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CONFERENCE BOOK
Poprad Slovakia 21-23 September 2018
Copyright© 2018 by Faculty of Pharmacy Jagiellonian University Medical
College & ZOZ Ośrodek UMEA SHINODA-KURACEJO
The initiators of organization of the first ICPMS CONFERENCE were:
Prof. UJ dr hab. Jacek SAPA, Prof. UJ dr hab. Bożena MUSZYŃSKA,
Prof. UJ dr hab. Włodzimierz OPOKA
Chief Editor
Bożena MUSZYŃSKA
Cover design
Bożena MUSZYŃSKA
Jacek LELEK
Typeset
Joanna PIOTROWSKA
Katarzyna SUŁKOWSKA-ZIAJA
Marek BEDNARSKI
Published by ZOZ Ośrodek UMEA SHINODA-KURACEJO
31-851 Kraków, os. Albertyńskie 1-2, Poland
ISBN 978-83-946124-3-6
3
PART I
INTRODUCTION
COMMITTEES
SPONSORS
LETTERS
PROGRAMME
2-nd ICPMS Poprad 2018
4
HONORARY SUPPORT
Vice-Rector of the Jagiellonian University for the Medical College
Prof. dr hab. Tomasz GRODZICKI
SUPPORT
Dean of the Faculty of Pharmacy Jagiellonian University Medical College
Prof. UJ dr hab. Jacek SAPA
Dean of the Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University of
Bratislava Prof. Ján DANKO, M.D., PhD.
Dean of the Faculty of Health Sciences Jagiellonian University
Medical College Prof. dr hab. Tomasz BRZOSTEK
Dean of the Faculty of Medicine Jagiellonian University
Medical College Prof. dr hab. Maciej MAŁECKI
President of the Polish Pharmaceutical Society
Prof. dr hab. Janusz PLUTA
President of the Polish Chamber of Physicians
Prof. dr hab. Andrzej MATYJA
Chair of the Supreme Pharmaceutical Council
Mgr Elżbieta PIOTROWSKA-RUTKOWSKA
MAIN ORGANIZERS
Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy; Polish
Pharmaceutical Society (the Kraków Branch); STOP Illegal
Pharmaceuticals Association for Health Protection and The Rule of Law;
Polish Chamber of Physicians; Regional Pharmaceutical Chamber in
Kraków
SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE
Prof. dr hab. Dariusz ADAMEK – President; Prof. UJ dr hab. Bożena
MUSZYŃSKA – Vice-President; Dr Marek BEDNARSKI – Secretary
2-nd ICPMS Poprad 2018
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Members of Scientific Committee
Prof. dr hab. Marek Sanak; Prof. UJ dr hab. Jacek SAPA, Prof. Gabriela
NOSÁĹOVÁ, M.D., D.Sc.; Prof. dr hab. Anna WESOŁOWSKA;
Prof. dr hab. Gabriel NOWAK; Prof. dr hab. Jolanta PYTKO-
POLOŃCZYK; Prof. dr hab. Małgorzata SCHLEGEL-ZAWADZKA;
Prof. dr hab. Tomasz BRZOZOWSKI; Prof. dr hab. Andrzej PILC;
Prof. dr hab. Zbigniew FIJAŁEK; Prof. dr hab. Ewa POLESZAK; Prof.
dr hab. Edmund GRZEŚKOWIAK; Dr hab. Maria WALCZAK;
Dr hab. Joanna GDULA-ARGASIŃSKA
ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
Prof. UJ dr hab. Bożena MUSZYŃSKA – President; Prof. dr hab.
