu i omladinu "Moπa Pijade", Dom za decu i omladinu"Drinka PavloviÊ", Dom za decu i omladinu "Jovan JovanoviÊ-Zmaj" i novootvoreni Dom za srednjoπkolsku istudentsku omladinu. Ovakva organizacija ustanova omoguÊava kontinuiranu domsku zaπtitu dece, imajuÊiu vidu potrebe prema uzrasnoj strukturi dece.Centar ima zajedniËku upravu, administrativnu, finansijsku i tehniËku sluæbu i, povremeno, struËni tim nanivou ustanove za prijem, praÊenje i otpust korisnika koji ima znaËaja za funkcionalnu povezanostpojedinaËnih domova.Svaka organizaciona jedinica ima rukovodioca ustanove i struËno i tehniËko osoblje prema normativimasocijalne zaπtite. Zbog dislociranosti objekata, efikasnost zajedniËkih sluæbi, posebno tehniËke i nabavnesluæbe, nije zadovoljavajuÊa. Postoje smetnje i za efikasno delovanje pojedinih domova prema javnosti i uodnosu na saradnike i druge institucije.

Ovo je najpoznatija ustanova za smeπtaj dece liπene roditeljskog staranja, najmlaeg uzrasta.U Stacionaru je smeπteno 279 dece od 0 do 3 godine. Kapacitet ove ustanove, u kojoj jenaglaπen zdravstveni aspekat zaπtite dece, je 330 mesta. Dom ima i rehabilitaciono odeljenjeza smeπtaj dece sa rizikom u razvoju.U okviru Stacionara je i Materinski dom, namenjen za prihvat trudnica i majki sa decom do 9meseci æivota koje nemaju porodiËnu zaπtitu. Trenutno je u njemu smeπteno 6 majki sa decom.

Prioriteti:

U okviru Stacionara je i rehabilitaciono odeljenje za decu sa zdravstvenim i razvojnim problemima. Ukupankapacitet ustanove je 330 mesta, od toga je 40 mesta na odeljenju za ranu rehabilitaciju i 40 za Materinskidom. Kapacitet ustanove je popunjen u visokom procentu, ne uvek u skladu sa projektovanjem poodeljenjima, πto zavisi od trenutnih potreba za smeπtajem i moguÊnosti otpusta prerasle dece.U staranju o najmlaoj deci je primarna fiziËka i zdravstvena nega, πto je naglaπeno organizacijom iopremom prostora i kadrovskom opremljenoπÊu.Za najraniji uzrast i za decu u programu rehabilitacije uslovi su viπe hospitalni nego domski, a posledicetoga su primetne i u psihomotornom razvoju dece. Da bi se ublaæile posledice poËetnog tipa nege dece,ustanova je zaposlila profesionalne vaspitaËe za decu predπkolskog uzrasta, iako to normativi nepredviaju. Materijalni uslovi, opremljenost ustanove i organizacija rada ne pruæaju dovoljno moguÊnostida deca, i kada prohodaju, izlaze u prirodnu socijalnu, vandomsku sredinu.U cilju bolje socijalizacije dece, ustanova je omoguÊila da uËenici srednje medicinske πkole obavljajustruËnu praksu u Stacionaru i oni dolaze dva puta nedeljno da se bave decom. Otvorena su i vrata ustanoveprogramima nevladinih organizacija. Primena ovih programa je povremena, programi ne prolaze uvekprethodnu adekvatnu struËnu redakciju i efekti toga rada Ëesto ne odgovaraju ni uloæenim sredstvima niuloæenom radu.Poslednjih godina, kako se smanjuje obim hraniteljskog smeπtaja, usporen je izlazak dece iz Stacionarakoja se do treÊe godine ne vrate u prirodnu porodicu i za koju se ne nae usvojiteljska porodica. NajËeπÊeje produæen boravak dece usporenog mentalnog razvoja i dece sa zdravstvenim i drugim smetnjama urazvoju. Posebno su ugroæena deca sa fiziËkim invaliditetom jer, ako su normalnog intelektualnog razvoja,za takvu decu ne postoji odgovarajuÊa ustanova za smeπtaj, a teπko se pronalazi hraniteljska iliusvojiteljska porodica.

Miπljenje zaposlenih Sparingovanje dece i usvojitelja osnovni zadatak

Zaposleni smatraju da je Stacionar neophodan kao republiËka ustanova i da mu treba poveritisparingovanje dece i usvojitelja u postupku usvojenja. Smatra se da Materinski dom sada ima funkcijuprihvatiliπta za porodilje i da je treba funkciju prilagoditi sadaπnjoj populaciji na smeπtaju.


Prioriteti:• stvaranje uslova da deca ËeπÊe izlaze u prirodnu socijalnu,vandomsku, sredinu (kada prohodaju);• idealan broj vaspitaËa za dve smene bi bio 24 tako da je potrebnozaposliti joπ vaspitaËa;• nedostaje loæaË, domar i nutricionista.

Prioriteti:• medicinska oprema : 5 aspiratora, 7 inhalatora, 7 aparata za kiseonik,aparat za inigraferentne struje, laser za lasero terapiju, aparat zavakuum terapiju, aparat za ultrazvuk sa dijagnostiËkim strujama, sondeza ultrazvuk za abdomen i C.N.S. za ultrazvuËnu dijagnostiku, kazan zaparafin terapiju (3), aparat i kada za podvodnu masaæu, aparat zagovornu sluπnu dijagnostiku KSAFA, deËja invalidska kolica (2),Meklaren kolica za cerebralnu paralizu, aparat za elektroforezu, aparatiza merenje pritiska za odrasle i za decu (5);• oprema u kuhinji: veÊe maπine za pranje sudova sa moguÊnoπÊusterilizacije (3), maπine za ljuπÊenje povrÊa, kazan za Ëuvanje hrane,kuhinjski πporet sa kombinacijom plina, 10 obiËnih kuhinjskih πporeta,10 friæidera, 4 zamrzivaËa, 1000 komada πolja od rostfraja;• ostala neophodna oprema u domu: maπine za pranje deËjih noπa (7),telefonska centrala, kreveti (ili plastifikacija postojeÊih).

Objekat je graen 1930. godine i nalazi se u uæem centru grada.S obzirom na uzrast dece (3 do 5 godina, uglavnom) smeπtene u ovom domu, objekat (P+2) nijefunkcionalan, prvenstveno zbog nedovoljno obezbeenog unutraπnjeg stepeniπta. Neophodno jepostavljanje zaπtitne mreæe na postojeÊu ogradu.Iako je objekat, sam po sebi, arhitektonski lep, trebalo bi popraviti i ofarbati fasadu kao i zidani deozgrade. Oluke treba delimiËno popraviti.Krov i krovnu konstrukciju treba rekonstruisati, delimiËno zameniti grede, letve i crepove. Terasu nadrugom spratu treba hidroizolovati i postaviti novi zavrπni sloj - ploËice.Na sobama, kupatilima i hodnicima potrebna je popravka vrata, dok ulazna vrata treba zameniti. Zbogpojave vlage u pojedinim prostorijama (trpezarija, kuhinja) neophodna je zamena vodovodne ikanalizacione instalacije. Elektroinstalacija je stara i dotrajala i trebalo bi je izmeniti.Podove treba delimiËno zameniti ili popraviti, a tamo gde je parket treba ga popraviti, hoblovati i lakirati.U kupatilima i WC-ima treba zameniti kompletnu opremu. Uz pomoÊ donatora dosta opreme je obnovljenoali joπ uvek postoji potreba za izmenama i popravkama - deËjih kreveta, ormana, radnih stolova.Postoji predlog da se u dvoriπtu napravi poseban objekat - igraonica koju bi trebalo opremitiodgovarajuÊim sadræajem.

• delimiËna rekonstrukcija krova i krovne konstrukcije;• hidroizolacija terase;• delimiËna zamena vodovodne i kanalizacione instalacije;• zamena elektroinstalacija.

Dom za decu "Dragutin FilipoviÊ-Jusa" je 1963. godine osnovala opπtina VraËar. Od 1997. godine, odlukomCentra, u ovaj dom se smeπtaju deca predπkolskog uzrasta (3 do 6 godina). NajËeπÊe je reË o deci izStacionara za koju nije na vreme pronaena hraniteljska porodica ili drugi oblik zaπtite.Kapacitet doma je 3O mesta, a broj smeπtene dece je uvek veÊi.U sastavu doma je prihvatna stanica kapaciteta 10 mesta kroz koju godiπnje prolazi nekoliko stotina dece,a jedan broj ove dece ostaje na domskom smeπtaju. Deca iz prihvatne stanice su u posebnom delu domadok se ne proveri njihovo zdravstveno stanje, zatim ih uvode u redovne vaspitne grupe u kojima ostajudo povratka u sopstvenu porodicu ili do nalaæenja drugog oblika zaπtite.Objekat doma nije namenski graen za sadaπnju funkciju te su uraene neophodne adaptacije u ciljufiziËkog obezbeenja dece.U strukturi dece je najviπe najmlaih (3-4 godine), dece usporenog mentalnog razvoja ima oko 30% πto jevaæno zbog organizacije i sadræaja vaspitnog rada.U neposrednoj nezi i vaspitnom radu uËestvuje 5 vaspitaËa profesionalno osposobljenih za rad s decompredπkolskog uzrasta, Ëetiri medicinske sestre, noÊni vaspitaË s polovinom radnog vremena, pedagog isocijalni radnik.

Dom je namenjen smeπtaju dece predπkolskog uzrasta. Kapacitet ove ustanove je 30mesta, a u okviru nje formirana je i prihvatna stanica koja moæe da obezbedi utoËiπteza 10 dece. U domu trenutno æivi 34 dece stare do sedam godina. Samo jedno dete jelako mentalno ometeno. Meutim, sedmoro dece, iako nisu kategorisani, premaproceni psihologa, ide u razvojnu grupu u vrtiÊu. U domu je procenjeno da 15 decemlaeg uzrasta zaostaje u razvoju.Za jednu treÊinu dece nema uopπte podataka o roditeljima, a dve treÊine imaju pojednog roditelja, uglavnom majku.



Prioriteti:

b) Dom za decu i omladinu bez roditeljskog staranja"Dragutin FilipoviÊ-Jusa"Ulica Boæidara Adæije 17, 11000 Beograd • telefon: 011-454-973 • faks: 011-454-973

Broj zaposlenih nije dovoljan da ispuni potrebe dece za paænjom, zdravstvenom i fiziËkom negom, udnevnim smenama je po troje od vaspitnog osoblja ( na 3O do 4O dece), a noÊu samo jedan vaspitaË. Dabi se dopunio vaspitni i negovateljski rad i sadræajno obogatio æivot dece, dom sarauje sa deËjimpredπkolskim ustanovama, Institutom za psihofizioloπke poremeÊaje i patologiju govora, Ëiji saradnici radesa decom, sa deËjim kulturnim institucijama itd.Zbog broja dece i osoblja, organizacije i opremljenosti prostora, dom funkcioniπe kao jedna celina, kaojedna velika porodica, ali suviπe brojna da bi pruæila deci ovog uzrasta dovoljno topline i intimnosti, liËnogkontakta. Poπto su u pitanju deca na uzrastu kada se uËe osnove odnosa u najbliæoj sredini, a najËeπÊe su deca izStacionara, znaËi bez ikakvog porodiËnog iskustva i oformljenih trajnijih pojedinaËnih odnosa sa nekomosobom u ulozi roditelja, za ovu decu bi bilo povoljnije da su u domu porodiËnog tipa, sa jednimvaspitaËem i relativno stabilnom grupom druge dece razliËitog uzrasta.

Neposrednu zdravstvenu negu i kontrolu vode medicinske sestre, opπtu zdravstvenu zaπtitu sprovodi Domzdravlja VraËar Ëiji lekar dolazi jednom nedeljno u dom.

Deca su dobro snabdevena odeÊom i obuÊom, igraËkama, zahvaljujuÊi donacijama pojedinaca koje animirauprava doma i redovnim donatorskim akcijama koje se sprovode preko Centra za zaπtitu odojËadi, dece imladih.

Miπljenje zaposlenihDom porodiËnog tipa

Prema miπljenju zaposlenih, dom treba da se organizuje kao svaki dom za decu i omladinu, za sve uzrasteili da se kadrovski opremi prema potrebama dece ovog uzrasta.


Prioriteti:

Prioriteti:• poveÊanje broja zaposlenih u neposrednom radu s decom (psiholog,tri medicinske sestre, tri vaspitaËa, logoped, fizioterapeut);• koncipiranje vaspitnog rada na principu doma porodiËnog tipa.

• namirnice za pripremanje uæine jer se uæina priprema u domu;• oprema u kuhinji: zameniti kuhinjske elemente, escajg, tanjiri, Ëaπe,πolje;• ostala neophodna oprema u domu: suπara za veπ, bojler, 40 krevetaza decu, 40 ormara za decu, 8 ormara za obuÊu, 5 garderobera, 5ormara za kancelarije, radni stolovi, kancelarijski sto sa stolicama,tepisi i staze za deËje sobe, zavese, sto i stolovi za trpezariju,strunjaËe, πvedske lestve, tobogan, obruËevi, kuÊica-skrivalica,ljuljaπke, klackalice, bazen s peskom, kompjuter i πtampaË, edukativnimaterijal (slagalice, pazle, kockice, koloredo-bockalice, video i audiokasete, bojanke, slikovnice, table, lopte, vijaËe).

Objekat je namenski graen 1957. godine. Sama zgrada je solidna mada je potrebna popravka i kreËenjefasade.Krov prokiπnjava kao i velika terasa na zadnjoj etaæi. Ograda od terase je potpuno dotrajala. Terasu trebahidroizolovati i postaviti nov zavrπni sloj, ogradu popraviti a krov rekonstruisati.Kupatila su u fazi rekonstrukcije kao i trpezarija sa kuhinjom.Prozori i unutraπnja vrata su dotrajali i treba ih zameniti. Enterijerska oprema po sobama je relativnozadovoljavajuÊa. Potrebni su ormari i police. Podove po sobama bi trebalo rekonstruisati.Otvoreni prostor oko doma potrebno je urediti i instalirati opremu.

• rekonstrukcija krova i postavljanje hidroizolacije na terasi;• zamena prozora i unutraπnjih vrata;• delimiËna obnova enterijera (police i ormari).

Dom "Moπa Pijade" je jedan od prvih namenski graenih domova porodiËnog tipa.Kapacitet ustanove je 8 vaspitnih grupa, odnosno 96 dece, a u skladu sa normativima, ustanova ima 10vaspitaËa, socijalnog radnika i psihologa.Sada je na smeπtaju 83 dece, veÊina je πkolskog uzrasta, uËenici redovnih πkola. U domu ima 10 studenata.Procenat dece lako ometene u mentalnom razvoju je niæi nego πto je proseËno u drugim domovima - 17 %(19 πtiÊenika).Organizacija vaspitnog rada u ovom domu je prilagoena gradskim uslovima i deci koja idu u πkolu pa sedeca lako ometena u razvoju teæe uklapaju u redovni kuÊni red poπto imaju dosta slobodnog vremena, au ustanovi nemaju programe aktivnosti za njih. U domu nema dovoljno opreme za radnu obuku dece, posebno dece koja nemaju uslova da zavrπe srednjuπkolu, a ima prostora koji bi se za to mogao opremiti. U svakodnevnom æivotu doma, deËaci se obuËavajuza upotrebu jednostavnih alata uz domara, a svi za uobiËajene poslove u domaÊinstvu. U domu imamuziËkih instrumenata ali nisu u upotrebi.Za neku decu, koja su bez ikakve porodiËne podrπke, produæava se boravak u domu, posebno ako imsteËeno obrazovanje ne omoguÊava relativno brzo nalaæenje posla.

U ovom domu æivi 83 dece liπene roditeljskog staranja. Kapacitet doma je 96 mesta.Deca su, uglavnom, osnovnoπkolskog (32) i srednjoπkolskog uzrasta (28), a samo jedanπtiÊenik je mlai od sedam godina. KarakteristiËnost ovog doma je veliki broj dece kojasu starija od 18 godina (23). Broj lako mentalno ometene dece u ovom domu je 19. Nikakve kontakte sa roditeljima ili srodnicima ne odræava 38 dece.



Prioriteti:

v) Dom za decu i omladinu bez roditeljskog staranja"Moπa Pijade"UstaniËka ulica 19, 11000 Beograd • telefon: 011-444-00-66 • faks: 011-450-257

Redovna osnovna zdravstvena zaπtita ostvaruje se u Domu zdravlja Voædovac. U domu postojistomatoloπka ordinacija za ceo centar. Deca su u osnovi zdrava. Medicinska sestra vodi raËuna ohigijensko-medicinskom vaspitanju i kontroli zdravlja, sarauje sa zdravstvenim sluæbama i kontroliπekuÊno leËenje.

Miπljenje zaposlenih VeÊa sloboda odluËivanja

Dom ima dovoljno dece na smeπtaju i smatra se da je u dogledno vreme neophodno postojanje doma.Zbog glomazne organizacije Centra smatra se da je potrebna veÊa, ili Ëak potpuna sloboda u odluËivanjuu okviru organizacionih jedinica, tj. domova.


Prioriteti:

Prioriteti:• prilagoavanje organizacije vaspitnog rada deci sa posebnimpotrebama;• nabavka opreme za radnu obuku dece koja nemaju interesovanja zazavrπetak srednje πkole ili, zbog kasnog zavrπetka osnovne πkole, nisuzavrπila srednju;• 8 matiËnih vaspitaËa (da bi bilo po dva na matiËnu grupu, sasmenskim radom);• kompletiranje struËnog tima (pedagog);• sekretar;• medicinski radnik;• dve domaÊice;• konsultativna psihijatrijska sluæba;• psiholoπko savetovaliπte za adolescente.

• lekovi i sanitetski materijal: osnovni lekovi za hroniËne bolesnike,osnovni lekovi sa negativne liste kao πto su kapi za nos, sirupi zakaπalj, vitaminski preparati, sredstva za negu (kreme, puderi) za maludecu i adolescente;• oprema za kuhinju: πerpe i tanjiri od rostfraja, maπina za pranje sua;• namirnice za dodatnu ishranu po grupama (dæem, margarin, paπtete,mleko, keks), namirnice za dijetetsku ishranu (keks, Ëaj, dvopek),dodatne isporuke voÊa, mleka, voÊnih sokova, slatkiπa;• veπ, Ëarape, pidæame;• ostala neophodna oprema: video i audio-edukativni materijal,kompleti πkolske lektire za osnovnu i srednju πkolu, dijaprojektor, 8maπina za kucanje, 8 kasetofona, materijali za ruËni rad, maπine zaπivenje, stolarski i bravarski alat.

Objekat se nalazi u gradskoj stambenoj Ëetvrti - naselju BraÊa JerkoviÊ. Graen je namenski 1988. godine.Graevinski je u dobrom stanju, ali instalacije vodovoda i kanalizacije treba rekonstruisati zbog pojavevlage po kupatilima.Prizemlje objekta, sa holovima, trpezarijom i kuhinjom je u dobrom stanju.Prozori na celom objektu su dotrajali, ne dihtuju, zbog Ëega je u svim prostorijama hladno i pored dobroggrejanja. Neophodno je reπiti taj problem - zamenom ili popravkom.Enterijerska oprema po sobama i dnevnim boravcima je potpuno dotrajala, sem u dve sobe koje sunedavno adaptirane. Podovi, zidovi i rasveta po sobama i dnevnim boravcima su, takoe, u vrlo loπemstanju. Kupatila, pored vlage koju treba sanirati, u loπem su stanju.Neophodna je kompletna adaptacija soba, dnevnih boravaka i kupatila, kao i nabavka nove opreme.

• rekonstrukcija instalacija vodovoda i kanalizacije;• zamena prozora na celom objektu;• adaptacija dnevnih i spavaÊih soba i kupatila;• obnova enterijerske opreme po dnevnim i spavaÊim sobama.

Dom za decu i omladinu "Jovan JovanoviÊ Zmaj" je preseljen u novu, namenski graenu zgradu 1989.godine. Objekat je preveliki za namenu i sa mnogo tehniËkih nedostataka koji bitno utiËu na zagrevanjeprostora. Za dom se koristi samo deo objekta, u jednom delu je zajedniËka kuhinja za domove celogCentra, a deo prostora je iznajmljen preduzeÊu Telekom-Srbija za uËeniËki dom.Projektovani kapacitet doma je 96 dece ili 8 vaspitnih grupa, a s tim u skladu je i broj zaposlenih vaspitaËa.Dom ima i ceo struËni tim (socijalni radnik, psiholog, pedagog). U domu je na smeπtaju 68 dece, od togaje viπe od polovine osnovnoπkolskog uzrasta. Meu smeπtenom decom je 29 dece usporenog mentalnograzvoja.KarakteristiËno za ovaj dom je da veliki prostor, uz tehniËke nedostatke, oteæava stvaranje tople"porodiËne" atmosfere. Tome doprinosi i velika fluktuacija dece, dosta novih prijema i teπkoÊa da sepostigne kohezivnost vaspitne grupe. Uslovi u domu ne pruæaju moguÊnosti za simuliranje porodice iporodiËnog æivota (mali je broj vaspitnog osoblja i krut kuÊni red da bi mogao da se prati ritam prirodnogæivota porodice, malo je moguÊnosti za prijatne "porodiËne" aktivnosti, nema uslova, npr. za okupljanjeoko pripreme hrane, od aktivnosti porodiËnog tipa, deca imaju grube obaveze odræavanja higijene,ureenja prostora i sl.)

Dom "Jovan JovanoviÊ Zmaj" namenjen je deci liπenoj roditeljskog staranja od 7 do 18godina. U njemu trenutno æivi 68 dece, od koje je 24 uzrasta od 7 do 14, a 18 je uzrastaod 14 do 18 godina. Samo jedno dete smeπteno u ovaj dom je mlae od sedam godina.Kapacitet doma je 72 mesta, a deo ovog, inaËe, ogromnog kompleksa, iznajmljen jepreduzeÊu Telekom-Srbija za uËeniËki dom.Skoro polovina od ukupnog broja dece spada u kategoriju lako mentalno ometene dece(29).



Prioriteti:

g) Dom za decu i omladinu bez roditeljskog staranja"Jovan JovanoviÊ Zmaj"Ulica BraÊe JerkoviÊ 119, 11000 Beograd • telefon: 011-461-867 • faks: 011-492-184

Uslovljeno organizacijom prostora i æivota u domu, kao i uzrastom dece, u domu su vaspitne grupe uznaËajnoj meri ujednaËene po uzrastu.U cilju podsticanja i uËenja dece æivotu u zajednici, odnosima i nalaæenju svog mesta u grupi, aktivira separticipacija dece u odluËivanju.Dom ima otvorena vrata za programe nevladinih organizacija i daje prednost projektima priznatihstruËnjaka za odreenu oblast. Procenjuje se u ovoj ustanovi da su najpoæeljniji programi sa sadræajimakoji zadovoljavaju interesovanja i sposobnosti dece (umetnost, znanja, veπtine) i programi psihosocijalnogobrazovanja (nenasilna komunikacija, zaπtita od nasilja i sl.) imajuÊi u vidu prethodnu istoriju dece i njihovsocijalni status u sredini.

Miπljenje zaposlenih Samostalno planiranje razvoja ustanove

Prostor doma je preveliki, a funkcionisanje doma u okviru velike organizacije (Centra za zaπtitu odojËadi,dece i omladine) onemoguÊava ih da samostalno planiraju razvoj ustanove.


Prioriteti:• poveÊanje broja vaspitnog osoblja radi intenzivnijeg neposrednogkontakta sa decom (6 vaspitaËa) i omoguÊavanje organizacije vaspitnograda na principu doma porodice;• realizacija programa psihosocijalnog obrazovanja ali i drugih sadræajaprijemËivih deci, u saradnji sa nevladinim organizacijama;• edukativni programi iz razvojne psihologije i razvojnepsihopatologije: posledica emocionalng liπavanja i zlostavljanja,prevencija i detekcija zlostavljanja, narkomanije;• priznavanje pedagoga, odnosno potpunog struËnog tima;• priznavanje radnog mesta za dve medicinske sestre (dvosmenski radu koji bi uπli svi konsultativni poslovi oko ishrane i zdravstvene zaπtite,kao i poslovi sanitarnog nadzora);• konsultativna psihijatrijska sluæba.

• medicinska oprema: sterilizator, meraË pritiska, vaga za merenjevisine i teæine, toplomeri, osnovni lekovi sa negativne liste (kapi za nos,sirupi protiv kaπlja, vitaminski preparati), sanitetski materijal, makaze,makazice za nokte, sredstva protiv vaπljivosti, sredstva za posebnuhigijenu koæe u adolescenciji;• namirnice: med, sveæe voÊe i povrÊe, suhomesnati proizvodi,namirnice za organizovanje dijetalne ishrane po potrebi (keks, dvopek,Ëaj, limun), namirnice za pravljenje torti za deËje roendane, namirniceza dopunsku ishranu u okviru grupa (kokice, puding, med, dæem,margarin, paπteta, kakao),• oprema u kuhinji: maπina za pranje sua, kirbi;• odeÊa i obuÊa: obnova sportske obuÊe svih πtiÊenika.InaËe, ideja vaspitaËa u domu je da se planirana sredstva za kupovinuobuÊe i odeÊe unapred uplate prodavnicama i buticima, kako bi decamogla sama da izaberu ono πto Êe da kupe i odenu.• Ostala neophodna oprema: maπina za pranje veπa, usisivaË, fenovi,pegle, daske za peglanje, televizori, kasetofoni, reπo sa dve ringle,vatrogasne merdevine.

Prioriteti:

Objekat doma je graen namenski 1965. godine i graevinski je u solidnom stanju.Osnovni problem je ravan krov koji prokiπnjava. Potrebna je rekonstrukcija i postavljanje kosog krova.Stolarija-prozori i vrata su u loπem stanju i potrebna je kompletna zamena. Kupatila je potrebno adaptirati,poËev od instalacije vodovoda i kanalizacije do sreivanja podova, zidova i nove opreme.Elektroinstalacija, takoe, zahteva rekonstrukciju, naroËito po prostorijama za boravak dece. Kuhinja itrpezarija su neuslovne i treba ih adaptirati i opremiti.Poπto je koncept porodice napuπten, neophodna je adaptacija tih prostora. Oprema po sobama i dnevnimboravcima je potpuno dotrajala ili je uopπte nema tako da je jedan od prioriteta kompletna zamenanameπtaja

• rekonstrukcija krova• kompletna zamena stolarije• adaptacija kupatila• zamena nameπtaja• adaptacija kuhinje i trpezarije

Dom "Drinka PavloviÊ" je namenski graen kao dom porodiËnog tipa, za osam porodica, odnosno osamvaspitnih grupa. U ovom domu je nekoliko godina eksperimentalno funkcionisala organizacija æivota poizvornoj koncepciji "doma-porodice", vaspitaËi su stanovali u domu sa decom na smeπtaju.Sada je u domu smeπteno 68 dece, odnosno 6 vaspitnih grupa i u skladu s tim je zaposleno osamvaspitaËa, socijalni radnik i psiholog. VeÊina dece je osnovnoπkolskog uzrasta, u domu je 27 deceusporenog intelektualnog razvoja.U ovakvoj strukturi dece, rad vaspitaËa je u najveÊem delu vremena usmeren na mlau decu i obuku tedece za osnovnu brigu o sebi, ponaπanju, poπtovanju kuÊnog reda i potreba drugih. UËenje porodiËnomæivotu poËinje od tih odnosa i obaveza odræavanja reda, higijene i dr. NajveÊa uæivanja zajedniËkog æivotasu vezana za pripremu hrane. Gradska sredina i tradicija doma utiËu da su deca u svojim aktivnostima usmerena na spoljnu sredinu:πkolu, sportske organizacije, kulturne i umetniËke organizacije, vrlo su aktivna u pokretu izviaËa, uslobodnom vremenu prate i sva dogaanja u gradu.

U ovom domu æivi 68 dece, a projektovani kapacitet doma je 96 mesta. VeÊina dece jeosnovnoπkolskog uzrasta (33). Dece uzrasta od 14 do 18 godina ima 29, a 6 πtiÊenikaje starije od 18 godina. Broj lako mentalno ometene dece u ovom domu je 27, jedanπtiÊenik je graniËnih intelektualnih sposobnosti. Oko Ëetrdesetoro dece odræavakontakte sa roditeljima i srodnicima.



Prioriteti:

d) Dom za decu i omladinu bez roditeljskog staranja"Drinka PavloviÊ"Ulica Koste GlaviniÊa 14, 11000 Beograd • telefon: 011-650-761

Zdravstvenu kontrolu, zdravstveno-higijensko vaspitanje i saradnju sa domom zdravlja i zdravstvenimustanovama vodi medicinska sestra.

Potrebe dece za odeÊom, obuÊom, higijenskim sredstvima i πkolskim priborom obezbeuju se prekoorganizovanog donatorstva velikih humanitarnih organizacija.

Miπljenje zaposlenih PomoÊ deci nakon izlaska iz doma

U domu ima neiskoriπÊenog stambenog prostora. Planovi su usmereni na smanjenje kapaciteta doma radipostizanja manjih "porodiËnih zajednica" i opremanje osloboenog prostora za stambeno obezbeenjedece koja izlaze iz doma, dok se ne zaposle i steknu uslove za pravo osamostaljivanje ("kuÊe na polaputa").


Prioriteti:• medicinska oprema: stetoskop, vaga za merenje teæine i visine,sterilizator sa doboπ kasetama, meraË πeÊera u krvi, toplomeri, tas zalekove, pean, pinceta, bubreænjak, πpatule sa posudama, orman zalekove;• lekovi i sanitetski materijal: analgetici, antipiretici, antipsihotici,antidepresivi, neki od lekova sa negativne liste (sirupi za kaπalj, kapi zanos), antibiotske masti i Ëajevi sa antiseptiËkim dejstvom, alkohol, jod,hidrogen, vitaminski preparati, zavojni materijal, gaze, flasteri,hanzaplasti, testovi za trudnoÊu, sredstva za kontracepciju;• namirnice: med, mleko, sveæe voÊe, sveæa riba;• oprema za kuhinju: maπina za pranje sua;• ostala neophodna oprema: oprema za opremanje fiskulturne sale,biblioteke, umetniËke, muziËke i kompjuterske radionice, kluba zaneformalno slobodno vreme, didaktiËki materijal i igraËke.

Prioriteti:• smanjenje kapaciteta doma i formiranje "porodiËnih zajednica";• opremanje osloboenog prostora za stambeno obezbeenje decekoja izlaze iz doma (realizacija projekta "kuÊe na pola puta");• potrebno je joπ vaspitaËa da bi vaspitne grupe imale svoje vaspitaËeu obe vaspitne smene;• ceo struËni tim;• medicinska sestra, priznata normativima;• neuropsihijatrijska konsultantska sluæba;• domaÊica.

Ispred ovog objekta je uski pojas zelenila, a iza izdvojeno dvoriπte, ograeno metalnom ogradom.Zgrada doma je graena πezdesetih godina, sa ravnim krovom. Zbog prokiπnjavanja krov je saniran, alizasada, samo delimiËno. Kao trajnije reπenje predlaæe se izrada kosog krova ili nadogradnja jednog sprata,πto je statiËki moguÊe (takoe sa kosim krovom).Zbog nedovoljnog pada kanalizacione instalacije, dolazi do prelivanja u suterenu. Potrebna je sanacijakanalizacione instalacije.Podove u kupatilima i WC u prizemlju treba zameniti.Enterijer soba, trpezarija i kuhinje su relativno novi, vrlo dobro odræavani.Dvoriπte iza objekta treba srediti i opremiti koπevima.

• izrada kosog krova ili nadogradnja jednog sprata;• zamena podova u kupatilima u prizemlju;• sreivanje dvoriπta iza objekta.

Dom je formiran 1999. godine, u renoviranom objektu u kome je pre toga bilo Prihvatiliπte za decu imladeæ.U domu su smeπteni uËenici srednjih πkola i studenti bez roditeljskog staranja, iz drugih domova ihraniteljskih porodica, iz sredina u kojima nisu imali odgovarajuÊe uslove za dalje πkolovanje. Deo domaje dat u zakup preduzeÊu PTT za dom uËenika (19 uËenika).Dom je internatskog tipa, kapaciteta 50 mesta. Takva organizacija prostora odgovara nameni. U ovuustanovu je sada smeπteno 30 dece koja su samostalna u radu, sa razvijenim interesovanjima i navikamaintelektualnog rada.U neposrednom vaspitnom radu je angaæovano 5 vaspitaËa, od kojih jedan sa polovinom radnog vremena,socijalni radnik i pedagog. Potreba postoji za angaæovanjem psihologa u individualnom radu sa mladima iproblemima sazrevanja.Uslovi æivota daju moguÊnost individualizacije u opremanju prostora i planiranju vremena.U domu su iskoriπÊeni postojeÊi skromni uslovi za posebne aktivnosti mladih, prema njihoviminteresovanjima (umetniËka "radionica", frizerski salon, krojaËka radionica, kompjuterska radionica).

Dom je namenjen deci srednjoπkolskog uzrasta i studentima. Trenutno u njemu boravipetoro dece uzrasta od 14 do 18 godina, dok su svi ostali, 25, stariji od 18 godina iuglavnom, studiraju ili rade. U ovom domu nema dece sa posebnim potrebama. Pokvalitetu æivotnog standarda ovaj dom spada u red najboljih ustanova socijalne zaπtiteu Srbiji.



Prioriteti:

) Dom za srednjoπkolsku i studentsku omladinu,ZveËanska 52ZveËanska ulica 52, 11000 Beograd • telefon: 011-648-365

U pripremi za samostalan æivot u otvorenoj socijalnoj sredini i prihvatanje odgovornosti, neguje separticipacija dece u odluËivanju kroz sastanke domske zajednice. Planira se da se u okviru domskezajednice, organizuju predavanja i tribine prema interesovanju dece.

U domu ne postoji posebno izdvojena prostorija za ambulantu te je jedan od osnovnih prioriteta oveustanove opremanje mini-ambulante u domu.Poπto su u domu smeπtena starija deca, srednjoπkolskog i studentskog uzrasta, vaæno je da se intenzivirazdravstveno vaspitanje usmereno na pitanja bolesti zavisnosti, side i sliËno.Apoteka je skromno snabdevena.

Miπljenje zaposlenih Rezultati opravdavaju postojanje ustanove

Poπto je organizacija koja se sprovodi u ovom domu novijeg datuma, a pokazala je do sada dobre rezulate,opπti zakljuËak je da postoji potreba za postojanjem jedne takve ustanove u sistemu socijalne zaπtite.


Prioriteti:

Prioriteti:• angaæovanje psihologa radi individualnog rada sa mladima naproblemima sazrevanja;• organizovanje tribina i predavanja prema interesovanju πtiÊenika;• neophodna su tri vaspitaËa da bi se mogli realno ostvarivati sviposlovi, vaspitni rad, liËni kontakti i tehniËki poslovi;• medicinska sestra;• domar-loæaË-vozaË:

• medicinska oprema: sterilizator, stetoskop, meraË pritiska, vaga zamerenje visine i teæine;• namirnice: sveæe meso, voÊe, povrÊe, jogurt, mleko, riba;• oprema u kuhinji: maπina za pranje sua, veÊi mikser, friæider, sitnoposue;• odeÊa i obuÊa: posteljina i papuËe;• ostala neophodna oprema: oprema za ureenje igraliπta, satelitskaantena, izgradnja jednokrilnih ormara.

Domovi za decu ometenu u mentalnom razvoju

Domovi za decu ometenu u mentalnom razvoju

Mreæom ustanova socijalne zaπtite kao ustanove za smeπtaj dece i omladine ometene u mentalnom razvojuodreeni su domovi u Veterniku (Novi Sad), SremËici i u Zemunu (Stacionar za autizam).

Meutim, sticajem razliËitih okolnosti (preoptereÊenost brojem korisnika u postojeÊim ustanovama,zateËeno stanje, tretiranje teæe i teπko ometenih lica kao dece zbog Ëega oni ostaju u ustanovi i nakonpunoletstva, mali kapacitet u ustanovama za smeπtaj odraslih) veliki broj dece se nalazi i u dvemaustanovama za smeπtaj odraslih lica ometenih u razvoju - domu u Stamnici i domu u Kulini.

Zakonom o socijalnoj zaπtiti i obezbeivanju socijalne sigurnosti graana, deci i omladini ometenoj umentalnom razvoju, kao jedno od prava, priznato je i pravo na smeπtaj u ustanovu socijalne zaπtite. Ovopravo mogu da ostvare deca koja su teπko, teæe i umereno ometena u mentalnom razvoju, sa ili bez drugihfiziËkih, zdravstvenih ili Ëulnih nedostataka, pod uslovom da im prirodna porodica ne moæe pruæitiadekvatnu negu.

Za ostvarenje ovog prava je neophodno da nadleæna komisija za razvrstavanje dece ometene u psihofiziËkomrazvoju utvrdi stepen ometenosti, odnosno proseËne sposobnosti, te da da predlog za dalji tretman(ispunjavanje ostalih uslova u nadleænosti je organa starateljstva, tj. nadleænog Centra za socijalni rad).

U ustanovama za smeπtaj dece ometene u razvoju, deci se obezbeuju osnovne potrebe (smeπtaj, ishrana,odeÊa, obuÊa), zdravstvena zaπtita, rehabilitacija, vaspitanje i obrazovanje, radna terapija premaproseËnim sposobnostima i razliËite druge aktivnosti koje su u funkciji njihovog razvoja.Pored teπkog materijalnog poloæaja, karakteristiËnog za sve ustanove, ove ustanove su u teæem poloæajuod ostalih, zbog niza specifiËnosti. Ovoga puta, naveπÊemo samo neke od najËeπÊih okolnosti kojeoteæavaju njihov poloæaj:

• sve ustanove imaju veliki broj korisnika (izuzev Stacionara za autizam), koji se kreÊe od 316 u SremËicido 600 u Veterniku (Stamnica - 429, Kuline - 500),• u ovim ustanovama veliki broj korisnika ima viπestruka oπteÊenja i zahteva posebnu zdravstvenu negui terapiju (npr. u Veterniku je u pitanju oko 400 korisnika, πto Ëini dve treÊine ukupnog broja),• heterogenost korisnika u odnosu na uzrast (od 6 do 40-45 godina), na stepen ometenosti (od lake doteπke ometenosti), stepen pokretljivosti (pokretni, polupokretni, nepokretni),• udaljenost ustanova od urbanih naselja πto onemoguÊava adekvatnu brigu o deci, suæava moguÊnostizbora radnika i sl.• neobuËenost pojedinih profila zaposlenih radnika zaduæenih za pruæanje nege i zaπtite deci i nedostatakpojedinih profila radnika (posebno negovateljica),• veliki broj korisnika ostaje u ustanovama do kraja æivota,• u Srbiji, i pored dosta dobro razvijene mreæe hraniteljstva, retko koje dete ometeno u razvoju se nalazina porodiËnom smeπtaju, pa Ëak i u srodniËkoj porodici.

Napomena:1) Sedamdeset odsto korisnika ove ustanove starije je od 18 godina.2) Svi korisnici su oboleli od autizma (24 ima viπestruke poremeÊaje, a u dnevnom boravku je i dvoje slepe dece).3) Svi korisnici su autistiËni.4) 67 dece je u trenutku ankete bilo nerazvrstano po kategorijama mentalne ometenosti.5) U domu pri manastiru smeπtene su samo æene i devojËice 6 do 60 godina.6) Svi korisnici su oboleli od autizma.

ZBIRNA TABELA 2Domovi za decu ometenu u razvoju u Srbiji

Kompleks doma za decu ometenu u razvoju u Veterniku sadræi pet objekata za smeπtaj πtiÊenika i prateÊeobjekte: kotlarnicu, pekaru, gasnu stanicu, farmu, veπernicu, radionice i magacin.Na objektu A, u kome je i uprava, u toku je parcijalna zamena krovnog pokrivaËa. Potrebno je uraditi ipopravku na fasadi.Objekat B je u rekonstrukciji. Potrebno je obezbediti dovrπetak radova i enterijersko opremanje prostora.U okviru ovog objekta nalazi se i sala za rekreaciju koju je neophodno opremiti odgovarajuÊim sadræajem. Objekat C je u zavrπnoj fazi adaptacije, potrebna je kompletna oprema.Na objektima A1 i A2 potrebno je zameniti postojeÊe podno grejanje (koje ne funkcioniπe od vremena kadaje graen objekat) radijatorskim sistemom. DelimiËno su obezbeena grejna tela. Sanacija podova kao ikompletna adaptacija s opremanjem prostora je neophodna nakon zavrπetka radova na grejanju.Potrebna je popravka i bojenje fasada na svim objektima, kao i popravka ili postavljanje novih oluka.Farmu treba izmestiti na veÊ odreenu i pripremljenu lokaciju, gde treba izgraditi malu stoËnu farmu.Prostor postojeÊe farme treba adaptirati za magacine.