Włodzimierz OPOKA – Vice-President; Dr Katarzyna SUŁKOWSKA-
ZIAJA – Secretary; Dr hab. Małgorzata ZYGMUNT – Treasurer; Dr
Joanna PIOTROWSKA – Coordinator of Organizing Committee
Members of Organizing Committee
Dr Marek BEDNARSKI; Dr Barbara JĘKOT; Dr Piotr
KACZMARCZYK; Mgr Katarzyna KAŁA; Jan LAZUR; Dr Agata
KRYCZYK; Oliwia Sara SIOMAK; Dr Robert STĘPIEŃ; Dr Jerzy
SZEWCZYŃSKI; Dr Jerzy SKUCIŃSKI
JURY FOR THE BEST PRESENTATION OF YOUNG
SCIENTISTS
Prof. dr hab. Zbigniew FIJAŁEK; Dr Gerhard MIKOLAICZIK;
Prof. dr hab. Jolanta PYTKO-POLOŃCZYK; Prof. dr hab. Małgorzata
SCHLEGEL-ZAWADZKA; Prof. dr hab. Anna WESOŁOWSKA
2-nd ICPMS Poprad 2018
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SPONSORS
Marszałek
Województwa
Małopolskiego
2-nd ICPMS Poprad 2018
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LETTER FROM DEAN OF THE FACULTY OF
PHARMACY JAGIELLONIAN UNIVERSITY
MEDICAL COLLEGE
Dear Colleagues,
I would like welcome you all to the 2nd International Conference on
Pharmaceutical and Medical Sciences.
This conference will be very good platform for discussions about a lot
scientific problems in pharmacy and medicine.
The Faculty of Pharmacy at the Jagiellonian University is one of the
oldest faculties in Poland and also in Europe. The first Polish Chair of
Pharmacy and Medical Matter was established in 1783. So, we have a long
history.
Today in our Faculty of Pharmacy there are over 1000 students
studying pharmacy, medical analytics and cosmetology at Master’s and
PhD studies and industrial pharmacy, medical analytics, clinical studies of
pharmaceutical products and enology at postgraduate studies. Since this
year, we have opened a new field of study - Drug Discovery and
Development (DDD). We have a very good scientific staff and modern
scientific and teaching laboratories.
The Faculty of Pharmacy has been involved in the European
Association of Faculties of Pharmacy. Our Faculty also cooperates with
the District Chamber of Apothecaries and Pharmaceutical Inspectorate in
the scope of pharmaceutical training. The Faculty of Pharmacy has
achieved a high position in the parametric evaluation (A+) and possesses
accreditation of specializations.
In this year, like before, we were recognized again as the best field of
study – pharmacy – all over the country.
I wish the fruitful discussions, successful meeting and unforgettable
time in Poprad.
Sincerely,
Prof. UJ dr hab. Jacek Sapa
2-nd ICPMS Poprad 2018
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LETTER FROM PRESIDENT OF THE
SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE OF 2-ND ICPMS
POPRAD 2018
Our bodies are exposed to the uncountable hazardous or toxic
chemicals and elements present in our food, water, and air. The pollution
of the environment is a well-known culprit of dozens multifarious
diseases, though their pathomechanisms still not always are clear.
Awareness of the danger due to contamination of the environment
including not only air or water but also food increases, but still there is
lots of to do to improve the situation. And the situation itself becomes
more and more complicated. The market is flooded by diverse food
additives and diet supplements with unknown or poorly tested impact on
our health. Another potential source of danger is microbiological content
of food, air and water which includes new antibiotic-resistant strains of
bacteria, recombinant viruses, other microbes and prions or even prion-
like behaving proteins. A special category of dangerous and potentially
even lethal agents are fake medicines and pharmaceutical products and
diet additives that put our health to danger. As for the medicines,
situation is somewhat special, since nobody can deny that they must be
“toxic” as if by simple virtue of “drug”, and to have some, even serious
side effects, which is unavoidable. Nevertheless in this case, one has to
be sure that the inevitable risk of side effects is balanced with
unequivocal pharmacological activity of the agent. However an
enormous industry is flourishing which produce fake, counterfeited
medicines and other medical products which, being equally or even more
harmful that originals, show little or even no effectiveness.
To sum up, considering all the aforementioned dangers and the
necessity to enhance ways of counteraction it seems to be justified to
introduce a concept of “biomedical security”, which encompasses all
diverse methods to identify dangers to our health, all undertakings to
guard society and individuals against toxic and harmful agents and all
ways of counteractivity.
2-nd ICPMS Poprad 2018
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We would like to make at least a little contribution into biomedical
security, in particular in the struggle to diminish risk related to toxic,
poisonous or in whichever way harmful constituents of food, medicines
and any pharmaceutical products and to create an opportunity to gain
better insight into ways and methods that can be used in unbiased
assessment of the real, objective impact of toxic constituents of
environment on our health organizing a conference: "Biomedical
Security – A Multi-disciplinary Approach For A Multifaceted Problem".