Dom za decu ometenu u razvoju, VeternikKninska 157, 21203 Veternik • telefon: 021-821-034 • faks: 021-823-518

• dovrπetak radova na objektu B;• nabavka nameπtaja za paviljone;• izgradnja male stoËne farme.

Dom za decu i omladinu ometenu u mentalnom razvoju u Veterniku je sagraen 1969. godine. Domzauzima prostor od 1O hektara, deca su na smeπtaju u 5 posebnih objekata, a pored toga, u kompleksuima viπe objekata za rad sluæbi opπtih i tehniËkih poslova i objekata male ekonomije.U dom u Veterniku se smeπtaju deca i omladina, najniæeg uzrasta od 3 godine, umereno, teπko ili teæeometena u mentalnom razvoju, a koja mogu imati i druge smetnje. Mada je dom namenjen smeπtaju decei omladine, zbog nedostatka mesta u domovima za odrasle, boravak preraslih se produæava i sada je 233smeπtenih starije od 25 godina. Osim toga, umereno i teæe retardirani, koji su pokretni i socijalizovani,teπko podnose promenu sredine te se njihov boravak produæava u cilju psiholoπke zaπtite.Od ukupnog broja smeπtenih, 188 su umerenog stepena mentalne ometenosti, 193 su teæe, a 201 teπkoometeni. Oko 2/3 korisnika su pod stalnom zdravstvenom negom i terapijom. Ovaj podatak govori opotrebi postojanja intenzivne zdravstvene i fiziËke nege i objaπnjava Ëinjenicu da je viπe od polovinezaposlenih angaæovano na ovim poslovima.Za poslove socijalnog i vaspitno-obrazovnog rada i radnog obuËavanja, ustanovi je priznato 39 radnih mesta.Vaspitno-obrazovni rad sprovodi sluæba za rehabilitaciju po Programu vaspitno-obrazovnog rada zaumereno mentalno ometene osobe Prosvetno-pedagoπkog zavoda SAP Vojvodine iz 1989. godine i

Dom za decu ometenu u razvoju u Veterniku ima kapacitet od 590 mesta koji je gotovouvek popunjen. Trenutno u ovoj ustanovi æivi 587 πtiÊenika koji su, uglavnom, starijiod 18 godina. Zbog nereπenog problema smeπtaja odraslih lica sa posebnimpotrebama, u ovom domu æivi zajedno nekoliko stotina dece i odraslih. Dece mlae od7 godina ima 15, mlae od 14 - 114, a dece od 15 do 24 godine - 225.Kada je reË o stepenu mentalne ometenost, u domu u Veterniku æivi: 201 teπkomentalno ometene, 103 teæe mentalno ometene, 188 umereno i 5 lako mentalnoometene dece.



Prioriteti:

1

Programa za umereno i teæe retardirane osobe istog Zavoda iz 1978. godine. Programi obuhvatajudefektoloπki rad na razvoju samoposluæivanja, socijalizacije, komunikacije, psihomotorike i pobuivanjuinteresovanja za muziËku i likovnu umetnost. Sadræaji i obim rada zavise od stepena i vrste oËuvanihkapaciteta.Radno osposobljavanje se odvija u 8 proizvodnih radionica i na jednostavnim fiziËkim poslovima u domu,dvoriπtu i ekonomiji.Za radno osposobljavanje i radno angaæovanje nedostaje nekih materijala, maπina i alata.Ustanova je nastavna baza za viπe πkola i fakulteta.Dom ima razvijenu delatnost dnevnog boravka u Novom Sadu za decu i omladinu ometenu u mentalnomrazvoju stepena umerene i teæe ometenosti koja æive kod roditelja.

Zdravstvenu zaπtitu sprovode tri zaposlena lekara, 24 medicinske sestre i jedan stomatolog. Brojzaposlenih medicinskih sestara je manji nego πto normativi predviaju tako da je prioritet zapoπljavanjebar joπ 11 medicinskih sestara.Zdravstvena zaπtita korisnika spada u red osnovnih aktivnosti koje se sprovode u domu. Najozbiljnijiproblemi su nedostatak srednjeg medicinskog kadra i nedovoljna opremljenost doma medicinskomopremom. Zaposleni smatraju da je domu neophodna opremljena ginekoloπka ordinacija.Hrana se iz centralne kuhinje distribuira u sve objekte doma. Namirnice se obezbeuju kroz donacijehumanitarnih organizacija, ali i sa domske ekonomije.OdeÊa i obuÊa su, takoe, redovne stavke humanitarnih poπiljki, ali u red stalno deficitarne robe spadaju:donji veπ, Ëarape, posteljina, presvlake za duπeke i duπeci za krevete.

Miπljenje zaposlenih Kategorizacija ustanova po vrsti oπteÊenja

Ustanova je, prema miπljenju zaposlenih, mamutska po svojoj organizaciji, πto zbog prostora πto zbogvrsta oπteÊenja koje imaju πtiÊenici. Zaposleni smatraju da je prioritet institucionalne zaπtite -kategorizacija ustanova po vrstama oπteÊenja lica, a ne prema njihovom uzrastu, jer πtiÊenici nepovoljnoreaguju premeπtanje u drugu ustanovu i teπko se adaptiraju na nove uslove. U domu planiraju akcije humanizacije prostora tako πto bi grupe korisnika razdvajali po manjim stambenimjedinicama.


Prioriteti:

Prioriteti:• oligofrenolozi (da se uspostavi saradnja sa Defektoloπkim fakultetomjer je ovo deficitaran kadar);• logoped;• profesor fiziËkog vaspitanja i fizioterapeut;• noÊni Ëuvar i portiri (zbog prostora) joπ po 1, ukupno 6;• psiholog.

• oprema u kuhinji: meπalica za testo za 20 kg, plinski kazan, maπinaza seËenje hleba, kiper tiganj, kolica za prevoz hrane;• ostala neophodna oprema: skaj duπeci, klima ureaj u veπeraju, heftmaπine za kartonaæu, πivaÊe maπine (10), nameπtaj za paviljone, TVaparati (10), alat za radnike na odræavanju objekta, opremanje sprata uC paviljonu, opremanje logopedskog, psiholoπkog, muziËkog i artkabineta.

• KulinaCeo kompleks ovog doma, osim jednog objekta graenog 1980. godine, nije namenski graen. VeÊinaobjekata je graena tridesetih godina i u loπem su stanju. U poslednjih deset godina objekti su mahompropadali usled neodræavanja. Potrebna je rekonstrukcija objekata prema prioritetima i zamena oluka.

• Manastir Svete Petke, IzvorObjekat se nalazi u porti manastira Svete Petke. Opπte stanje objekta je na vrlo visokom nivou.Rekonstruisan je uz pomoÊ donacija 2000. godine i vrlo dobro odræavan. Svi prateÊi objekti - perionica,magacin i mlin - takoe su u dobrom stanju.

• vodovod;• kanalizacioni sistem;• spoljna rasveta.

Dom u Kulini je ustanova socijalne zaπtite za smeπtaj odraslih lica teπko i teæe ometenih u mentalnomrazvoju i lica sa kombinovanim smetnjama. Kapacitet doma je 550 , na smeπtaju je viπe godina oko 500korisnika zbog oπteÊenih objekata za smeπtaj.Meu smeπtenim korisnicima je konstantno oko 110 do 120 dece uzrasta od 6 meseci do 6 godina i do200 uzrasta 6 do 15 godina. Starijih od 25 godina je proseËno 25%. To je ustanova socijalne zaπtite zasmeπtaj ometenih u razvoju sa najveÊim brojem i najveÊim procentom dece.Deca mlaa od 6 godina dolaze na smeπtaj direktno iz porodiliπta i premeπtanjem iz Stacionara za decubez roditeljskog staranja iz Beograda i Subotice, ako se sumnja da su teæe mentalno oπteÊena. Ustanova zadnjih godina ima velikih teπkoÊa u funkcionisanju zbog oπteÊenja tehniËkih instalacija,nedostatka vode i teπkoÊa u saobraÊaju jer je daleko od naseljenih mesta u kojima stanuju zaposleni. Zbogtoga je oteæano popunjavanje svih radnih mesta struËnih radnika, posebno lekara i defektologa, a to jejedan od glavnih razloga zamora i nezadovoljstva zaposlenih.Deci na smeπtaju se pruæaju usluge socijalne zaπtite, obezbeenje egzistencijalnih potreba, a najznaËajnijaje fiziËka nega i zdravstvena zaπtita. Zdravstvenu zaπtitu sprovode 3 lekara, 28 medicinskih sestara,fizioterapeut i 102 negovateljice. Na poslovima socijalne zaπtite je zaposlen jedan socijalni radnik, a naposlovima vaspitanja i obrazovanja uËitelj razredne nastave umesto defektologa. Nedostatakprofesionalnog defektologa oteæava adekvatnu organizaciju i sprovoenje tretmana iz oblastisocijalizacije, komunikacije, uËenja sticanja higijenskih navika, obuke za samoposluæivanje i ukupnogpodsticaja razvoja dece. Najbolje stanje je na odeljenju za decu do 6 godina na kome negu vrπe medicinskesestre sa elementima znanja o razvoju dece i vaænosti kontakta i paænje koju najmlai uzrast pobuujeprirodno.Poslednjih meseci pomoÊ u podsticanju razvoja dece pruæaju nevladine i humanitarne organizacije.

Dom za decu ometenu u razvoju u Kulini smeπten je u priliËno nepristupaËnom predelu upodnoæju planine Mali Jastrebac, udaljen nekoliko kilometara od glavnog puta. U njemu æivi593 πtiÊenika, razliËite dobi, i uglavnom su teπko i teæe mentalno ometeni u razvoju (337 jeteπko, 170 teæe, 17 umereno, a 2 lako mentalno ometeni u razvoju). Polovina od ukupnog brojadece je nepokretna.U ovom domu su, prema procenama mnogih ekipa koje su bile u obilasku, zateËeninajnepovoljniji uslovi za æivot πtiÊenika. Dom Ëine, praktiËno, dve organizacione jedinice - dom u Kulinama i dom za æensku decu primanastiru Svete Petke.



Prioriteti:

2 Dom za decu ometenu u razvoju, KulinaKulina, 18214 Aleksinac • telefon: 018-883-835 • faks: 018-883-816

Pored navedenih kadrovskih potreba, ovom domu nedostaje i medicinska oprema. Na listi prioriteta su:reagensi, stakla, laboratorijsko posue, ultrazvuk, laser, 5 aparata za merenje pritiska, toplomeri, peani,makaze, πpatule, skalpeli, dve manje boce sa kiseonikom.

• Dom u manastiru Svete PetkeU manastiru Svete Petke u Izvoru kod ParaÊina se nalazi na smeπtaju 92 æenske dece ometene u razvoju(stepen teπke i teæe ometenosti). Sve poslove nege rade kaluerice iz manastira. Formalno je ovaj smeπtajpod upravom doma u Kulini jer kaluerice ne æele poslove koji zahtevaju kontakte sa javnoπÊu Deca u Izvoru su smeπtena u namenski graenom objektu, na manastirskom imanju. Sa decom su u neposrednom radu 11 kaluerica i tri medicinske sestre, u zdravstvenoj nezi pomaæe lekarzdravstvene ambulante u selu. Neuropsihijatrijsku terapiju je odredio lekar iz Kuline, ali je ta kontrolazanemarena.Kaluerice koje neguju decu, na tom radu provode godinu dana, a onda ih menja druga grupa kaluerica.

Miπljenje zaposlenih Kategorizacija ustanova po vrsti oπteÊenja

Ovakva ustanova je neophodna u sistemu socijalne zaπtite. Ovaj dom ima velikih teπkoÊa zbognepristupaËnog poloæaja, loπih instalacija, problema sa kadrovima, ali je, medijskom kampanjomprobuena paænja javnosti, uspela da privuËe veliki broj donatora. Zbog toga u ovom trenutku postojeizgledi da se uslovi za negu πtiÊenika i za rad zaposlenih bitno poboljπaju.


Prioriteti:• namirnice: pirinaË, keks, griz i voÊe;• oprema u kuhinji: kuhinjsko posue, maπina za pranje sudova;• pamuËno platno za pelene, skaj za oblaganje duπeka, frotir-prekrivaËi, krevetski Ëarπavi, patike od broja 35 do 40, donji veπ,potkoπulje za odrasle, duπeci - veÊi i manji;• ostala neophodna oprema: maπina za pranje veπa, maπina zapeglanje, maπina za ËiπÊenje poda, TV aparati, klima ureaji,biohemijska centrifuga, kreveti, ormari za garderobu, stolovi, stolice,strunjaËe, raËunar i πtampaË.

Prioriteti:• dva lekara;• dva defektologa;• psiholog;• 10 medicinskih sestara;• 3 fizioterapeuta;• 20 negovateljica;• logoped;• elektriËar, dva pomoÊna radnika u kuhinji;• konsultanti: pedijatar, stomatolog, fiziolog, epidemiolog, dermatolog;• edukacija za: medicinske sestre o novinama u struci, kao i o radu sateæe mentalno ometenim πtiÊenicima.

• smatra se da bi za funkcionisanje doma od velike koristi biloodvajanje od doma u Kulinama, u organizacionom smislu.

Prioriteti:

U sastavu ovog kompleksa nalazi se sedam objekata:1) portirnica - stambena zgrada P+12) uprava i ambulanta - prizemni objekat3) muπki paviljon - P+24) æenski paviljon - P+15) deËji paviljon - P+16) kuhinjski blok sa trpezarijom i perionicom, magacinskim prostorom i kotlarnicom - podrum + prizemlje7) dnevni boravak u kojem su radionice, uËionice i fiskulturna sala - prizemlje.

Ceo kompleks je graen 1986. godine sa ravnim krovovima. U dnu parcele od 17 hektara, na kome jesmeπten dom, nalaze se farma i voÊnjak.Staze i hortikulturno ureenje oko objekta za stanovanje su dobro odræavane dok otvoreni tereni zakoπarku i odbojku, kao i igraliπte u okviru tog dela dvoriπta, treba opremiti, poπto je postojeÊa opremauniπtena ili uopπte ne postoji.Muπki paviljon je, uz pomoÊ donacija, potpuno adaptiran. Dograen je drugi sprat i krovna konstrukcija.Spolja i unutra potpuno je renoviran, ukljuËujuÊi enterijersku opremu koja je nova.Ista takva adaptacija sa nadgradnjom predviena je za æenski i deËji paviljon koji su u jako loπem stanju.Za kompletnu graevinsku i enterijersku adaptaciju su i ostala tri objekta (sem objekta u kome je smeπtenaportirnica i stan za portira).

• kompletna adaptacija, graevinska i enterijerska, tri objekta koji dosada nisu renovirani;• ureenje otvorenih terena.

Dom je namenjen za zbrinjavanje, zdravstvenu negu, vaspitanje i obrazovanje, radnu obuku i radnuterapiju dece i omladine ometene u mentalnom razvoju umerenog i teæeg stepena. Kapacitet doma je 320,sada je na smeπtaju 316 dece.Meu smeπtenom decom ima 47 lako ometenih koja su u ovaj dom premeπtena iz Stacionara za decu nauzrastu pre postupka razvrstavanja. Ova deca treba da su u domu za decu bez roditeljskog staranja.Sadaπnja sredina postavlja ograniËenja za njihov razvoj. Pritom, Ëinjenica je da u domovima za decu bezroditeljskog staranja ima praznih kapaciteta, a da su ustanove za decu usporenog mentalnog razvojapreoptereÊene.Poπto je dom koncipiran kao dom za decu ometenu u razvoju bez dodatnih zdravstvenih i fiziËkih smetnji,koja se mogu obrazovati i obuËavati za jednostavne poslove prema svojim sposobnostima, u vaspitno-obrazovnom radu je angaæovano 23 defektologa, psiholog, socijalni radnik i 9 radnih instruktora.Organizacija æivota dece i vaspitno-obrazovni rad se ostvaruju u vaspitnim grupama. Sva novoprimljenadeca prolaze kroz opservacionu grupu (3-6 meseci), za koje vreme se procenjuju njihove sposobnosti,interesovanja, osobine, u cilju rasporeivanja u grupu najpovoljniju za dete. Za decu do 15 godina, grupesu ujednaËene po uzrastu i stepenu ometenosti, za starije i po polu. Za starije od 15 godina, prema teæini

U domu u SremËici smeπteno je 316 dece, a utvreni kapacitet ove ustanove je 320 mesta. Domobezbeuje smeπtaj za decu sa posebnim potrebama i to uglavnom, umereno i lako mentalnoometenu. NajveÊi broj korisnika je stariji od 18 godina (163), dok dece mlae od 7 godina ima15, dece mlae od 14 ima 70, a dece uzrasta od 14 do 18 godina ima 68.U grupi umereno mentalno zaostale dece je 243 πtiÊenika, teæe mentalno ometenih ima 16, alako - 24.©tiÊenici uglavnom nemaju kontakta sa rodbinom: jedna treÊina dece ne odræava nikakvekontakte, druga treÊina to Ëini retko, a treÊa povremeno ima posete roditelja ili srodnika.



Prioriteti:

3 Dom za decu ometenu u razvoju, SremËicaIX nova 1, 11250 SremËica • telefon: 011-801-30-93 • faks: 011-801-33-60

stepena ometenosti, oformljene su tzv. "negovateljske" grupe, kod kojih je negovateljska zaπtita primarna,i grupe za radnu terapiju, obuku i radno angaæovanje.Za vaspitno-obrazovni rad ne postoji propisan program rada. Defektolozi, u saradnji sa Ëlanovima struËnogtima i lekarom, planiraju rad sa grupom i indivudualni plan rada sa pojedinim detetom. Pri tome sepridræavaju osnovnih pravaca defektoloπkog tretmana: socijalizacija, komunikacija, samoposluæivanje,fiziËke aktivnosti, odnosno radna terapija. Ovde treba istaÊi potrebu za profesorom fiskulture ilidefektologom koji bi se bavio fiziËkim aktivnostima dece.U interesu smeπtene dece i u cilju πto boljeg i potpunijeg zadovoljavanja njihovih potreba, zaposlenima naposlovima vaspitno-obrazovnog rada je potrebna pomoÊ u prevazilaæenju krize zamora poslom i podizanjumotivacije za rad.Ova ustanova ima veoma dobro organizovane proizvodne radionice, πtampariju, ekonomiju, a to su osnoveza radnu obuku dece. Iz tog razloga, dom je usmeren na prijem dece koja mogu da se radno obuËavaju,umereno retardirane i decu sa gornje granice teæe ometenosti.Ustanova, zbog efikasnosti rada na zaπtiti dece, ne namerava da proπiruje kapacitet.

U domu postoji potpuno organizovana zdravstvena zaπtita πtiÊenika. Zaposleno je tri lekara i petnaestmedicinskih sestara πto je dovoljno za potpuno funkcionisanje zdravstvene sluæbe.

Pored humanitarne pomoÊi, domska ekonomija je znaËajan izvor snabdevanja namirnicama poπto senajveÊi deo sveæih namirnica (mesa, voÊa, povrÊa) moæe obezbediti na taj naËin.

Miπljenje zaposlenih

Dom ima moguÊnosti da delatnost proπiri i organizovanjem dnevnog boravka za decu iz svoje opπtine, auz prijem odgovarajuÊih struËnih radnika, da organizuje grupu za smeπtaj umereno retradirane dece, saproblemima poremeÊaja ponaπanja i psihokinetiËkim poremeÊajem.Postoji moguÊnost da se na terenu koji ovoj ustanovi pripada, izgradi drugi dom za potrebe socijalnezaπtite.Jedna od ideja zaposlenih u ovom domu je izgradnja tzv. "πvedskog sela", kuÊica za parove koji bi u njimasamostalno æiveli pod nadzorom vaspitaËa iz doma.


Prioriteti:

Prioriteti:• vaspitaË - defektolog za fiziËko vaspitanje ili fiskulturnik;• vaspitaË za terapiju muzikom;• logoped;• spremaËica;• veπerke;• muπki negovatelji;• negovatelji za deËje odeljenje;• medicinska sestra (nutricionista).

Potrebe za edukacijom zaposlenih:• neposredna opservacija i neposredno upoznavanje rada u ovakvimustanovama u zemljama zapadne Evrope i razmena iskustava;• seminari iz sistema "PomoÊ pomagaËima" o relaksaciji na poslu inaËinima podizanja motivacije za rad, zbog preoptereÊenja radom;• posete drugim domovima, razmena iskustava;• interni program edukacije za zaposlene, posebno za tehniËko osobljei negovatelje o problemima mentalno ometenih.

• medicinska oprema: dva sterilizatora, EKG aparat, EEG aparat,ulrazvuk, rendgen za stomatoloπku ordinaciju, opremanje mini -laboratorije za testove na hepatitis i sidu;• jedno sanitetsko vozilo;• lekovi: antiepiletpici, antipsihotici;• obnova garderobe i obuÊe.

Kompleks doma u Stamnici sadræi centralni objekat (A) graen 1985. godine i petnaest prizemnih objekata,graenih 1950. godine. To su stare rudarske kuÊe u potpunosti neadekvatne nameni kojoj sluæe te su ipredviene za ruπenje u sledeÊim fazama izgradnje kompleksa.Centralni objekat je u dobrom stanju i sastoji se iz tehniËkog bloka i stacionara sa atomskim skloniπtem.Prema postojeÊem projektu, predviena je i izgradnja dve lamele (P+3) koje bi sa centralnim objektomËinile jednu celinu.Na mestima predvienih nastavaka gradnje lamela postavljena je neadekvatna izolacija. S obzirom na toda je napuπtena koncepcija izgradnje lamela, potrebno je adekvatno izolovati postojeÊa mesta.Ravan krov izmeu centralnog i tehniËkog bloka prokiπnjava i treba ga sanirati (100 kvm).Liftovi u stacionaru su neispravni i neophodno ih je popraviti.Problem snabdevanja vodom Ëitavog kompleksa je neophodno reπiti novim nalaziπtima vode (u toku suispitivanja terena).Kotlarnica, veπeraj i magacini su, kao posebni objekti, u loπem stanju, tako da su potrebne parcijalnepopravke.

• reπavanja problema snabdevanja vodom;• sanacija ravnog krova;• parcijalne popravke kotlarnice, veπeraja i magacina;• izolacija.

U Zavodu u Stamnici smeπtena su deca, omladina i odrasli teæe i teπko ometeni u mentalnom razvoju kaoi πtiÊenici sa kombinovanim smetnjama. Zavod je formiran kao ustanova za smeπtaj dece 1964. godine. Umreæi ustanova socijalne zaπtite iz 1991. godine je odreen kao dom za odrasla lica teπko ometena umentalnom razvoju a zapravo je zauvek ostao zavod za smeπtaj mentalno ometene dece. Takva odluka iz1991. je uticala na normiranje kadrova zaposlenih u ovoj ustanovi.Ustanova ima kapacitet 450, a sada je na smeπtaju 429 korisnika, od toga 166 dece uzrasta od 6 do 24godine. Sva deca su smeπtena na osnovu nalaza komisija za razvrstavanje dece i omladine ometene urazvoju, a meu starijim korisnicima ima onih koji su smeπteni na osnovu nalaza zdravstvene invalidskekomisije. Na smeπtaju je 7 lica sa autistiËnim poremeÊajem za koje je teæe obezbediti zaπtitu od agresivnosti iautoagresivnosti kada su u zatvorenom prostoru (kada su napolju nema napada uznemirenosti idestruktivnosti). Meu smeπtenim korisnicima se nalazi i Ëetrdesetak korisnika umerene ometenosti,veÊinom zbog dodatnih zdravstvenih i fiziËkih smetnji. U toku je priprema za premeπtaj mlaih pokretnihlica umerene mentalne ometenosti, kod kojih je okonËan proces oporavka i koji imaju neku radnu obuku.Deci i odraslima na smeπtaju se pruæaju usluge socijalne zaπtite, higijenske i zdravstvene nege i leËenja,vaspitno-obrazovnog rada, radne i okupacione terapije i rekreativnih aktivnosti.Dom je smeπten na 10 hektara ureene zelene povrπine. Smeπtajni objekti su razueni po tom prostoru,sastoje se od novog centralnog objekta u kome su uprava, administrativna sluæba i sediπte zdravstvene isocijalno-zaπtitne sluæbe. U centralnoj zgradi je odeljenje za negu nepokretne dece. Ostala deca i odrasli

U domu za ometenu decu i omladinu u Stamnici smeπteno je 429 πtiÊenika, mahomstarijih od 18 godina. Kapacitet ovog doma je 450 mesta. πtiÊenici su smeπteni popaviljonima, koji su, zapravo, stare rudarske kuÊice, graene u prvoj polovini XX veka.Uslovi u kojima æive πtiÊenici su izuzetno nepovoljni.U ovom domu su smeπtena lica koja su teæe, teπko ili umereno ometena u razvoju.Nepokretnih πtiÊenika ima 39.



Prioriteti:

4 Specijalni zavod za decu i omladinu"Dr Nikola ©umenkoviÊ", Stamnicaselo Stamnica, 12300 Petrovac na Mlavi • telefon: 012-348-042 • faks: 012-348-113

su smeπteni u 14 kuÊica-paviljona. U toku je izrada projekta za novu zgradu za smeπtaj 80 dece sredstvimaCrvenog krsta Francuske.Deca na smeπtaju zahtevaju prvenstveno fiziËku i zdravstvenu negu i leËenje i na tom poslu je angaæovanlekar, 25 medicinskih sestara, laborant i 80 negovateljica. U ustanovi nema fizioterapeuta πto jeneophodno za tretman fizikalnih smetnji i prevenciju sekundarnih oπteÊenja.Na poslovima socijalne zaπtite i vaspitno-obrazovnog rada su zaposleni jedan socijalni radnik i jedandefektolog. Jedan defektolog ne moæe uspeπno da organizuje, sprovodi i kontroliπe rad na podsticanjurazvoja, socijalizaciji, komunikaciji, treningu samopomoÊi i fiziËkih aktivnosti tolikog broja dece i odraslih.Neposredno u radu sa decom su medicinske sestre i negovateljice koje dobijaju u ustanovi od defektologaosnovna uputstva o podsticaju razvoja i senzibilizaciji najteæe ometenih. Sa teæe ometenim radi defektologu saradnji sa medicinskim sestrama i negovateljicama osnovni trening higijene i samoposluæivanja, krozigru podsticanje komunikacije i socijalizacije. Svi pokretni stariji i odrasli korisnici su angaæovani naredovnim poslovima u domu i ekonomiji, izmeu ostalog, na poslovima Ëuvanja i pomoÊi u nezinepokretnih. Ustanova pridaje veliku vaænost oËuvanju kontakta dece sa roditeljima i porodicama i obezbeujepogodnosti roditeljima - prevoæenje od Petrovca do doma, obezbeenje noÊenja i dr.

KljuËni problem ovog objekta koji se odraæava na zdravstvenu zaπtitu korisnika je problem nedostatkahigijenski ispravne vode za piÊe. Zbog toga je, tokom nekoliko meseci 2000. godine, u ovom domu vladalaepidemija hepatitisa. Zaposleni istiËu i problem medicinskog tretmana i leËenja hroniËnih bolesnika(celiakia, epilepsija, TBC).U ustanovi postoji organizovana zdravstvena sluæba koju Ëini jedan lekar, 20 medicinskih sestara i jedanlaborant. Angaæovani su, takoe, i lekari specijalisti koji rade sa smanjenim radnim vremenom.Hrana za korisnike se obezbeuje putem redovnih donacija meunarodnih humanitarnih organizacija.


Ustanova treba da zadræi isti profil, dakle, da ostane dom za decu teπko i teæe ometenu u razvoju. Zakvalitetnije funkcionisanje neophodno je zavrπiti gradnju zapoËetog objekta kako bi se korisnici izmestiliiz neuslovnih kuÊica.


Prioriteti:

Prioriteti:• 1 socijalni radnik;• 3 defektologa (kako bi se pokrile dve smene);• lekar;• dva fizioterapeuta;• moler, zidar, stolar.

Potrebe za edukacijom zaposlenih:• seminari za sve zaposlene o problemima razvoja dece ometene urazvoju i rada na podsticanju njihovog razvoja.

• obnoviti opremu u laboratoriji (hematoloπki brojaË, reagensi,epruvete, pipete);• rekonstruisati izolacioni paviljon;• opremiti RTG kabinet;• sanitetski materijal i oprema: komplet za male hirurπke intervencije,sredstva za antitetanus, tuberkulostatici, doboπi za podelu terapije ikolica, ginekoloπke spirale, trajni kateteri, rukavice, maske, stetoskopi,meraË krvnog pritiska, πpric za ispiranje uπiju, bubreænjak;• namirnice: med, sveæ kvasac, voÊe;• obuÊa: gumene papuËe, patike, gumeni opanci, obnova garderobegotovo svih korisnika;• ostala neophodna oprema u domu: televizori, radio-aparati, kreveti,bojleri, agregat od 125 kW, valjak za peglanje, kamera, razglasniureaj.

Internat je smeπten u potkrovlju objekta (P+2) izgraenog 1988. godine. Generalno, ceo objekat je usolidnom stanju. U potkrovlju postoji problem sa grejanjem prostora, jer postojeÊi radijatori nisu dovoljni. Stoga je jedan odprioriteta reπavanje problema dogrevanja. Pored toga, postojeÊi drveni spoljni prozori, delom propali, dodatno poveÊavaju problem zagrevanjaprostorija. Potrebno ih je popraviti ili zameniti.Neophodno je uraditi hidroizolaciju kupatila i izvrπiti sitne popravke (baterije, ventilatori, na nekimmestima i kade).Za trpezariju i kuhinju, koje se nalaze u prizemlju, potrebna je ozbiljnija adaptacija. Oprema trpezarije jepotpuno dotrajala, naroËito stolovi, te je potrebna zamena.Kuhinju, koja, inaËe, snabdeva nekoliko domova, treba potpuno adaptirati i opremiti. Domu nedostaje magacinski prostor.

• reπavanje problema dogrevanja prostora;• zamena spoljnih prozora;• hidroizolacija kupatila;• adaptacija kuhinje i trpezarije.

U Internatu za decu i omladinu oπteÊenog sluha smeπteno je 106 dece, a kapacitetustanove je za 4 mesta veÊi (110). Smatra se da ovaj projektovani kapacitet nijedovoljan i da ga je potrebno proπiriti. Sva smeπtena deca su na redovnom specijalnomπkolovanju.


Prioriteti:

Centar za smeπtaj i dnevni boravak decei omladine ometene u razvoju5

a)

Centar za smeπtaj i dnevni boravak dece i omladine ometene u mentalnom razvoju u Beogradu je sloæenaustanova po organizaciji rada (dve stacionarne organizacione jedinice i pet dnevnih boravaka), po tome koje osnivaË (grad, Republika), po izvorima prihoda (republiËki i gradski budæet i republiËki fondzdravstvenog osiguranja) i po smetnjama u razvoju dece koja su na smeπtaju (deca oπteÊenog sluha, decaometena u mentalnom razvoju i deca sa autizmom). Objekti su na razliËitim lokacijama.Stacionarne ustanove su: Internat za decu i omladinu oπteÊenog sluha sa dnevnim boravkom i Stacionar zadecu i omladinu obolelu od autizma. Dnevni boravci za decu obolelu od autizma se nalaze u Beogradu,Diljska 12 i ul. Kornelija StankoviÊa br. 13, a dnevni boravci za decu i omladinu ometenu u mentalnomrazvoju su - jedan u Beogradu, ul. ©ekspirova bb , jedan u Zemunu i jedan u Obrenovcu.Ovako sloæena ustanova sa dislociranim objektima ima teπkoÊa u funkcionisanju (npr. pripremanje iraznoπenje hrane, pranje rublja, magacioniranje robe, poslovi na odræavanju objekata, prevoz dece i dr.) jersu kapaciteti nedovoljni za sadaπnje potrebe.Organizaciono, ustanova ima zajedniËku administrativnu, finansijsku i tehniËku sluæbu, direktora i struËnitim za planiranje, organizaciju u sprovoenje socijalno-zaπtitnog, vaspitno-obrazovnog i zdravstveno-higijenskog rada. Svaka organizaciona jedinica ima rukovodioca i u neposrednoj zaπtiti korisnika jesamostalna.

Internat za decu i omladinu oπteÊenog sluhaUlica Svetozara MarkoviÊa 58, 11000 Beograd • telefon: 011-683-487

U Internatu za decu i omladinu oπteÊenog sluha smeπtena su deca koja se πkoluju u specijalnoj osnovnojili srednjoj πkoli za decu oπteÊenog sluha. Kapacitet ustanove je 110 za internatski smeπtaj i 10 za dnevniboravak dece predπkolskog uzrasta sa sluπnim oπteÊenjem.Sva smeπtena deca su na redovnom πkolovanju, pa su sprovoenje vaspitnog rada i organizacija æivotadece, relativno jednostavni.Zaposleni vaspitaËi su defektolozi za rad sa osobama oπteÊenog sluha, sa viπom πkolom ili fakultetom.Vaspitno-obrazovni rad se sprovodi po Planu i programu vaspitnog rada za decu oπteÊenog sluha koji jedoneo Prosvetni savet Srbije 1978. godine i po propisima za vaspitni rad i organizaciju æivota i rada udomovima uËenika koje je donelo Ministarstvo prosvete 1997. godine.Ova ustanova po funkciji i organizaciji rada odgovara ustanovama iz sistema obrazovanja i tom sistemuustanova treba i formalno da pripada.Neophodno je dodati da su uprava, administrativna i finansijska sluæba Centra smeπteni u prostoruInternata, πto ometa red i æivot dece u Internatu. Osim toga, kapacitet kuhinje, predvien za ovaj internat,koristi se i za decu u nekim drugim objektima Centra, pa je kuhinja preoptereÊena.

Zaposleni istiËu da bi od velike pomoÊi u funkcionisanju zdravstvene zaπtite dece u domu bilo poboljπanjeveza sa zdravstvenim ustanovama, πto se zasada, uglavnom, svodi na pozivanje na liËne veze. U tomsmislu, bila bi korisna i saradnja sa stomatoloπkom sluæbom koja se dosada plaÊala.


Internat treba izdvojiti iz organizacije Centra jer on, po funkciji, pripada sistemu obrazovanja.U sluËaju izdvajanja Internata iz Centra za smeπtaj i dnevni boravak dece i omladine ometene u razvoju,treba imati u vidu da Êe za opπte sluæbe Centra biti potreban nov prostor, kao i obezbeenje ishrane zadecu u drugim organizacionim jedinicama Centra.Osim izdvajanja Internata za decu i omladinu oπteÊenog sluha kao tipiËno obrazovne institucije, uperspektivi razvoja Centra je poveÊanje ukupnog kapaciteta dnevnih boravaka, otvaranjem novih ovakvihobjekata u svim opπtinama. Pri tome, treba otvoriti moguÊnost da se u dnevnim boravcima ostvare uslovii za viπednevni boravak dece. Ovakav sistem ustanove pomaæe porodici da duæe neposredno brine odetetu koje ima smetnje u razvoju. Blizina ustanova mestu stanovanja porodice olakπava koriπÊenjeustanove, adaptaciju deteta na ustanovu i slobodnije kretanje u sredini u kojoj æivi, bolje poznavanjeprostora. Ovakav sistem zaπtite olakπava angaæovanje i veÊu zainteresovanost lokalne zajednice zakonkretnu pomoÊ ustanovi, odnosno smeπtenoj deci.


Prioriteti:

Prioriteti:• za realizaciju vaspitno-obrazovnog rada u ustanovi nedostajuspecijalna didaktiËka sredstva za decu oπteÊenog sluha i individualnisluπni aparati;• edukacija vaspitaËa i medicinskih sestara za rad sa roditeljimahendikepirane dece.

• namirnice: posebne namirnice za odreene vrste dijete, specijalnivitamini, med, meso (osim pileÊeg), bioproteinsko braπno, voÊe,povrÊe, margarin;• delimiËna obnova opreme u kuhinji;• iako odeÊu i obuÊu obezbeuju roditelji, neophodna je obnovagarderobe i sezonske obuÊe.


Objekat se nalazi u stambenoj Ëetvrti grada. Izgraen je 1996. godine i u dobrom je stanju.Prozori i πtokovi u potkrovlju su u loπem stanju te ih stoga treba popraviti ili zameniti. Enterijerska oprema je, takoe, u dobrom stanju, izuzev primedbe zaposlenih da je nameπtaj oπtrih ivica ineadekvatne visine pa ga stoga treba zameniti (a postojeÊi ustupiti drugoj ustanovi).–akuzi kadu, koja je ugraena u kupatilu pored fiskulturne sale, treba popraviti.

• zamena prozora i πtokova u potkrovlju;• zamena nekih delova enterijerske opreme;• popravka akuzi kade.

Dnevni boravak u Diljskoj ulici se nalazi u posebnoj kuÊi adaptiranoj za ovu namenu 1996. godine. Opremaprostora, kao i oprema za rad sa decom je u zadovoljavajuÊem stanju. Primetno je da zaposleni brinu ofunkcionalnom i estetskom izgledu opreme kojom rade, πto ukazuje na njihov aktivan rad, adekvatnoangaæovanje dece, dovoljan nadzor i budnost za eventualnu pojavu agresivnosti. Agresivnost nije iskljuËena i najËeπÊe je povezana sa diskontinuitetom u primeni neophodnemedikamentozne terapije.O 28 dece podeljene u 5 grupa, brine 9 defektologa i 1O medicinskih sestara. U ustanovi je predvien radprofesora fiskulture i negovatelja koji trenutno nisu zaposleni a Ëijim bi zapoπljavanjem bili stvorenioptimalni uslovi za rad sa ovom decom.Poπto su u pitanju deca sa primarno zdravstvenim problemom, ona su pod stalnom zdravstvenomkontrolom medicinskog osoblja, medicinskih sestara, a jednom nedeljno i lekara specijaliste Centra. U ovoj ustanovi se od aprila 2000. godine eksperimentalno primenjuje poseban reæim ishranebez belog pπeniËnog braπna πto je jedna od novih metoda u svetu u tretmanu autizma. Ovametoda treba da pokaæe pun rezultat posle dve godine primene, a u ustanovi opaæaju pozitivneefekte kod dece Ëiji se roditelji dræe uputstava u ishrani i kod kuÊe.

U ovom domu namenjenom dnevnom boravku autistiËne dece svakodnevno boravi po28 πtiÊenika, uzrasta od 3 do 14 godina. VeÊi broj dece (23) je uzrasta od 7 do 14godina, dok je samo petoro mlae od sedam godina.Svi korisnici su autistiËni.



Prioriteti:

b) Dnevni boravak za autistiËnu decuDiljska ulica 12, 11000 Beograd • telefon: 011-783-230

U vaspitnom i obrazovnom radu se primenjuje tzv. beogradski integrativni metod, program kojiobuhvata organizaciju æivota i defektoloπkog rada prilagoen potrebama i moguÊnostima autistiËne dece.Ovaj program podrazumeva Ëvrstu strukturu reæima dana, trening samopomoÊi, socijalizaciju u zatvorenoji otvorenoj socijalnoj sredini, logopedski tretman kroz aktivnosti i individualno, fiziËke veæbe i aktivnosti,vaspitno-obrazovni rad kroz muziËke, likovne i verbalne sadræaje i manuelizaciju i individualni rad nareedukaciji psihomotorike.

Zdravstvenu zaπtitu sprovodi 10 medicinskih sestara iz Centra uz redovno prisustvo lekara, πefazdravstvene sluæbe u Centru.


Radi odræanja nivoa rada ove ustanove, potrebno je odræavanje radnog entuzijazma zaposlenih, nivoainteresovanja za oblast, πto se moæe ostvariti organizovanjem dodatne edukacije o novinama iz nauke iprakse tretmana autizma, kroz seminare ili neki drugi oblik rada, specijalizacije, i povremene obuke osaradnji i radu sa roditeljima dece sa smetnjama u razvoju i bolesne dece.


Prioriteti:

Prioriteti:• specijalizacija na Defektoloπkom fakultetu;• dodatna edukacija za rad sa roditeljima hendikepirane dece.