The particular aim of the conference is to present the current
research on potentially toxic components of drugs, food products, dietary
supplements and other pharmaceutical products used in medicine,
dietetics, veterinary medicine and cosmetology, their impact on the
environment and on the human health and to get better acquaintance of
the newest methodology that is or can be employed in the struggle for
better biomedical security.
We cordially invite anybody, who represents any of medical
professions, various medical and pharmaceutical disciplines and health
and biological sciences, who are interested in issues of broadly
understood biosecurity/biomedical security, as well as all who work on
whatever technology that is or can be applied in detection of poisonous,
toxic chemicals to participate in our conference.
Prof. dr hab. Dariusz Adamek
2-nd ICPMS Poprad 2018
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CONFERENCE ROOM
Aquapark Poprad s.r.o.
Športová 1397/1
058 01 Poprad
Slovenská Republika
PROGRAMME
Friday, 21 September 2018
14.30‒15.00 Registration of the Participants
15.15‒15.30 Opening Ceremony
15.30‒16.30 Lecture session I
Presidents: prof. dr hab. Gabriel NOWAK, Prof. dr hab.
Roman NOWOBILSKI
15.30‒15.50 Prof. dr hab. Marek SANAK
Molecular forensic tools against medicinal products
forgery
15.50‒16.10 Prof. dr hab. Peter RAČAY
History and Present of Biomedical Center Martin
16.10‒16.30 Prof. dr hab. Zbigniew FIJAŁEK
Pharmaceutical crime - a deadly epidemic of the 21st
century
16.30‒16.45 Coffee break
16.45‒17.40 Lecture session II
Presidents: Prof. dr hab. Jolanta PYTKO-POLOŃCZYK,
Prof. dr hab. Károly BODNÁR
16.45‒17.05 Prof. dr hab. inż. Marek LANKOSZ
2-nd ICPMS Poprad 2018
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Some hideous elements from the “elements” of Nature…
Analysis of toxic elements in human tissues and body
fluids with the use of synchrotron radiation
microspectroscopic techniques
17.05‒17.25 Ks. prof. dr hab. Zenon UCHNAST
To feel secure and safe: what does it really mean –
psychological aspects of social and individual security
17.25‒17.40 Dr Grzegorz BRZOSKOWSKI (Sanofi)
Counterfeit pharmaceutical products and illegal
distribution channels
19.00 Welcome party
Saturday, 22 September 2018
9.15‒10.15 Lecture session III & Short lectures
Presidents: Prof. dr hab. Małgorzata SCHLEGEL-
ZAWADZKA, Prof. dr hab. Dariusz ADAMEK
9.15‒9.30 Dr Gerhard MIKOLAICZIK
Intestine - a suitcase with a double bottom - research,
prevention, demands
9.30‒9.45 Dr Agnieszka POLOŃCZYK
Bioterrorism - a global challenge in the 21st Century.
Should we feel defenseless or protected?
9.45–9.55 Prof. dr hab. Károly BODNÁR
Prevention of coccidiosis with medicinal herbs as
natural coccidiostatics in rabbit production
9.55–10.05 Dr hab. Urszula KOSIKOWSKA
The presence of blaTEM genes in tonB-positive and tonB-
negative pasteurellaceae isolates from respiratory
microbiota
2-nd ICPMS Poprad 2018
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10.05–10.15 Prof. dr hab. Roman NOWOBILSKI
Phantom phenomena, body scheme and level of limb
amputation. Efficiency of “mirror therapy”
10.15‒10.30 Coffee break
10.30‒12.30 Short presentations I
Presidents: Prof. dr hab. Anna WESOŁOWSKA,
Prof. dr hab. Peter RAČAY
12.30‒14.00 Lunch break
14.00‒15.30 Short presentations II
Presidents: Prof. dr hab. Małgorzata SCHLEGEL-
ZAWADZKA, Prof. dr hab. Marek W. LANKOSZ
15.45‒16.30 Jury proceeding
16.30‒18.00 Conference discussion with coffee
Sunday, 23 September 2018
9.00‒10.00 Closing Ceremony
PART II
LECTURES & SHORT LECTURES
2-nd ICPMS Poprad 2018
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MOLECULAR FORENSIC TOOLS AGAINST MEDICINAL
PRODUCTS FORGERY
Marek Sanak
Division of Molecular Biology and Clinical Genetics
Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
Counterfeit drugs is a public health issue because during last
decades this illegal activity affected 10-30% medicines sold in
developing countries and at least 1% in the industrialized ones. The total
annual market of counterfeit medicines reached 200 billion dollars.