• lekovi: Neuleptil kapi, Efitil, Mazepin...;• namirnice: zbog dijete koja se sprovodi u domu potrebno je voÊe -kivi, pomorandæe, mandarine, dinje, lubenice;• oprema za kuhinju: dve velike πerpe, rostfraj plehovi, πporet,zamrzivaË, multipraktik, dodatna komora za friæider od 50 l;• trenerke, patike i papuËe;• ostala neophodna oprema: gumirana gaziπta za stepenice, uniformeza osoblje i decu, oprema za fiskulturnu salu, raËunar, sistem videokamera za praÊenje dece.

Objekat doma smeπten je u rezidencijalnom delu centralne gradske Ëetvrti, u vrlo solidnoj zgradi, graenojtridesetih godina.Unutraπnjost objekta je solidna, oprema je u zadovoljavajuÊem stanju. Krovni prozori u potkrovljupropuπtaju vodu, a po ostalim prostorijama, naroËito u dnevnom boravku, ne dihtuju dobro. Treba ihpopraviti ili zameniti.Parket na spratu i po sobama je prekriven itisonom, zato πto je propao. Trebalo bi ga zameniti.U okviru zgrade, u prizemlju, postoji stan u privatnom vlasniπtvu pribliæne kvadrature oko 50 kvm i stanu dvoriπnoj kuÊi. Postoji moguÊnost nagodbe sa stanarima, tj. njihovog preseljenja u adekvatan smeπtajπto bi omoguÊilo znaËajno proπirenje doma. Dvoriπni objekat ima i moguÊnost nadogradnje.

• zamena krovnih prozora i prozora po svim prostorijama u domu;• zamena parketa.

Dnevni boravak za omladinu sa autistiËnim poremeÊajem obezbeuje dnevno zbrinjavanje, zdravstvenunegu i vaspitno-obrazovni, odnosno defektoloπki rad i radnu terapiju za mlade sa autizmom koji æive uporodici.U ovoj ustanovi je 30 mladih autistiËnih osoba, starijih od 15 godina, podeljenih u 5 vaspitnih grupa. Snjima radi 7 defektologa, 7 medicinskih sestara i profesor fiskulture. U radu se iskazuje potreba za radomfizioterapeuta, muziËkog i likovnog pedagoga sa delom radnog vrmena.U defektoloπkom vaspitno-obrazovnom radu se primenjuje program koji obuhvata stalni trening iz oblastisamousluæivanja i brige o sebi, socijalizacije na unutraπnju i spoljnu sredinu, fiziËke aktivnosti u ustanovii van ustanove, komunikacije kroz aktivnosti i individualno.Æivot u ustanovi se odvija svakodnevno u istom ritmu πto je vaæno za autistiËne osobe. U defektoloπkomradu se insistira na radnoj terapiji (rad sa vunom na razboju i ramu, manuelni rad sa glinom, izradapredmeta od pruÊa, izrada PVC kesa).

U domu za dnevni boravak dece i omladine sa poremeÊajima autizma dnevno boravipo tridesetoro πtiÊenika. ReË je o deci uzrasta od 14 do 18 godina (11) i deci starijoj od18 godina (19). Meu ovom decom je 24 πtiÊenika koji su viπestruko ometeni u razvoju,dvoje dece je slepo, petoro je teæe, a jedno umereno mentalno ometeno u razvoju.



Prioriteti:

v) Dnevni boravak za decu i omladinusa autizmomUlica Kornelija StankoviÊa 13, 11000 Beograd • telefon: 011-435-115 • faks: 011-683- 487

Zdravstveni nadzor obavlja sedam medicinskh sestara iz Centra uz redovno prisustvo lekara, πefazdravstvene sluæbe Centra. Postoji teπkoÊa za leËenje u specijalistiËkim ustanovama zbog dodatnihzdravstvenih problema, jer lekari drugih profila ne poznaju problem autizma. To je zajedniËki problem svihustanova za smeπtaj autistiËne dece.


Uslovi za rad su povoljni, radna motivacija zaposlenih je dobra i potrebno ju je odræavati, izmeu ostalog,kroz zanimljive seminare o radu sa autizmom i saradnji sa roditenjima obolele dece.


Prioriteti:

Prioriteti:• fizioterapeut;• muziËki i likovni pedagog.

Potrebe za edukacijom:• terapijske tehnike za rad sa korisnicima;• dodatna obuka za zaposlene za rad sa roditeljima.

• lekovi: Novalgetol ampule, Akineton ampule, bensedin, antihistaminici,teËni liofib, medicinski ugalj;• medicinska oprema: toplomeri, πpatule, vaga, visinometar;• namirnice: voÊe za dijetu za autistiËnu decu, margarin, sveæe povrÊe;• oprema za kuhinju: zamrzivaË (50 l), sudovi za kuhinju, pribor zajelo, πporet, maπina za pranje sudova, friæider;• trenerke, donji veπ, Ëarape, prsluci, patike, papuËe;• jedno transportno vozilo;• ostala neophodna oprema u domu: stolovi za dnevne boravke,trosedi, maπina za veπ, pomagala za fiskulturu (gladijator, strunjaËe,greda, πvedski sanduk), ogledala, garderobni ormar, zvuËnici, podneobloge za trpezariju.

Objekat dnevnog boravka za mentalno retardiranu decu i omladinu je montaæna, prizemna zgrada. Pre trigodine (1998.) je rekonstruisan krov i zgrada je okreËena.S obzirom na vrstu gradnje, kompletan objekat je u zadovoljavajuÊem stanju. Dom ima veliko dvoriπte ukojem je kruæna staza za trËanje kao i sprave (ljuljaπke, penjalice).Postoji inicijativa roditelja da se na istoj lokaciji izgradi Ëvrst objekat i oni su zainteresovani za uËeπÊe uizgradnji novog doma. Namena takvog objekta bila bi kombinovano stacionarna i delimiËno stacionarna sadnevnim boravkom.Grejanje je zasada jedini veÊi problem poπto se kotlarnica nalazi u zgradi Pedagoπke akademije, koja jepored doma. Zbog neusklaenosti radnog vremena ove dve ustanove kao i πkolskih raspusta u akademiji,vrlo Ëesto se dogaa da dom nema grejanja. Dodatna teπkoÊa je to πto u domu nema dovoljno instaliranesnage struje za dogrevanje. Reπenje bi bilo u razdvajanju grejanja u ove dve ustanove.Domu je takoe potrebna i joπ jedna telefonska linija.

• reπavanje problema grejanja poπto je sistem zajedniËki za ovaj domi susednu zgradu;• dodatna telefonska linija.

Dnevni boravak za decu i omladinu ometenu u mentalnom razvoju obezbeuje dnevni, 12-Ëasovnismeπtaj, zbrinjavanje, zdravstvenu kontrolu, vaspitno-obrazovni rad i radnu terapiju za decu i mlade sausporenim intelektualnim razvojem do stepena koji ne omoguÊava opismenjavanje i obrazovanje ni pospecijalnom programu, a koja æive u porodici sa roditeljima.U ustanovi u ©ekspirovoj ulici ima 8O dece sa kojima neposredno radi 11 defektologa-oligofrenog smera,4 medicinske sestre, profesor fiskulture, a struËni tim (lekar, defektolog, psiholog, socijalni radnik,logoped) su u neposrednom radu jednom nedeljno i prema potrebi.Broj dece u ustanovi i 12-Ëasovni boravak dece je na granici da postane optereÊujuÊi za dobru organizacijurada i efikasan rad sada zaposlenih.Za vaspitni i obrazovni rad sa decom umereno ometenom u mentalnom razvoju ne postoji propisanprogram vaspitnog rada veÊ se rad planira prema oblastima defektoloπkog rada prihvaÊenim udefektoloπkoj nauci i praksi (socijalizacija, samousluæivanje, komunikacija, veæbe psihomotorike,umetniËko i radno vaspitanje). Defektoloπki rad se odvija u grupi, postignuÊa dece se prate individualno.U radnoj terapiji se primenjuje ruËni rad (vez, πtrikanje, tkanje, tapiserija), izrada malih predmeta od koæe,pravljenje plastiËnih kesa.

U ovoj ustanovi svakodnevno boravi 75 πtiÊenika koji su, uglavnom, umereno i teæementalno ometeni u razvoju. ReË je o montaænoj, prizemnoj zgradi, ograenoj velikimdvoriπtem. NajveÊi broj korisnika je starosti izmeu 20 i 30 godina (58). KarakteristiËanproblem ovog doma je to πto su roditelji πtiÊenika mahom starije dobi, odavno supenzionisani i nisu Ëesto u stanju da se brinu o svojoj deci koja dnevno borave u domu.Meu roditeljima postoji inicijativa da se prikupe sredstva za gradnju novog, zidanogobjekta.



Prioriteti:

g) Dnevni boravak za mentalnoretardiranu decu i omladinu©ekspirova ulica bb, 11000 Beograd • telefon: 011-622-745

Za zdravstveni nadzor πtiÊenika zaduæene su Ëetiri medicinske sestre, a jednom nedeljno u ustanovu dolazilekar, πef zdravstvene sluæbe u Centru.


Za odræavanje nivoa rada u ustanovi su potrebne povremene edukacije o novostima u teoriji i praksidefektoloπkog rada i edukacije o saradnji sa roditeljima dece koja imaju smetnje u razvoju.


Prioriteti:

Prioriteti:• dva defektologa;• jedna medicinska sestra zbog osetljivosti dece i moguÊnostipovreivanja.

Potrebe za edukacijom zaposlenih:• kraÊi seminari o inovacijama u teoriji i praksi defektoloπkog rada;• medicinsko obrazovanje o glavnim zdravstvenim problemima ovepopulacije;• rad sa roditeljima hendikepirane dece za sve zaposlene.

• lekovi: antiepileptici, sedativi;• medicinska oprema: aparat za merenje pritiska, πpatule, uniforme zaosoblje;• oprema za kuhinju: πporet, maπina za pranje posua, friæider-zamrzivaË (50 l), oprema kabineta za domaÊinstvo, posue za kuhinju;• trenerke, patike;• ostala neophodna oprema u domu: pokretna traka za fiskulturnu salu,dva statiËka bicikla, maπina za presvlaËenje dugmadi.

Objekat je spolja, generalno, u dobrom stanju. Graen je πezdesetih godina, spratnosti P+1, sa kosimkrovom, pokrivenim salonitom.Zbog nedostatka sale za rehabilitaciju, predlog je da se adaptira potkrovlje, tj. dozida jedan sprat.Unutraπnjost objekta je u zadovoljavajuÊem stanju. Nedostaje soba za izolaciju dok sobu za sestru, kojapostoji, treba opremiti. U toku je popravka i zamena spoljnih prozora.©to se tiËe enterijerske opreme, ona praktiËno ne postoji, osim kreveta koji su u loπem stanju i kojimanedostaju odgovarajuÊi duπeci sa plastiËnom zaπtitom, kao i posteljina.Dnevni boravak je bez ikakve opreme tako da je neophodno opremiti ga odgovarajuÊim sadræajem.Kupatila bi trebalo kompletno adaptirati, kao i trpezariju.Dvoriπte oko objekta, koje je parkovski ureeno i ograeno, treba opremiti za rekreativne potrebekorisnika doma.

• adaptacija potkrovlja u salu za rehabilitaciju;• oformiti sobu za izolaciju;• kompletna obnova enterijera koji sada, praktiËno, ne postoji;• adaptacija kupatila i trpezarije.

Stacionar za autizam je u mreæi ustanova socijalne zaπtite, nalazi se u adaptiranom objektu u kome je bilaπkola. Kapacitet ustanove je 42 mesta.Ustanova je koncipirana za smeπtaj dece i omladine ali je vremenom broj uzrastom preraslih πtiÊenikapostao dominantan i pespektiva je da Êe Stacionar prerasti u ustanovu za odrasle. Ovome ide u prilog toπto je veÊina πtiÊenika iz Beograda, da imaju roditelje koji su vezani za njih, da roditelji stare Ëime sesmanjuje njihova moguÊnost da vrate svoju decu u porodicu, kao i da putuju, u sluËaju da se ustanova zaodrasle formira van Beograda.Broj smeπtenih i broj zahteva za smeπtaj dokazuje potrebu postojanja ustanove u Beogradu i postavlja sepitanje proπirenja kapaciteta i za decu i za odrasle.Posebno je vaæno da postoji stacionarna ustanova za decu sa autizmom i propratnim smetnjama koja subez roditeljskog staranja. Kapacitet ne treba da bude veliki ali je neophodno da postoji takva ustanova.Poloæaj Stacionara u gradskim uslovima nije najpovoljniji. Prema viπegodiπnjem iskustvu, osobama saautizmom prija πiri prostor, boravak u prirodi i fiziËke aktivnosti. Sadaπnje okruæenje nije najpovoljnije zaπetnje, mada, opremljena fiskulturna sala i moguÊnost da se u dvoriπnom prostoru dograde objekti zafiziËke aktivnosti i sport, moæe obezbediti uslove za ispunjenje njihovih fiziËkih potreba.

U ovom stacionaru je na trajnom smeπtaju 43 πtiÊenika i svi su oboleli od autizma.Kapacitet ovog doma, koji je tek u poslednje vreme delimiËno opremljen (poπto je biojedan od najoskudnije opremljenih domova) je - 41 mesto.NajveÊi broj korisnika (24) starije je od 18 godina. U stacionaru æivi 7 dece uzrasta od7 do 14 godina.



Prioriteti:

d ) Stacionar za decu i omladinu obolelu od autizmaAutoput bb, Beæanijska kosa, 11080 Zemun • telefon: 011-605-274

Smeπteni korisnici su u intelektualnom razvoju teπko i teæe ometeni, osim autistiËnih poremeÊaja imaju idodatnih zdravstvenih smetnji, a ima korisnika i sa drugim mentalnim teπkoÊama.S obzirom na uzrast, za veÊinu korisnika proces napredovanja u razvoju je proπao te su u organizacijinjihovog æivota primarne zdravstvena i fiziËka nega, a u defektoloπkom radu - organizovanje fiziËkihaktivnosti, radna terapija, stalni trening radi oËuvanja postignutog na planu samoposluæivanja, higijene,socijalizacije i komunikacije.Zaposleni u neposrednom radu sa korisnicima Stacionara su diplomirani defektolozi, medicinske sestre inegovatelji. U radu treba poveÊati negovateljski kadar. Velika povoljnost za rad sa πtiÊenicima je profesorfiziËkog vaspitanja koji organizuje i sprovodi fiziËke aktivnosti, veæbe u sali i napolju. Indikovano je izapoπljavanje fizioterapeuta zbog upotpunjavanja tretmana.Zdravstvenu zaπtitu organizuje i odreuje terapiju lekar specijalista koji je prisutan jedan dan nedeljno uStacionaru, a neposredno radi 10 medicinskih sestara u tri smene.Problem zdravstvene zaπtite je teπkoÊa leËenja u gradskim zdravstvenim ustanovama koje teπko prihvatajuπtiÊenike Stacionara na tretman, ili ne uspevaju da ostvare adekvatan kontakt koji omoguÊuje pruæanjeprave pomoÊi.

Zdravstveni nadzor obavlja 11 medicinskih sestara, a lekar, πef zdravstvene sluæbe u Centru, jednomnedeljno dolazi u ustanovu.


Za potrebe Beograda i cele Republike potrebno je proπirenje kapaciteta za trajni smeπtaj autistiËne dece iodraslih.U cilju bolje nege i ukupnog tretmana autistiËnih lica, potrebno je povremeno obnavljanje znanjazaposlenih i edukacija novozaposlenih o problemima i tretmanu autizma. Osim toga, vaæno je odræavanjenivoa obuËenosti svih zaposlenih za rad i saradnju sa roditeljima dece koja imaju smetnje u razvoju. Stalneedukacije i doedukacije mogu da rade i struËnjaci Centra jer ustanova ima visoko specijalizovanestruËnjake za ovu oblast.


Prioriteti:

Prioriteti:• fizioterapeut;• dve negovateljice;• dve medicinske sestre.

Potrebe za edukacijom zaposlenih:• specifiËna obuka iz zdravstvene oblasti za sve zaposlene;• edukacija za rad na kompjuteru;• edukacija zaposlenih za rad sa roditeljima hendikepirane dece.

• lekovi: Largaktil, fenargan, antibiotici;• medicinska oprema: sanitetski materijal, ormar za lekove, sredstva zaliËnu higijenu i za odræavanje higijene prostora;• namirnice: med, mleko, sokovi, voÊe i povrÊe;• kuhinjska oprema: πporet, zamrzivaË, friæider, posue za trpezariju;• obnova garderobe, posteljine, veπa, Ëarapa;• jedno transportno vozilo;• ostala neophodna oprema u domu: 1-2 maπine za pranje i 1-2 maπineza suπenje veπa.

Zavodi za vaspitanje dece i omladine

UVOD

Deca i mladi koji svojim ponaπanjem naruπavaju opπte prihvaÊena druπtvena pravilaponaπanja u odreenim situacijama, po odluci centra za socijalni rad (i uz miπljenjenadleænog ministarstva za decu do 14 godina) ili na osnovu sudske odluke, upuÊuju seu odgovarajuÊe vaspitne ustanove u kojima im se obezbeuje zbrinjavanje, vaspitanje,obrazovanje i zdravstvena zaπtita. UpuÊivanje u vaspitnu ustanovu je mera koja imadva osnovna polaziπta: kriviËnopravni osnov, odnosno socijalni i porodiËnopravniosnov. Po prvom osnovu ova mera se moæe izreÊi kriviËno-odgovornim maloletnicimakojima je potreban stalni nadzor od strane struËnih lica. Po drugom osnovu, daje semoguÊnost organima starateljstva da i decu do 14 godina æivota koja nisu kriviËnoodgovorna, a koja su izvrπila kriviËna dela, kao i decu i omladinu Ëiji je æivot i razvojveÊ godinama ugroæen i devijantan, smeste u ovakav tip ustanova.

U pravnom sistemu Republike Srbije ovakav tip ustanova nosi naziv Zavodi zavaspitanje dece i omladine i trenutno se u Srbiji, u funkciji, nalaze tri takve ustanove:Zavod za vaspitanje dece i omladine u Beogradu, Zavod za vaspitanje dece i mladeæi uKnjaæevcu i Zavod za vaspitanje u Niπu. U toku realizacije projekta Jugoslovenskogcentra za prava deteta “Poloæaj i stanje dece u institucijama” Ëlanovi ekspertskog timaobiπli su i ove ustanove.

Sloæena struktura, heterogeni sastav dece koja se upuÊuju u zavode, kao i sloæenostproblematike kojom se bave ove ustanove, nameÊe neminovno pitanje njihovog daljegefikasnog funkcionisanja. Kao primer navodimo samo Zavod za vaspitanje dece iomladine u Beogradu, koji je nastao spajanjem tri ustanove: Doma Vasa StajiÊ,Prihvatiliπta za decu i mladeæ i Zavoda za vaspitanje dece i omladine, i u kome danasfunkcioniπu dve organizacione jedinice: jedinica za zavodski tretman i prihvatiliπte saprihvatnom stanicom. SliËna situacija je i u zavodu u Knjaæevcu i Niπu, pogotovo upogledu heterogenog sastava njihovih πtiÊenika. Tu posebno imamo u vidu Ëinjenicuda zbog nepostojanja specijalnih ustanova za smeπtaj dece i mladih uËinioca kriviËnihdela, odnosno devijantnog ponaπanja, a kod kojih postoji poremeÊaj ili zaostalost ufiziËkom ili duπevnom razvoju, dolazi i do njihovog smeπtaja u veÊ navedene vaspitneustanove. Takva praksa dovodi u pitanje struËni rad ovih ustanova, pa se zahtev zaosnivanjem specijalne ustanove ili ustanova za ovakvu kategoriju dece, nameÊe kaovapaj.

U toku realizacije projekta, pored zavoda, Ëlanovi ekspertskog tima JuCPD, posetili sui dve ustanove koje se ne nalaze pod jurisdikcijom Ministarstva za socijalna pitanjaRepublike Srbije: Vaspitno popravni dom u Kruπevcu i Kazneno popravni zavod zamaloletnike u Valjevu. Za ove dve ustanove nadleæno je Ministarstvo pravde RepublikeSrbije i u njima se realizuje zavodski tretman upuÊivanja u vaspitno popravni dom,odnosno kazna maloletniËkog zatvora, a na osnovu odluke suda izreËene maloletnimuËiniocima kriviËnih dela. Smatrali smo za potrebno, a na osnovu Ëinjenice da se u ovimustanovama nalaze deca za koje Konvencija za prava deteta zahteva poseban tretmani zaπtitu, da posetimo i ove ustanove. Takoe, smatramo za potrebno da istaknemo, dapodeljena zakonodavna nadleænost, dva ministarstva, Ministarstva pravde iMinistarstva za socijalna pitanja, u pogledu ovih ustanova ne predstavlja najboljereπenje, u smislu njihovog efikasnog funkcionisanja. U vezi s tim smatramo da buduÊezakonodavne promene moraju uzeti u obzir i ovu Ëinjenicu.

Vaspitne ustanove

Objekat je spolja u dobrom stanju, sem problema sa prokiπnjavanjem koji postoji zbog ravnog krova. Deoobjekta saniran je kosim krovom (zgrada uprave), a deo je neophodno sanirati, tj. napraviti kosi krov.Unutraπnjost objekta na spratu i u prizemlju je solidna, osim πto nedostaje enterijerska oprema. Ragastovisu razvaljeni, a kreveti, ormani i ostala oprema u loπem stanju tako da ih treba popraviti ili zameniti.Drugi sprat je neupotrebljiv zbog prokiπnjavanja ravnog krova. ZapoËeta je rekonstrukcija i popravkapodova, mada postoji opasnost da i to propadne zbog prokiπnjavanja.Urgentno je dovrπiti rekonstrukciju krova, tj. kompletan objekat pokriti kosim krovom.

• izgradnja kosog krova na delu objekta kako bi ceo objekat biopokriven kosim krovom;• zamena nameπtaja po spavaÊim i dnevnim sobama.

Zavod za vaspitanje u Knjaæevcu je osnovan 1948. godine. U sadaπnji prostor i namenski izgraeneobjekte, πtiÊenici su useljeni 1974. godine.Izgraeni kapacitet objekta je 84 mesta, ili 7 vaspitnih grupa. Zadnjih godina je deo doma koriπÊen zasmeπtaj izbeglih lica, a zavod je koristio prostor za 6 vaspitnih grupa. Poπto se broj izbeglih lica smanjujea prostor u domu oslobaa, u zavodu planiraju da ostanu na kapacitetu od 6 vaspitnih grupa zbogefikasnosti rada i da prostor sedme vaspitne grupe prenamene i opreme za slobodne aktivnosti i drugeoblike rada s decom.Osim objekata za stanovanje, u okviru zavoda je i πkola za osnovno obrazovanje dece koja su smeπtena uzavodu. Deo prostora se koristi za ekonomiju Ëiji se proizvodi koriste za potrebe zavoda i za radnu obukudece.U zavodu su smeπtena deca oba pola, od 7 do 14 godina, a prema uputstvu nadleænog ministarstva, decamogu da se u zavodu zadræe do 17 godina, odnosno do godina dozvoljenih za redovno osnovnoπkolovanje, prema Zakonu o osnovnoj πkoli.U vaspitno - obrazovnom radu je zaposleno sedam vaspitaËa, specijalnih pedagoga smera zaresocijalizaciju, sa viπom πkolom ili fakultetom, πto je u skladu sa normativima. Zavod ima teπkoÊa daobezbedi psihologa, a zadnjih meseci postoji prekid u radu pedagoga, πto je traæilo velike naporevaspitaËa.Vaspitni rad se sprovodi po vaspitnim grupama, 5 grupa po programu opπteg vaspitnog tretmana i jednaprijemno-opservaciona grupa u kojoj je uvek dovoljno novoprimljene dece. U ovoj grupi se radi dopunska

U Domu za vaspitanje mladeæi smeπteno je 66 πtiÊenika, a kapacitet ove ustanove je 72mesta. Deca su mahom uzrasta od 7 do 14 godina (45). Meu njima je 26 dece lakomentalno ometene. »etvoro dece je na stalnom psihijatrijskom tretmanu, a 14 πtiÊenikaje povremeno na ovakvim zdravstvenim tretmanima.



Prioriteti:

1 Dom za vaspitanje mladeæi, KnjaæevacUlica Bore StankoviÊa bb, 19350 Knjaæevac • telefon: 019-761-835, 731-426 • faks: 019-731-332

dijagnostika, pomoÊ u adaptaciji na nove uslove æivota i zapoËinje tretman resocijalizacije. Za rad u ovojgrupi nedostaje joπ jedan vaspitaË zbog potrebe permanentne kontrole i celodnevnog rada sa ovomgrupom.Programi i planovi vaspitnog rada se prave na osnovu opπtih principa specijalne i opπte pedagogije ipsihologije i iskustva zbog novih oblika ponaπanja i novih problema dece na smeπtaju (visok stepenvaspitne zanemarenosti, neprilagoenost organizovanom æivotu, psihijatrijski poremeÊaji, mentalnaometenost u visokom procentu u kombinaciji sa ostalim problemima).U ovom zavodu je vrlo organizovan rad na okupaciji dece radom, rekreacionim i slobodnim aktivnostima.Radno angaæovanje obuhvata sve domaÊe poslove u zavodu, dvoriπtu, voÊnjaku i ekonomiji. Radnazaduæenja se usklauju sa interesovanjima i sposobnostima dece, a nagraivanjem se rad stimuliπe.Dom je u znaËajnoj meri integrisan u lokalnu sredinu u kojoj ne postoji otpor prema ovoj deci, to doprinosisocijalizaciji dece kao i kontroli njihovog ponaπanja van ustanove.Za razvoj ustanove su potrebna znaËajna sredstva da bi se obezbedila oprema za sve potrebne aktivnostidece. Lokalna zajednica nema dovoljno donatora za ove potrebe. ZnaËajno je da u zavodu postoji jasnakoncepcija i precizni planovi opremanja tako da ih postupno realizuju.

Zdravstvena zaπtita dece smeπtene u zavodu odvija se u opπtim medicinskim i specijalistiËkimustanovama, kada za to ima potrebe. PraÊenje zdravstvenog stanja je u nadleænosti vaspitaËa, za πta oni,u principu, nisu pripremljeni niti organizacija rada obezbeuje toliko vremena da mogu da vode decu kodlekara.Najteæi problemi za vaspitno - obrazovni tretman i proces zaπtite uopπte su deca i mladi sa problemimaduπevnog zdravlja Ëije je asocijalno ponaπanje time prouzrokovano.U Knjaæevcu specijalistiËka zdravstvena sluæba nije razvijena. Neophodno je normativima priznati radnomesto medicinske sestre zbog svih potencijalnih rizika kojima su πtiÊenici izloæeni.


U domu u Knjaæevcu je planirano da se, u saradnji sa Centrom za socijalni rad, otvori dnevni boravak zadecu iz lokalne sredine koja imaju probleme u ponaπanju i socijalnom razvoju.Sa Defektoloπkim fakultetom u Beogradu su potpisali protokol o saradnji koji treba da pomognepovezivanju teorije i prakse u defektoloπkom radu. Za unapreenje vaspitnog rada u zavodu, postojipotreba zaposlenih za doedukacijom o novinama teorija resocijalizacije i prakse defektoloπkog rada.


Prioriteti:

Prioriteti:• jedna medicinska sestra;• jedan vaspitaË za drugu smenu u realizaciji programa prijemno-opservacione grupe;• priznavanje radnog mesta vaspitaËa za slobodne aktivnosti;• radnik-instruktor, realizator radnih programa;• popunjavanje radnog mesta psihologa za koje je stalno otvorenkonkurs.

Potrebne edukacije zaposlenih:• doedukacija struËnih radnika u okviru novih tendnecija u praksi iteoriji defektoloπkog rada.

• meraË krvnog pritiska, sterilizator;• jedno transportno vozilo;• ostala neophodna oprema u domu: televizori i muziËki stubovi,plejeri, kompjuteri, foto - laboratorija, stolovi za bilijar i za stoni tenis.

Kompleks zavoda sadræi tri objekta koji su namenjeni za smeπtaj dece, πkolu i upravnu zgradu. Od trismeπtajna objekta jedan je ustupljen izbeglicama.Opπte stanje objekta je katastrofalno. Fasade svih objekata su ugroæene i u vrlo loπem stanju usleduniπtenih oluka.Fiskulturna sala i nekoliko radionica u sklopu πkole su renovirani ali zbog loπeg stanja oluka, postojiopasnost da i to propadne. Hitno je potrebno postaviti nove oluke.Grejanje je joπ jedna od urgentnih stvari koje treba reπiti novim projektom instalacija. Postoji kotlarnica uokviru upravne zgrade i dovoljna koliËina goriva, ali grejanje u objektima je loπe. Neophodno je snimitistanje i naÊi odgovarajuÊe reπenje.Oprema πkole praktiËno ne postoji mada ni objekti za smeπtaj dece nisu u mnogo boljem stanju. Nedostajustolovi, stolice, ormani, kao i oprema dnevnih boravaka.S obzirom na to da je kapacitet jednog od tri objekta oko 30 mesta, a u objektu je u trenutku anketeboravilo 16 dece, racionalno bi bilo preispitati potrebu postojanja tolikog kompleksa. Prenamena povrπinebi bila jedno od moguÊih reπenja.

• sanacija uniπtenih oluka;• prikljuËivanje postojeÊeg sistema grejanja na gradsku toplanu;• preureenje prostorija za loæenje u magacin;• nedostaje kompletan nameπtaj (stolice, stolovi, ormari);• renoviranje III paviljona gde su sada izbeglice;• renoviranje elektro, vodovodno - kanalizacione mreæe;• renoviranje πkolske radionice.

Zavod za vaspitanje u Niπu ima na smeπtaju muπku omladinu sa poremeÊajima u druπtvenom ponaπanju,uzrasta od 14 do 18 godina, smeπtenu po uputu centara za socijalni rad i πtiÊenike sa izreËenom sudskommerom upuÊivanja u vaspitnu ustanovu (deca preko 14 godina, a istek vaspitne mere moæe biti i sa 21godinom).Realni kapacitet ustanove je 48 mesta jer su u jednom objektu za stanovanje viπe godina smeπteneizbeglice. Broj dece na spisku je izmeu 30 i 40, a stvarno prisutnih znaËajno manji, promenljiv posastavu.U dvoriπtu Zavoda se nalazi πkola sa veoma dobro opremljenom fiskulturnom salom (adaptaciju iopremanje uradila je organizacija IRC).Zavod ima opremljen prostor za prihvatnu stanicu, za boravak dece koja su u bekstvu ili se na drugi naËinnau na ulici, u trajanju do 7 dana.

Kapacitet Zavoda za vaspitanje u Niπu, u okviru kojeg postoji i prihvatna stanica,utvren je na 48 mesta. Na dan ankete u domu je, prema zvaniËnoj evidenciji, bilo 33πtiÊenika a stvarno ih je bilo prisutno samo 16. Deo ovog objekta koristi se za smeπtajizbeglica.Oko jedna treÊina ukupnog broja korisnika je lako mentalno ometena u razvoju. Decasu uglavnom uzrasta od 14 do 18 godina, a samo troje πtiÊenika je, u trenutkuanketiranja, bilo starije od 18 godina.



Prioriteti:

2 Zavod za vaspitanje omladine, NiπBoæidarËeva 37, 18000 Niπ • telefon: 018-43-619 • faks: 018-43-618

U Zavodu je zaposleno 6 vaspitaËa, dva psihologa, pedagog i socijalni radnik za vaspitno-obrazovni rad iukupnu zaπtitu dece.Vaspitni rad se programira i planira prema principima opπteg tretmana klasiËne resocijalizacije kojipodrazumeva rad po vaspitnim grupama, poπtovanje dnevnog rasporeda aktivnosti, obaveznoobrazovanje, slobodne aktivnosti i drugo.Smanjeni broj korisnika i izmenjena problematika smeπtenih (mentalna retardacija, visok stepenobrazovnog zaostajanja i uticaji æivota van organizovane sredine, narkomanije, poremeÊaji duπevnogzdravlja, poremeÊaji navika, teπka kriviËna dela, i dr) uticali su da se vaspitni rad organizuje faktiËkifrontalno i individualno.ZnaËajan broj dece sa smetnjama duπevnog zdravlja se leËi stacionarno ili ambulantno uz aktivnu saradnjuzdravstvene sluæbe grada.Zbog uzrasta dece, πkola u Zavodu je formirana kao srednja πkola za radniËka zanimanja. Veliki broj decebez osnovne πkole zavrπava osnovnu πkolu po ubrzanom sistemu osnovnog obrazovanja za odrasle.Radno angaæovanje u ustanovi postoji samo na poslovima ureenja prostora za æivot i dvoriπta (koje jeureeno i uredno), radionice (stolarska i maπinbravarska) su neureene i neopremljene (opremaneupotrebljiva).Jedan broj dece radi u gradu kod privatnika i tako stiËe zaradu i socijalno iskustvo koje nije pod kontrolomvaspitaËa. Deca, inaËe nemaju redovan i dovoljan dæeparac.Oprema spavaonica i drugih prostora u objektima je ruinirana ili ne postoji.

Zdravstvena zaπtita u domu se obezbeuje kroz vrlo kvalitetnu saradnju sa zdravstvenim ustanovamaNiπa. Dom, inaËe, nema zaposlenu medicinsku sestru, a deca su pod velikim zdravstvenim rizikom.

©tiÊenici su vrlo skromno snabdeveni garderobom i obuÊom. Neophodna je obnova.


Ovakva ustanova je neophodna u ovom kraju, stoga bi trebalo da ostane Zavod za vaspitanje muπkeomladine, ali da se u nju smeπtaju samo mladi kojima je izreËena vaspitna mera upuÊivanja u vaspitnuustanovu od strane suda. Posledica takve organizacije bila bi da ovaj zavod pripadne sistemu pravosua.


Prioriteti:

Prioriteti:• specijalizovane edukacije o nenasilnoj komunikaciji sa omladinomsklonom vrπenju kriviËnih dela;• edukacija za rad sa zlostavljanom decom;• edukacija za rad sa decom sklonom zloupotrebi droga, decomusporenog mentalnog razvoja i decom neadaptiranom na organizovaneuslove æivota;• poseban akcenat dati na osmiπljavanje i formiranje radionice zaokupaciono radnu terapiju prilagoenu deci sa kategorijom tretmana uZavodu.

• oprema za kuhinju: πporet, maπina za pranje posua, ventilator;• ostala neophodna oprema u domu: oprema vaspitnih grupa(garderoberi, TV i radio - aparati), kompjuter za struËni tim.

Objekat u kome je smeπten Zavod za vaspitanje dece i omladine datira iz 1919. godine, a renoviran je1955. godine. Objekat je graevinski u solidnom stanju sa novom fasadom i sreenim krovom.Potrebno je izvrπiti kompletnu enterijersku adaptaciju. Drvenarija je u loπem stanju - poËev od ulaznihvrata koja se ne zatvaraju, unutraπnjih vrata koja su u loπem stanju (Ëesto su polomljena ili izvaljena), doprozora koje treba popraviti ili zameniti. Podovi su, takoe, u loπem stanju (ploËice po podovima i parketpo sobama) te ih treba zameniti ili popraviti.Oprema po prostorima za boravak dece (dnevni boravci i sobe) je potpuno dotrajala ili ne postoji, tako daje neophodno nabaviti odgovarajuÊu novu opremu (kreveti, ormari, police, stolovi, stolice).Kupatila takoe treba kompletno adaptirati i opremiti poπto je postojeÊa oprema dotrajala ili uniπtena.Fiskulturna sala u suterenu je bez opreme i adekvatne ventilacije, sa dotrajalim parketom. Potrebna jezamena poda i ugradnja ventilacije, kao i opremanje.ProblematiËan je i razvod telefonske mreæe u domu. Potrebna je sanacija.Potkrovlje u delu prihvatne stanice je potpuno izgorelo. Dosada je popravljen samo krov tako da jeneophodno dovrπiti radove i organizovati prostor za potrebe doma.

• zamena drvenarije - prozora, unutraπnjih i spoljnjih vrata;• nabavka opreme (kreveti, police, ormari, stolovi, stolice).

Zavod za vaspitanje dece i omladine u Beogradu je sloæena ustanova od dve organizacione jedinice,zavodski tretman i prihvatiliπte sa prihvatnom stanicom. Nastao je spajanjem tri ustanove, Doma "VasaStajiÊ", Prihvatiliπta za decu i mladeæ i Zavoda za vaspitanje dece i omladine - Beograd, tzv. Centralnogprihvatiliπta. Ukupni kapacitet Zavoda je 90 mesta, od toga je 60 za zavodski smeπtaj i 30 za rad Prihvatiliπta i prihvatnestanice. U okviru Zavoda je i πkola "Vasa StajiÊ" u kojoj se πkoluje veÊina dece sa zavodskog smeπtaja ideca iz Prihvatiliπta koja su duæe u tom obliku zaπtite.Dve organizacione jedinice Zavoda su bile prostorno odvojene do 1998. godine, Prihvatiliπte se nalazilo uZveËanskoj ulici br.52, prostoru koji je namenski graen za tu ustanovu, a u kome je sada smeπten Domza srednjoπkolsku i studentsku omladinu.Prostornim spajanjem ove dve organizacione jedinice Zavoda nije postignut efekat dobre funkcionalnepovezanosti. Zbog razliËite strukture smeπtene dece, postoji potreba da deca iz Prihvatiliπta buduzaπtiÊena od moguÊih negativnih iskustava iz susreta sa decom iz zavodskog smeπtaja, a to se postiæetime πto su deca iz Prihvatiliπta praktiËno zatvorena u jednom objektu Zavoda. U cilju adekvatnogfunkcionisanja Prihvatiliπta, svi su izgledi da je najpovoljnije reπenje da se ono iseli u novi prostor. U zavodskom smeπtaju su deca oba pola od 7 do 18 godina, odnosno do isteka vaspitne mere upuÊivanjau vaspitnu ustanovu, ako im je sud izrekao takvu meru, a to znaËi da se mogu zadræati u Zavodu i do 21.godine.U Prihvatiliπtu i prihvatnoj stanici su deca i mladi koji se nau u skitnji ili su na drugi naËin nezbrinuta i tuse zadræavaju do povratka u porodicu ili sredinu u kojoj æive, ili do pronalaska adekvatne mere zaπtite odstrane organa starateljstva.



Prioriteti:

3 Zavod za vaspitanje dece i omladine, BeogradBulevar JNA 219, 11000 Beograd • telefon: 011-492-301• faks: 011-471-622

U beogradskom Zavodu za vaspitanje dece i omladine smeπteno je 44 πtiÊenika (20 jena dan ankete bilo u prihvatnoj stanici koja funkcioniπe u okviru zavoda). Kapacitetustanove je inaËe 96 mesta u domu, a 30 u stanici. ©tiÊenici doma uglavnom su uzrastaod 14 do 18 godina (30). Od ukupnog broja dece koja su boravila u domu tokomanketiranja, 18 je lako mentalno ometeno (10 u domu, 8 u prihvatnoj stanici).

Sama osnova upuÊivanja dece na zavodski smeπtaj, a i u Prihvatiliπte, ukazuje na heterogenost sastavadece. PojedinaËne teπkoÊe dece u razvoju, zdravlju, ponaπanju i drugo, uveÊavaju tu raznovrsnost, a tooteæava organizaciju vaspitnog rada, proces vaspitanja i resocijalizacije. Posebnu teπkoÊu vaspitnomosoblju predstavlja spoj muπke i æenske omladine u istom prostoru. PoveÊan broj dece sa posebnimteπkoÊama poveÊava obim potrebe individualnog tretmana.Za planirani kapacitet obe organizacione jedinice je zaposleno viπe radnika nego πto predviaju normativi.Vaspitni rad se programira na nivou ustanove, a planira na nivou vaspitne grupe, pojedinih sluæbi i individualnogplana rada sa pojedinim detetom. Osnovna organizacija vaspitnog rada je po principima opπteg tretmana resocijalizacije sa pojaËanim individualnimradom.Za posebne programe u vaspitanju su odreeni koordinatori koji sa svom decom rade individualno ili u posebnoformiranim grupama. Za individualni rad sa decom, a i za grupni rad sa decom koja imaju posebne teπkoÊe urazvoju, potrebna je edukacija zaposlenih struËnih radnika, u smislu upoznavanja problema i obuka za tretmantih problema. U radu sa decom na zavodskom smeπtaju i u Prihvatiliπtu se povremeno angaæuju nevladine organizacije saposebnim programima (edukativni, kreativni, sportski i dr.). Taj rad nije kontinuiran niti ga nastavljaju vaspitaËi. U Zavodu nema dovoljno i adekvatno opremljenih prostora za radne aktivnosti, sport i slobodne aktivnosti.PostojeÊi uslovi se ne koriste dovoljno organizovano.U vaspitnom radu je zasada posebna teπkoÊa πto zavodski tretman nije odreen ni vremenski niti okonËanjemnekog posebnog programa, nema ni definisanog stepena uspeπnosti procesa resocijalizacije i to praktiËno znaËiboravak u Zavodu do prirodnog okonËanja zaπtite punoletstvom ili istekom vaspitne mere. »ak i u sluËajuuspeπnog okonËanja procesa realizacije, ako dete nema roditelje ili nema uslova da se vrati u prirodnu porodicu,veoma je teπko da iz Zavoda bude premeπteno u dom za decu bez roditeljskog staranja zbog predrasuda.Otvaraju se uslovi za struËno reπavanje navedenih problema kroz planiranu saradnju sa Defektoloπkim fakultetomu Beogradu potpisivanjem Protokola o saradnji.

Zdravstvena zaπtita dece sprovodi se u opπtim i specijalistiËkim medicinskim ustanovama kada za to imapotrebe. VaspitaËi, koji su zaduæeni za zdravstveni nadzor, nisu dovoljno pripremljeni za tu vrstu rada, anemaju ni dovoljno vremena da decu vode kod lekara. Zbog toga je priznavanje radnog mesta medicinskesestre koja bi obavljala konstantan medicinski nadzor od ogromnog znaËaja, jer je ovde reË o deci podvelikim zdravstvenim rizikom.Za adekvatan rad i tretman dece sa problemima duπevnog zdravlja, i u zavodskom smeπtaju i uPrihvatiliπtu, potrebno je angaæovanje neuropsihijatra sa delom radnog vremena.


U Zavodu se smatra da ustanovi treba vratiti tradicionalno ime "Vasa StajiÊ" jer se sada zvaniËno zoveZavod za vaspitanje dece i omladine - Beograd. Zbog jedinstvenosti vaspitno-obrazovnog procesa, πkola uokviru doma treba da bude organizaciono povezana sa domom (sada je u sistemu obrazovanja).Prihvatiliπte treba prostorno i organizaciono izdvojiti iz doma.Dom treba da bude profilisan iskljuËivo za decu i omladinu oba pola sa poremeÊajima u ponaπanju.Neophodno je izdvojiti decu sa problemima duπevnog zdravlja i decu sa problemima bolesti zavisnosti.


Prioriteti:

Prioriteti:• oligofreni pedagozi;• domar.

Potrebna edukacija zaposlenih:• dodatna edukacija za vaspitaËe u radu s decom s poremeÊajima uponaπanju;• nove tehnike terapijskog rada sa mladima (npr. nenasilnakomunikacija, psihodrama);• obuka za nove tehnike rada sa mentalo ometenim πtiÊenicima.

• oprema za kuhinju: sredstva za odræavanje higijene kuhinje (krpe,suneri, kape...), posue (tanjiri, πerpe);• namirnice: med;• obnavljanje obuÊe i odeÊe;• ostala oprema neophodna u domu: nameπtaj za dnevne i spavaÊesobe, tehniËki ureaji.

Vaspitnopopravni dom i maloletniËki zatvor

Ekipa Jugoslovenskog centra za prava deteta u sklopu akcije obilaska ustanovasocijalne zaπtite za smeπtaj dece i omladine, obiπla je i Vaspitnopopravni dom uKruπevcu i Kazneno-popravni zavod u Valjevu, iako su ove ustanove podingerencijom Ministarstva pravde. Bez obzira na to, smatrali smo da je, zakompletan pregled stanja u ustanovama u kojima æive deca koja su podnadzorom dræave, neophodno da imamo i podatke o poloæaju dece kojoj jeizreËena vaspitna mera ili kriviËna sankcija.

Vaspitnopopravni dom je jedina ustanova tog tipa u Republici. Funkcija ustanove je resocijalizacijamaloletnih izvrπilaca kriviËnih dela kojima je sud izrekao vaspitnu meru upuÊivanja u vaspitnopopravnidom, obezbeenje egzistencijalnih potreba i zdravstvena zaπtita maloletnika dok traje izvrπenje mere.Objekti za smeπtaj i aktivnosti maloletnika su odræavani i opremljeni u nivou neophodnog. Sada je u domu194 πtiÊenika, oba pola, uzrasta 14 do 23 godine. Ukupan broj zaposlenih je 178, od toga na poslovimaresocijalizacije 67 (naËelnik za vaspitno-korektivni rad, 17 vaspitaËa od kojih 5 na odreeno vreme, 2referenta za sport, 1 referent za kulturne aktivnosti, 12 nastavnika-profesora i 34 instruktora praktiËnenastave).Sluæba za poslove prevaspitavanja radi u tri odseka:

- odsek za ispitivanje liËnosti, tj. prijemno odeljenje,- odsek za vaspitno-korektivni rad,- odsek za profesionalnu orijentaciju.

Organizacija vaspitno-obrazovnog rada, odnosno programa resocijalizacije, sprovodi se prema Zakonu oizvrπenju kriviËnih sankcija i prema kuÊnom redu koji odreuje vreme za osnovne dnevne aktivnosti(egzistencijalne potrebe, nastava, rad, slobodne aktivnosti).Proces resocijalizacije se sprovodi po individualnom planu rada sa maloletnikom Ëije osnove postavljastruËni tim (socijalni radnik, pedagog, psiholog, lekar) prijemnog odeljenja, posle opservacije i ispitivanjasvih faktora vaænih za tretman u trajanju od 40 do 60 dana. VaspitaË prati taj plan i menja ga u skladu sasvojim nalazima i promenama koje nastupe i o tome πestomeseËno izveπtava sud i centar za socijalni rad.Proces resocijalizacije sadræi rad na: izmeni stavova prema vrπenju kriviËnih dela, razvoju stavovakritiËnosti i samokritiËnosti, formiranju radnih i higijenskih navika i navika pravilnog koriπÊenja slobodnogvremena i sprovodi se neizostavno kroz programe obrazovanja i radnog osposobljavanja.Obrazovanje se odvija po programima osnovnog obrazovanja za odrasle i srednjoπkolskog redovnogprograma u πkoli i u okviru doma. Radno angaæovanje i radno obrazovanje je obavezno u toku dana, usuprotnoj smeni od πkolskih Ëasova i vrπi se u 27 radionica u domu.Od 194 maloletnika u domu, 99 su u programu osnovnog obrazovanja za odrasle, 36 u procesu redovnogsrednjoπkolskog obrazovanja, 9 je na kursu drugog stepena radnog osposobljavanja i 50 je okonËaloobrazovni proces na nivou osnovne ili srednje πkole i oni su na radnoj obuci ili radnom angaæovanju uradionicama.Ciljevi obrazovanja se postavljaju prema obrazovnom statusu maloletnika ili dolasku u dom, prema nivoumentalne ometenosti i vremenu koje je na raspolaganju za proces resocijalizacije. U domu je zadnjihgodina 25-30 odsto lako mentalno ometenih, ili Ëak onih ka donjoj granici tog nivoa, poveÊava se brojmaloletnika bez osnovne pismenosti pa je za njih cilj osnovno opismenjavanje i radna obuka premasposobnostima.U ustanovi se poveÊava procenat maloletnika sa problemima duπevnog zdravlja i maloletnika saproblemima narkomanije. Posebno je visok procenat bivπih πtiÊenika Zavoda za vaspitanje (80 odsto) kojiimaju iskustva sa psihostimulativnim sredstvima.Program vaspitno-obrazovnog rada je vremenski preciziran u znaËajnoj meri, a sadræi i pripremu otpusta.Ovaj aspekt rada je najteæe uspeπno ostvariti zbog teπkoÊa da se u otvorenoj sredini obezbedi prihvat(stanovanje, posao) jer veÊina maloletnika ili nema porodicu ili je porodica neadekvatna.Nekoliko vaspitaËa je proπlo obuku nedirektivnog savetodavnog rada, a nedostaju im obuke za efikasniji

Ova vaspitna ustanova namenjena je deci i omladini do 18 godina kojoj je izreËenavaspitna mera upuÊivanja u vaspitni dom od strane suda. U domu je smeπteno 194πtiÊenika koji su, uglavnom, stariji od 18 godina (121). Ostalih 73 πtiÊenika su uzrastaod 14 do 18 godina. NajveÊi broj dece je normalnih intelektualnih sposobnosti, dok jeu grupi lako mentalno ometenih - 54.

Vaspitno-obrazovni rad

1 Vaspitnopopravni dom, KruπevacUlica Blagoja ParoviÊa bb, 37000 Kruπevac • telefon: 037-26-977, 26-960

savetodavni rad u specifiËnoj grupi (nenasilna komunikacija, otpor grupi, timsko usaglaπavanje i sl.).Takoe, postoji potreba dodatnog obrazovanja vaspitaËa o delinkvenciji, problemima adolescencije,narkomaniji i, uopπte, o asocijalnim pojavama u adolescentnom uzrastu.

Zdravstvena zaπtita je organizovana u ustanovi na nivou opπte zdravstvene zaπtite, zdravstvenepreventive i sprovoenja terapije, specijalsitiËki pregledi i leËenje se obavljaju u specijalistiËkimzdravstvenim ustanovama. Rukovodilac zdravstvene sluæbe je lekar-neuropsihijatar, a u sluæbi sustomatolog i tri medicinske sestre.©tiÊenici imaju redovne sistematske preglede, nisu primeÊena ozbiljnija oboljenja. Postoji saradnja saZdravstvenim centrom u Kruπevcu.Namirnice za pripremanje hrane se uglavnom kupuju, mada se jedan deo obezbeuje kroz humanitarnedonacije. Permanentna potreba je - sveæa hrana.Ishrana osnovnim namirnicama koliËinski zadovoljava potrebe, ali nedostaje sveæe hrane.©tiÊenici su skromno obuËeni i potreba za obnavljanjem garderobe i obuÊe je jedna od stalnih potreba uovom domu.Odevanje je u granicama nuænih potreba osim za maloletnike kojima roditelji obezbeuju dodatne potrebe.


Prioriteti:

Prioriteti:• 7 vaspitaËa;• 1 referent za kulturu;• 2 uËitelja (poæeljno da budu oligo smera);• 1 profesor engleskog jezika;• 1 socijalni radnik.

• sanitetski materijal, kontraceptivna sredstva, EKG aparat (portabl),instrumenti;• neophodni sistematski pregledi ljudi zaposlenih u domu;• ostala neophodna oprema u domu: didaktiËki materijal, sportskirekviziti, video, televizori, muziËki stubovi, muziËki instrumenti.

Zavod u Valjevu je jedina ustanova ovog tipa u Srbiji. U zavodu se izvrπavaju kazne maloletniËkog zatvorau trajanju od 1 do 10 godina i kazne zatvora mlaih punoletnih lica za kazne do 10 godina kojima se prviput sudi a da nisu stariji od 23 godine.Zavod je namenski graen i opremljen za rad zaposlenih i stanovanje, obrazovanje, rad, sportske ikulturne aktivnosti πtiÊenika. Odræavanje i oprema ustanove zadovoljavaju osnovne potrebe zaposlenih iπtiÊenika. U zavodu se nalazi 183 πtiÊenika, od njih je 39 na programu srednjoπkolskog obrazovanja, ostali su naradnoj obuci i radnom angaæovanju. Na programima vaspitno-obrazovnog rada je zaposleno 16 radnika(naËelnik sluæbe, vaspitaËi i struËni tim) i 29 isntruktora i ostalih zaposlenih na poslovima radne obuke iupoπljavanja maloletnika.Program vaspitno-obrazovnog rada se izrauje na 5 godina i primenjuje se po odobrenju nadleænogministarstva koje ga i finansira. Program se sadræajno odnosi na individualni rad i oblike grupnog rada saπtiÊenicima, obrazovanje, radne i slobodne aktivnosti.Organizacija vaspitno-obrazovnog rada je odreena Zakonom o izvrπenju kriviËnih sankcija i bazirana jena kuÊnom redu koji ureuje ritam i precizira vreme dnevnih aktivnosti.U sadræaju vaspitnog rada teæiπte je na obrazovanju i razvijanju radnih navika. Aktuelno, materijalnasituacija odreuje prioritete, te je obrazovanje u drugom planu (nedostaju sredstva za plaÊanje nastavnika)i radna obuka je primarna. Ovakva orijentacija u programu rada na resocijalizaciji je opravdana i time πtoje karakteristika sadaπnje populacije agresivnost i nasilniπtvo te je u tretmanu nephodno stalnoangaæovanje i fiziËke aktivnosti (rad i sportske aktivnosti).U sadaπnjoj strukturi πtiÊenika ima 12 do 15 odsto sa poremeÊajima liËnosti, ostali su sa poremeÊajimasocijalnog ponaπanja, a radi se po istom programu, odnosno po programu za resocijalizaciju onih saporemeÊajima u ponaπanju.Postoji procena struËnih radnika za resocijalzaciju da je potreban program za rad sa πtiÊenicima saporemeÊajima liËnosti i obezbeenje uslova za efikasne terapije takvih osoba u procesu resocijalizacije.Obrazovna struktura πtiÊenika je relativno visoka, najviπe je onih sa srednjom πkolom (70 odsto), azanemarljiv je broj nepismenih i mentalno ometenih.

Kapacitet jedinog maloletniËkog zatvora u Srbiji je 250 mesta, a u trenutkusprovoenja ankete u zavodu je bilo smeπteno 183 pritvorenika (171 u zavodu, a 12 upritvoru). U ovom domu, praktiËno, nema lica koja su mlaa od 18 godina, ali su sviizvrπili kriviËno delo dok su bili maloletni, te im je na osnovu te okolnosti i izricanakazna.

Vaspitno-obrazovni rad

2 Kaznenopopravni zavod za maloletnike, ValjevoLozniËki put bb, 14000 Valjevo • telefon: 014-222-212 • faks:014-222-272

Prioriteti:• Nedostaju neposredni vaspitaËi i profesori.

Potrebe za edukacijom zaposlenih:• edukacija vaspitnog osoblja za psiholoπki tretman lica saporemeÊajima liËnosti, posebno poremeÊajima vezanim za agresivnost,nasilniπtvo i sliËno...;• kognitivna terapija;• bihejvioralna terapija;• obuka o bolestima zavisnosti.

Za zdravstveni nadzor u zavodu je zaduæen jedan lekar internista (anesteziolog), medicinski tehniËar ijedan stomatolog. PriruËnoj apoteci u zavodu nedostaju osnovni lekovi, a opremljenost medicinskomopremom je vrlo skromna.

Vrlo dugo je ovaj zavod bio primoran da kupuje gotovo sve namirnice za pripremu hrane. Tek od poËetkaove godine ovu ustanovu "pokrivaju" donacije humanitarnih organizacija.Potrebe u ishrani su zadovoljene u neophodnoj meri i po propisima za ustanovu.


Prioriteti:• preurediti i opremiti medicinski blok;• oprema za ambulantu: portabl EKG, boce za kiseonik, grafoskop zaoËitavanje rendgen snimaka, otoskop, bubreænjak, πpric za ispiranjeuπiju, stetoskop, 2 aparata za merenje pritiska, πpatule, lampice zapregled grla, beli Ëarπavi, mantili za osoblje, klompe, "amba" samaskama i tubusima, laringoskop, defibrilator, stomatoloπki materijal,lekarska torba...;• 1 sanitetsko vozilo;• oformiti mini laboratoriju;• namirnice: sveæe voÊe, povrÊe, meso, mleko;• odeÊa i obuÊa: tube Ëoje za πivenje zimske garderobe, balon svila zaletnju garderobu, zaπtitne rukavice, radna odela, cokule.

CIP - Katalogizacija u publikaciji

Narodna biblioteka Srbije, Beograd

364.65-053.2/. 6 : 061.235 ( 497.11 ) “ 2000 / 2001 ”

POLOÆAJ dece u ustanovama socijalnezaπtite u Srbiji / [podatke prikupili MilenaLukiÊ ... et al.]. - Beograd : Jugoslovenskicentar za prava deteta, 2001 (Beograd :Dedraplast). - 98 str. : 28 cm

Tiraæ 500. - Str. 4: Predgovor / Nevena VuËkoviÊ ©ahoviÊ. - Str. 5: Uvod / LjubomirPejakoviÊ.

ISBN 86-83109-14-3

a) Ustanove socijalne zaπtite za smeπtaj dece

i omladine - Srbija - 2000-2001

ID=92109580

The Situation Of Children In Institutions

Of Social Care In Serbia

Yugosalav Child Rights CentreBelgrade, May 2001.

Published by

YUGOSLAV CHILD RIGHTS CENTREZmaj Jovina 25/5, Belgrade, Yugoslavia

For the publisherLJUBOMIR PEJAKOVI∆, Director

Translated byTAMARA RODWELL-JOVANOVI∆

Design & LayoutOMNIBUS, Belgrade

PhotographsMARIJA MILINKOVI∆

Printed byDEDRAPLAST, Belgrade

Circulation250

ISBN86-83109-15-1

We would like to express our thanks to the Canadian Embassy in Belgradefor its assistance in the publication of this book.

CONTENTS

FOREWORDINTRODUCTIONABOUT THE REPORT

INSTITUTIONS FOR CHILDREN AND YOUTH WITHOUT PARENTAL CARE• Cumulative Table• "Angelina - Gina KojiÊ", Home for children and youth without parental care, Zrenjanin• "Vera BlagojeviÊ", Home for children without parental care, Banja KoviljaËa• "Vera RadivojeviÊ, Home for children without parental care, Bela Crkva• "Dr Milorad PavloviÊ", SOS Children's Village, Sremska Kamenica• Youth Home, Novi Sad• "Duπko RadoviÊ", Home for children and youth, Niπ• "Jefimija", Home for children and youth without parental care, Kruπevac• "Kolevka", Home for children, Subotica • "Miroslav - Mika AntiÊ", Home for children and youth, Sombor• "Dr. Miroslav Stupar" Home attached to the Centre for Social Work, Valjevo• "Mladost" Home attached to the Centre for Social Work in Kragujevac• "Olivera - Verica –ureviÊ", Home for children and youth without parental care, Vranje• "Petar RadovanoviÊ", Home for children and youth without parental care, Uæice• "Spomenak", Home for children and youth without parental care, PanËevo• "Stanko PaunoviÊ", Home for children and youth without parental care, Negotin • "Hristina MarkiπiÊ" Home for children and youth without parental care, Aleksinac• Home for children and youth without parental care attached to the Centre for Social Work, ∆uprija• Centre for the protection of infants, children and youth

- Infirmary for Mother and Child, Belgrade- "Dragutin FilipoviÊ-Jusa" Home for children and youth, Belgrade- "Moπa Pijade" Home for children and youth without parental care, Belgrade- "Jovan JovanoviÊ-Zmaj" Home for children and youth without parental care, Belgrade- "Drinka PavloviÊ" Home for children and youth without parental care, Belgrade- Home for secondary school pupils and student youth, ZveËanska 52, Belgrade

HOMES FOR CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES*• Home for children with disabilities, Veternik• Home for children with disabilities, Kulina, Aleksinac• Home for girls with disabilities in the Sveta Petka monastery• Home for children with disabilities, SremËica• "Nikola ©umenkoviÊ" Special Institution for children and youth, Stamnica• Centre for daycare and the accommodation of children with disabilities

- Boarding home for deaf children, Belgrade- Daycare for autistic children, Diljska- Daycare for children and youth with autism, “Kornelije StankoviÊ”- Daycare for mentally retarded children and youth, ©ekspirova- Infirmary for children and youth suffering from autism, Zemun

INSTITUTIONS FOR THE EDUCATION OF CHILDREN AND YOUTH• Home for the education of youth, Knjaæevac• Institution for the education of youth, Niπ• Institution for the education of youth, Belgrade

CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION AND JUVENILE PRISON• Correctional institution, Kruπevac• Juvenile prison, Valjevo

456

710121416181822242628303234363840424446464850525456

596264646668707072747678

81848688

919294

* The titles of Institutions are given in their original form indicating the still prevailing attitudes towards disabilities.

FOREWORD

The Yugoslav Child Rights Centre has been monitoring the situation in social careinstitutions providing accommodation for children in Serbia for several years. Until theautumn of the year 2000, our activities in children's homes were reduced to monitoringand, occasionally, to certain small-scale activities. Co-operation with the then Ministryof Labour, Veterans' and Social Affairs was reduced to a minimum, which we,nevertheless, considered to be a success at that time. In the given circumstances, wewere not allowed to inform the public about the real situation in children's homes, asthat would have resulted in our being denied further access to the users.Fortunately, the changes that occurred in October 2000 led, primarily, to thecommencement of a process of revelation in this domain. Pictures from some of thehomes were broadcast on TV and appeared in the press. The local and foreign publicresponded swiftly, offering assistance in solving urgent problems.Most of the donors addressed the Ministry. However, many questions reached ourCentre as well. Since this problem was also within the realm of our activities in the past,we decided to take certain steps, the first being to establish contacts with the "new"ministry. Representatives of the Yugoslav Centre for Child Rights addressed MinisterGordana MatkoviÊ, proposing that closer co-operation be initiated between thisorganisation and the Ministry. We were extremely pleased to see that we were nowcommunicating with a different kind of ministry. In the discussions that followed, wedecided that the first step in accomplishing long-term objectives regarding children'shomes in Serbia was to establish what the real situation in the institutions was.As a small and mobile organisation, we were soon able to organise an expert team, tovisit all the children's homes in two months and note down the details of the relevantfindings. We reached an agreement with the Ministry swiftly and easily, and decided tolaunch the survey immediately. That is how it started. In order to obtain data about thestatus of children in children's homes, we established specific indicators, which wereto serve as the basis for our work. Below is a presentation of the results the teamachieved.The results given here are significant for two reasons. The first is related to short-termobjectives - urgent aid to the occupants of the homes, consisting of food, clothing,medicines, upgrading professional capacities and renovation of facilities. The secondone relates to long-term objectives which are to be achieved on the basis of the specificpolicy, which will be developed and implemented. In addition to the field surveyresults, this report will also present certain frameworks designed by us for developingpolicy in this domain.We consider that it is extremely helpful to make the results of this survey accessiblealso through a specific computer programme, and that this will make it possible to loadand process additional data, based on the newly created situation.As a non-governmental organisation we are particularly pleased to be able to make ourcontribution, together with state representatives, to the efforts aimed at making theworld a better place for children, particularly for those who have always been on themargins of life.We are deeply grateful for this survey and this Report to our friends Sanne Andersen(The Embassy of Denmark) and Deborah McWhinney (The Embassy of Canada), withoutwhose financial aid and genuine understanding it would have been impossible toimplement this project.We also wish to express our gratitude to the members of the team who agreed to dothis difficult task and who performed it very professionally.

Nevena VuËkoviÊ ©ahoviÊProgramme Director of the Yugoslav Child Rights Centre

4

INTRODUCTION

There are three types of institutions for children and the youth in the system of socialcare of Serbia, which are under the jurisdiction of the Republic, i.e. the Ministry ofSocial Affairs. These are:

- institutions for children and youth without parental care,- institutions for children with disabilities,- institutions for the education of children and youth (providing accommodation for

children with behavioural disorders or children in conflict with the law).

In addition to this, there are two more institutions, which are under the jurisdiction ofthe Ministry of Justice:

- Correctional institution in Kruπevac,- Juvenile prison in Valjevo.

The Social Care Act in Serbia stipulates that local authorities may establish institutionsserving as day-care for children and youth with disabilities.

The major problem of all the institutions for the accommodation of children and youthis their financial status. The long-term degradation of the country, the poorlyadministered welfare policy and many other reasons have led to the seriousimpoverishment of these institutions. The lack of essential means calls into questionnot only the quality of the lives of the children in institutions, but also their survivaland development.

In this set of circumstances, it is difficult to speak about the quality of upbringing andeducation, the preparation of the children for their return to the natural environment,teaching them to take care of themselves independently, etc.

So far, a number of large-scale humanitarian drives have been organised in Yugoslavia,independently or in collaboration with the Ministry of Social Affairs, with the aim ofurgently alleviating the effects of the children's impoverished material status. Thecampaign to provide relief for children without care in Yugoslavia has a far-reachingobjective whose purpose is to enhance the level of public solidarity, i.e. responsibilityfelt by each individual for vulnerable citizens in this country.

The project undertaken by the Yugoslav Child Rights Centre, carried out with theconsultative assistance of the Ministry of Social Affairs is one more in the series ofdrives aimed at improving the material and social status of children in this country.

However, humanitarian aid as well as all that has been done so far or that will be donein the near future, is only the first step and the basic prerequisite for bringing about anessential change in the situation of children, not only in institutions, but in the overallsystem of welfare and social child care.

Ljubomir PejakoviÊDirector of the Yugoslav Child Rights Centre

5

6

ABOUT THE REPORT

This Report on the Situation Of Children In Institutions For Social Care In Serbiais the result of work done by an interdisciplinary team comprising experts andassociates from the YuCRC, the Ministry of Social Affairs and the Ministry of Health ofthe Republic of Serbia.

The team consisted of: - Milena LukiÊ, psychologist;- Beba –uraπkoviÊ, architect;- Duπan PaËiÊ, civil engineer;- dr Rada ∆uÊuz, M.D.;- Jakov KneæeviÊ, cameraman;- Suzana MiliËiÊ, YuCRC associate;- Slaana VorkapiÊ, YuCRC associate.

The team was composed in this way in order to establish all the essential aspects ofthe living conditions of children in institutions.

The data was collected on the basis of semi-standardised interviews, that wereconducted with the managers of the institutions, the members of the professionalteams and the other staff in the institutions.

In addition to this, an assessment was made of the condition of the buildings andequipment, based on personal inspection and documents, and all the material issupplemented with film footage and photographs.

The survey of the situation involved the following aspects:- the state of the buildings, installations and equipment;- the premises where the children live and spend their time;- education and up-bringing;- health care and meals;- clothing and footwear.

Apart from presenting a description of the situation, each segment gives a list ofpriority needs of the institution as well as the requirements of the institution as awhole. This Report includes film footage on each institution, which has been edited bythe YuCRC, for a documentary film. Also, a large collection of photographs was taken.

The whole set of data has been entered in the YuCRC data base.

While the team was paying visits to the institutions and writing this report, certaininternational organisations joined a drive to give donations to a number of institutionson the basis of information provided by the YuCRC and the relevant ministry, whichincluded either humanitarian aid or financial investments (e.g. Stamnica, Kulina, BanjaKoviljaËa, etc.).

The survey, the drafting of this report and its printing took place in the period fromJanuary 22 till May 31, 2001.

Institutions for children and youth without parental care

8

Institutions for children and youth without parental care

The accommodation of children without parental care in institutions of social care isone of the basic modes of providing for these children in Serbia. According to the latestdata, there are about 2,000 children living in 17 institutions for children withoutparental care.

At present, Serbia has about 5,000 children without parental care who areaccommodated with the families of their closest relatives, foster families or homes forchildren and youth without parental care.

The Social Care Act stipulates that the following children are entitled to accommodationin welfare institutions:

1) children without parents, children whose parents are unknown or have disappeared, and children whose parents do not exercise their parental rights and duties for any reasons whatsoever, either temporarily or permanently;2) children whose development is impaired by family conditions as a result of which their parents are unable to provide them appropriate conditions for their development.

The most natural environment for children who have been left without parents, orwhose parents cannot take care of them for whatever reason, is that of their closestrelatives. This is why the first stage in finding adequate accommodation for a childwithout parental care is the effort to provide him/her with shelter in the family ofhis/her closest relatives, who thus become his/her guardians (there is no accurate dataon the number of children without parental care who have been accommodated withthe families of their kin).

A characteristic of the organised social protection of children without parental care inSerbia is the parallel development of a system of institutional care (homes for children)and alternative care (accommodation of children with foster families). The number ofchildren covered by these forms of care has been balanced for a rather long time.Currently, there are more than 2,000 children in the homes and in foster families.

As a result of unresolved problems in the field of the social rights of foster families,lately, the motivation of foster families and individuals to join the system of fosterfamilies has dwindled, although the promotion of this concept of child care has beenthe subject of extensive activities over the past period. Promotion of this form of childcare is part of a broader campaign for the general recognition of the concept ofalternative forms of child care, which should be one of the basic trends in thedevelopment of social protection for children without parental care in the forthcomingperiod.

The seventeen institutions for the accommodation of children without parental careencompass 23 individual homes: one institution has six homes, another has twohomes, and there are eleven special homes and four homes that are attached welfarecentres. Apart from differences in the manner of organising the institutions, the homesdiffer also in other characteristics: their premises (depending on the time when theywere built and whether they were built specifically for that purpose); the organisationof work, which often depends on the organisation of the premises; equipment whichdetermines the category of children that can be provided with appropriate protection(e.g. only two homes have the conditions required for accommodating the youngestchildren) etc.

In collaboration with the relevant centre for social work, the role of the home as anorgan of social care is to provide social protection, health care, education and legalprotection for each child. There is no verified programme of educational work that canensure uniformity of the education process and facilitate the process of training newteachers for the job.

Any accommodation in the institution is considered as temporary and it terminatesafter the elimination of the reasons for which the child was admitted to the institution.Accommodation for children without parental care terminates when they can go backto their families, or when a more favourable measure of social protection is available(adoption, relocation to a foster family or to relatives, or to another welfare institution),or at the end of schooling, or vocational training.

If the child does not go back to his/her family, or if no other social care measure hasbeen applied, the child leaves the home after attaining his/her majority and obtainingsuitable professional qualifications, respectively, because that is considered as thebasis for leading an independent life. However, this assumption is rather unrealistic inmany cases, because the general poverty that prevails in this society makes itimpossible to ensure any certain prospects or a quality start in life for the child who isin the "leaving programme" (for instance, providing a job, continued schooling orsolving accommodation problems).

A rather conspicuous feature of the structure of the children in these institutions in therecent period has been the increasing number of children with impaired mentaldevelopment and children who lag behind in school. The result of the increasednumber of children with slight mental disabilities and children who are unsuccessful inschool is an essentially different social picture relating to education as compared towhat it was in the former period, and this has significantly affected the quality of theprocess of education.

Homes accommodate approximately 30 percent of children with slightly impairedmental capacities, although there are several institutions where they account for asmuch as 50% of the total number of children who are provided with care. Consequently,education and the day to day functioning of the homes have become rather difficult,and fail to yield good results in working with children who have normal intellectualabilities or with those who have special needs.

If necessary, children accommodated in homes are provided with health care in healthcentres and special institutions. All the children have social insurance. Homes forchildren without parental care do not have their own health services, although themajority of them each have a nurse on the staff. The nurses are responsible for healthand hygiene education, supervising the health of the children and administering thetherapy prescribed by the doctor.

The greatest problem confronting the institutions is obtaining medication that cannotbe found in the pharmacies. Meanwhile, all of the homes are short of money forpurchasing medicines.

International humanitarian organisations do not organise individual donations in theform of medicines, as a result of which the management of the homes are faced withan insurmountable problem when it comes to obtaining medication drugs or money fortreating children with serious diseases.

9

10

CUMULATIVE TABLE 1Homes for children and youth without parental care in Serbia

11

Remarks:1) The "Kolevka" Home in Subotica has an infirmary with the biggest ward for children with development risks andchildren with disabilities (120). All of the children are aged between 0 and 7 years.2) The Infirmary for mothers and children in Belgrade is intended for new-borns and children aged up to three years.The infirmary includes a ward for children with development risks and for children with disabilities (with a capacityof 50 places).

The home was built on a site that is very inconvenient for its purpose - at the intersection of two very busytraffic arteries. Due to the ruined state of the entire structure and its inadequacy, one of the management'ssuggestions was to relocate the home to a more suitable place, if possible.If not, complete reconstruction will be necessary.In some rooms in the basement, there is moisture. The facade is dilapidated and the interior requirescomplete restoration, from the walls and floors to the furniture and equipment (beds, cupboards, shelves,tables, chairs) all of which are in a catastrophic condition. Owing to the lack of space, the children's roomsare overcrowded. There is no kitchen or dining room in the building, so the kitchen and the dining roomof the adjacent boarding house are used. There is an enclosed passage, linking the two buildings.

• relocation to a more suitable place or complete restoration;• completely new equipment and furniture;• extension or upgrading of the existing boiler room;• solution to the problem of moisture in the basement;• new woodwork;• new sanitary installations.

12

The home for children and youth in Zrenjanin provides accommodation for children without parental careand has a boarding home for secondary school pupils. The capacity of the home for children withoutparental care is 60, or five educational groups. The institution accommodates 58 children, among whom32 are elementary school pupils and 22 are secondary school pupils. There is one student in the home,two beneficiaries attending a professional qualification course, and a child of kindergarten age. Among thechildren accommodated in the home, there are 27 children with impeded intellectual development.Traditionally, this home houses a large percentage of children with slightly impaired mental developmentbecause the home was established after closing down the Institution for the Education of Children WithSlightly Impaired Mental Development, and also because there is a possibility for them to have a completeeducation in a special school in the city.The home employs seven teachers, a social worker and a psychologist, which is in accordance with theprofessional work standards that apply to institutions of social protection. The home has a teacher co-ordinator in charge of education.

The home accommodates 58 children, while its total capacity is 60 places. The homealso has an admission department with a capacity of 8 places. It providesaccommodation for children aged between 3 and 18 years, while the majority of thechildren are aged between 7 and 14 years. A characteristic problem of this home is thelarge number of children with slightly impaired mental abilities (27).Apart from accommodating children without parental care, the home also providesboarding school accommodation for secondary school pupils (230 pupils in theboarding school, which shares the premises with the home)

Architectural and structural conditions

Educational work and the structure of the staff

Priorities:

1 Home for children and youth without parental care“Angelina Gina KojiÊ”, ZrenjaninCara Duπana 4, 23000 Zrenjanin • Telephone: 023-561-467 • Fax: 023-534-840

The work on education is organised in groups with a heterogeneous composition, and each group has itsteacher. When determining what group a new child is to join, the elements taken into consideration arethe composition of the group and the potentials of the child to develop its abilities in the group in the bestpossible manner.The work on education is programmed according to the elementary domains of education. Full attentionis paid to studying, and also to the children's creativity, as well as to satisfying their specific interests andthe development of their skills in extra-curricular activities. Education in terms of developing work habitsconsists of assigning regular tasks in the home.The home maintains well-developed co-operation with local educational and medical institutions, and stepsare taken to remove the possible disorders in the development of each child.This home for children has along tradition in the city, and it takes part in the activities and events organised for children. The homehas also had media coverage.

The home has two nurses who give medical and hygiene training as an aspect of medical and hygieneprevention, supervise the children's health and monitor their hygiene. They co-operate directly withmedical institutions and provide medical treatment for the children in the home.

The home co-operates closely with medical institutions in respect of preserving and improving the physicaland mental health of the children and their medical treatment.

The meals in the home regularly include meat and fish.

Views of the staffRelocation of the home to a more suitable location

The home should be relocated to a more suitable location.The management and the staff consider that the existence of the home is justified, however theyemphasise that the admission of children with minor mental disabilities should be limited as this has anadverse effect on the work to bring up the other children with normal intellectual capacities.

Health care, meals, clothing and footwear

Priorities:• a weight and height measuring unit;• medicines (mainly antibiotics, ephthyl, contraceptives);• a pastry-mixer;• fresh fruit and vegetables;• new footwear for the children, for all seasons• a transport vehicle for the children (mini van).

13

Priorities:• education of teachers for working with children with special needs;• a nurse in accordance with standard requirements;• increasing the number of teachers to 12 (two for the admission

department, two for the night shift, and two more for each other shift);

• a computer and training for using computers;• training for practical work with children who have behavioural and

adolescence-related problems, as well as in topics dealing with the prevention of diseases of addiction.

The block consists of two buildings - one (A) of 990 square meters and the other (B) of 600 square meters.Both structures were built in 1983.The external appearance of the buildings is satisfactory but the interior and the equipment in the homeare in very poor condition.The outer windows are dilapidated, twisted, do not close properly, and need to be replaced. The mainentrances of both buildings need to be repaired or replaced. The roof on building "A" leaks and needsrepairing.The kitchen and the dining room in building A are inadequate. A separate building should to be built forthis purpose.Both buildings need to be repainted inside. The floors and doors in the buildings are completely ruinedand need repairing or replacing.The furniture in the rooms and particularly in the day rooms is useless or non-existent. Completely newfurniture: beds, cupboards, shelves, tables, chairs, as well as bed linen are required. The bathrooms have partly been repaired, i.e. some toilet bowls and the ceramic tiling have been changed.New doors are also needed in them, and the remaining necessary repairs should be completed.

Home for children without parental care"Vera BlagojeviÊ" Banja KoviljaËaVojvoanskih brigada bb, 15316 Banja KoviljaËa • Telephone: 015-818-395 • Fax: 015-818-395

• completely new furniture in the dormitories and day rooms (beds, cupboards, tables, chairs);

• new outer windows, entrance doors and the doors inside the buildings;

• to erect a separate facility for the kitchen and dining room;• roof repairs on building A;• a large circulation pump for the heating system, and the repair of

all the radiators.

14

The home for children in Banja KoviljaËa was established after World War II, as a home for war orphans. In1984, the home moved into the premises of a new building, specially constructed for this purpose usingthe resources of the "Solidarnost" Fund (with the donor participation of the former beneficiaries of the home).The capacity of the home is 60 places or 5 educational groups, and currently, there are 62 children in it.Eight teachers and one pedagogue provide education. One teacher is an olygo-phreno-pedagogue who isa member of the professional team because of the high percentage of children with mental disabilities. Avacancy for a psychologist has been advertised for a rather long time. The post is necessary for planningand carrying out individual care (in other words, for supplementary diagnostics that subsequently enablethe pedagogue to determine the appropriate educational method), for children with emotional disorders,and disorderly habits, etc.The difficulty that arises in providing education in this home is due to the relatively high percentage ofchildren coming from sub-cultural communities, where education does not have a high rating in the systemof values, who quit schooling in the higher grades of elementary school.

There are 62 children without parental care living in this home, which has a capacityof 60 places. The majority of the children are aged between 7 and 14 years (two thirdsof them). The home accommodates 20 children with slight mental disabilities.



Priorities:

2

Two years ago, the relevant ministry issued instructions for the children in educational groups to be of thesame age. The staff in the home consider that the organisation of work according to groups of the sameage hinders younger children from learning the rules of family life and communicating with representativesof a different age group.Children attend the elementary school in Banja KoviljaËa, and the secondary school in Loznica, whichmeans they have to travel a distance of six kilometres.The home is in pleasurable surroundings, however, the proximity of the state border creates problems insupervising the older children, since they travel to school in Loznica, and may often be tempted toestablish social contacts of a risky nature.The home is always filled to capacity and its existence will be needed in the foreseeable future, as well.

One of the difficulties in providing basic health care for the children is the distance from the Loznica HealthCentre, which is responsible for providing health care for the children. A nurse has been employed in thehome for quite a long time. She is responsible for carrying out health and hygiene preventive measuresand supervising the state of health of the children.The home provides three meals for the users, while younger children also get snacks. The basicshortcoming in their nutrition is fresh fruit and vegetables do not feature regularly in meals.There is a good supply of clothing and footwear for the children, as well as hygiene items and schoolstationery, because the items are provided through regular donations from humanitarian organisations.

Views of the staffSupport for the children leaving social care

The teachers in the home require livelier co-operation with other institutions of the same type. One of theirideas is to have expert teams stay in the home where they would give a practical demonstration of theirmethod of work.The staff consider that the existence of the home is justified despite the fact that there is a well-developedfoster care system in the region.The view of the staff is that the preparation of the children for leaving the home is incomplete, and thatthe children are emotionally over-protected and that leaving the home is a traumatic event especiallybecause there is practically no external support.


Priorities:

Priorities:• a psychologist;• increasing the number of teachers according to standards, because

one teacher per group cannot cover the activities during the weekend;

• employing a nurse in accordance with the standards.

• basic medicines for the portable pharmacy;• foodstuffs: meat and fish paste, milk, honey, fruit, vegetables, meat;• footwear for children for all seasons, underwear, socks, trainers,

tracksuits.

15

The block of facilities in Bela Crkva dates back to 1900. It was reconstructed in 1989. It consists of fourbuildings around an inner, quadrangle of an area of approx. 1,000 square meters.Generally speaking, the buildings are in good condition, except the ground floor building (III) in the yard,where moisture from underground waters has appeared. Therefore, new hydro insulation must be installedand the complete repair of the walls, particularly in the day rooms and recreation hall, is necessary.It is possible to build one more storey with a sloping roof and roofing tiles atop the ground floor building(II) that has a flat roof in order to provide more room for the accommodation for the existing number ofchildren. The space in the attics in buildings (I) and (II) could also be used to expand these capacities.