Among the most frequently counterfeited were pharmacy beauty
products, e.g. Pfitzer’s ChapSticks or anti-malaria drugs sold in Africa.
According to WHO estimates 16% counterfeit drugs contain wrong
ingredient, a similar percentage has wrong level of active ingredients,
whereas 30% do not contain any active ingredient. A famous case of
counterfeit bevacizumab (Avastin) seized in 2012 did not contain this
biologics at all. Among measures taken to control counterfeit was to
stamp on every package of the drug unique codes and serial numbers,
which could help tracking its sells all around the world. Some other
actions taken against their trafficking were recommendations of Food
and Drug Administration (2011) to use physical-chemical identifiers
(PCIDs) in solid oral dosage forms (SODFs) and RFID tags with
encoded data to confirm the supply chain. This year, by international
ratification the use of uniform 2-dimensional data-matrix labels on any
medicinal was imposed to be effective in Europe from February 2019.
However, molecular tags based on artificial and unique short double
stranded DNA sequences seems one of promising solutions to protect
medicines against forgery.
Most commonly the identity and quantification of the active
pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is accomplished by HPLC. SODFs
require dissolution before the test. Since average cost of a single sample
pharmacopeial analysis in WHO-prequalified laboratory exceeds 1500
2-nd ICPMS Poprad 2018
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dollars, there is a need for less expensive solutions applicable in
developing countries. Two currently used approaches are near-infrared
Raman spectroscopy, with a hand-held instrument available, or thin-
layer chromatography mini-lab. Using the Minilab provided by the
Global Pharma Health Found, samples of antibacterial or anti-malaria
drugs were readily screened on site in Africa to reveal counterfeit
batches with no API, API content between 7.1-81% or dissolution failure
of SODFs. Among these counterfeit were antibiotics (amoxycilline),
anti-malaria dihydroartemisinin, chloroquine or quinine manufactured in
China, India, Cyprus but also in United Kingdom.
Since falsifying drugs is a profitable crime, there is urgent need to
establish anti-fraud screening, which can test drugs whenever a new
manufacturer or distribution channel is established. Detection of DNA
tags admixed to the drug and providing unique signature, alike private
key in the protection of encrypted data, would cost much less and bind
the product to the manufacturer. Usage of common technology of DNA
amplification and mini-sequencing, affordable and verified in detection
of GMO food admixtures is suggested. This kind of prevention could
avoid many casualties due to counterfeit drugs.
2-nd ICPMS Poprad 2018
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HISTORY AND PRESENT OF BIOMEDICAL CENTER MARTIN
Peter Račay, Erika Halašová, Kamil Javorka, Zora Lasabová,
Gabriela Nosáľová
Biomedical Center, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University,
Martin, Slovakia
Biomedical Center Jessenius Faculty of Medicine Comenius
University Martin (BioMed JFM CU Martin) was established in May
2015 within the projects co-financed from EU sources and European
Regional Development Fund (ITMS code 26220220187).
The BioMed objectives:
• to capture the progressive trends in science,
• to promote concentration of scientific teams,
• to avoid the inefficiency and fragmentation in research,
• to ensure a close connection between experimental results and their
application in clinical practice,
• to strengthen the position of JFMED CU both in domestic as well as
international context.