Home for children without parental care"Vera RadivojeviÊ", Bela CrkvaJovana CvijiÊa 1, 26340 Bela Crkva • Telephone: 013-853-021 • Fax: 013-853-145

• resolving the problem of moisture in the ground floor building;• renovation of the recreation hall and day rooms.

16

The Bela Crkva home for children was established in 1960.The home is situated in the centre of the town; however, this is no threat for the children while theyengage in their activities because the building and the courtyard of the home have ample space. Thecapacity of the home is 120 places (10 educational groups), and the number of children accommodatedthere is 107 (9 educational groups). The majority of the children are of elementary school age because thecity provides only modest conditions for secondary school education.The vacated space of one educational group is being rented out to athletes who use it for theirpreparations, and this has been an income generator for the home. The home also earns income byproviding laundry-washing services for certain institutions, and from a mini bakery situated in the home.There is a plan for launching other activities that are expected to generate additional income. Additionalrevenues have made it possible to maintain the standard of living of the children at a time burdened byirregular payments from the budget of the Republic earmarked for the care of the children.The home accommodates 37 children with slightly impaired mental capacities, who attend special classesin the elementary school. After completing elementary school these children are either transferred toanother home in order to continue their education, or they are trained in the town, where they attendcourses for simple occupations, because there is no secondary or special school in the town. If there is aninsufficient number of pupils, no special classes are formed for each grade of elementary school, and thisaffects the admissions capacity of this home.

The home accommodates 107 children without parental care, while its capacity is 120places. The majority of children are aged between 7 and 14 years, and there are sevenusers aged above 18 years. The problem affecting the concept of work is the increasednumber of children who are slightly mentally disabled (currently 37 of them), as wellas the fact that there are two children in the home, whose mental capacities aremoderately impaired.



Priorities:

3

Educational work is organised according to the principle of homogenisation of the educational groupsaccording to age. Each group has its own separate space, which is marked in a specific way (name, methodof space arrangement).The number of employed teachers corresponds to standards. The teacher of an incomplete educationalgroup organises educational work. There is only a social worker to carry out the work of a professionalteam. The home has advertised a vacancy requiring a psychologist for quite a long time.The planning and organisation of education in this home, like in others, is based on the Principles ofEducation in the Homes for Children and Youth Without Parental Care adopted by the Education Council ofSerbia and the Instructions for the activities of professional workers in the field of education in boardinghomes for pupils.A characteristic feature of education is to prepare the children for living in a family and train them toperform household tasks, which is done by means of joint activities in the home, extracurricular activities,work duties (work in the kitchen, arranging the environment, work with handymen).Great importance is attached to sports. A former teacher, the PE teacher, athletes and the sportsorganisations that it has been co-operating with assist the home in this respect. The children are wellreceived by the local community, and evidence of this is the fact that many children find jobs in the townafter leaving the home, and many of them get married in the town.

A health centre, which is in the immediate vicinity of the home, provides general health protection for thechildren, and they are taken for specialised medical examinations to the hospitals in Vrπac and Belgrade.The home has obtained a van and a passenger car for the transport of children to the hospital centre.This home has managed to overcome the problems of medication shortages thanks to the support of theHemofarm pharmaceutical company from Vrπac, and the hospital for pulmonary diseases in Bela Crkva.The teachers and a nurse who works only part-time do supervision and training in hygiene. The nurse co-operates directly with medical institutions in the health supervision and the medical treatment of thechildren, and is responsible hygiene and health training, and monitoring the health of the children. Thereare no cases of chronic or serious diseases, among the children in the institution.

Views of the staffIncreasing market and business activities

Teachers need to exchange experience with colleagues from other homes, and update their knowledge.The further development of the institution requires a reduction in the capacities of the home to an optimallevel of between 80 and 90 children, a reduction in the number of children in each educational group, oran increase in the number of teachers or other staff who work directly with the children.The institution also plans to expand its market and business activities to bring benefits to the educationprocess, for the vocational training of the children, to earn income, and provide job opportunities for thechildren when they leave the home. In the plans at the level of the municipality and the Ministry of the Economy, the home is designated forthe cultivation of silkworms.The local community considers that the home should continue to function, and even though there areindividuals who are interested in fostering the children, the position of foster care is a demotivating factor.In order to solve the problems of the children in regard of being independent after they leave the home,the employees have offered to help the children establish contact with families of elderly people who haveno offspring.


Priorities:

Priorities:• a psychologist;• seminars for exchanging experience and additional training to

refresh and update knowledge;• training based on the "Help for Helpers" Programme - relaxation

exercises to alleviate fatigue.

• medicines: antibiotics, antipyretics, antimicotics, alcohol, Povidon, Chloramphenycol (1%, 5%), acido-borici, pregnancy tests;

• foodstuffs: honey, meat, margarine, meat and fish paste and processed meat products;

• kitchen equipment: a refrigerator;• clothing and footwear: trainers, socks, shoes, underwear, jackets

and tracksuits.

17

Children’s VillageThe block of the Children's Village consists of 13 standardised dwelling units, the main building with amultipurpose hall and administration offices, surrounded by an open space arranged for the childrenneeds.The standardised units and the main building were built in 1975, and are in excellent condition. Some weredamaged during the bombing in 1999, so all the 13 roofs were subsequently repaired. The kitchen in thebasement of one of the dwelling units does not meet the needs of the entire block and must be relocated.The interior and the interior furnishings are in excellent condition and very well maintained.

Youth HomeThis block consists of two buildings. Building "A" that covers approx. 600 square meters is in fairly goodcondition. The facade needs renovation, and the problem with the flat roof can be resolved by addinganother floor on top, with a sloping roof. The required documentation has already been completed. New windows have been installed.The interior is in a much worse condition. The inside doors need repairing or replacement, wherenecessary.The floors also need repairing and renovation. The bathrooms also require complete renovation and newequipment. All the furniture needs repairing or replacing, where necessary. Building "B", with the admission department, covering approx. 450 square meters, is in a much worsestate. Besides the complete renovation of the facade, all the windows need to be completely replaced. Theproblem with the flat roof could be resolved in the same way as building "A".The required documentation also exists.There is moisture in the bathrooms, which must be eliminated. The bathrooms need complete renovationand new equipment.Floors and walls also need restoration, as well as the bedrooms and day rooms. The complete replacementof the furniture is necessary.The kitchen and the dining room are inadequate and should be reconstructed within the same space. The walkways around the building, within the fenced area should be repaired, and the open playgroundpaved with concrete and made fit to serve its purpose.

SOS Children's Village, "Milorad PavloviÊ", Sremska Kamenica, and the Youth Home, Novi Sad KameniËki park 1-14, 21208 S. Kamenica • Telephone: 021-461-177, 461-871• Fax: 021-462-960

Children's Village• dislocation of the kitchen from the

dwelling unit and restoration.

Youth Home• reconstruction of the flat roof;• complete renovation of bathrooms;• replacement of all the furniture in

the bedrooms and day rooms.

18

The "Milorad PavloviÊ" SOS Children's Village also includes the Youth Home in Novi Sad.This institution used to be a full member of the International Children's VillageOrganisation. At present, this is the only children's village in Yugoslavia. The thirteen standard houses in the Children's Village accommodate 164 children (theirtotal capacity is 156), and the majority of the children (119) are aged between 7 and14 years. The Youth Home provides accommodation for 54 young people (its capacity is 60). Thehome also includes an admission department that can provide temporary shelter for 10children. This institution has 30 children with slight mental disabilities, and they areaccommodated in the Novi Sad home because of the proximity of the school. The SOS Children's Village owns four apartments in Novi Sad that are for children whohave left the home.


Priorities:

4

Priorities:• the organisational separation of the Children's Village and the Youth

Home;• transferring the admission department from the Youth Home facility

to a separate building which would be built in the yard of the home;• a psychologist;• 23 posts for nannies in the Children's Village;• training the qualified staff for group work;• training to introduce the children to learning methods;• training for work with slightly mentally impaired children, especially

for organising their spare time.

19

The institution of the SOS DeËje selo (Children's Village) consists of two organisational units for theaccommodation of children without parental care - the SOS Children's Village in Sremska Kamenica and theSOS Youth Home in Novi Sad.The SOS Children's Village was opened in 1975. For several years, it was a full-fledged member of theinternational SOS Children's Village organisation. In recent years it failed to satisfy the conditions for thismembership in the organisation because of its departure from the organisation's original principlesregarding the structure of its staff and because of differences in regulating the status of its employees.The SOS Children's Village has the support of the international SOS Children's Village organisation, whichhas been particularly evident in the last two years (support and material aid for keeping the children,renovating damaged facilities and equipment, expanding its housing and so on).The institution is unique because of the organisation of its premises, the method of housing and theorganisation of the children's life. The children live in 13 separate houses, surrounded by a park thatextends over an area of four hectares. Each house is a completely equipped apartment in which 12 childrenare accommodated like a family, and they make up an educational group. The groups are heterogeneousin age and sex. The children are aged from three to 20 years. Two houses make up one functional unit andtwo teachers take care of the children in them in shifts, as well as three housekeeper-nannies in eachhouse. In each of the shifts, there is a teacher and a nanny in the two houses, who share the duties ofcaring for the children. The teachers work with the children primarily in helping them to organise and dotheir homework and the nanny deals with the house chores, prepares the meals, and teaches the childrenhygiene habits. During the night, the nannies and the institution's security guards are with the children.The life in the Children's Village bears a closer resemblance to normal family life than all other forms ofinstitutional childcare.An entire professional team, which is periodically joined by two psychologists and a consultingneuropsychiatrist, work in the Children's Village.Education focuses on the creation of a cosy family atmosphere and learning about family life in which eachchild has its own place. The type of accommodation and organisation of life certainly contribute to this.The children attend school in the village or in Novi Sad, depending on the school they attend. The pre-school children go to kindergarten.The institution's other organisational unit is the SOS Youth Home in Novi Sad that houses older childrenwithout parental care, who attend secondary schools or training courses. After the bridges were destroyed,owing to the difficulties in travelling to the special school in the city, a group of slightly mentally disabledchildren of elementary school age was also housed in the Youth Home. The capacity of the institution is58 places or five educational groups in permanent accommodation, ten places in the admissiondepartment, and there is a day-care centre for 60 children of elementary school age on the premises ofthis home, which is financed by the City of Novi Sad.The activities of the home take place in two separate buildings, surrounded by parks and sports-grounds.The premises are arranged like a boarding school, which also has a bearing on the organisation ofupbringing.The number of teachers and the professional team comply with the regulations on professional work ininstitutions of social care.Considering the age of the children, attention is paid primarily to education, professional training andinvolvement in the broader social environment.Besides the education of the children, both organisational units place emphasis on the development of thechildren's individual abilities through the work of hobby groups, the public information media andparticipation in public performances. For several years, the institution has been issuing a newspaper calledPlatan.The SOS Children's Village institution has taken the first steps in helping young people, leaving the home,to become independent, by housing them in apartments. The institution has four furnished apartments forthe accommodation of students and young people who are starting off in jobs. There are plans to buy afarmhouse for training children in farmhouse tasks and gardening.


20

Health care for the children is provided in health centres (general health care) and in specialisedinstitutions. The teachers pay attention to health prevention and regular check-ups in co-operation withthe health centres.A trained nurse is primarily in charge of duties in the admission department in the home in Novi Sad. Thehome has engaged a neuropsychiatrist for prevention in the domain of mental hygiene.

Meals are adjusted to the needs of the children. The menu is arranged one month in advance, and thereare fruit, salad or cakes every day.

Clothing and footwear are mainly obtained through humanitarian organisations. The home usuallypurchases new clothes for pupils graduating from school.

Views of the staffThe construction of new Children's Villages

The staff consider that the most appropriate form of institutional care to meet the needs of children whohave no family to care for them is the Children's Village model. Consequently, this institution believesthat one of the courses of development in the system of the institutional child care is to build newchildren's villages.

Bearing in mind that the Youth Home in Novi Sad functions according to an entirely different concept, aproposal has been launched to separate these two institutions and for the Youth Home to become aboarding school institution for housing young people without parental care, for children of secondaryschool age and students. The home has premises that can be adapted into separate housing units foryounger children, who are slightly mentally retarded (groups of six to eight children), and for the attic tobe converted into rooms for students or young people who are leaving the home.There was a proposal to build a separate facility in the yard for the needs of the admission department,in order to provide hygiene and health protection and, if necessary, a quarantine, for special treatmentin the education of these children.The Children's Village plans to buy a farmhouse with a garden for the production of eggs, vegetablesand suchlike so that the children, who would be able to lead a life in a village, would learn to work andprepare for leaving.There is an idea for the home to open vocational or service workshops in its own or in hired premises,where the children from the home and from the city would practice working or be employed later, whenthey leave the home.


21

The building itself is in fairly good condition. The windows are distorted due to their own weight. Theyare mostly single glazing, 3-mm thick plain glass, which causes enormous heat losses. The windows andwindow frames need repairing or replacing and the glazing should be replaced with thermal glazing orperspex.There is no adequate hydro insulation in the bathrooms so moisture and leakages occur along the verticallines. It is necessary to restore the hydro insulation and some new piping should be installed.The furnishings in the bedrooms and day rooms have not been changed since 1984, and are completelyruined. New furniture is needed in them and the floors need repairing.The dining room was extended in 1999, but it cannot meet the intended capacity. The need exists foranother extension to be made to the kitchen, in the same way as the previous extension.

Home for children and youth"Duπko RadoviÊ", NiπDrinke PavloviÊ 4A, 18000 Niπ • Telephone: 018-716-168 • Fax: 018-714-137

• extension of the kitchen;• hydro insulation and replacement of installations in the bathrooms;• new furniture for the day rooms and bedrooms.

22

The "Duπko RadoviÊ" Home for Children and Youth is one of the first, specially built, family model homesand for several years it functioned according to this family concept and the teachers lived in the home withthe children. The home's capacity is 96 children (eight educational groups). Now, there are 101 childrenin accommodation, half of whom are of elementary school age. In addition, there are 17 children withmental disabilities. All of the children attend school, and two are students. An admission department wasopened for the children. The educational work used to be organised in educational groups according toage but, owing to bad experience, the home has gone back to the principle of organising the educationalgroups with mixed ages and other characteristics.The number of teachers corresponds to the home's work regulations and teachers have been employed forthe admission department. A social worker and a psychologist deal with the duties of professional socialwork.The number of professional staff directly involved in working with the children is not sufficient to coverall their needs or to fully control their activities and behaviour. The home insists on respect for house rulesas well as the daily organisation of work. The teachers focus primarily on supervising and keeping a recordof school work and less on the organisation of the children's spare time activities and work in hobby

There are 101 children in the home, and its capacity is 96 places. The home also hasan admission department with 10 places, where it temporarily accommodates thechildren. Six of the charges are over 18 years old. Seventeen of them are slightlymentally disabled but a characteristic problem in this home is that the majority ofchildren are borderline cases in terms of intellectual capabilities. The home has alsobeen providing shelter to refugees for several years, so that during all this time itscapacities have been over-extended by about 30 per cent.



Priorities:

5

groups according to their individual choice and affinities. Because the children's success in school work ispoor due to their lesser abilities or lack of interest in learning, insistence on study leads to the risk of themneglecting school and turning to undesirable forms of behaviour. The city environment of Niπ offers plentyof events and encounters that can lead to all sorts of temptation.In this home the question is always being raised about to how to encourage the children to respect houserules and obligations, and a system to reward them. It has already become a custom for the children tojoin up and live together when they leave the home.

Among the children in the home, some show signs of changes in their mental health and there is asignificant level of co-operation with the Institute for Mental Health. Health care is provided in the healthcentre and in specialised institutions, as required. On the basis of the medical documents and a medicalexamination of each child in the health centre when they arrive in the home a file is opened on each childand the state of his health is recorded.The home employs a trained nurse to supervise the state of the children's health and carry out preventivecheck-ups.The nurse, a doctor and professional staff from the Institute for the Protection of Health and the Institutefor Mental Health give the children health training.

International humanitarian organisations and, in some measure, the relevant ministry provide the homewith foodstuffs so that the children's needs are satisfactorily covered. Some of the food products arepurchased in shops and winter food preserves are prepared in the home itself.

The children's needs in clothing and footwear are also covered satisfactorily with regular supplies fromhumanitarian organisations.

Views of the staffThe reconstruction of premises as an infirmary for infants and children under five years of age.

The teachers consider that the institutional forms of taking care of children are still needed (in this homethe capacities are always full). It is possible to build an annex on the existing building and the city oncehad a plan for these premises to be an infirmary for infants and children under five years of age, for thesouth-eastern part of Serbia (its capacity could be up to 30 places).


Priorities:

Priorities:• increasing the number of professional staff to improve supervision of

the children;• opening two posts for trained nurses;• engaging eight more teachers to enable work to be done in shifts; • training for work with children with behavioural disorders;• writing professional handbooks for bringing up children in an

institution.

• medical equipment: a weight and height measuring unit, a blood pressure measuring kit, a stethoscope;

• underwear, socks and bed linen;• other necessary equipment: a washing machine and a tumble dryer,

a steam ironing press, boilers for the educational groups, heaters for a tipper, cookers and boilers, a boiler thermostat, heaters for the boiler, magnetic valves, switches, plugs, “nautilus” water taps.

23

This home for children without parental care was specially built for this purpose in 1955. It is a four-storeybuilding with an area 2300 square meters.Although renovated in 1987, generally speaking, it is in poor condition. The main problem is the plumbingand sewerage systems, which are partly ruined and so they should be completely reconstructed. Someparts of the facade wall and also of some interior walls through which the plumbing pipes and sewagepipes pass are totally ruined as a result of moisture, therefore repairs are necessary.The electrical installations also need reconstruction.The doors and windows are in a bad state and need to be repaired or replaced with new ones. The interior furnishings are fairly satisfactory. Beds, cupboards and tables need refurbishment; new chairsare needed. The bathrooms should be renovated and new equipment (toilet bowls, basins and showercabins) should be installed.The floors and walls are relatively good but need repairing in the parts where moisture occurs.

24

The "Jefimija" Home for Children is located in a quiet street in the town of Kruπevac. It has a spacious andwell-arranged garden. The home provides accommodation for 72 children (6 educational groups).Currently there are 73 children, 42 of whom are of elementary school age, 21 are of secondary school ageand the rest are either younger or older. About 20 children are mentally disabled. Eight teachers, a socialworker and a psychologist work with the children. All the staff work in three shifts to enable them to havecloser contact with the children in the evenings, but this results in longer intervals of two to three daysbetween contacts with the children. The number of staff who work directly with the children correspondsto the standards of social care in professional work, but not with the children's needs for contact. Acharacteristic of this home is that there are fewer, other employees and that besides working with thechildren the staff also have other work to do, in keeping with their particular interests and abilities.Efforts are made in the organisation of education to respect the needs of the children when they are placedin an educational group and so there have been no changes, such as creating groups according to the ageof the children. In respecting house rules and the rhythm of daily activities, attention is paid to theindividual abilities of the children. In order to cater for the children's individual affinities and abilities, there

There are 73 children in the home and its official capacity is 72 children. More than ahalf of the children are of elementary school age. There are 20 slightly mentallydisabled children. Many of them (39) have only one parent, and six of them haveneither parent.



Priorities:

6 Home for children and youth without parental care"Jefimija", Kruπevac Veselina NikoliÊa 51, 37000 Kruπevac • Telephone: 037-21-027 • Fax: 037-23-653

• reconstruction of plumbing, sewers and electricity installations;• refurbishment of interior furnishings;• renovation of bathrooms;• new windows.

are numerous hobby groups and it is also possible for them to take part in town organisations. It issometimes impossible to fulfill all their needs for additional activity because of the lack of materials orequipment. In order to give the children better preparation for life after they leave the home and findemployment, the children are trained to work on computers.The home is integrated in the life of the town; the children communicate with their peers and take part inthe town's cultural events.

After receiving their previous health documents and certificates of health, when the children arrive in thehome, like in any institution of social protection, the keeping of health records, prevention and generalhealth supervision are carried out through the health centre. Specialised medical examinations areperformed in the town or other health centres in keeping with the Health Service and Health Insuranceregulations. There are no children with serious health problems in the home. Health instruction is carriedout in co-operation with health institutions.

The regular practice is that meals are not prepared in the institution but are purchased in a specialisedorganisation for food production.

The children are mainly well supplied with clothing and footwear.

Views of the staffReconstruction of premises for the children's additional activities

The home has a good reputation in social care and the staff consider that its capacities will be full in theyears to come. There are no plans to change the capacity as optimal conditions have been ensured forthe life of the children in their present numbers. There are plans to adapt some of the premises foradditional activities (building plans and permits).


Priorities:

Priorities:• increasing the number of teachers to improve direct contact with the

children;• annual professional gatherings of psychologists and social workers;• two cycles of lectures for psychologists dealing with emotional

behavioural therapies;• training teachers about the problems of MNR children, characteristics

and methods of work with this category of child;• workshops connected with all the problems of school age children

(training teaching staff for workshops).

• foodstuffs: fresh fruit, meat, milk, processed meat products;• bed linen and towels;• other necessary equipment: a blackboard, balls, a basket, a seesaw

and swings for the playground, chemicals and paper for a photo-laboratory, textiles for handiwork.

25

In general the building is in good condition. The users have asked for the conditions to be improved, such as, forexample, an extension to the day room for the babies (within the building), the design of which has already been done.In to prevent the sewer from being frequently clogged, a new drainage connection should be installed from the kitchento the sewer.A direct exit from the laundry (in the basement) to the yard would make communication more functional. The openingof this exit is feasible.Besides the open playgrounds, within the complex of the children's home, there is also a special building called "theplayhouse". It is necessary to build an enclosed access to the playhouse from the main building and two sanitarycompartments. The documentation already exists for this adaptation.

Home for children “Kolevka”, SuboticaJaπe IgnjatoviÊa bb, 24000 Subotica • Telephone: 024-554-520 • Fax: 024-552-560

26

The "Kolevka" home has an almost century long tradition in providing accommodation for children without parentalcare, or children from disturbed homes.The home's current organisational concept is to function as an institution providing social and health care to childrenwithout parental care between the ages of 0 to 7 years, which means that part of the home is an infirmary. The infirmary(140 places) has a large rehabilitation department (120 places) providing care for children with developmental andhealth disorders. There are also 60 children whose psychophysical development, essentially, is not at risk, and 17 ofthem are aged between three and six years. The institution also has an admission department. There were plans to opena maternity home but since there was little need for that kind of accommodation, the idea was discarded.Bearing in mind the age and composition of the children, the staff structure is clear: half of them are trained nurses (66),nine are nannies with secondary medical school training, and there is a doctor (and they regularly co-operate andconsult the development counseling service attached to the medical centre).There is only one full-time defectologist to deal with the aspects of social work, pedagogy and psychology, and theother professional work is done in collaboration with the relevant institutions or by employing staff for services on acontractual basis. Maintaining a high standard of hygiene in nutrition and diet food requires a larger number of staff than foreseen in theregulations. The education programme for pre-school institutions is used in working with the healthy children and thiswork is done by two teachers and a defectologist. The normally developing children are provided with optimalconditions for social development and their adaptation in conditions outside the home (attending a kindergarten, takingpart in all children's events in the town). Special attention is paid to familiarising the children with family life (weekendvisits, primarily to the families of the staff, and to other families in the town).The institution pays a great deal of attention to encouraging the children with mental disabilities to join in the activitiesof the children who are developing at a normal rate.In order to preserve the standards that have been achieved, periodical training courses are needed for the staff onproblems and on working with children whose development is at risk, children with psychomotorial, sensory and healthdisorders and children without initial parental care, and to teach the staff exercises for relaxation.

There are 180 children under the age of seven years in this home. Although it is primarilyintended for the youngest children without parental care, there is also a rehabilitationdepartment for children whose development is at risk. The children are mostly aged from threeto seven years (102). There are 28 babies over one year old, and 50 children between the agesof one and three years.The number of seriously mentally impaired children is 35, moderately impaired - 15, andseverely impaired - 30. About 40 children have not yet been categorised because of their age.Fourteen children are semi-mobile, and 95 are immobile (from 0 to one year - 17, from one tothree years - 33, from three to five years - 39 and from six years - 6).



7

• a new drainage connection from the kitchen to the sewer;• a direct exit from the laundry into the yard;• an enclosed connection between the playhouse and main building.

Priorities:

The institution has a health service: a full-time doctor and 66 trained nurses. The health service is organised like ahospital. The home also has a dental surgery.The standard of health care and hygiene in this institution is high. The high demands require extraordinary efforts fromthe medical and nursing staff and this has resulted in some becoming invalids (seven of the nurses are occupationalinvalids and are now engaged in other jobs in the home).The maintenance of a high standard of hygiene in nutrition and diet nutrition requires a larger number of staff than theregulations prescribe.In this home, the children have five regular meals and because of the large number of small children there are also nightmeals. The children are given meat in their meals three times a week and they have fruit every day.


Priorities:

Priorities:• training the staff to work with children whose development is at risk;• a large number of medical workers because of the large number of meals, diet

nutrition, the need for maintaining hygiene;• a large number of trained nurses to care for healthy babies, for their

socialisation and activation as children;• a large number of workers in almost all fields to cover a 24-hour working day.

• PavloviÊ ointment (32 kg are used in a month), hypo-allergic lotion, feeding tubes, sterilising chamber;

• the creation of a genetic infirmary and a physiotherapy room because there are chronic patients in the institution;

• coloured uniforms for the staff;• monthly supplies of medicines that are difficult to obtain: Flixotide aerosol 50

mg - 11 small pumps, Salbutamol Aerosol - 15 small pumps, Aktiferin drops -20 small bottles, vitamin C - 110 boxes, Diazepam micro-enema 5 mg - 13 micro-enemas, Lasix ampoules - 34 ampoules, Aminofilin - 7 boxes, Sabril tablets - 30 tablets, Niripan - 45 ampoules, Eritromicin syrup - 22 bottles, Phenergan syrup - 12 bottles, Alfacet syrup - 20 bottles, Zorkaptil tablets - 12 boxes, Amoksiklan syrup - 8 bottles, Folan tablets - 3 boxes, physiological solution for infusions - 20 bottles, Brufen syrup - 50 bottles, paraffin oil - 16 litres;

• equipment in the kitchen: two sterilising chambers, food cart with a thermostat, a refrigerator for dairy snacks, bread slicer, pastry mixer, food strainer, fruit mixer;

• clothing for the children: cotton tetra diapers (5,000 a year), underwear, socks, bed sheets, flannel fabric, fine toweling fabric for sewing baby overalls;

• other necessary equipment: vacuum cleaners with an attachment for shampooing, equipment for a mini-laboratory, a sterilising chamber, a Harbart bath, highchairs, ultraviolet lamps, a washing- machine, steam iron, a lawnmower, an autogenous welding set, a cassette recorder, a Xerox machine, a music line, a camera, a film camera, various tools and a locksmith's vise.

27

Views of the staffTo reduce the capacity of the rehabilitation unit

The profile of this institution should remain the same but the capacity of the rehabilitation unit should bereduced in order to have more room to work with these children to stimulate their development (moreattention and more room for the children and the staff to move around).Bearing in mind the high level of co-operation among the social protection, health and educationalinstitutions in the city, it has been recommended that the institution increase the number of medical,nursing and educational staff. Psychological and pedagogical services may be obtained in co-operationwith the development counseling office, childcare and social welfare institutions or by employing staff ona part-time basis.• The institution intends to develop the practice of weekend foster homes in co-operation with the

Centre for Social Work.• According to the network of institutions of social care for the accommodation of users, the

"Kolevka" Home was entrusted with the administration of the building belonging to the former Institution for Education, in order to expand its capacities. The building is on the other side of the city, it has not been converted until now, nor has its purpose been fixed, which should be done in co-operation with this home, the Centre for Social Work in Subotica, the city administration and the relevant ministry.

The block of the children's home in Sombor consists of an administration building, a boarding house anda separate boiler house.The administration building is currently under reconstruction, which also includes converting some spacethat was previously used for a different purpose.In general, the boarding house facility is in good condition. The windows need repairs and reconstruction.Part of the facade needs repairing. The day rooms should be equipped with the adequate furniture, andthe beds and the cupboards in the bedrooms must be repaired.What this block really needs are various workshops (art, photo, carpentry) which could be arranged in thelofts (200 square meters) if they were to be suitably adapted.The area around the buildings should be cultivated and properly arranged. The basketball court should becovered with an asphalt layer; the football pitch lacks equipment.

• repair of windows on the boarding house;• new furniture (beds and cupboards);• adaptation of the lofts into workshops;• arrangement of the sports grounds.

28

This home is the only children's home in the northwestern part of Vojvodina. It was established in 1981,in the premises of what had previously been a home for children with behavioural disorders.The main characteristic of this home is the high percentage of children with minor mental disorders (55%,in other words 46 children), which is, nevertheless, lower than in previous years. The proximity of a specialschool, which has now been moved to another part of town, has had an impact on this situation. Thereadiness of this institution to admit children with mental disabilities and children with learning difficultieshas made this home popular in the system of social care so that it is always full to capacity (7 educationalgroups with 12 children in each).The number of staff employed in education is in keeping with standards - seven in-house teachers and twofor night duty, while there is only one welfare worker with many years of experience in dealing with thesocial, pedagogical and psychological aspects of this work. For a long time, the home has been unable tofill its other vacancy. It would prefer to employ a psychologist because of the large number of childrenwith emotional disorders, problems with maintaining hygiene and suchlike.The curriculum is planned in keeping with the basic fields of education, according to the pedagogical andpsychological principles that apply in working with children. For one year now, a handbook has been usedfor programming education procedures and the organisation of life and work in boarding schools, becauseno innovated programme exists for education in children's homes.

There are 83 children without parental care in the home that has a total capacity of 80places. These are mainly children of elementary school age (48) and secondary schoolage (30). The home is under great pressure to admit children. A characteristic problemis that more than half of the children belong in the category of slightly mentallydisabled children (46).



Priorities:

8 Home for children and youth“Miroslav Mika AntiÊ”, SomborRadoja DomanoviÊa 98, 25000 Sombor • Telephone: 025-450-744

The educational status of the children requires a great deal of individual work from the teachers in helpingthe children to learn.Because of the high percentage of children who are not successful in class, full attention is paid to extra-curricular activities which the children can choose according to their affinities, in which they can expresstheir abilities and experience a feeling of satisfaction with their achievement and success. The sports groupis the most popular and the staff intend to ask the municipal authorities for the use of the gym in the next-door yard (in the building of the former special school). The children are also members of sports clubs inthe town. The pleasant schoolyard area has made it possible for a gardening and ecology hobby group tofunction and the domestic science and art hobby groups are also very active.In order to create more opportunities for the children to go in for extra-curricular activities, there is also aplan to build a facility in the schoolyard for workshops and group work with the children.

The children's general state of health is satisfactory, but there are children with serious diseases. Theseare cerebral paralysis (1), epilepsy (1), tachycardia (1), celiac disease (1), and menstrual cycle disorder (1).Basic health care is provided in the health centre, and treatment for serious conditions is provided in thespecial infirmary and hospital in Sombor. Medication that cannot be found on the market is obtained in thehumanitarian pharmacy in Sombor.A large number of children have no basic hygiene habits and so this is one of the problems to which specialattention is paid in education.The general impression is that the children in this home are fairly well clothed.

Views of the staffPermanent supplementary training for teachers

The staff considers that due to the constant pressure to admit new children and the fact that it is theonly institution of its kind in the district, this institution should continue to exist.In order to improve their educational work, the teachers need to renew their knowledge in the domainsof psychology, pedagogy and work in education. In particular, they need additional knowledge forworking with mentally disabled children.


Priorities:

Priorities:• a psychologist for working with children with emotional disorders, as

well as an oligophrenologist because of the increased number of children with special needs;

• the construction of a facility for workshop and group activities with the children in the schoolyard, because of the intention to intensify work in hobby groups;

• training the teaching staff for working with mentally disabled children.

• medical material, a thermometer, cotton wool, sanitary towels, a First Aid kit, a sterilising chamber, a blood pressure measuring kit, a blood sedimentation stand;

• a vehicle (mini van) is needed for transporting the children;• foodstuffs: honey, tinned meat products, margarine, jam;• kitchen equipment: plates, knives and a pastry mixer;• periodical renewal of clothing, as well as bed linen and towels;• other necessary equipment: a computer, sports requisites, staff

uniforms.

29

After the earthquake in 1998, cracks appeared in the walls of the home and they need to be repaired.Otherwise, the general appearance of the building is very good. The windows are new, the premises areregularly repainted, the carpentry is in good condition, as well as the heating and other installations.Reconstruction is required in the bathrooms because the sanitary installations are worn out. Thecupboards in the bedrooms and day rooms also need repairing.The yard should be arranged as a multi-purpose playground, seeing that the home is located in the towncentre and there are no parks, nearby.

• repair of walls (cracked in the earthquake);• reconstruction of bathrooms;• reconstruction of yard as a multi-purpose playground.

30

The "Dr. Mihajlo Stupar" Home for Children and Youth functions as a home attached to the Centre for SocialWork in Valjevo and is located in the same premises, only in a separate building. The home has a smallcapacity and can cater for up to 24 children (two educational groups). All the children are from Valjevo andits neighbourhood. For many years, the home's capacity has satisfied the needs of this district for theaccommodation of children.Accommodation in foster families is poorly developed in the municipality. Only six children are housed inthis form of accommodation, four of them in the households of relatives. The conditions in terms of spaceand the number of teachers, which correspond to the standards of professional work in the domain ofsocial care requires direct work with the children, and the teaching groups are only formal. The numberof teachers makes it possible for one teacher to be in one shift, organising and supervising the children'sactivities. The fact that the premises are unified makes the home a cosy environment for all the childrenand for life to evolve in a family-like community. The children are able to learn the important obligationsof family life and family organisation. The teacher and the children themselves perform the whole task ofkeeping the rooms in the home tidy and clean, and during the weekend they prepare their own meals inthe kitchenette. The workers (a team of professionals and auxiliary services) from the Centre perform theinstitution's function of social care.Relatively few children without parental care are able to find employment after leaving the home.

The "Dr. Mihajlo Stupar" Home functions as part of the Centre for Social Work inValjevo. The capacity of this home is 24 places, and it currently houses 20 children,mainly of secondary school age. Half of all the children (10) have only one parent, andthree of the children are slightly mentally disabled.



Priorities:

9 Centre for Social Work “Dr Mihajlo Stupar”Home attached to the "Kolubara" , ValjevoSineliÊeva 48, 14000 Valjevo • Telephone: 014-221-114 • Fax: 014-220-305

As soon as it arrives, each new child's health condition is reviewed in the documentation and checked ina medical examination at the health centre. The teachers pay attention to the vaccination calendar,systematic check-ups and health and hygiene training. Humanitarian organisations used to be engaged toprovide preventive dental and preventive mental hygiene services.The staff regularly undergo health check-ups and the hygiene of the premises is checked. The children areessentially healthy. Treatment is provided at the health centre and in other institutions in the town, inkeeping with the health care and health insurance regulations.In the main, the children have sufficient amounts of clothing and footwear.

Views of the staffTraining for work with children with post-traumatic syndrome

The teachers stress the need for training in order to work with children with post-traumatic reactions,work with children with behavioural disorders, children with development disorders or children withimpaired abilities. The home's capacity satisfies the needs of the district, especially if foster care isdeveloped. If needed, it is possible to build an annex to the home (a construction project exists).


Priorities:

Priorities:• training for work with children with post-traumatic syndrome;• developing conditions for a better quality of life of the children when

they leave the home;• the development of fostering as a concept of social care for children

without parental care;• a cleaner is needed in the home so as to relieve the children and so

that some tasks can be done better (she would spend the other half of her working hours, working in the kitchen, which would relieve the teacher);

• a head teacher is needed in the organisation of education.

• foodstuffs: honey, fresh meat, fruit and vegetables, margarine;• bed linen, towels, underwear;• a dining table and chairs.

31

The home was built in stages. In 1987, the first stage was completed and then the occupants moved in.In 1991, the second stage was finished and the third is still under way. At present, only preliminaryconstruction works have been completed (on the third building). A new technological project is requiredfor the entire facility in order to re-arrange how the premises will be used and only then define thestructural conditions, woodwork, plumbing and electricity installations in the "third stage". This alsoimplies the need to plan the furnishing and equipment of the new premises.The kitchen does not meet the required standards. There is no storage space so that a suitable area in thebuilding must be found in the so-called "third stage". The existing sewage system is constructed in such away that the basement is often flooded (small or reverse slopes). A new sewage pipeline is needed for alength of 200 metres with suitable bedding and a connection to the lower points of the town network (forwhich conditions exist). The drainpipes on the diletations between the buildings and in the troughs on theroofs need to be renovated to prevent leaks in the roof.In the "third stage" of the facility, railings are to be installed on the balconies that are in need of repair.The furniture in the children's rooms is in fairly good condition except for the cupboards and shelves,which need repairing.

• completion of works on the so-called "third stage" of the facility;• construction of a new sewage pipeline (200 m) and a connection

to the lower points of the town network;• repair of cupboards and shelves in the children's rooms.

32

The "Mladost" Children's Home is situated on the fringes of the ©umarice Memorial Park, far away from theCentre for Social Work in Kragujevac.The home can cater for 60 children, in other words, five groups. At present it houses 54 children, dividedinto five groups. All the children attend class in the town schools.The number of teachers complies with the standards. But, the effort to fulfill the children's needs in all theaspects of education and health has led to fatigue among the staff.The problem of this home is that, according to the regulations, the Centre's professional team spends partof its working day doing social work for the home. As a result of being over-burdened with work in theCentre and due to its distance, the team's work is interrupted and it is unable, for instance, to maintain aconstant process of psychological treatment and keep records of this.The teachers in the home do work in three shifts and they are not in constant contact with the childrenfrom their educational groups. Although the educational groups have their premises, the teachers' work inshifts makes it possible to do direct teaching.Life for the children in the home is organised so as to resemble a family environment. A featurecontributing to this is the fact that this year the groups were reorganised according to age. The changehas only been in terms of space and it is formal. Previous ties have not been severed and the children'scommunication and movement among the groups is lively.

The "Mladost" Children's Home is attached, organisationally, as part of the Centre forSocial Work in Kragujevac. It is a rather small home (its capacity is 60 places) andaccommodates 54 children. More than half of all the children are of elementary schoolage (29). Twelve of the children belong to the category of children with mentaldisabilities. Twenty-one children maintain regular contact with their parents and 27 seethem periodically.



Priorities:

10 Children's Home “Mladost”attached to the Centre for Social Work in Kragujevac»ika Matina 9, 34000 Kragujevac • Telephone: 034-370-195

The teaching staff in the home need training, which requires the presentation of new techniques ineducational work and an exchange of experience with staff in other homes. The organisational linkbetween the home and the centre needs to be greatly improved because administrative and financial workfor the home is done in the centre and these services are not efficient.

When they are admitted to the home, the children bring with them their medical record. After undergoinga medical examination in the health centre, the children have medical files opened for them and, inaccordance with health regulations, close attention is paid to health prevention in education. The childrenreceive treatment in the health centre or at the clinic, as required. The home also has the conditions toprovide treatment.During the year 2000, there was a hepatitis epidemic, after which the sanitary inspection issued an orderto eliminate hygiene and sanitary problems.Food is not prepared in the home but in another organisation, which is not economical and makes itdifficult for the children to participate in the choice of meals.

Views of the staffSeparation of the home from the Centre for Social Work

The organisational link of the home and the Centre is also unsatisfactory because the home'sadministrative and financial work is done in the Centre and its services are inefficient.The transformation the home into a separate institution should be considered, given the problems of thehome functioning as a department, the number of children it cares for and the planned increase in itscapacity.In the local environment, the policy regarding the social care of children without parental care in thiscomplex organisation involves placing more emphasis on increasing the accommodation of children infoster family households and the more intense integration of the children from the home into the townenvironment by developing friendly relations with their peers, developing weekend foster care andpersuading people in the local community to provide children without parental care with betteropportunities to find jobs and suchlike.


Priorities:

Priorities:• to enable the continued work of the entire professional team and

constant psychological supervision of the children;• the training of staff in new techniques of educational work

(workshops);• organisational separation of the home from the Centre so the home

can function more efficiently;• employment of a store-house manager, an accountant to deal with

accounts and book-keeping, who would also train employees how to use computers, a caretaker/maintenance man, a nurse, a psychologist working full-time, and a pediatrician or general practitioner for a third of the working day.

• medicines: antipyretics, analgesics;• foodstuffs: honey, margarine, fresh fruit and vegetables, meat and

fish paste products;• kitchen equipment: refrigerators, an aspirator, a dishwasher, a

potato-peeling machine, a mincing machine;• underwear, slippers (plastic), tracksuits, trainers;• other necessary equipment: washing machine and tumble dryers,

clothes press, equipment and furniture, a sewing machine and a knitting machine for occupational training.

33

The building is in the central part of the town, and it is in good condition.The only problem is insufficient space in the kitchen (10 square meters), i.e. at present the kitchen doesnot meet the needs of the home. The documentation for the extension of the kitchen within the availablespace has already been prepared. The heating is good, but there is a request for the heating system of this home to be separated from theadjacent boarding house heating system.

• the extension of the kitchen;• the separation of the heating system from the adjacent boarding

house heating system.

34

The home in Vranje is in a building that was specially built for this purpose. Its premises are arranged forwork in educational groups. The building is technically linked to the neighbouring building, which is aboarding house for pupils (common heating system and kitchen) which creates difficulties because theboarding house for pupils closes down during school holidays. The capacity of the home is 72 children or6 educational groups. At present, it has 62 children in its care. The majority of the children are ofelementary school age and twelve of them are slightly mentally disabled.All the children attend school and co-operation between the home and the schools is very active to ensurethat the children complete their schooling and receive occupational training in keeping with their abilities.The number of teachers in the home corresponds to the standards and the professional team includes asocial worker and pedagogue. Lately, employing refugee colleagues from Kosovo (a psychologist, asociologist and a social worker) has assisted them. Otherwise, the home considers it necessary to increasethe number of staff who work directly with the children. The educational work in groups is organised soas to pay full attention to the needs of each child, and there has been no attempt to shift to a policy ofworking with homogenised age groups. The daily schedule, in other words, house rules, attends to theindividual needs of every child and is not rigidly imposed. Enabling them to work in some hobby group orin some town organisation supports the children's individual occupational interests. The children from the

The capacity of this home is 72 places, and 62 children are living in the home. Themajority of the children are of elementary school age (27) and many children (16) areover 18 years. Twelve of the children suffer from minor mental disabilities. Thebuilding is technically linked to the neighbouring building, which is a boarding housefor pupils, with which it shares the kitchen and heating system.



Priorities:

11 Home for children and youth without parental care“Olivera - Verica –oreviÊ”, VranjeMoπe Pijade 41, 17500 Vranje • Telephone: 017-21-703

home are well treated in the town and manage to find jobs and accommodation after leaving the home.The teachers need supplementary knowledge for working with mentally disabled children.

All the children in the home have health insurance and health care is organised and provided in the town'shealth institutions. The children do not have any major health problems and co-operation is excellent withthe Institute for Mental Health in the Medical Centre in Vranje, where some of the children receivetreatment regularly. Health and hygiene training is given in the home and there are drives at the town levelin the domain of health prevention.The institution considers that it is necessary to employ a trained nurse to give the children instruction inhygiene, supervise their health and apply treatment in the home.The needs in food, clothing, footwear, school equipment and hygiene items are satisfied thanks tointernational humanitarian organisations conducting independent or joint donor drives in co-operationwith the Ministry of Social Affairs. The children's standard of living is fairly good.

Views of the staffMore teachers for improving care for the children

The home provides good care for 72 children. If the kitchen is properly equipped, the institution will beable to function normally. The employment of a nurse and a psychologist, as well as teachers, will makeit possible to provide the children with better conditions for teaching, mental care and hygiene.


Priorities:

Priorities:• increasing the number of staff in direct work with the children

(supplementary teachers, a psychologist, a trained nurse);• training staff for working with children with special needs.

• shoes, trainers, jackets, jumpers, underwear;• other necessary equipment: a computer, cupboards for the children's

clothes, chests for footwear, TV cupboards.

35

The block is located in the central area of the town and consists of two structures - A and B. Structure Aincludes the administration offices, the kitchen with a dining room, and the recreation hall. Structure Bconsists of the day rooms and the dormitories.Besides the two buildings the open recreation grounds are on the same lot. The construction of one more storey and a loft atop building A has begun. Only the basic constructionwork has been completed so far and the structure has been "under construction" for several years, now. Itis necessary to complete the commenced work and begin using it.The existing part of building A - the dining room and recreation hall - has very poorly made metal windowswith single glazing, which need repairing.Building B was built in sections. The first section was completely renovated recently, and the remainingthree also need thorough restoration.An enclosed connection between the buildings A and B is absolutely indispensable. The thermal insulation of the buildings does not comply with the regulations and new insulation isrequired.The plumbing and sewage systems are ruined and their complete reconstruction has already been planned.There is an initiative for an extension to the children's home and its activities in the present location. Thisis yet to be approved by the city authorities.There is also a suggestion for the entire institution to be relocated farther away from the city centre, andto turn the existing facilities into a boarding house, which must arranged with the city planners.

36

The home for children and youth in Uæice has been in existence for several decades and is now located in abuilding that was specially built for this purpose in 1984. The organisation of the premises in the home isinadequate because the residential unit (three wings) is separated from the administrative building, where the

Although this home's capacity is 96 places, due to the reconstruction of one part of thefacility, there are 75 children living in the home, so that there are 21 vacant places.More than half of all the children are of elementary school age (42). There are 16children under the age of seven living in this home, which creates significant problemsbecause the facility consists of two buildings (and the small children need the teacher'sconstant supervision when going from one building to the other). There are 24 childrenwith minor mental disabilities.


Education and upbringing and the structure of the staff

Priorities:

12 Home for children and youth without parental care“Petar RadovanoviÊ”, UæiceNemanjina 52, 31000 Uæice • Telephone: 031-521-584 • Fax: 031-511-347

• rehabilitation and reconstruction of the residential premises in sections II and III of building B;

• the alteration of the storage space into a central laundry;• the restoration and reconstruction of studios and workshops;• the repair of the metal windows in the dining room;• the repair of the wooden windows in the reading room and library;• adaptation of the attic above the residential premises into an area

for social activities;• thermal insulation on the facades of all three sections;• repair of gutters and troughs; • arrangement of playgrounds;• replacement of the two boilers;• resolving the problem of heating and ventilation in the central

kitchen;• replacement of the broken fence and adding a new one all around

the yard.

gym, library and workshops etc. are located. This requires more staff than foreseen in the professional workregulations so as to be able to properly organise work with the children and supervise their movements andactivities. The gym, library and workshops are rarely used, as it is difficult to heat them.The children without parental care are accommodated in two wings (with a capacity of 96), and the third wingis a boarding house for pupils. The administration and general services are shared by the entire institution, andthe work of the teachers and their number corresponds to the professional work regulations that apply to thefunctioning of each unit.There are currently 75 children in the home, divided into eight educational groups. Each group is housed in aseparate area. The groups are fairly homogenised according to age, but this is gradually being abandonedbecause of the youngest children, their adjustment and need for protection. More than half of the children areof elementary school age and more than 24 of them are mentally disabled. Most of the children are from Uæiceand the surrounding municipalities.The structure of the children according to their schooling abilities is similar to other homes for children withoutparental care. A relatively small number of children are able to make a consistent effort in learning and trying toreach their goal. Therefore, in equipping the home to function more successfully and in preparing the childrento become independent, it is necessary to set up occupational workshops for training the children for certain jobsand giving them additional knowledge and skills.In previous years dancing schools used the gym and this was a way to link the home to the life of the town, andthis should be resumed.The experience gained in excursions to the surrounding villages has shown that children are attracted to countrylife and that it is useful to organise stays in villages in the periods when they can learn the tasks that are doneon farms.Owing to fatigue, the educational staff require assistance from the "Help for Helpers" Programme. They have alsoexpressed the need for training to work with children with mental disabilities and educationally neglectedchildren.

Preventive health care is provided through instruction in hygiene, the attitude towards food, health, bymeans of workshops and group work on topics that are suitable for the children's age. Basic health care isgiven in the health centre, and specialist services are provided in the relevant health institutions in Uæiceand Belgrade.In the home, there are two children with epilepsy, who require the additional attention of the teacher.There are also several children with psychokinetic syndrome that requires co-operation withneuropsychiatric institutions. That is the reason why the home considers that it is necessary to employ anurse for training in medical hygiene, health supervision and co-operation with health institutions.Full attention is paid to nutrition and in this respect the children's needs are satisfied in terms of qualityand quantity.Needs in clothing and footwear, hygiene items and school kits are supplied by means of donations frominternational humanitarian organisations.

Views of the staffSolving the home's property and legal relations

The facilities that make up the institution are massive, and the problem of heating is not solved. Thefact that construction works are not completed on one facility makes it difficult for the other facilities tofunction. Apart from that, it is necessary to solve the home's property and legal relations in order,finally, to resolve the children's accommodation.


Priorities:

Priorities:• equipping workshops for training children to do certain jobs and gain

additional knowledge and skills because of their poor interest in school;

• organising village outings and holidays for the children, after observing that they are interested in farmwork;

• training for teachers for working with children with mental disabilities and educationally neglected children;

• employment of a nurse.

• kitchen equipment: a potato-peeling machine, a hot table, a cooking tipper, and a universal pastry mixer;

• foodstuffs: fresh fish, fruit and vegetables, honey, fresh meat, Eurokrem;

• necessary clothing and footwear: trousers, trainers, underwear, pyjamas, shoes, and slippers;

• other necessary equipment: computer equipment - three computers for the children, and three for the work of the general services.

37

The home in PanËevo consists of five structures: the administration building (A), the facility where thechildren are housed (B), the boiler house, the laundry and the workshops facilities.Building (A) was built in 1930. It was renewed in 1991 and generally is in good condition.The problem is the open terrace which has no hydro insulation, so rainwater is a threat to the premises inthe basement. The high level of underground water also causes moisture in the basement and on thefacade, which should be prevented by applying a new coating of hydro insulation.Building B was built in 1979, and it is in good condition. The flat terrace above the ground floor is notproperly hydro insulated. One more floor could be added here. That would mean an extension of the dayroom and also resolve the problem of hydro insulation. The four roof windows need to be changed and several others, repaired.The bathrooms need new hydro insulation over the existing finish (ceramic tiles).The furniture in the rooms is totally ruined. New cupboards and shelves must purchased.

• reconstruction of the bathrooms;• coating the playground in the yard with asphalt;• enclosing the power generator in the building and its automation; • hydro insulation and placing a concrete layer on the terrace;• planing and varnishing the parquet flooring;• new radiator valves and threads;• painting and varnishing of woodwork;• legalization of the existing auxiliary buildings and completion of

the required documentation.

38

The "Spomenak" Home for children has 84 children under its care (eight educational groups) and it employsthe number of teachers required in the regulations.The premises of this home are organised in such a way that the only suitable form of educational work isin directly contact with the children, which means that all the teachers are engaged in the work andsupervision of the planned activities with all of the children. This sort of organisation in educational workcreates the atmosphere of a large family in which there is lively interaction between the members. Thenumber of teachers is not sufficient for there to be three teachers present all the time and this makes itdifficult to supervise all the children's activities.The group method of work is applied for some activities, for instance, for teaching children with difficultiesin organising themselves and who are not accustomed to this kind of work. Individual work is also donewith the children, if necessary, in keeping with the work plan for the child.The teacher in charge of each group participates in making the most important decisions regarding eachchild and the group as a whole and performs the administrative work.

There are 84 children, mostly of elementary school age (47) in this home. The capacityof the home (93) is slightly larger than the number of children, living in the home.There are six children older than 18 years, and two of the beneficiaries are youngerthan seven years of age. Twenty-four of them belong in the group of children who areslightly mentally disabled.



Priorities:

13 Home for children and youth without parental care“Spomenak”, PanËevoProleterskih brigada 6, 26000 PanËevo • Telephone: 013-318-464 • Fax: 013-318-464

However, conditions are not all that favourable for developing a closer relationship between the child andits teacher. This home pays special attention to the children's artistic expression. There is a sculpture andpottery workshop in which the children work under the supervision of an instructor. Art colonies are atradition and include workshops for children (visual art and music).The teachers need supplementary training about direct educational methods in order to achieve a greaterdegree of uniformity in their approach to education, methods of work and methodology in dealing withprofessional documentation.

The health of the children in the home is satisfactory because of the good quality health care provided inco-operation with the relevant health centre. Out of its income, the home employs a nurse for instructionin hygiene and health training, and supervising the children's health.

But, in addition to this, it is necessary to employ a medical technician to carry out preventive health andhygiene training.

The children's meals in the home meet the basic quality criteria.

Clothing, footwear, school kits and hygiene items are obtained by means of donations from internationalhumanitarian organisations in co-operation with the Ministry of Social Affairs.

Views of the staffHelping the children when leaving social care

On the basis of experience, the staff believe that this institution should continue to function becausethere are children who require institutional accommodation (adolescents), seeing that plenty ofadolescents come to the home from foster-families.In the long term, there are plans to convert the premises so as to separate the educational groups.There are plans, in the near future, to equip four rooms for children who are leaving the home to helpthem become independent, but the proper forms for the contract have not yet been found.


Priorities:• training the teachers in the aim of unifying educational stands and

methods of work;• increasing the number of teachers to enable constant supervision of

the children's activities;• employment of a social worker, a nurse (full-time), a lawyer

employed on a part-time basis (for one half or one third of the working day), a boiler man and an installations maintenance man for the entire season.

• medicines and medical material: antibiotics, medical material (sterile gauze, Rimavol, bandages), a kidney basin, sterilising chambers, stanicid gauze, contraceptives (AB film, condoms);

• medical equipment: blood pressure measuring kits, weight and height measuring units;

• foodstuffs: fresh fruit and vegetables, meat;• kitchen equipment: cutlery, stainless steel plates and cups;• clothing and footwear: underwear, socks, tracksuits, jeans;• other necessary equipment: curtains, carpets, cupboards, a

computer, a TV set, a fax machine, washing machines and tumble dryers, balls, games, stationary and other office material, multiple plug socket, plastic mattress covers, wage programme, book-keeping and accounts.

39

Priorities:

The outside of the building was restored in 2000. There is a well-kept park around it (2010 square meters).It was built for this particular purpose in 1923 and today, it is one of the finest examples of architecturein the 1930s.In contrast to the building's glamorous exterior, the interior, though well maintained, is totally dilapidated.The windows should be renewed; in some places the floors are totally ruined. At least 1,000 square metersof the flooring should be renovated.New toilet bowls must be installed.The furniture is old and worn and most of it should be renewed.

• renewal of the floors (1,000m2);• renewal of the bathrooms;• new windows with thermal glazing;• new windows in round window cases;• new electric feeder and exterior lighting;• overhaul of the kitchen line;• overhaul of the bakery;• new sanitary installations.

40

The "Stanko PaunoviÊ" Home in Negotin was founded in 1923 as a home for war orphans and was speciallybuilt for this purpose.The home is of the boarding school type with a capacity for 88 children or eight educational groups. Mostof the time it is full to capacity. At present there are 81 children and 60 of them attend elementary school.Of the total, 30 have mental disabilities.The number of staff corresponds to the regulations, and includes a social worker and a psychologist,employed on a part-time basis.The premises are organised so that two or three educational groups are joined together, and the teachersworking in shifts functionally connect the groups.A characteristic of this home is that professional communication is very lively among the staff and theyare highly motivated in acquiring new knowledge and using it in their professional practice.The very high percentage of children attending elementary school is due to the fact that there is nosecondary school for children with special needs in the town. Regular secondary schools and trainingcourses cover a narrow range of occupations so that the children are transferred to another home inanother town to resume their schooling. This is one of the reasons for the relatively frequent changes inthe composition of the groups and in that situation a boarding school type of organisation is more suitablebecause frequent changes in a family type of organisation would be disturbing.

There are 81 children without parental care living in this home. The official capacity ofthe home is 88 places. The children are mostly of elementary school age (60). Morethan a third of all the children (30) belong in the category of slightly mentally disabledchildren. A characteristic in this home is that almost half of the children (40) have bothparents.



Priorities:

14 Home for children and youth without parental care"Stanko PaunoviÊ", NegotinBadnjevaËka 5, 19300 Negotin • Telephone: 019-541-933 • Fax: 019-541-800

Apart from that, the majority of children lag behind in the educational process, they show little interest inintellectual pursuits and fail to complete their secondary education. The data on the structure of thechildren in terms of education raises the problem of preparing them to lead an independent life when theyleave the home. The staff believe that it would be useful to equip several workshops for trades in whichthe children would receive training suited to their affinities and abilities, to make it easier for them to findjobs once they reach adulthood. There are few production workshops and firms in the town where thechildren could train for jobs and be employed.At present job training consists of household chores (maintaining hygiene in the premises in the absenceof an employed cleaner, serving out food, clearing the yard and working with the caretaker).

The health centre in Negotin supervises the children's health, but doctors work in the centre at theweekends, to supply additional medical consultation. However, the staff consider that this is not enoughand they stress the need to engage a neuropsychiatrist for periodical consultations. This home has onlybasic medical equipment and a modestly supplied dispensary.

The children do not have the proper quality clothing or footwear and one may say they are continually inneed of new clothing and footwear.

View of the staff on the home’s development strategyEquipping the premises for vocational training

The teachers believe that the home should exist in its traditional form, in view of the fact that thenumber of children in need of accommodation is not declining. Part of a building that belongs to thehome is expected to be returned (the municipality gave this facility to some business organisations), sothat the premises can be equipped for the additional activities of the children (for example for providingthe children with vocational training etc.).


Priorities:

Priorities:• equipping production workshops for training the children who are

not interested in school or are far behind in their schooling;• training the teachers for working with children with special needs.

• foodstuffs: fresh fruit and vegetables, meat;• clothing and footwear; trainers and shoes, underwear, pyjamas,

jeans;• a transport vehicle (mini van);• other equipment required in the home: a cooking stove, three TV

sets, bed linen (88 sets) and two computers.

41

The structure is in good condition although it was built in 1886 (and renovated in 1983).The adaptation of the roof space into a loft has not been completed. A new roof structure with hydro andthermal insulation, new roof tiles and some of the electric installations are finished (300 square meters).The loft is intended for workshops, recreation space and a day room.The laundry and the workshop should be moved out of the basement because the drainage watersometimes spills into the basement.A separate auxiliary building on the same site, facing the street, has been suggested for this purpose. Oneof the proposed workshops is a car wash where the home's youngsters could work.The spills of drainage water into the basement are due to the inadequate pitch of the drainage lines. Thedrainage lines should be redone with the right pitch and the proper connection to the street drainagesystem.The electric feeder should be upgraded and the major part of the electricity installations overhauled.

• adaptation of the loft into workshops and a day room;• relocation of the laundry;• overhaul of electricity installations.

42

The home for children without parental care in Aleksinac is situated in a separate building with a lovelygarden. It can cater for 48 to 50 children, in other words, for four educational groups. Currently, there are47 children in accommodation, aged three to 20 years.In keeping with the institution's capacity and the regulations of professional work in social welfare, thereare six teachers working with the children. Workers from the Centre for Social Work in Aleksinac (aprofessional team) deal with the aspects of professional social work. This situation makes it difficult toemploy a psychologist and a pedagogue to provide continual treatment to those children who need it.Because of the relatively small number of children and the living conditions in the connected rooms of onehouse, the educational groups are formal and the teachers in fact work with all the children.It is practically impossible to give the children individual attention, given the number of teachers.Twelve of the children are of elementary school age and 26 are slightly mentally disabled which meansthat a large number of them need individual attention in learning. A significant number suffer fromdifficulties that require psychological treatment. Attention is paid to the individual interests of the childrenin hobby groups. In preparing the children for family life, they learn how to perform all the regular

This home is an organisational unit of the Inter-Municipality Centre for Social Work.There are 47 children without parental care in the home, which is roughly theregistered capacity (48). The children are mostly of secondary school age. Seven ofthem are below the age of seven. More than half of the children have slight mentaldisabilities (26).



Priorities:

15 Home for children and youth without parental care"Hristina MarkiπiÊ", AleksinacTihomira –oreviÊa 2, 18220 Aleksinac • Telephone: 018-872-507, 872-210 • Fax: 018-872-507

household chores. Since all the teaching staff are elementary school teachers, they require training inpsychology, pedagogy and defectology (oligodefectology) and the behavioural treatment of enuresis.

Health protection is organised in co-operation with the health centre. The children have previous healthrecords and the necessary check-ups are done in the health centre after which a medical file is opened forrecording the child's condition of health and carrying out lawful medical prevention and necessarytreatment. Specialist medical examinations and hospital treatment are done in Niπ.

Instruction in health and hygiene prevention is carried out through educational work. The home hasdifficulties in paying for medicines that are not on the market.

Views of the staffSeparation from the Centre for Social Work and expansion of capacities

The home should become independent from the Centre for Social Work. The staff believe that thecapacity can be expanded (to 60 places), that some of the premises can be converted for the additionalactivities of the children and that workshops can be erected in the yard to give the children vocationaltraining and earn additional income for the institution.It is necessary to employ more teachers in the educational process so as to achieve the function ofeducational work, establish a closer relationship between the teacher and the child and coordinate theeducational work with the needs of the children who live there (problems in social adjustment).


Priorities:

Priorities:• training of teachers in the domains of psychology, pedagogy,

defectology (oligodefectology), behavioural treatment of enuresis;• full-time employment of a psychologist and pedagogue because the

professional work is done by specialists from the Centre for Social Work in Aleksinac;

• employing more teachers to make it possible to work with the children individually;

• employment of a nurse, an assistant cook in the first shift and a technician.

• foodstuffs: honey, fresh meat, fruit;• kitchen equipment, dishes and saucepans;• new footwear for the children;• other necessary equipment in the home: cupboards and dining

chairs, and computers.

43

The home is located in the central part of the town. The ground floor and first floor are used to house thechildren. There is no proper fence around the building; considering the purpose and the location of thebuilding, the surrounding garden area should be cultivated and properly fenced in.The outside of the building looks quite sound, but the interior and the furnishings are in a much worsecondition. The windows do not function at all and should be replaced with new ones. The day room hasno furniture and equipment, just benches and a TV.The bathrooms are in a very bad state, particularly the showers and the toilets, and they should berenewed.

• new windows;• day room furniture;• renovation of the bathrooms;• arrangement of the garden area around the home.

44

The home in ∆uprija is on the first floor of the building which houses the Centre for Social Work. Thechildren use the same corridors as the people who come to the centre to seek assistance. The yard that isused as a playground is small and has no railings and the exit from the Centre faces a busy street withstreet vendors.The premises and position of the home is unsuitable for the life of the children because it is inadequatefor games and spare-time activities.The regulation capacity of this institution is 34 children, but its real capacity is for up to 26 children ortwo educational groups. It currently caters for 32 children, more than half of who are of elementary schoolage and nine of them have mental disabilities. All the children are from this town and the surroundingmunicipalities. In this district, there are up to 40 children without parental care, who need accommodation.Accommodation in family households is not developed and neither is there sufficient encouragement forthis form of childcare.The number of teachers corresponds to regulations (four full-time teachers and one employed on a part-time basis) and because of the teachers' working hours; one teacher is with the children in each shift. Thiskind of organisation leads to working with all the children together, for them to function like a large family,

The home is a part of the Centre for Social Work in ∆uprija and is located in the samebuilding. Its capacity is 34 places and currently it houses 32 children. Only one child isyounger than seven years and the others (18) are of elementary school age andsecondary school age (14). Nine children have slight mental disabilities.



Priorities:

16 Home for children and youth without parental careattached to the Centre for Social Work, ∆uprijaCara Lazara 89, 35000 ∆uprija • Telephone: 035-460-533 • Fax: 035-477-275

and educational groups are formal. All the children in the home attend school. Since the schools are faraway from the home, the children spend most of their time in activities connected with school and havelittle time for anything else. They know little about what is happening in the town and the attitude of thelocal community is indifferent.Children who cannot finish school attend training courses and have trouble finding employment.The teachers need additional training for working with disabled children.

Health care is carried out according to the health regulations and in regular health institutions in the townand in the region.The children are basically healthy and their most frequent problems are problems of emotional neglect.

Meals are satisfactory thanks to donations by international humanitarian organisations.

Clothing, footwear, school kits and hygiene items are also supplied by means of humanitarian aid.

Views of the staff

The teachers believe that the home should remain in its present form, especially because of the largenumber of adolescents for whom placement in foster families is unsuitable.


Priorities:

Priorities:• developing better contacts with the local community;• training the teachers for working with disabled children.

• foodstuffs: honey, fresh fruit and vegetables, meat and fish paste, fresh meat, hot dogs, processed meat products, mayonnaise, Eurokrem;

• kitchen equipment: a potato-peeling machine, a pastry-mixer, a bread-slicer;

• jumpers, socks and jeans for children, and new pairs of seasonal footwear;

• other necessary equipment in the home: hair-dryers, irons, a washing machine, vacuum cleaners, computer equipment.

45

The block consists of a four-storey building of approx. 4,600 square meters, specially built for this purposein 1938, and a maternity home, a ground floor building of approx. 400 square meters.The first facility, built in 1938, is in fairly good condition, and besides four storeys, also has basementpremises and a cellar.The basic problem is the terrace on the top floor, which should be adapted for use during the summerseason. This would also improve the thermal insulation of the top floor.Other terraces, on each floor, also need repairing and higher handrails to serve the proper purpose.The entire building needs painting and new flooring.The playground is nicely arranged as a park but, considering the users (children of up to three years), itshould be supplied with equipment which is adequate for that age.The ground floor building of the maternity home needs adapting and new furniture and equipment.

Centre for the protection of infants, children andyouth, Belgrade

• adaptation of the top floor terrace for use during the summer season;

• repainting and new flooring;• furnishing the interior of the maternity home.

46

The Infirmary for Mother and Child is the most widely known institution for the accommodation of theyoungest children without parental care, catering for 279 children from the age of 0-3 years. It also has amaternity home for pregnant women and mothers with infants of up to nine months.There is also a child's rehabilitation centre for health and developmental problems attached to theinfirmary. The institution's total capacity is 330 places, 40 of which are in the department for early



17

a) Infirmary for Mother and ChildZveËanska 7, 11000 Belgrade • Telephone: 011-36-90-314, 648-622

The Centre for the protection of infants, children and youth, in Belgrade, is a complex institution created byamalgamating all the social welfare institutions for the accommodation of children without parental care inBelgrade. The Centre includes the Infirmary for Mother and Child, the "Dragutin FilipoviÊ-Jusa" Children'sHome, the "Moπa Pijade" Home for children and youth, the "Drinka PavloviÊ" Home for children and youth,the "Jovan JovanoviÊ-Zmaj" Home for children and youth and the newly opened Home for secondary schoolpupils and student youth. This organisation of institutions makes it possible to continue providing a homefor these children, bearing in mind the needs of the age structure of the children.The Centre has joint management, administrative, financial and technical services and periodically, aprofessional team that admits, keeps records and discharges the users, which is important for the functionalconnection of the individual homes.Every organisational unit has a manager and a professional and a technical staff, in keeping with theregulations of social care. Due to the distance between the facilities, the efficiency of the joint services,especially the technical and supply services is not satisfactory. There are also problems regarding theefficiency of certain homes when dealing with the public, their own staff and other institutions.

This is the most widely known institution for the accommodation of the youngest childrenwithout parental care. The Infirmary caters for 279 children from the age of 0-3 years. Thecapacity of this institution, which principally focuses on the health aspect in child welfare, is330 places. The home has a rehabilitation department for accommodating children withdevelopment risks. The Infirmary also has a maternity home for pregnant women and motherswith infants of up to nine months, who do not have family protection. Currently, it is shelteringsix mothers and their children.

Priorities:

rehabilitation and 40 are in the maternity home. A high percentage of the places in the institution areoccupied and this is not always in keeping with the planned capacity of each department, depending onthe current needs for accommodation and the ability to discharge children that are older.The premises are equipped and the staff are organised primarily to provide the youngest children withphysical and medical care.The conditions for the youngest children and those in the rehabilitation programme are closer to those ofa hospital than a home and the results of this are also noticeable in the children's psychomotorialdevelopment. In order to alleviate the consequences of the initial type of care of the children, theinstitution has employed professional teachers for the pre-school children, even though this is not foreseenin the regulations. The material conditions, the equipment of the institution and the organisation of workdo not offer the children sufficient opportunities, even when they learn to walk again, to go out into anatural, social, non-institutional environment. In order to improve socialisation the institution has enabledpupils from the secondary school of medicine to do their apprenticeship in the infirmary and they come totake care of the children twice a week. The institution's doors are also open to the programmes of non-governmental organisations. The application of these programmes is periodical, the programmes do notalways receive adequate preliminary professional appraisal and often, the effects of this work do notcorrespond to the amount of money or effort that have been invested.In the past few years, since the amount of accommodation in foster homes has declined, it takes longer todischarge children from the infirmary that do not return to their natural family till their third year, and forwhom a foster family cannot be found. Most often the children with mental disabilities and children withhealth and other difficulties in development, stay on. Physically disabled children are most at risk because,if they have no mental disabilities, there is no suitable institution to accommodate them and it is hard tofind foster-parents or a family that would adopt them.

Views of the staffThe basic task of matching children and prospective adoptive parents

The staff believe that the infirmary is a necessary Republic institution and that it should be entrustedwith matching children and prospective adoptive parents in the adoption process. They also considerthat the maternity home now has the function of a shelter for young mothers and that its functionshould be adjusted to the current users.


Priorities:• opportunities for the children to go out more often into a natural,

social, non-institutional environment (when they learn to walk);• the ideal number of teachers for two shifts would be 24 so that more

teachers are required;• a boiler man, a caretaker and a nutritionist.

47

Priorities:• medical equipment: 5 aspirators, 7 inhalation units, 7 oxygen

dispensers, an interferent electricity unit, a laser therapy unit, a vacuum unit, an ultrasonic unit with diagnostic currents, an ultrasonic abdominal probe and C.N.S. for ultrasonic diagnostics, three paraffin melters for therapy, a hydro-massage unit and bath, a KSAFA unit for speech and hearing diagnostics, children's wheelchairs (2), a Maclaren chair for cerebral paralysis, an electrophoresis unit, blood pressure measuring kits for adults and children (5);

• kitchen appliances: dish-washers with a sterilisation programme (3), vegetable-peeling machines, a receptacle for keeping food hot, gas/electric cooker, 10 electric cookers, 10 refrigerators, four deep-freezers, 1,000 stainless steel cups;

• other equipment needed in the home: children's potty washers (7) telephone exchange unit, beds (or plastic coating of the existing ones).

The building was constructed in 1930 and is located in the central part of the town. Considering the ageof the children (mostly three to five years) in this home, a building with a ground floor plus two floors isinadequate, primarily because of the unsafe stairway. A protection net on the stairway is indispensable.Although the building looks nice from the architectural point of view, the facade needs repairing andpainting. The roof gutters need repairing. The roof and supporting structure should be renovated, andsome of the roof beams, lathes and tiles should be replaced with new ones. The terrace on the second floor needs new hydro insulation and a new finish - ceramic tiles.The door on the rooms, bathrooms and corridors need repairs, and the entrance door should be replacedwith a new one.The plumbing and drainage systems should be replaced because moisture appears in some rooms (diningroom, kitchen). The electricity installations are in poor condition and should be overhauled.The flooring needs repairing, and the parquet should be planed and varnished.The bathrooms and toilets should be completely redone with completely new equipment. Thanks todonations, a great deal of equipment has been renewed, but there is still a need for repairs and newfurniture, such as children's beds, cupboards and work tables.It has been suggested that a separate building - a playhouse - should be built and equipped with suitablecontents.

• partial renovation of the roof and its supporting structure;• hydro insulation of the terrace;• partial replacement of plumbing and drainage systems;• partial replacement of electric installations.

48

The "Dragutin FilipoviÊ-Jusa" Home was opened by the municipality of VraËar in 1963. The centre decidedin 1997 that the home should be used for accommodating children of pre-school age (three to six yearsof age). These are mostly children from the infirmary for whom a foster family or other form of care couldnot be found in time.The capacity of the home is 30 places but the number of children is always higher. There is an admissiondepartment with ten places through which several hundred children pass each year and a number of thesechildren remain in the home. The children from the admission department are in a separate part of thehome until their health condition is checked and then they are enrolled in the regular educational groupswhere they remain until they return to their own families or until some other form of care is found.The building was not built for its present purpose and the necessary adaptation was done so as to ensurethe safety of the children.The majority of the children are between three and four years of age and about 30 per cent of them arementally disabled, which is important because of the organisation and content of the teaching process.Five teachers who are professionally trained for working with children of pre-school age, four trainednurses, a part-time night teacher, a pedagogue and a social worker are directly involved in care andteaching.

The home accommodates children of pre-school age. The capacity of this institution is30 places and it has also opened a shelter for 10 children. There are currently 34children under the age of seven years living in the home. Only one child has mentaldisability. However, seven of the children, although not categorised, according to theassessment of the psychologist, attend the development group in kindergarten. Fifteenyounger children in the home have been assessed as suffering from impededdevelopment.There is no data at all on the parents of a third of the children, and two thirds have onlyone parent, mostly mothers.



Priorities:

b) Home for children and youth"Dragutin FilipoviÊ-Jusa"Boæidara Adæije 17, 11000 Belgrade • Telephone: 011-454-973 • Fax: 011-454-973

The number of the staff is not sufficient to fulfill the children's needs for attention, and provide health andphysical care. In the daytime shifts, there are three teachers for 30 to 40 children, whereas, at night, thereis only one teacher. In order to consolidate the teaching and caring process and enrich the life of thechildren, the home co-operates with children's pre-school institutions and the Institute for Psycho-PhysicalDisorders and Speech Pathology, whose employees work with the children, and with cultural institutionsfor children etc.Owing to the number of children and staff, the organisation and equipment of the premises, the homefunctions as a unit, as a large family, but it is too large to offer children of this age enough warmth andclose, personal contact.Since the children are at an age when they learn basic relations with their immediate environment, andthey are most often children from the infirmary, which means that they have no experience of being in afamily or having more lasting relationships with a parent figure, it would be more suitable for them to bein a home of the family type, with one teacher and a relatively stable group of other children of differentages.

Trained nurses care for and supervise the children's health and the VraËar Health Centre, whose doctorvisits the home once a week, is responsible for their general health protection.

The children are well supplied with clothing and footwear and toys, thanks to donations from individualsencouraged by the home's management and by means of regular donor drives, organised by the Centrefor the Protection of Infants, Children and Youth.

Views of the staffA family-type home

The staff consider that the home should be organised like any home for children and youth, for all agegroups or to be equipped with staff according to the needs of the children of this age.


Priorities:

Priorities:• increasing the number of staff who work directly with the children (a

psychologist, three trained nurses, three teachers, a speech therapist, and a physiotherapist;

• planning education in a home of the family type.

• foodstuffs for snacks because snacks are made in the home;• kitchen equipment: the replacement of kitchen cupboards, cutlery,

and plates, glasses and cups;• other necessary equipment in the home: a tumble-dryer, a boiler, 40

beds for children, 40 cupboards for children, eight shoe cupboards, five wardrobes, five office cupboards, writing tables, a large table and chairs, carpets and runners for the children's rooms, curtains, a dining-table and chairs, gym mats, horizontal bars, a toboggan, hoola-hoops, a hidey-hole, swings, a see-saw, a sand pit, a computer and a printer, teaching materials (jigsaw puzzles, puzzles, bricks, coloredo-pins, video and audio cassettes, painting books, picture-books, slates, balls and spinning-tops.

49

The building was specially constructed for this purpose in 1957. Although the building itself looks quitesolid, it needs repairs and the facade needs painting. The roof leaks, and so does the large terrace on the top floor. The handrail on the terrace is totally ruined.The terrace needs new hydro insulation and a new finish, the terrace handrail needs repairing and the roofshould be renewed. The bathrooms are currently being repaired, so is the dining room and the kitchen. The windows and theinside doors are in bad conditions and must be replaced. The equipment in the rooms is fairly satisfactory.New cupboards and shelves are required. The flooring in the rooms should be renewed.The open space around the home should be cultivated and equipped with various gadgets.

• the overhaul of the roof and hydro insulation on the terrace;• new windows and interior doors;• partial renewal of furniture (shelves and cupboards).

50

The "Moπa Pijade" Home is one of the first specially built, family type homes.The capacity of this institution is eight educational groups, or 96 children, and in keeping with theregulations, the institution has ten teachers, a social worker and a psychologist.Currently, there are 83 children living in the home, most of them of school age. They attend regularschools. There are also ten students living in the home. Nineteen of the children, or 17 per cent, areslightly mentally disabled, which is lower than in other homes.Educational work in this home is adjusted to conditions in the town and to the children who attend school.The children with minor mental disabilities find it more difficult to fit into the regular system in the homebecause they have more spare time and the institution has programmes for their activities.The home does not have enough equipment for vocational training and this particularly affects the childrenwho cannot finish secondary school. But, there are premises that could be equipped for this purpose. Inthe daily life of the home, the boys are trained to use simple tools under the supervision of the caretaker,and all the children learn how to do household chores. There are musical instruments but they are notused. Some children who have no family support at all, spend a longer time in the home, especially if it isimpossible for them to find jobs relatively quickly with the education they have acquired.

There are 83 children without parental care living in this home. Its capacity is 96places. The children are mainly of elementary school age (32) and secondary schoolage (28), and only one child is younger than seven years. The occupants are chieflychildren who are older than 18 years (23). Nineteen of the children are slightly mentallydisabled.Thirty-eight of the children have no contact whatsoever with their parents or relatives.



Priorities:

c) Home for children and youth without parental care"Moπa Pijade"UstaniËka 19, 11000 Belgrade • Telephone: 011-444-00-66 • Fax: 011-450-257

Regular health care is provided by the Voædovac Health Centre. In the home there is a dental surgery usedby the entire centre. The children are basically healthy. A trained nurse takes care of hygiene and healthinstruction, supervises the children's health, co-operates with the health services and is in charge of thechildren's treatment in the home.

Views of the staffGreater freedom in decision-making

The staff consider there are enough children in the home and that it needs to exist. Due to the centre'smassive organisation, they believe greater freedom in decision-making is needed or even completefreedom within the organisational units, in other words, in the homes themselves.


Priorities:

Priorities:• adjustments in the organisation of teaching children with disabilities;• equipment for the occupational training of children who are not

interested in finishing secondary school, or who have not finished secondary school because they were late finishing elementary school;

• eight in-house teachers (so as to have two for each in-house group, for work in shifts);

• a pedagogue to complete the professional team;• a secretary;• a medical worker;• two housekeepers;• a consulting psychiatric service;• psychological counselling service for adolescents.

• medicines and medical material: basic medicines for chronic patients, basic medicines such as nose drops, cough syrup, vitamin supplements, cosmetic items (cream, talcum powder) for small children and adolescents;

• kitchen equipment: saucepans, stainless steel plates, and a dishwasher;

• foodstuffs for supplementary meals per group (jam, margarine, meat and fish paste, milk, biscuits) foodstuffs for diet food (biscuits, tea, toast), additional supplies of fruit, milk, fruit juices, sweets;

• underwear, socks, pyjamas;• other necessary equipment: video and audio teaching aids, school

literary reading sets for elementary and secondary school, a diapositive film projector, 8 typewriters, 8 cassette recorders, embroidery and handiwork materials, sewing machines, carpentry and locksmith's tools.

51

The building is located in the BraÊe JerkoviÊ residential area. It was specially built for this purpose in 1988.The building is in good condition, but the plumbing and drainage systems have to be renewed sincemoisture occurs in the bathrooms.The ground floor with its halls, dining room and kitchen are in good condition.The windows are ruined on the entire building. They do not shut properly and all the rooms are coldalthough the heating is good. This problem must be resolved either by repairing the windows or replacingthem with new ones.The furniture and equipment in the dormitories and day rooms are completely worn out, except in tworooms which have been renovated, recently. The floors, walls and lighting in the dormitories and dayrooms are also in very bad condition.The bathrooms are in very bad condition and damp.The complete renovation of the dormitories, day rooms and bathrooms is necessary and they require newfurniture and equipment.

• repair of the plumbing and drainage systems;• new windows on the entire building;• renovation of dormitories, day rooms and bathrooms;• new furniture and equipment in the dormitories and day rooms.

52

The "Jovan JovanoviÊ-Zmaj" Home for Children and Youth moved to a specially built building in 1989. Thefacility is too large for its purpose and has numerous technical shortcomings that essentially affect theheating of the premises. The home uses only one part of the building, the other is a common kitchen thatsupplies meals to all the homes in the centre and some of the premises are rented out to the "Telekom-Srbija" Company as a boarding house for school children.The planned capacity of the home is 96 children or eight educational groups and the correspondingnumber of teachers. The home also has a professional team that consists of a social worker, a psychologistand a pedagogue. There are 68 children living in the home at present. More than half of them are ofelementary school age. Twenty-nine children are mentally disabled.The dominant aspect of this home is that the large, technically unsuitable premises make it difficult tocreate a warm "family" atmosphere. Another feature is that there is a large fluctuation of children withfrequent newcomers. This makes it difficult to achieve cohesion in the educational groups. There are toofew teachers and the house rules are too rigid to be able to create the rhythm of everyday family life. Thereare few opportunities for pleasant "family" activities such as gathering around to prepare food. Family-typeactivities roughly consist of the children being obliged to maintain hygiene and tidy the premises theyoccupy etc.

The "Jovan JovanoviÊ-Zmaj" Home is intended for children between the ages of sevenand 18 years without parental care. At present, there are 68 children living in it, 24 ofthem between seven and 14 years, and 18 are between 14 and 18 years of age. Onlyone child is younger than seven years. The home has a capacity of 72 places and a partof the otherwise enormous complex is rented out to the Telekom-Srbija Company asschool children's boarding house.Nearly half of all the children belong in the category of slightly mentally disabledchildren (29).



Priorities:

d) Home for children and youth without parental care"Jovan JovanoviÊ Zmaj"BraÊe JerkoviÊ 119, 11000 Belgrade • Telephone: 011-461-867 • Fax: 011-492-184

Due to the organisation of the premises and life in the home, and the age of the children, the educationalgroups are fairly uniform. In order to encourage and teach the children to live in a community and aboutrelationships and finding their place in a group, the children are encouraged to participate in decision-making. The home's doors are open to the programmes of non-governmental organisations and it givespreference to projects by recognised experts in specific fields. It prefers programmes that are designed tosatisfy the interests and develop the children's abilities (art, knowledge, skills) and psychosocial trainingprogrammes (non-violent communication, protection from violence and suchlike) in view of the children'sprevious experience and social environment.

Views of the staffIndependently planning the institution's development

The premises of the home are too large and the functioning of the home within a large organisation (TheCentre for the Protection of Infants, Children and Youth) makes it impossible to plan this home'sdevelopment independently.


Priorities:• increasing the number of teaching staff in order to give more

individual attention to the children (six teachers) and make it possible to organise work with the children along family lines;

• implementing a psychosocial training programme and other activities that are of interest to children, in co-operation with non-governmental organisations;

• training programmes in the domain of development psychology and development psychopathology: the prevention and detection of abuse and drug addiction;

• a pedagogue, or a complete professional team;• two trained nurses (in two shifts, for consultation regarding nutrition

and health care, and sanitary supervision);• a consulting psychiatric service.

• medical equipment: a sterilising chamber, a blood pressure measuring kit, a weight and height measuring unit, thermometers, basic medicines (nose drops, cough syrup, vitamin supplements), medical material, scissors, nail scissors, de-lousing equipment, adolescent skin hygiene cosmetics;

• foodstuffs: honey, fresh fruit and vegetables, processed meat products, foodstuffs for diet nutrition (biscuits, toast, tea and lemons), foodstuffs for making birthday cakes, foodstuffs for supplementary meals in the groups (corn pops, cornflour puddings, honey, jam, margarine, meat and fish paste, cocoa),

• kitchen equipment: a dishwasher, a Kirby;• clothing and footwear: renewing all the children's sports shoes.

Otherwise, the idea put forward by the teachers in the home is to plan funds for the purchase of footwear and clothing, and to make advance payments to shops so that the children can choose for themselves what they would like to buy and wear;

• Other necessary equipment: washing-machines, a vacuum cleaner, hairdryers, irons, ironing boards, televisions, cassette recorders, a stove with two hot-plates, a fire-extinguishing ladder.

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Priorities:

The home was specially built for this purpose in 1965, and it is in good condition.The main problem is the leaking flat roof. It should be replaced with a sloping roof.The woodwork and windows are in very bad condition and should be completely replaced. The bathroomsneed to be totally redone, from the plumbing and drainage systems to the flooring, walls and new fittings.The electricity installations need to be overhauled, particularly where the children live. The kitchen anddining room are inadequate and must be adapted and properly equipped.Since the concept of family life has been abandoned, the premises need to be adapted. The furniture andequipment are totally ruined or missing, so one of the priorities is completely new furniture.

• roof reconstruction;• new woodwork;• renovation of the bathroom;• new furniture;• renovation of the kitchen and dining room.

54

The "Drinka PavloviÊ" Home was specially built as a family-type home, for eight families, in other wordseight educational groups. For several years, life in this home experimentally functioned according to anoriginal "family home” concept, and the teachers lived in the home together with the children.There are currently 68 children in the home's accommodation, or six educational groups, therefore, itemploys eight teachers, a social worker and a psychologist. The majority of the children are of elementaryschool age, and 27 are mentally disabled.With this structure of children, most of the time, the work of the teachers is focused on the youngerchildren and teaching them to take basic care of themselves, behaviour, and respect for house rules andfor the needs of others. Learning about the family starts with these relations and the obligations tomaintain tidiness, hygiene etc. The most agreeable aspect of life together is preparing meals. The cityenvironment and the tradition of this home encourage the children to focus on school, sportsorganisations, culture and art organisations. They are very active in the scout movement and, in their sparetime, they take part in the life of the city.

There are 68 children living in this home although the planned capacity is 96 places.Most of the children are of elementary school age (33). There are 29 children between14 and 18 years of age and six are older than 18 years. The home has 27 slightlymentally disabled children and one child has borderline intellectual abilities. About 40children maintain contact with their families and relatives.



Priorities:

e) Home for children and youth without parental care"Drinka PavloviÊ"Koste GlaviniÊa 14, 11000 Belgrade • Telephone: 011-650-761

The nurse carries out health supervision, health and hygiene training and co-operates with the healthcentre and health institutions.

The needs of the children in clothing, footwear, hygiene items and school kits are supplied throughdonations from big humanitarian organisations.

Views of the staffHelping the children leaving social care

There are empty premises in the home. Plans are aimed at reducing the capacity of the home to createsmaller "family" communities and equipping the free space to provide housing for the children who areleaving the home, until they find jobs and are able to become truly independent (a "half-way house").


Priorities:• medical equipment: a stethoscope, a weight and height measuring

unit, a steriliser with drum cassettes, a diabetes monitoring system,thermometers, a medicine bowl, forceps, pincers, a kidney basin, spatulas with bowls, a medicine cabinet;

• medicines and medical material: analgesics, antipyretics, antipsychotics, anti-depressives, some of the medicines from the negative list (cough syrups, nose-drops), antibiotic ointments and teas with antiseptic effects, alcohol, iodine, hydrogen, vitamin supplements, bandages, gauze, elastoplast, plasters, pregnancy tests, contraceptives;

• foodstuffs: honey, milk, fresh fruit, fresh fish;• kitchen equipment: a dishwasher;• other necessary equipment: physical training equipment for the

gym, library equipment, art, music and computer workshop equipment, equipment for a club for informal spare time, didactic material and toys.

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Priorities:• reducing the capacity of the home and forming "family

communities";• equipping the empty premises to house the children who are

leaving the house ("half-way house" project);• more teachers so that each educational group will have its own

teachers in both shifts;• a complete professional team;• a trained nurse according to the regulations;• a neuropsychiatric consulting service;• a housekeeper.

There is a narrow lawn in front of this building, behind it is a yard, enclosed in a metal fence.The home was built in the 1960s, and has a flat roof. Makeshift repairs have been made, for the time being,to the leaking roof. As a permanent solution to the problem a sloping roof or another storey can be builton top of the building (which is feasible from the structural point of view). The insufficient pitch of the sewer lines causes flooding in the basement and this must be prevented.New flooring should be installed in the bathrooms and toilets on the ground floor.The rooms, dining room and kitchen are relatively new and very well maintained.The playground behind the building should be redone and equipped with baskets for basketball.

• pitched roof or an additional storey;• new flooring in the bathrooms on the ground floor;• repair of playground behind the building.

56

The home opened in 1999 in a renovated facility, which had previously been a home for children andyouth.Secondary school pupils and students without parental care, from other homes and foster families inenvironments where they did not have the necessary conditions for further education, live in this home.Part of the building has been rented out to the PTT Service as a boarding house for schoolchildren (19schoolchildren).The home is a boarding house with 50 places. The premises are suited to this purpose. At present, 30children, who are independent in their work, with well-developed interests and habits required inintellectual work, are living in this institution.The staff consist of five teachers employed for educational work, one of them part-time, a social workerand a pedagogue. A psychologist is needed for individual work with young people and their problems ingrowing up.The conditions of life allow the children to express their individuality in equipping the premises andplanning their time.

The home is intended for children of secondary school age and students. At present, ithouses five children aged between 14 and 18 years while all the rest, 25 of them areolder than 18 years and are mainly students. There are no children with disabilities inthis home. This home is one of the best institutions of social protection in Serbia, interms of the quality of its living standard.



Priorities:

f) Home for secondary school and student youthZveËanska 52ZveËanska 52, 11000 Belgrade • Telephone: 011-648-365

The modest conditions in the home have been used to give the young people the opportunity to go in foractivities that interest them (an art "workshop", a hairdressing studio, a dressmaking workshop, and acomputer workshop).The young people are encouraged to take part in decision-making at meetings in the home, to preparethem for leading an independent life in the outside world, and accepting responsibility. There are plans inthis community to organise lectures and panel discussions on topics that interest the children.

The home does not have separate infirmary premises and one of the basic priorities in this institution isto open its own outpatient ward. It is important to step up health training that deals with diseases ofaddiction, AIDS and suchlike, because this home houses secondary school children and students. The dispensary is modestly supplied.

Views of the staffThe results justify the existence of the institution

As the organisation of the home is of a more recent date, and so far the results have been good, thegeneral conclusion is that an institution like this one is necessary in the system of social care.


Priorities:

Priorities:• a psychologist to deal with young people individually and help them

to cope with the problems of growing up;• organising panel discussions and lectures on topics of interest to the

young people in the home;• three teachers to deal with all the work of educating, personal

contacts and technical jobs;• a trained nurse;• one employee to work as a caretaker, boiler man and driver.

• medical equipment: a sterilising chamber, a stethoscope, a blood pressure measuring unit, a weight and height measuring unit;

• foodstuffs: fresh meat, fruit and vegetables, yoghurt, milk and fish;• kitchen equipment: a dishwasher, a large mixer, a refrigerator, and

dishes;• clothing and footwear, bed-linen and slippers;• other necessary equipment: equipment for a sports ground, a

satellite antenna, clothes cupboards.

57

5858

5959

Homes for children with disabilities

60

Homes for children with disabilities

According to the network of social care institutions, the homes in Veternik (Novi Sad), SremËica and Zemun(Infirmary for Autism) have been designated as institutions for accommodating children and youth withmental disabilities.

However, various circumstances have led to a great many children living in two institutions that care foradults with disabilities - the homes in Stamnica and in Kulina - such as over-crowding in the previouslymentioned institutions, the situation in the country generally, even the treatment of seriously and severelydisabled persons like children as a result of which they remain in the institution after they reach adulthood,and the shortage of places in institutions for accommodating adults.

Among the rights to which this population is entitled, the Act on Social Care and Providing Social Securityfor Citizens, children and youth with disabilities provides for the right to be placed in an institution ofsocial care. Children who suffer from severe, serious or moderate disorders in development, with orwithout other physical, health or sensory disabilities, in the case when their natural family cannot givethem adequate care, may exercise this right.

The relevant commission for categorising children, whose psycho-physical development is impaired, mustdetermine the degree of impairment and propose further treatment (the fulfillment of other conditions isin the jurisdiction of the guardinship authorities, i.e. the relevant Centres of Social Work) in order for themto exercise this right.

In institutions that care for children with disabilities, children are provided with the basic needs (housing,meals, clothes, footwear), health care, rehabilitation, education and work therapy according to averageabilities and other, different activities that help them to develop.

Besides the material difficulties that are a common feature in all institutions, the position of theseinstitutions is worse for a number of specific reasons. We shall list here only some of the most frequentcircumstances that complicate their position:• all institutions have a large number of users (except the Infirmary for autism), ranging from 316 in

SremËica to 600 in Veternik (Stamnica - 429, Kuline - 500),• a large number of users in these institutions are with multiple disabilities and need special health

care and therapy (for example, around 400 charges in Veternik, which is two thirds of the total number of users in that home),

• the heterogeneous profile of users in terms of age (from 6 to 40-45 years), the degree of impairment (from slight to severe), the degree of mobility (mobile, semi-mobile and bedridden),

• the distance of institutions from urban areas, which makes adequate care for children impossible and narrows down the possibility to select staff, and suchlike,

• the lack of qualified staff, whose job it is to provide children with care and protection, and certain profiles of staff (especially carers),

• a large number of beneficiaries remain institutionalised for the duration of their life,• in Serbia, in spite of the well-developed network of fostering, children with disabilities seldom live with

families, not even their own families.

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Notes:1) 70% of users in this institution are older than 18.2) All of the users suffer from autism (24 have multiple disorders, and there are two blind children in the

daycare).3) All the patients are autistic4) 67 children were not yet graded according to the categories of mental impairment at the time of the survey.5) Only women and girls (6 to 60 years of age) are accommodated in the home attached to the monastery.6) All the users suffer from autism.

CUMULATIVE TABLE 2Homes for children with disabilities in Serbia

The complex of the children's home in Veternik consists of five buildings for the accommodation of theusers, plus auxiliary facilities: a boiler house, a bakery, a gas station, a farm, a laundry, workshops and awarehouse.At present part of the roof on building A, where the administration is also located, is being replaced. Thefacade is in need of repair, as well. Building B is currently under reconstruction and it is necessary to speed up the completion of works andfurnish and equip the premises.The recreation hall, also in this building, should be equipped with suitable equipment.Building C is currently in the final stage of renewal, and all the equipment needs to be obtained. The floor heating in facilities A1 and A2, which has not functioned since it was installed, should bereplaced with radiators. Some radiators have already been procured.After the completion of the work on the heating system, and the repair of the floors, the premises need tobe completely adapted and refurnished. The facades on all the buildings need repairing and repainting, including the repair of roof gutters anddowncomers.The farm should be reslocated to an already selected and prepared location. The old location is to beadapted into a warehouse.

Home for children with disabilities, VeternikKninska 157, 21203 Veternik • Telephone: 021-821-034 • Fax: 021-823-518

• completion of works on building B;• new furniture for the pavilions;• the building of a small cattle farm.

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The Home for children and youth with disabilities in Veternik was built in 1969. The home occupies anarea of 10 hectares. The children are housed in five separate buildings and, besides this, the complexincludes several facilities used by the general and technical services, and a small farm.Children and young people are housed in the home in Veternik from the age of three. They suffer frommoderate, severe or serious mental impairments, but may also have other disorders. Although the homeis intended for children and youth, those who have reached adulthood are obliged to remain there longerbecause of the lack of room in homes for adults and there are now 233 users who are older than 25. Apartfrom that, moderately and seriously disabled users who are mobile and socialised find it difficult to adjustto new surroundings, therefore their stay is prolonged in order to protect them emotionally. Out of thetotal number of users, 188 suffer from moderate mental disorders, 193 have severe disorders, and 201have serious disorders. Around two thirds of the users are under constant health care and therapy. Thisfigure speaks of the need for intensive health and physical care and explains why more than half of thestaff are engaged in these duties.The institution's need has been acknowledged to employ 39 social workers, teachers and nurses.

The home for children with disabilities in Veternik has a capacity of 590 places and isalmost always full. There are 587 patients currently living in the institution, most ofthem older than 18. Because of the unsolved problem of caring for adults withdisabilities, several hundred children and adults live in this home together. There are15 children younger than seven years, 114 are younger than 14, and 225 children andyouth are aged between 15 and 24 years.In terms of the degree of mental impairment, in the home in Veternik there are 201severely impaired children, 103 are seriously impaired, 188 have moderate and fivehave minor mental imparements.



Priorities:

1

Education is carried out by the rehabilitation service, according to the Programme For The Education OfPersons With Moderate Mental Disisabilities of the Educational and Pedagogical Institute of the SocialistAutonomous Province of Vojvodina from 1989, and the Programme For Moderately And Seriously DisabledPersons of the same institute from 1978. The programmes envisage defectologistst working with chargesto develop their ability to help themselves, socialisation, communication, psycho-mobility, and develop aninterest in music and visual art. The contents and the volume of work depend on the degree and type ofcapabilities that a particular patient still retains.The users receive vocational training in eight manufacturing workshops and in doing simple manual jobsin the home, in the yard and on the farm.Some material, machines and tools are still lacking for vocational training and work.The institution offers an educational basis for several schools and university faculties.The home has also organised a daycare centre in Novi Sad for moderately or seriously disabled childrenand young people, who live with their parents.

Health care is provided by three physicians, 24 trained nurses and one dentist. There are fewer trainednurses than foreseen in the regulations; therefore the employment of at least another 11 trained nurses isa priority. Caring for the health of the patients is one of the home's primary activities. The most seriousproblem is the shortage of trained nurses, medical technicians and medical equipment.The staff believe that the home must have a fully equipped gynaecological surgery.Food is distributed to all of the home's facilities from a central kitchen. Supplies are obtained from thedonations of humanitarian organisations and also from the small farm within the home.Clothes and footwear are also regularly provided from humanitarian shipments, but there is a continuallack of underwear, socks, bed linen, mattress covers and mattresses.

Views of the staffCategorisation of institutions according to the type of disability

The staff consider that the institution's organisation is enormous, both in terms of premises and thetypes of disabilities the users suffer from. The employees think that the priority of institutionalised careis to categorise institutions according to the type of disability they cater for and not according to theage of the users, because they suffer when they are transferred to another institution and have troublein adjusting to the new environment. The home plans to organise drives to bring a more humaneatmosphere to the premises by separating the groups of beneficiaries into smaller housing units.


Priorities:

Priorities:

• oligophrenologists - (cooperation should be established with the Faculty of Defectology because there is a shortage of qualified people in this field);

• a speech therapist;• a physical education teacher and a physiotherapist;• a night watchman and porters (because of the size of the premises),

six in all;• a psychologist.

• kitchen equipment: a 20 kilogram pastry mixer, a gas heated vat, a bread-slicing machine, a large frying pan, food carts;

• other necessary equipment: artificial leather covered mattresses, air conditioning in the laundry-room, a collator-machine for the cardboard workshop, sewing machines (10), furniture for the pavilions, TV sets (10), tools for maintenance workers, furnishings for one floor in pavilion C, equipping the speech therapy, psychology, music and art cabinets.

63

• KulinaThe entire complex of this home, with the exception of one building that was constructed in 1980, wasnot built for the present purpose. The buildings were mostly erected during the 1930s, and they are in badcondition.Over the past ten years the building have fallen into disrepair because there was no maintenance. All thebuildings need reconstruction according to priorities, as well as the replacement of roof gutters.

• Sveta Petka MonasteryThe building is situated within the walls of the Sveta Petka monastery. The general state of the buiding ison a very high level. It was reconstructed in the year 2000 thanks to donations. All additional buildings(laundry room, storage room and the mill) are also in the good state.

• plumbing;• sewage system;• exterior lighting.

64

The home in Kulina is a social care institution for housing adults with serious or severe mental disabilitiesand persons with multiple disabilities. The home's capacity is 550 users but owing to the dilapidatedcondition of the facilities, for many years, the home has had roughly 500 patients.Among the patients, there are always about 110-120 children aged between six months and six years, andup to 200 between the ages of six and 15. An average of 25% are older than 25. This home has the largestnumber and largest percentage of children.Children younger than six are sent directly from maternity wards or transferred from the infirmaries forchildren without parental care in Belgrade and Subotica, if they are believed to be suffering from severemental disability.In the last few years, the institution has had tremendous trouble in functioning because of damagedinstallations and equipment, water shortages and transport problems, since the home is far away from thepopulated areas where the employees live. This is why it is difficult to find qualified staff, especiallydoctors and defectologists, which is one of the main reasons for the exhaustion and discontent of the staff.The children are provided with social protection, their existential needs are covered, principally physicalcare and health supervision. This is performed by three physicians, 28 trained nurses, a physiotherapistand 102 carers. One social worker is in charge of social care, and one teacher is responsible for education,instead of a defectologist. The absence of a trained defectologist makes it difficult to adequately organizeand carry out programmes of socialisation, communication, learning hygiene habits, training in self-helpand the overall development of the children. The situation is best in the ward for children under six yearsof age, where care is provided by trained nurses who have some knowledge of child development and theimportance of contact and attention that naturally arouses the children's interest. Non-governmental andhumanitarian organisations have been providing assistance in the development of the children in the pastfew months.

The home for children with disabilities in Kulina is located in a fairly inaccessible area at thefoot of the Mali Jastrebac mountain, several kilometers away from the main road. There are 593charges of different ages living in it and they are mostly seriously or severely mentally disabled(337 seriously, 170 severely, 17 moderately and two slightly disabled). Half of the children arebedridden.According to the findings of many teams who have visited this home, it has the worstconditions for the life of patients.The home is practically composed of two organisational units - the home in Kulina and thehome for girls in the Sveta Petka monastery.



Priorities:

2 Home for children with disabilities, KulinaKulina, 18214 Aleksinac • Telephone: 018-883-835 • Fax: 018-883-816

Besides the mentioned personnel needs, this home also lacks medical equipment. The list of prioritiesinclude: chemicals, glass, laboratory utensils, an ultrasonic unit, a laser, five blood pressure measuringkits, thermometers, forceps, scissors, spatulas, scalpels, two small oxygen cylinders.

• Home in the Sveta Petka monasteryThe Sveta Petka monastery in Izvor near ParaÊin houses 92 girls with mental disabilities (serious and heavyimpairments). The nuns from the monastery provide all care. This home is formally under the managementof the home in Kulina because the nuns do not wish to perform jobs that entail contact with the public.The children in Izvor are housed in buildings that have been constructed for this purpose in the monasterygrounds.Eleven nuns and three nurses are directly engaged in working with the children, while a physician fromthe village dispensary helps them in providing the children with medical care. A doctor from Kulina usedto prescribe neuropsychiatric therapy, but this supervision has been neglected.The nuns who care for the children spend one year performing this task and are then replaced by anothergroup of nuns.

Views of the staff

Such an institution is necessary in the system of social protection. This home has great difficultiesbecause of its remote location, poor installations, personnel problems, but the public outcry thatfollowed a media campaign managed to attract a large number of donors. This is why there areprospects of a notable improvement in the conditions for providing care to the beneficiaries.


Priorities:• foodstuffs: rice, biscuits, semolina and fruit;• kitchen equipment: dishes, a dish-washer;• cotton fabric for nappies, artificial leather for covering mattresses,

towelling for bedspreads, bed linen, trainers size 35 to 40, underwear, vests for adults, mattresses - large and small;

• other necessary equipment: a washing machine, an ironing press, floor-cleaning machine, TV sets, air conditioning, bio-chemical centrifuge, beds, wardrobes, tables, chairs, gym mats, a computer and a printer.

65

Priorities:• two physicians;• two defectologistst;• a psychologist;• 10 nurses;• three physiotherapists;• 20 carers;• a speech therapist;• an electrician, two kitchen assistants;• consultants: a pediatrician, a dentist, a physiologist, an

epidemiologist, a dermatologist;• training for nurses about novelties in their field, as well as about

working with severely handicapped patients.

• it is considered that if this home were to be separated in the organisational sense from the institution in Kulina, it would greatly help in the functioning of the home.

Priorities:

This block consists of seven buildings:1) Porter's lodge - ground floor residence house;2) Administration, First Aid station;3) Men's pavilion - ground floor plus two storeys;4) Women's pavilion - ground floor plus one storey;5) Children's pavilion - ground floor plus one storey;6) Kitchen block with dining room, laundry, warehouse, boiler room -basement plus ground floor;7) Day room with workshops, classrooms, gym - ground floor.

The entire complex was built in 1986, with flat roofs. There is a farm and an orchard at the lower end ofthe 17-hectare lot, on which the home was erected.The paths and the area around the buildings are cultivated and well maintained. But, the open courts forbasketball and volleyball, as well as the playground in the yard should be completely equipped, since theexisting equipment is totally ruined or nonexistent.The men's pavilion has been completely reconstructed from donations. One more storey and roof havebeen added, and the exterior and interior have been completely renovated. The furniture is completelynew.The same scale of reconstruction was planned for the women's and the children's pavilions, which are ina very bad state.The three remaining buildings also require complete reconstruction (except for the building with theporter's lodge).

• complete reconstruction of the three buildings that have not been renovated so far;

• cultivation of open spaces.

66

The work of this home is to provide care, health protection, education, vocational training and worktherapy for children and youth with moderate or serious mental disabilities. The home's capacity is 320and the current number of patients is 316.Among the patients, there are 47 children with minor mental disabilities, who have been transferred to thishome from the infirmary in which the children are housed before the classification process. They aresupposed to be in a home for children without parental care because their current environment imposeslimits on their development. Meanwhile, the fact is that the homes for children without parental care haveroom while the institutions for children with disabilities, are overcrowded.Since the home was planned for children with disabilities who do not suffer from additional health andphysical problems, and who can be educated and trained for simple jobs, according to their abilities, itemploys a staff consisting of 23 defectologists, a psychologist, a social worker and nine vocationalinstructors.The life of the children and their education , is organised in groups. All newly admitted children are putin observation groups (three-six months), during which time an evaluation is made of their abilities as wellas interests and characteristics so that they can later be placed in the groups that are the most suitable for

There are 316 children housed in the home in SremËica, and the institution's capacity is 320users. The home provides care for children with special needs, mainly with moderate andminor disabilities. Most users are older than 18 (163). There are 15 children younger thanseven years, 70 are younger than 14 and 68 are aged between 14 and 18 years. There are 243charges in the group of moderately mentally disabled children, 16 suffer from severeimpairments and 24 have minor impairments.Most of the patients have no contact with their relatives: a third of the children have no contact,some seldom have any contact, and a third occasionally receive visits by their parents orrelatives.



Priorities:

3 Home for children with disabilities, SremËicaIX nova 1, 11250 SremËica • Telephone: 011-801-30-93 • Fax: 011-801-33-60

them. For children younger than 15 years, groups are formed according to age and the degree ofimpairment. For those who are older, the groups are also separated according to sexes. For children olderthan 15 years, so-called "care groups" are formed, in which providing care is the primary element, andgroups for work therapy, training and job performance.No work programme is prescribed for their education.Special needs teachers in cooperation with members of a professional team and a physician plan the workwith the group and draw up an individual work plan for each child. In this they adhere to the basicguidelines of the treatment of special needs: socialisation, communication, self-help, physical activities orwork therapy. Here, one should stress the need for a PE teacher or a defectologist, who would be in chargeof the children's physical activities.In the interest of the housed children and in the aim of satisfying their needs in the best possible way, thepersonnel need help in overcoming the crisis of work fatigue and in increasing job motivation.This institution has very well organised production workshops, a printing house and a small farm, whichare the basic requirements for the children's vocational training. For this reason, the home is orientatedtowards admitting children who are able to receive vocational training - moderately retarded children andchildren from the upper limit of serious impairment.In order to maintain efficiency in the protection of children, there are no plans to expand its capacity.

Health protection is fully organised for the users in the home. There are three doctors and 15 trainednurses, which is sufficient for the health service to be fully functional.In addition to humanitarian aid, the home's small farm is an important source of food, because most of thesupplies (meat, fruit, and vegetables) can be supplied from this source.

Views of the staff

It is possible for the home to expand its field of work by organising daycare for children from the territoryof the municipality and by employing the necessary professional workers to organise a group formoderately disabled children with behavioural and psycho-kinetic disorders. There is a possibility forerecting another home to cover social protection needs on the site, which belongs to this institution.

One of the ideas of the staff is to erect a so-called "Swedish village", with houses for couples who wouldlive there under the observation of the institution's teachers.


Priorities:

Priorities:• a special needs teacher for physical education or a PE teacher;• a music therapy teacher;• a speech therapist;• a cleaning lady;• laundry ladies;• male carers;• male carers for the children's ward;• a trained nurse (nutritionist).

Staff training needs:• immediate observation and learning about the work of such

institutions in the countries of West Europe and an exchange of experience;

• "Help the Helpers" seminars on relaxation at work and ways to increase job motivation;

• visits to other homes, exchange of experience;• internal programme of staff training, especially for technical staff and

nurses, about the problems of the mentally impaired.

• medical equipment: two sterilising chambers, an ECG unit, an EEG unit, an ultrasonic unit, a dental X-ray unit, equipment for a mini-laboratory for hepatitis and AIDS tests;

• an ambulance vehicle;• medication: anti-epileptics, anti-psychotics;• new clothes and footwear.

67

The block in Stamnica consists of a main building (A) that was erected in 1985 and 15 ground-floorbuildings, which were erected in 1950. These are old miners’ houses and totally inadequate for thispurpose. They are on the list for demolition in the future phases of construction. The main building is ingood condition. It consists of a technical block, an infirmary and an atomic shelter. The existing project foresees the construction of two wings, consisting of a ground floor plus three storeyseach. The two wings would form a whole with the main building.Since the idea of building the wings was abandoned, the sections meant for the connection between themain buildings and the wings, which are not properly insulated, must be insulated properly, once again. The flat roof between the main and technical block leaks and must be repaired (100 meters square).The elevators in the infirmary are not functional and must be repaired.The problem of the water supply of the entire complex must also be resolved by finding new water sources(exploration is under way now).The boiler house, the laundry and the storehouses, as separate structures, are in bad condition and repairsare necessary.

• resolving the problem with the water supply;• repair of the flat roof;• repairs in the boiler house, laundry and storage;• insulation.

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The institution in Stamnica houses children, youth and adults with serious and severe mental disabilities,as well as charges with multiple disabilities. The institution was formed in 1964 as a home for shelteringchildren. In the network of social welfare institutions, it was designated as a home for adults with seriousmental disabilities in 1991, but it actually always remained an institution for housing mentally disabledchildren. This 1991 decision had its effect on the home's staff regulations.The capacity of the home is 450 users. There are currently 429 users, of whom 166 are children, agedfrom six to 24 years. All the children have been placed here in care on the basis of findings by commissionsfor the classification of children and youth with disabilities. Among the older users there are some whohave been placed here according to the findings of health commissions for the disabled.There are seven persons in the home with autistic disorders that are more difficult to protect fromaggression or auto-aggression when they are indoors (when they are outdoors they are neither upset noraggressive). Approximately 40 users with moderate disabilities are also kept in the home, mostly becauseof additional health and physical disorders. Preparation is under way for the transfers of younger, mobileusers with moderate disabilities, whose recovery process is complete and who are attending vocationaltraining.The housed children and adults are provided with the services of social care, hygiene and health care andtreatment, education, work and occupational therapy and recreational activities.The home is located in a 10-hectare park area. The housing facilities are located in this area and include anew central building for the management, administration, health and social protection services. The wardfor bedridden children is also located in the central building. Other children and adults are housed in 14

There are 429 charges housed in the home for impaired children and youth inStamnica, mostly older than 18 years. The home's capacity is 450 users. They arehoused in pavilions, which are actually old miners' houses built in the first half of the20th century. The living conditions in these facilities are extremely unsuitable.The home accommodates charges with serious, severe or moderate disabilities. Thereare 39 bedridden cases.



Priorities:

4 Special institution for children and youth"Dr Nikola ©umenkoviÊ", StamnicaStamnica, 12300 Petrovac na Mlavi • Telephone: 012-348-042 • Fax: 012-348-113

houses-pavilions. Construction plans are now being designed for a new building, where 80 children willbe housed, financed by the French Red Cross.The children in the home primarily need physical and health care and treatment. A physician is engagedin this work, together with 25 trained nurses, a laboratory technician and 80 carers. There is nophysiotherapist in the institution, which is necessary for the treatment of physical disabilities and for theprevention of secondary injuries.One social worker and one defectologist are in charge of social care and education. One defectologistcannot successfully organise, carry out and supervise the work on encouraging the development,socialisation, communication, self-help training and physical activities of this number of children andadults.Trained nurses and carers are engaged to work directly with the children. They receive the basicinstructions for stimulating the development and sensory improvement of the most seriously disabledchildren. The defectologist, in co-operation with the nurses and carers, works on basic training in hygieneand self-help with the severely disabled by means of a game for stimulating communication andsocialisation. All mobile older and adult users are engaged in regular chores in the home and on the smallfarm, but they also help in looking after and helping the bedridden.The institution also attaches great importance to preserving the children's contact with their parents andfamilies, and parents are provided with transport from Petrovac to the home, a place to spend the nightand suchlike.

The crucial problem of the home, which has an impact on the health protection of the beneficiaries, is thelack of clean drinking water. Because of this, there was a hepatitis epidemic in the home during severalmonths of 2000. The staff also underline the problem of the medical treatment of the users suffering fromchronic diseases (celiac disease, epilepsy, TB).The institution has an organised health service, consisting of one physician, 20 trained nurses and onelaboratory technician. Medical specialists are also engaged on a part-time basis.Food for the patients is provided by means of regular donations from international humanitarianorganisations.

Views of the staff

The institution should preserve its profile, and therefore remain a home for children with serious andsevere disabilities. In order to improve the functioning of the home, it is necessary to complete theconstruction of the new housing facility.


Priorities:

Priorities:• one social worker;• three defectologists (in order to cover two shifts);• a physician;• two physiotherapists;• a painter, a construction worker, a carpenter.

Staff training needs:• seminars for all staff on the problems of the development of children

with mental disabilities, and on stimulating their development.

• renewal of laboratory equipment (hematology counter, chemicals, test tubes, pipettes;

• reconstruction of the quarantine pavilion;• equipping of the X-ray room;• medical material and equipment: a kit for minor surgical

interventions, anti-tetanus kits, tuberculostatics, drums for the distribution of medicines and a cart, gynaecological spirals, permanent catheters, gloves, masks, stethoscopes, blood pressure measuring kits, a syringe for ear rinsing, a kidney basin;

• food supplies: honey, fresh yeast, fruit;• footwear: rubber slippers, trainers, galoshes, new clothes for almost

all the users;• other equipment necessary in the home: TV and radio sets, beds,

boilers, a 125kW-generator, an ironing press, a camera, and an announcement system.

69

The boarding house is situated in the loft of a three-storey building, erected in 1988. The structure is infairly good condition.The heating in the loft is not good, and the radiators are insufficient. One of the priorities is the problemof additional heating.Besides, the wooden outer windows are in poor condition, most of which cannot shut properly,additionally aggravates the heating problem. The windows need repairing or replacement.The hydro insulation in the bathrooms must be renewed, as well as some minor repairs done on taps,showers, fans and some bath tubs.The dining doom and the kitchen on the ground floor require more serious interventions. The furniture inthe dining room is completely ruined, particularly the tables, which should be replaced with new ones.The kitchen, which supplies several children's homes with meals, should be totally reconstructed and newequipment purchased. The home lacks storage space.

• resolving the problem of additional heating;• new outer windows;• hydro insulation in the bathrooms;• adaptation of the kitchen and dining room.

70

This home provides accommodation for 106 children, and its capacity is 110. It isconsidered that this planned capacity is insufficient and that it should be expanded. Allchildren regularly attend a special education programme.


Priorities:

Centre for daycare and accommodation ofchildren with disabilities5

a)

The centre in Belgrade is a complex institution in terms of organisation (with two infirmaries and fivedaycare units), in terms of its founders (the city, the Republic), sources of income (republican and citybudgets and the Republican health insurance fund), and from the aspect of the disabilities of the childrenit caters for (children with impaired hearing, children with mental disabilities and autistic children). Thefacilities are located in different areas.The infirmaries are a boarding home and daycare for children and youth with hearing impairments and theinfirmary for autistic children and youth. The daycare centres for autistic children are located in Belgrade,Diljska 12 and Kornelija StankoviÊa 13. The daycare centres for children and youth with mental disabilitiesare in Belgrade, ©ekspirova bb, in Zemun and in Obrenovac. Such a complex institution with dislocatedfacilities has trouble in functioning (for example preparation and distribution of food, laundry,warehousing of goods, maintenance, transportation of children and suchlike), because their capacities donot satisfy the current needs.In the organisational sense, the institution has a joint administrative, financial and technical service, adirector and a professional planning team, the organisation and carrying out of social care, education,health and hygiene protection work. Every organisational unit has its own manager and is independent inthe immediate protection of users.

Boarding home for deaf childrenSvetozara MarkoviÊa 58, 11000 Belgrade • Telephone: 011-683-487

The boarding home for children and youth with impaired hearing accommodates children who attendelementary or secondary schools for children with hearing impairments. The capacity of the home is 110in the boarding home and 10 in the daycare centre for children of pre-school age with impaired hearing.All children regularly attend school so their education and the organisation of their life are relativelysimple.The teachers are qualified (with college or university degrees) for working with children who have specialneeds and they are specialists for working with persons with impaired hearing.Education is carried out according to the plan and programme for children with impaired hearing,recommended by the Education Council of Serbia in 1978, and according to the regulations on educationand the organisation of life and work in homes for pupils, passed by the Ministry of Education in 1997.According to its function and the organisation of work, this home corresponds to institutions within theeducation system and should formally belong to this network of institutions. One should add that themanagement, administrative and financial services are located in the premises on the boarding house,which disturbs the work and life of the children. Apart from that, the kitchen, with a planned capacity onlyfor this home, is overburdened because it is used for preparing food for the children in the other facilitiesof the centre.

The staff have pointed out that in the functioning of health protection for the children in the home, it wouldgreatly help to improve collaboration with health institutions, which currently boils down to "pullingstrings" through personal connections. In this sense, cooperation with the dental service, which has so farbeen paid for, would also be useful.

Views of the staff

The boarding home should be separated from the organisation of the centre because according to itsfunction, the home is a part of the educational system.Furthermore, if the boarding home is to be separated from the centre for daycare and the accommodationof children and youth with disabilities, one should bear in mind that new premises will be needed for theCentre's general services, as well as an alternative way for providing meals for children in the Centre'sother organisational units.Besides singling out the boarding home for children with impaired hearing as a typically educationalinstitution, an increase of the Centre's overall capacities is also planned, by the opening of such facilitiesin all the Belgrade municipalities. In this framework there should also be a possibility for children to stayin daycare for several days. Such a system would help families in caring for their impaired children over alonger period of time. If such an institution is closer to the family's place of residence, it becomes easierto use it, the child will be able to adjust more easily and move more freely in its environment. Such asystem would make the local community more interested in helping the institution and its children in aconcrete way.


Priorities:

Priorities:• the home lacks special teaching aids for children with impaired

hearing and individual hearing aids, in the process of education;• the training of teachers and nurses for working with the parents of

disabled children.

• supplies: special supplies for certain kinds of diets, special vitamins, honey, meat (except chicken), bioprotein flour, fruit, vegetables, margarine;

• a partial renewal of kitchen equipment;• new clothes and seasonal footwear are needed, although the parents

provide clothes and footwear.

71


The building is located in a residential area. It was built in 1996 and is in good condition.The windows and window cases are in poor condition and should be repaired or replaced.The furniture and equipment are also in good condition, except for the observation by the staff that thefurniture has sharp edges and is not high enough should be replaced with more suitable items, while thisfurniture should be given to some other children's home.The jacuzzi in the bathroom next to the gym needs repairing.

• replacement of windows and window cases in the loft;• replacement of some of the furniture;• repairs on the Jakuzzi.

72

The daycare for autistic children is located in Diljska Street, in a separate house that was converted for thispurpose in 1996. The state of the interior and the equipment for working with the children is satisfactory.The staff pay attention to the functionality and esthetics of the equipment they use, which indicates theiractive approach, the adequate engagement of the children, and there is careful observation and alertnessto any possible outbursts of aggression.Aggressiveness is not excluded and it is usually connected with an interruption in taking the necessarymedication.Nine defectologists and 10 nurses take care of the 28 children, who are organised in five groups. Theinstitution is supposed to have a PE teacher and carers. The employment of this staff would create theoptimum conditions for working with the children.Since these are children primarily with a health problem, they are under the constant supervision of themedical staff, nurses, and once a week they see a specialist from the centre.Since April 2000, an experiment has been under way in the institution, involving a specialregime of meals without white wheat flour, a new method applied in the world in the treatmentof autism. The method is expected to show its full effect after two years of implementation,

There are 28 users, aged between three and 14, who stay every day in this home thatprovides daycare for autistic children. Twenty-three of the children are aged betweenseven and 14, while only five are younger than seven years.All the beneficiaries are autistic.



Priorities:

b) Daycare for autistic childrenDiljska 12, 11000 Belgrade • Telephone: 011-783-230

and the institution's staff have noted an improvement in the children whose parents adhere tothe instructions regarding meals at home.The so-called Belgrade integration method is applied in education and upbringing, encompassing theorganisation of life and teaching children with special needs, which is adjusted to the needs andcapabilities of autistic children. This programme envisages a well-structured daily regime, self-helptraining, socialisation in closed and open social environments, speech therapy through organised activitiesand, individually, physical exercise and activities, work on education through musical, visual and verbalcontents, and handiwork and individual exercises to re-educate psycho-motorial functions.

10 nurses from the centre provide health care with a physician regularly on duty, who is also the head ofthe Centre's health service.

Views of the staff

In order to maintain the performance standard of this institution, the staff's job motivation and the levelof interest in this domain must be stimulated through organising supplementary training that deals withscientific novelties and new practices in the treatment of autism at seminars or through some other formof work, specialization, or occasional training for co-operation and working with the parents of childrenwith disabilities or ill children.


Priorities:

Priorities:• specialization at the Faculty of Defectology;• additional training for work with the parents of disabled children.

• medicines: Neuleptil drops, Efitil, Mazepin...;• supplies: because of the diet being implemented in the home, fruit is

needed - kiwi, oranges, tangerines, melons, water-melons;• kitchen equipment: two large saucepans, stainless steel baking tins,

a cooker, a deep freezer, a multipractic, an additional 50-liter chamber for the refrigerator;

• tracksuits, trainers and slippers;• other necessary equipment: rubber footholds for stairs, uniforms for

the staff and the children, equipment for the gym, a computer, a closed circuit video system for monitoring the children.

73

The facility is located in the residential part of the central town area, in a very solid building, erected inthe 1930s.The interior is in very good condition and the furniture is satisfactory. The roof windows in the loft leak.The windows in all the rooms do not shut and seal properly and should be repaired or replaced.The parquet on the first floor and in the rooms is covered with carpeting because it is totally ruined. Newparquet flooring should be laid.There are two apartments that are private property within the home block. One is 50 square meters andis situated on the ground floor, while the other is approximately the same size and is in the house in theyard. There is a possibility of making a deal with the tenants and moving them out to some other, adequatelocations. That would mean a major extension of the children's home.It is also possible to add another storey to the building in the back yard.

• new roof windows and all other windows;• new parquet flooring.

74

This institution provides daycare, health protection, education, teaching children with special needs andwork therapy for autistic youth that live with their families.The institution caters for 30 young persons with autism, who are older than 15 years, in five groups. Sevendefectologists, seven trained nurses and one PE teacher work with them. The need has become evident toemploy a physiotherapist, as well as for part-time music and visual art teachers.The programme applied in working with children with special needs consists of continual training in self-help, self-care, socialisation in the internal and external environments, physical activities inside theinstitution and outside it, communication through activity, and individual attention.Life in the institution evolves in the same rhythm every day, which is important for autistic persons. Worktherapy is an important aspect of defectological work (working with wool, weaving and tapestry, workingwith clay, making wicker items, and making PVC bags).

Thirty beneficiaries with autistic disorders stay in this institution every day. They arechildren aged between 14 and 18 (11), and children older than 18 years (19). Amongthese children are 24 patients with multiple disabilities, two children are blind, fivesuffer from serious and one from moderate mental disabilities.



Priorities:

c) Daycare for children and youth with autismKornelija StankoviÊa 13, 11000 Belgrade • Telephone: 011-435-115 • Fax: 011-683- 487

Seven trained nurses from the centre, supervise the health condition of the patients with a doctor, the headof the Centre's medical service, who is regularly in attendance. There are difficulties in providing medicaltreatment for additional health problems in special institutions, because physicians of other profiles do notknow about the problems of autism. This is a common problem in all the institutions that care for autisticchildren.

Views of the staff

Working conditions are favourable, the staff's job motivation is good and should be maintained by meansof organising interesting seminars about working with autistic children and cooperation with their parents.


Priorities:

Priorities:• a physiotherapist;• music and visual art teachers.

Staff training needs:• therapy techniques for working with patients;• additional staff training for working with parents.

• medication: Novalgetol ampoules, Akineton ampoules, Bensedin, anti-histaminics, liquid Liobif, medical coal (charcoal);

• medical equipment: thermometers, spatulas, a weight and height measuring unit;

• supplies: fruit for autistic children's diet, margarine, fresh vegetables;

• kitchen equipment: a deep freezer (50 liters), saucepans and dishes, cutlery, a cooker, a dish washer, a refrigerator;

• tracksuits, underwear, socks, vests, trainers, slippers;• one transport vehicle;• other equipment necessary for the home: tables for the daycare

rooms, couches, a washing-machine, PE apparatus (gladiator, gym mats, horizontal bars, Swedish box), mirrors, wardrobe, loudspeakers, flooring tiles for the dining room.

75

The day care home for mentally retarded children is a prefabricated ground floor building. Its roof has beenreconstructed and the building was repainted three years ago.Considering the type of building, it is in good condition. The home has a very large yard with a circular running track and some playground equipment (swings,jungle gym).The children's parents have suggested that a solid building be erected on this site, and they are willing toparticipate in its construction. The aim of this would be a new, combined infirmary and part infirmary/daycare home. At present the heating is the only major problem, The boiler room the school is connected to is in thebuilding of the Academy of Pedagogy. Due to the different working hours and school holidays of these twoinstitutions, the home is very often left without heating.The installed electric power is insufficient for additional electrical heating. The best solution to thisproblem would be to separate the heating systems of the two institutions.The school needs one more telephone line.

• resolving the problem of heating, since the day care home is connected to the heating system of the adjacent building;

• an additional telephone line.

76

This home for children and youth with mental disabilities provides 12-hour daycare, health supervision,education and work therapy for children and youth whose intellectual development is impeded to a degreethat does not permit them to become literate or educated even through special programmes, and who livewith their parents.There are 80 children in ©ekspirova Street. Eleven defectologists, qualified for working with patientssuffering from oligophrenia, four nurses and a PE teacher work with them, while a professional teamconsisting of a physician, a defectologists, a social worker and a speech therapist work with them once aweek, or according to the patients' needs.The number of children and their 12-hour daily stay is on the verge of becoming a burden and disruptingthe well-organised work schedule and reducing the staff's efficiency. There is no prescribed programmefor the education of the children with moderate mental disabilities. Instead, activities are plannedaccording to the areas of defectology that have become accepted in practice (socialisation, self-help,communication, psycho-motorial exercises, art education and vocational training). Defectological work isperformed in groups and the children's achievements are monitored individually.

This institution cares for 75 children and young people daily, mostly with moderateand severe mental disabilities. The premises are in a prefabricated, single-storeybuilding, surrounded by a large yard. Most users are aged between 20 and 30 (58). Thecharacteristic problem of this home is that the parents of the users are mostly olderpeople, who retired long ago, and are often unable to take care of their children whospend the day in the home. The parents launched an initiative to raise funds for theconstruction of a new, solid brick housing facility.



Priorities:

d) Daycare for mentally retarded children and youth©ekspirova bb, 11000 Belgrade • Telephone: 011-622-745

Work therapy consists of handicrafts, such as sewing, knitting, weaving and tapestry, making small leatheritems, making plastic bags.

Four nurses are in charge of supervising the patients' health and a physician - the head of the Centre'shealth service - comes to the institution once a week.

Views of the staff

Occasional lectures on news in the theory and practice of defectology are required to maintain thestandard of work in the institution, as well as training the staff for working with the parents of childrenwith disabilities.


Priorities:

Priorities:• two defectologists;• one nurse because of the children's sensitivity and the possibility of

them injuring themselves.

Staff training needs:• brief seminars about innovations in defectological theory and

practice;• medical training about the chief health problems of this population;• training of all the staff for working with the parents of disabled

children.

• medication: anti-epileptics, sedatives;• medical equipment: blood pressure measuring unit, spatulas,

uniforms for the staff;• kitchen equipment: a cooker, a dish washer, refrigerator-freezer (50

liters), equipment for a domestic science cabinet, saucepans and dishes for the kitchen;

• tracksuits, trainers;• other necessary equipment: a moving belt for the gym, two static

bicycles, and a button-making machine.

77

The building appears to be in good condition. It is a two-storey building, with a sloping roof, covered withcorrugated asbestos cement sheets, built in the 1960s.The infirmary lacks a rehabilitation department, and there has been a proposal to adapt the loft for thatpurpose, or to build an additional storey on top of the building.The interior is in satisfactory condition. There is no isolation room, while the nurse's room needs furniture.Currently, the outer windows are being repaired.Equipment and furniture are non-existant, except beds, which are in bad condition and they do not havemattresses with protective plastic covers, or any bed linen. There is absolutely no furniture in the dayroom. It should be completely refurnished.The dining room and the bathrooms should be completely reconstructed. The yard around the building is fenced off and arranged as a park, but there is no recreation equipmentfor the youngsters.

• adaptation of the loft into a rehabilitation department;• an isolation room;• new furniture and equipment;• reconstruction of the dining room and bathrooms.

78

This infirmary for autism belongs to the network of social care institutions. It is located in a convertedbuilding that used to be a school. The capacity is 42 users. The institution was planned to house childrenand youth but as time passed the number of users became adults; therefore the prospects are that theinfirmary will become an institution for housing adults. Moreover, the patients are from Belgrade; theirparents are attached to them and are getting old, so the likelihood of them taking their children backhome, or travelling, if an institution for adults is formed outside Belgrade, is remote.The number of beneficiaries and requests for admission illustrate the need for such an institution to existin Belgrade, and raise the question of the need to expand the capacity of the home to cater both forchildren and adults. It is especially important that an infirmary exists for autistic children with additionaldisorders, who are without parental care. The capacity need not be large, but such an institution mustexist.The infirmary's location in a city environment is not very suitable. Many years of experience show thatautistic people feel comfortable in open spaces, in nature and they enjoy physical activity. The currentenvironment is not suitable for going for walks, although the equipped gym and the possibility to erectadditional facilities in the yard for physical activities and sports could provide opportunities for them tosatisfy their need for physical movement.

This infirmary provides permanent accommodation for 43 patients, all diagnosed assuffering from autism. The capacity of the home that only recently received someequipment (since it used to be one of the most poorly equipped homes) is 41.Most users (24) are older than 18 years. There are seven children aged between sevenand 14 years.



Priorities:

e ) Infirmary for children and youth suffering from autismAutoput bb, Beæanijska kosa, 11080 Zemun • Telephone: 011-605-274

The users suffer from serious or severe disorders in their intellectual development, and besides autisticdisorders they suffer from additional health problems. There are also users with other mental disabilities.In view of their age, few patients are likely to make any progress in their development, so health andphysical care is primary in the organisation of their lives, and in defectological work it is the organising ofphysical activities, work therapy, permanent training in order to preserve what has been accomplished inthe domain of self-help, hygiene, socialisation and communication.The staff who work directly with the patients are defectologists, trained nurses and carers. More carers areneeded. A great advantage for the residents is the PE teacher, who organizes and helps them with physicalactivities, exercises in the gym and outdoors. There is also a vacancy for a physiotherapist in order to maketheir treatment more complete.A medical specialist is in charge of organising health care and prescribing therapy, and comes to work inthe infirmary one day in the week. Ten nurses, working in three shifts, monitor the patients' health andadminister treatment.A problem in providing health care for these patients is that it is difficult to send them for treatment in cityhealth institutions. These institutions are reluctant to admit patients from this infirmary, or they are unableto establish the proper communication with them to make it possible to provide adequate treatment.

Eleven nurses monitor the patients' health, and a doctor - the head of the Centre's health service, comesto the institution once a week.

Views of the staff

To meet the needs of Belgrade and the entire Republic, it is necessary to expand the capacities for thepermanent housing of autistic children and adults.In order to provide better care and treatment for persons with autism, the staff need occasional refreshercourses, as well as training for new staff in the problems and treatment of autism. In addition, it isimportant to maintain the level of knowledge of all the staff for working and collaborating with the parentsof children with disabilities. The experts from the centre can perform permanent education and training,because the institution has professional staff who are highly qualified in this field.


Priorities:

Priorities:• a physiotherapist;• two carers;• two nurses.

Staff training needs:• specific training in the domain of health for all staff;• computer training;• training for working with the parents of disabled children.

• medication: Largaktil, Fenargan, antibiotics;• medical equipment: medical material, medicine cabinet, hygiene and

cleaning articles;• supplies: honey, milk, fruit juices, fruit and vegetables;• kitchen equipment: a cooker, a deep freezer, a refrigerator, crockery

for the dining-room;• new clothes, bed linen, underwear and socks;• one transport vehicle;• other equipment needed in the home: 1-2 washing-machines and 1-

2 tumble dryers.

79

80

81 81

Institutions for education of children and youth

82

INTRODUCTION

According to the decision of the Centre for Social Work (which includes the view of therelevant ministry that applies to children below 14 years of age) or on the basis of a courtdecision, children and young people who violate the generally accepted social rules ofbehaviour in certain situations are sent to suitable educational institutions that providethem with protection, education and health care. Placing a child in an educationalinstitution is a measure that relies on two fundamental premises: a criminal legal basis, anda social and a family legal basis. In the former case, this measure may be pronounced forcriminally liable juveniles who need to be under constant professional supervision. In thelatter case, guardianship authorities have the possibility of sending children below the ageof 14 years, who are not criminally liable but have committed a criminal offence, as well aschildren and young people whose life and development have been at risk and deviant foryears, to this kind of institution.In the legal system of the Republic of Serbia, these institutions are called Institutions for theEducation of Children and Youth and, in Serbia, there are currently three such institutions:The Institution for the Education of Children and Youth in Belgrade, the Institution for theEducation of Children and Youth in Knjaæevac and the Institution for Education in Niπ. Themembers of the YuCRC team of professionals also inspected these institutions in the courseof the project The Situation Of Children In Institutions For Social Care In Serbia.The complex and heterogeneous structure of the children who are placed in institutions aswell as the complexity of the problems these institutions deal with inevitably imposes thequestion of them continuing to function effectively. As an illustration, we only mention theInstitution for the Education of Children and Youth in Belgrade, which came into being byjoining three institutions: the "Vasa StajiÊ" Home, the Shelter for Children and Youth and theInstitution for the Education of Children and Youth, where two organisational units operatetoday: the unit for institutional treatment and the shelter, with its admission department.The case is similar regarding the institutions in Knjaæevac and Niπ, particularly in regard ofthe heterogeneous composition of their occupants. Here, we pay special attention to thefact that in the absence of special institutions for the accommodation of child and youngcriminal offenders, and children with deviant behaviour, with additional physical or mentaldisabilities, they are accommodated in the aforementioned educational institutions. Thispractice brings the professional work of these institutions into question, therefore thedemand for opening special institutions or institutions for this category of children,imposes itself as a dire necessity.In the course of this project, besides these institutions, the members of the expert teamfrom the YuCRC also visited two institutions that are not under the jurisdiction of theRepublic of Serbia's Ministry of Social Affairs: The Correctional Institution in Kruπevac andthe Juvenile Prison in Valjevo. The Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Serbia is responsiblefor these two institutions and the decision to institutionalise offenders in a house ofcorrection or a penalty of juvenile prison is served in them, based on a court decisionissued to the young perpetrators of criminal acts. In view of the fact that there are childrenin these institutions for whom the Convention on the Rights of the Child seeks specialtreatment and protection, we believed it was necessary to visit these institutions as well.We also consider it necessary to stress that the separate legislative responsibility of twoministries, the Ministry of Justice and the Ministry of Social Affairs, is not the best solutionregarding these institutions, in the context of their effectiveness. In that sense, we believethat future legislative changes must take this fact into account, as well.

83

CUMULATIVE TABLE 3Institutions of Education

The building appears in fairly good condition. The flat roof leaks. The problem has been partly resolvedby the construction of a sloping roof atop the management building, and the rest should be resolved inthe same way.The interior of the building looks good on the ground floor and first floor; except there is practically nofurniture or equipment. The door cases have been destroyed and beds, cupboards and other equipmentare in very poor condition and must be repaired or replaced. The second floor cannot be used due to the roof leaking. The reconstruction and repair of the flooringbegan but now, that is also in jeopardy due to the leaking roof.The repair of the roof is urgent i.e. the complete structure must have a sloping roof.

• construction of a sloping roof on the remaining part of the building;• new furniture in the dormitories and day rooms.

84

The Institution for Education in Knjaæevac was founded in 1948. The children moved into the present,specially built premises in 1974. The facility was built with a capacity for 84 places, or seven educationalgroups. In recent years, part of the home has been used to shelter refugees, and the institution used thepremises for six educational groups. Since the number of refugees has diminished and there is more freespace in the home, there are plans to remain at a capacity of six educational groups, to maintain efficiency,and equip the space, which would have been used for a seventh educational group, for spare time activitiesand other forms of work with the children.Besides the accommodation facility, there is also a school for the elementary education of the children inthis institution. There is a farm on the premises to train the children to work and its produce is used tocover the needs of the institution.This institution houses children of both sexes, aged seven to 14 years, and according to the instructionsof the relevant ministry, the children may remain in the home till they are 17 years of age, that is, whilethey can still regularly acquire an elementary school education, in keeping with the Elementary EducationAct.There are seven teachers, pedagogues with a college or university degree, who are specialists in the fieldof resocialisation, employed in the educational process, as required by the regulations. The institution hasdifficulty in getting a psychologist, and in the past few months, a pedagogue was absent from work, whichplaced an additional burden on the other teachers.Education is carried out in the educational groups, five of which follow the general education programme,and one that is an observation group in which there is always a sufficient number of newcomers. In the

The Home for the education of youth accommodates 66 children. Its capacity is 72places. Most of the children are from seven to 14 years of age (45). They include 26children who suffer from minor mental disabilities, and 14 of them periodically receivetreatment for these disorders.



Priorities:

1 Home for the education of youth, KnjaæevacBore StankoviÊa bb, 19350 Knjaæevac • Telephone: 019-761-835, 731-426 • Fax: 019-731-332

latter group, additional diagnoses are made and the children are helped to adapt to the new conditionsand begin their treatment of resocialisation. Another teacher is needed for this group because of the needfor constant supervision and the need to work with it, all day.The programmes and plans of educational work are based on the general principles of special and generalpedagogy and psychology and experience, observing of new forms of behaviour and new problems withchildren (a high degree of neglect in upbringing, maladjustment, psychiatric disorders, a high percentageof mental retardation, combined with other problems).The institution is organised so as to keep the children occupied with work, recreation and leisure. The children do the household chores in the institution and work in the yard, the orchard and on the farm.The tasks are adjusted to the interests and abilities of the children and they are encouraged to work withrewards.The home is fairly well integrated in the local environment where there is no antagonism towards thesechildren. This helps in the socialisation of the children and in controlling their behaviour outside theinstitution.Considerable funds are needed for the development of the institution, in order to secure all the equipmentthat is needed for the children's activities. The local community does not have enough donors to coverthese needs. It is important to mention that the institution has a clear concept and precise plans regardingthis equipment, and that it is gradually carrying them out.

General and specialised medical institutions provide health care to the children in the institute, when thisis necessary. The teachers supervise the children's health, even though they are not trained for this. Theorganisation of work is such that they do not have enough time to take the children to the doctor.The worst problems in education and the process of protection are children and young people with mentalhealth problems as a result of which their behaviour is asocial.In Knjaæevac, the specialised health service is not well developed.It is necessary to open a post for a trained nurse because of all the risks the children in the home areexposed to.

Views of the staff

In co-operation with the Centre for Social Work, the home in Knjaæevac plans to open a day-care centre forlocal children with behavioural and social development problems.It has signed a protocol on co-operation with the Faculty of Defectology in Belgrade, to help link theoryand practice in defectology. In order to promote educational work in the institute, the staff need supplementary training aboutnovelties in the theory of resocialisation and practical defectological work.


Priorities:

Priorities:• a trained nurse;• a teacher for the second shift, for carrying out the observation group

programme;• a teacher for leisure;• a worker - instructor, to carry out the work programmes;• finding someone to fill in the continually advertised vacancy for a

psychologist.

Staff training needs:• supplementary training about new trends in the practice and theory

of defectology.

• blood pressure measuring unit, sterilising chamber;• a transport vehicle;• other necessary equipment in the home: TV sets and stereos, CD

players, computers, a photo-laboratory, billiard tables, table tennis boards.

85

The block consists of three buildings, for housing the children, the school, and the management.One of them is being used to house refugees.The overall condition is catastrophic. The facades of all the structures are in very bad condition since thereare no roof gutters. The gym and a few workshops have been renovated, but are now in jeopardy because the gutters havedisintegrated. New gutters must be installed urgently. Heating is another urgent problem that need to be resolved in the new project of installations. There is aboiler room, and there is enough fuel, but the heating not good. It is necessary to inspect the system andfind the solution to the problem.The equipment in the school is practically nonexistent, though the premises for the accommodation ofchildren are in no better condition. Tables, chairs, cupboards and the day room furniture and equipmentare missing.The capacity of each of the three facilities is about 30 children, and only 16 children were there at the timeof this survey, so it might be reasonable to reconsider the need for an institution with this capacity. One of the solutions could be to change the purpose of some parts of the block.

• construction of new rain gutters;• the connection of the existing heating system to the municipality

heating system;• converting the boiler room into storage space;• to replace the missing furniture (chairs, tables, cupboards);• renovation of pavilion III currently used by refugees;• renovation of electricity installations, plumbing and drainage

system;• renovation of the school workshop.

86

The Institution for education in Niπ accommodates boys with behavioural disorders, aged from 14 to 18years who are sent here by instruction of the Centre for Social Work, and charges who have been sentencedby the court to be remanded in an institution of education (children over the age of 14 years, while themeasure of education may expire at the age of 21 years).The real capacity of the institution is 48 places because one housing facility has been used for severalyears to house refugees. The number of children on the list is between 30 and 40, but in actual fact thereare fewer children and their composition keeps changing.In the yard of the Institution is a school, which has a very well equipped gym (adapted and equipped bythe International Red Cross organisation). The Institution has an equipped admission department thatprovides shelter to fugitive and street children for a period of up to seven days. It employs six teachers, two psychologists, a pedagogue and a social worker for education and the generalcare of the children.

The Institution for education in Niπ has a capacity of 48 places and it includes anadmission department. On the day of the survey, there were 33 children in the officialrecord, whereas, in actual fact only 16 were present. Part of this facility is used toshelter refugees. About one third of the charges are slightly mentally disabled. Thechildren are between 14 and 18 years of age, and only three, at the time of the survey,were older than 18 years.



Priorities:

2 Institution for the education of youth, NiπBoæidarËeva 37, 18000 Niπ • Telephone: 018-43-619 • Fax: 018-43-618

Educational work is programmed and planned according to the principles of general treatment for classicalresocialisation which involves working in educational groups, abiding by the daily timetable of activities,obligatory education, spare time activities and so on.The reduced number of occupants and the different set of problems that burden them (mental disability,neglected education, life outside an organised environment, drug addiction, mental disorders, bad habits,serious criminal offences and so on) have made it necessary to organise work with the childrenindividually.A significant number of children with mental disorders receive treatment in an infirmary or outpatientclinic in co-operation with the town's health services.Owing to the age of the children, the school in the Institution is designed as a school for vocationaltraining. Many of the children without elementary schooling complete their elementary education in a fastelementary education course for adults.Jobs in the institution consist only of tidying the rooms and the yards (which are arranged and tidy), butthe workshops (carpentry and precision mechanics) are disordered and unequipped (the equipment isunusable).A number of the children work for private businesses in the town and earn some money, and their socialexperience is not supervised by the teacher. The children do not have regular or sufficient pocket money.The furniture and equipment in the dormitories and other rooms in the facility are ruined or do not exist.

Health care in the home is provided in co-operation with the health institutions in Niπ, which is very good.Otherwise, the home does not employ a trained nurse and the children's health is at great risk.

The charges have very few clothes and footwear. They need new clothing.

Views of the staff

This kind of institution for the education of male juveniles is necessary in this area; therefore, it shouldcontinue to exist, but it should only accommodate young people who have been sentenced by court tocorrective educational measures. In that case, it should belong within the justice system.


Priorities:

Priorities:• specialised training on non-violent communication with young

people with criminal tendencies;• training for work with abused children;• training for work with children inclined to drug abuse, mentally

disabled children and children unused to an organised life;• emphasis on planning workshops for work therapy adjusted to the

category of children in this institution.

• kitchen equipment: a cooking stove, a dishwasher, and a fan;• other necessary equipment in the home: equipment for the

educational groups (wardrobes, a TV set and a radio), a computer for the professional team.

87

The building was constructed in 1919, and renovated in 1955. It is in very good condition, with a newfacade and a repaired roof. The interior should be completely restored. The woodwork is in poor condition, from the entrance doorthat does not close, and the interior doors (mostly broken or torn out) to the windows which need repairingor replacement.The flooring is also in a bad state (ceramic tiles and parquet in the rooms) and should be repaired orrenewed.The furniture in the day rooms and dormitories is completely dilapidated or missing, and new beds,cupboards, shelves, tables, and chairs must be purchased.The bathrooms need to be completely renovated, and have new fittings.The gym in the basement has no equipment or adequate ventilation, and the parquet floor is ruined. Newflooring must be laid, a ventilation system installed and new equipment purchased.The telephone network the building should be checked and repaired.The loft above the admission department was destroyed in a fire. Only the roof has been repaired so far.It is necessary to renovate these premises and put them to use.

• new woodwork: windows, interior and entrance doors;• new furniture (beds, shelves, cupboards, tables, and chairs).

88

The Institution for the Education of Youth in Belgrade is a complex institution consisting of twoorganisational units, an institution for treatment and a shelter. It came into being by amalgamating threeinstitutions, the "Vasa StajiÊ" Home, the Shelter for Children and Youth, and the Institution for theEducation of Children and Youth - Belgrade, the so-called Central Shelter.The institution’s capacity is 90 places, 60 for accommodation in the Institution, and 30 in the shelter andthe admission department. The "Vasa StajiÊ" School is also part of the institution, where the majority ofchildren housed in the institution and the shelter, who spend a longer period of time in this form of care,attend school.The Institution's two organisational units were in separate buildings until 1998. The shelter was inZveËanska Street No.52, a facility that had been specially built for that purpose, which is now the Homefor secondary school children and student youth.By combining these two organisational units the institution did not achieve the proper functionalconnection. Owing to the different structures of the children, there is a need for the children from theshelter to be protected from possible negative experiences in mingling with the children from theinstitution, and this is achieved by the children in the shelter practically being shut inside one facility ofthe institution. In order for the shelter to function adequately, it is likely that the best solution would beto move it to new premises.Children of both sexes from the age of seven to 18 years are accommodated in the institution, that is, untilthe measure of being sent to an institution of education has expired, and that means that they may stayin the institution until the age of 21 years.The shelter and the admission department take in children and young people who live on the street or areneglected in some other way, and they stay here until they return to their families or the environmentwhere they live, or until the guardianship authorities find other adequate measures of protection.The basis for placing children in the institution, but also to the shelter, points to the heterogeneous



Priorities:

3 Institution for the education of youth - BelgradeBulevar JNA 219, 11000 Belgrade • Telephon: 011-492-301• Fax: 011-471-622

There are 44 children in the Belgrade Institution for the Education of Youth (on the dayof the survey 20 of them were in the admission department in the institution).Otherwise, the capacity of the institution is 96 places in the home and 30 in theadmission department. The charges are mainly between the ages of 14 and 18 years(30). Of all the children who were in this home during the survey, 18 were slightlymentally disabled (10 in the home and 8 in the admission department).

Priorities:• pedagogues for mentally disabled children;• a caretaker.

Staff training needs:• supplementary training for teachers, to work with children with

behavioural disorders;• new techniques in therapy for young people (e.g. non-violent

communication, psychodrama);• training in new techniques of work with mentally impaired children

and young people.

composition of the children. The difficulties of the children in their development, health, behaviour and soon increase this diversity, making it difficult to organise the work and process of education andresocialisation. The combination of male and female youth in the same premises poses a particularproblem for the staff. The increased number of children with special difficulties increases the range ofneeds for individual treatment.More workers than required by the regulations are employed for the planned capacities of bothorganisational units.Education is programmed at the level of the institution, and planned at the level of the educational group,individual services and the individual plan of work with each child.Basic education is organised according to the general resocialisation treatment, combined with intensifiedindividual work with each child or young person.Coordinators are appointed for the special education programmes, to work with all the childrenindividually or in specially formed groups. The employed professional workers need training for individualwork with the children, but also for group work with those children who have particular difficulties indevelopment. This training should help them to learn about the problems and how to deal with them.Non-governmental organisations with special programmes (educational, creative, sports and so on) areperiodically engaged to work with the children in the institution and in the shelter. This work is notcontinual, nor do the teachers resume it.The institution does not have sufficiently or adequately equipped premises for work, sports or leisureactivities. Not enough organised use is made of the current premises.The work of education at present is burdened with difficulties because the institutional treatment is notdefined either in terms of duration or the termination of any particular programme, there is no defineddegree of success in the process of resocialisation and this practically means staying in the institution tillthe natural termination of protection when the occupant reaches adulthood or the measure expires. Evenin the case of the successful completion of the process of resocialisation, if a child has no parents or hasno possibility of returning to his/her natural family, it is very difficult to transfer him/her from theinstitution to a home for children without parental care because of prejudice.Opportunities are emerging for solving the aforementioned problems by planning co-operation with theFaculty of Defectology in Belgrade, through the signing of a Protocol on Co-operation.

General and specialised medical institutions provide health care for the children, when this is necessary.The teachers, who are in charge of health supervision, are not sufficiently trained for this kind of work,and they do not have enough time to take the children to the doctor. Consequently, it is extremelyimportant to open a post for a nurse who would continually supervise the children's health because theseare children whose health is at great risk.It is necessary to employ a part-time neuropsychiatrist for the adequate treatment of the children withmental health problems.

Views of the staff

The institution believes that the home's traditional name "Vasa StajiÊ" should be restored because it isofficially called the Institution for the Education of Children and Youth - Belgrade. Because of its specificprocess of education, the school in the home should be organisationally linked to the home. At present, itis included in the educational system. The shelter should be a separate organisation in separate premises.The home should be organised to cater exclusively for children and young people of both sexes withbehavioural disorders. It is necessary to separate the children with mental health problems from thechildren with problems of diseases of addiction.


89

Priorities:• kitchen equipment: items for maintaining hygiene in the kitchen

(dishcloths, sponges, caps...), dishes (plates and saucepans);• foodstuffs: honey;• renewal of clothing and footwear;• other equipment needed in the home: furniture for day rooms and

bedrooms, technical appliances.

90

91

Correctional Institution and Juvenile Prison

In its inspection of social care institutions for children and youth, the team of theYugoslav Child Rights Centre visited the Correctional Institution in Kruπevac andthe Juvenile Prison in Valjevo, although these institutions are under thejurisdiction of the Ministry of Justice. Regardless of this, we considered that inorder to obtain a complete insight into the state of affairs in institutions wherechildren live under the supervision of the state, we needed to have data on theposition of children who have been sentenced to a correctional or criminalsanction.

92

The correctional institution is the only institution of its kind in the Republic. Its purpose is theresocialisation of juvenile criminal offenders who have been sentenced by a court to the correctionalmeasure of being sent to a correctional institution, and ensuring the existential needs and health care ofthese minors for the duration of the measure.The facilities for the accommodation and activities of these young people are maintained and equippedwith the basic requirements. General health care, prevention and treatment are organised in the institution,and specialist examinations and treatment are carried out in specialised health institutions. The director ofthe health service is a neuropsychiatrist, and the service also has a dentist and three trained nurses. Atpresent, the home has 194 occupants of both sexes, aged 14 to 23 years. The total number of staff is 178,and 67 of them are engaged in the work of resocialisation (a manager for correctional education, 17teachers, five of whom are part-time, two sports teachers, one teacher for cultural activities, 12 schoolteachers and 34 practical teaching instructors).The service for education works in three departments:

• the department for personality observation, i.e. the admission department,• the department for correctional education,• the department for professional orientation.

The organisation of education and the resocialisation programme are carried out according to the Law ofImplementation of Criminal Penalties System of the Republic of Serbia and in keeping with houseregulations, which prescribe the time for leisure activities (existential needs, teaching, work, leisureactivities).The process of resocialisation is carried out according to the individual plan of work with the juvenile, thefoundations of which are set by the professional team (social workers, a pedagogue, a psychologist and adoctor) in the admission department, after the observation and the examination of all factors that areimportant for treatment during a period of 40 to 60 days. The teacher applies the plan and changes itaccording to his findings and the changes that occur and reports to the court and the Centre for SocialWork, every six months.The process of resocialisation consists of work on changing the attitude towards committing crimes,developing critical attitudes and self-criticism, forming working and hygiene habits and the habit ofmaking proper use of spare time and it is obligatorily carried out through the educational programme andvocational training.Education is carried out according to the programmes of adult elementary education and the regularsecondary school programme, in the school and in the home. Work assignments and vocational training isobligatory during the day, in shifts outside class time, and it is carried out in 27 workshops in the home.Of the 194 juveniles in the home, 99 are in the adult elementary education programme, 36 are in theregular secondary school education process, nine are on a second degree course of vocational training and50 have completed the education process in elementary or secondary school and they are in vocationaltraining or on work assignments in the workshops.The objectives of education are determined according to the educational status of the juvenile or on arrivalin the home, according to the level of mental impairment and the time available for the process ofresocialisation. In the past few years, 25 to 30 per cent of the charges had minor mental disabilities andthere were even some at the lower limit of that level, the number of minors without elementary literacyhas increased so that their aim is elementary literacy and vocational training according to their abilities.The percentage of juveniles with mental health problems and drug addiction problems has increased in

This institution of education is intended for children and youth up to the age of 18years who have been sentenced by court to the correctional measure of being sent toa correctional institution. There are 194 occupants who are mainly older than 18 years(121). The other 73 occupants are between 14 and 18 years old. The majority of thechildren are mentally normal, whereas 54 children have slight mental disabilities.

Upbringing and education

1 Correctional institution, KruπevacBlagoja ParoviÊa bb, 37000 Kruπevac • Telephone: 037-26-977, 26-960

the institution. There are many former occupants of the Correctional Institution (80 per cent) who haveexperience with psycho-stimulants.The education work programme lasts for a fixed period of time and also consists of preparation for thetime when these young people leave. This aspect is the most difficult to carry out successfully because ofdifficulties in the outside environment in finding accommodation and a job, since the majority of juvenileseither do not have a family or the family is inadequate.Several teachers have received training in non-directive counselling but they lack training in more effectivecounselling in a specific group (non-violent communication, resistance to the group, team co-ordinationand suchlike).There is also a need for giving teachers supplementary training on delinquency, adolescent problems, drugaddiction and generally, about asocial adolescent behaviour.

General health care, prevention and therapy are organised in the institution, and specialist examinationsand treatment are carried out in specialised health institutions. The manager of the health service is aneuropsychiatrist, and the service also has a dentist and three trained nurses. The charges undergo regularmedical check-ups and no serious illnesses have been detected. It co-operates with the Health Centre inKruπevac.Foodstuffs for preparing meals are mainly purchased, although some are obtained by means ofhumanitarian donations. There is a constant need for fresh food.In terms of quantity, meals satisfy needs, but there is a shortage of fresh food.The children are modestly dressed and new clothing and footwear are continually needed in this home.Clothing is within the limits of what is necessary, except for the juveniles whose parents supply them withadditional items.


Priorities:

Priorities:• seven teachers;• a teacher for culture;• two class teachers (for mentally disabled children);• an English language teacher;• a social worker.

• medical material, contraceptives, a portable ECG unit, instruments;• systematic check-ups of the employees in the home;• other necessary equipment in the home: teaching materials, sports

items, a video recorder, TV sets, stereos, musical instruments.

93

94

The institution in Valjevo is the only institution of this kind in Serbia. Sentences of juvenile detention in aduration of one to ten years and the prison sentences of younger adults of up to ten years who are firstoffenders and not older than 23 years are carried out in this institution.The institution was specially built for this purpose and is equipped for the work of its employees and thehousing, education, work, sports and cultural activities of its occupants. The maintenance and equipmentof the institution meet the basic needs of the staff and the occupants. There are 183 detainees and 39 ofthem are attending a programme of secondary school education. The rest are in vocational training or onwork assignments. There are 16 employees, working on education programmes (the manager of theservice, teachers and a professional team), and 29 instructors and the other employees are providingvocational training and work assignments.The education programme covers a period of five years and is applied on the approval of the relevantministry, which finances it. Its contents involve individual work and forms of group work with the charges,their education, work assignments and leisure activities.The organisation of education is defined by the Law of Implementation of Criminal Penalties System of theRepublic of Serbia and is based on the house regulations that set the rhythm and specify the timetable ofdaily activities.The content of eudcational work focuses on developing work habits. Currently, the material situationdictates priorities, and so education is in the background (there are no funds to pay teachers) andemphasis is placed on vocational training. This orientation in the work programme for resocialisation isalso justified because the characteristics of the current population are aggressiveness and violence, so inthe treatment it is necessary to keep the charges busy and physically active all the time (occupational andsports activities).In the current structure of charges, 12 to 15 per cent have personality disorders and the others havebehavioural disorders. However, the programme for the resocialisation of persons with behaviouraldisorders is used for both groups.Some of the professional staff in charge of resocialisation believe that there is a need for a workprogramme for charges with personality disorders and ensuring conditions for the effective therapy ofsuch persons in the process of resocialisation. The educational structure of the charges is relatively high.Most of them have secondary education (70 per cent), and the number of illiterate and mentally disabledcharges is negligible.

The capacity of the only juvenile prison in Serbia is 250 places, and while the surveywas being carried out there were 183 detainees accommodated in the institution (171in the institute, and 12 in detention). In this home, practically no one is younger than18 years but they all committed crimes when they were minors, and they weresentenced on the basis of those circumstances.

Upbringing and education

2 Juvenile prison, ValjevoLozniËki put bb, 14000 Valjevo • Telephone: 014-222-212 • Fax:014-222-272

Priorities:• there is a shortage of direct teachers and class teachers.

Staff training needs:• staff training for the psychological treatment of charges with

personality disorders, especially disorders connected with aggressiveness, violence and suchlike...;

• cognitive therapy;• behavioural therapy;• training about diseases of addiction.

A doctor of internal medicine (an anaesthesiologist), a medical technician and a dentist are responsible forhealth supervision in the institution. There is a shortage of basic medicines in the institution's dispensaryand the medical equipment is very modest.

For a long time, the institution was obliged to purchase almost all the foodstuffs for preparing meals. Itwas not until the beginning of this year that it started receiving donations from humanitarianorganisations.Nutritional needs are satisfied in the required measure according to the institution's regulations.


Priorities:• to reorganise and equip the medical bloc;• equipment for the dispensary: portable ECG, oxygen units, a

graphoscope for reading X-rays, an otoscope, a kidney basin, a syringe for rinsing out ears, a stethoscope, two blood pressure measuring kits, spatulas, lamps for throat examinations, white sheets, coats for the staff, clogs, masks and tubes for applying anaesthesia, a laryngoscope, a defibrilator, dental material, a doctor's bag...;

• one ambulance;• the assembly of a mini-laboratory;• foodstuffs: fresh fruit, vegetables, meat, milk;• clothing and footwear: bales of fabric for sewing winter clothes,

terylene for summer clothes, protective gloves, work overalls, boots.

95

Notes

CIP - Katalogizacija u publikaciji

Narodna biblioteka Srbije, Beograd

364.65-053.2/ .6:061.235(497.11)“2000/200 ”

SITUATION of ChildrenThe Situation of Children in Institutions

of Social Care in Serbia / [informationcollected by Milena LukiÊ ... [et al.] ;translated by Tamara Rodwell-JovanoviÊ ;photographs Marija MilinkoviÊ]. - Belgrade:Yugoslav Child Rights Centre, 2001. (Belgrade: Dedraplast). - 95 str. : fotogr. ; 28 cm

Tiraæ 250. - Str. 4: Foreword / Nevena VuËkoviÊ ©ahoviÊ. - Str. 5: Introduction /Ljubomir PejakoviÊ.ISBN 86-83109-15-11. Gl. stv. nasl.a) Ustanove socijalne zaπtite za smeπtaj decei omladine - Srbija - 2000-2001 b) Ustanoveza smeπtaj dece i omladine bez roditeljskogstaranja - Srbija - 2000-2001 c) Domovi zadecu ometenu u razvoju - Srbija - 2000-2001d) Zavodi za vaspitanje dece i omladine -Srbija - 2000-2001ID=92510732

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