Recently, BioMed Martin is one of the leading institutes in Slovak
Republic for biomedical basic and translation research. Daily, more than
50 young scientists under supervision of the project leaders investigate
molecules, cells and whole organisms in order to achieve a deeper
understanding of the molecular basis of diseases of nervous and
respiratory systems as well as malignant diseases. The scientists at the
BioMed are laying the foundation for the development of new strategies
in the diagnostics and treatment of mentioned diseases. In addition,
scientific activity is focused on the biomedical and molecular principles
of regenerative medicine. Structure of BioMed comprises four
independent but collaborating Divisions (Molecular medicine,
Neuroscience, Oncology and Respirology) with a strong scientific
infrastructure. Each Division is divided to Departments that include
functional laboratories. Finally, Central animal house is also part of
2-nd ICPMS Poprad 2018
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BioMed Martin. Current scientific projects of BioMed Martin are
focused on genomics, epigenetics and transcriptomics of gynaecologic
malignancies and colorectal cancer; respiratory distress syndrome of
new-borns and mechanisms of cough; molecular mechanisms of
proliferation and differentiation of selected stem and tumour cells and
application of stem cells in regenerative medicine; mechanisms of
neurodegeneration associated with Parkinson disease, ischemia-
reperfusion injury, sclerosis multiplex; regulation of cardiovascular
system by autonomous nervous system associated with obesity,
metabolic diseases and mental stress.
In conclusion, BioMed Martin is modern and open biomedical
research institute with a strong personal and scientific infrastructure that
is loaded in favour of the domestic and international scientific
collaboration.
This work was supported by the project Biomedical Center Martin (ITMS:
26220220187) co-financed from EU sources.
2-nd ICPMS Poprad 2018
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PHARMACEUTICAL CRIME – A DEADLY EPIDEMIC OF THE
21ST CENTURY
Zbigniew Fijałek1, 2
1 Department of Bioanalysis and Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Warsaw
Medical University 2 "STOP Illegal Pharmaceuticals" Association For Health Protection And The
Rule Of Law
Pharmaceutical crime is a serious public health problem that puts
human lives at risks, causes direct harm to patients and undermines
people’s confidence in the entire health system; affecting the reputation
of manufacturers, wholesalers, pharmacists, doctors, private organisation
and governments alike. The criminal market for counterfeit medicines
was estimated to be worth approximately EUR 120 billion in 2017.
Counterfeiting affects all medical products: medicines,
pharmaceutical ingredients, medical devices, diagnostics and dietary
supplements (including products containing false information about the
composition, origin, effects, usage and history). All types of medicines
are being falsified: lifestyle medicines, doping substances, cheap or
expensive medicines such as those for the treatment of AIDS and cancer.
There is also an increase illicit traffic of illegal or stolen medicines. The
consequence of the use of falsified products can be extremely dramatic.
Falsified medicines can kill either through direct poisoning or by not
treating a life-threatening disease. There are also more and more data
about hospitalisations and deaths of people who used preparations of
unknown origin, purchased from online offers and turnovers outside
legal pharmaceutical supply chain (eg. oriental medicine clinics, sex
shops, gyms), where no one asks for prescription and informs about the
adverse effects or interactions with other medical products.
The online sale of medicines took off in the early 2000s and,
although various platforms have been used, online pharmacies have been
a primary source of distribution. In the early days, the most popular
2-nd ICPMS Poprad 2018
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products to be supplied on the web were natural and herbal medicinal
products, smoking cessation aids, and beauty and sexual performance
enhancement products. More recently, the market for enhancement drugs
such as muscle builders, diet pills and sunless self-tanning sprays has
been expanding and there have been reports of cancer drugs and stem
cells being marketed over the internet. The central role of the internet in
facilitating and enhancing this global market is widely acknowledged,
posing an increased threat to public health. According to the WHO,
FDA, Interpol and Alliance of Safe Online Pharmacy (ASOP EU; 2018
Report), around 50% to 90% of the medicines and dietary supplements
sold online from illegal sites concealing their physical identity are
counterfeits. Internet provides the ideal channel to buy illegally
distributed fake medicines. Price, convenience and secrecy have driven
consumer demand, creating the perfect environment for over 35000
illegally operating websites.
At the European level, there is not a common legislative approach to
tackling the problem of counterfeit medicines and dietary supplements
containing undeclared active pharmaceutical ingredients or their analogs.
These products present still an ongoing challenge to analysts,
toxicologists, and law enforcement agencies. To effectively combat the
problems associated with pharmaceutical crime, a collective effort needs
to be in place from pharmaceutical scientists, health professionals, and
law enforcement authorities.
2-nd ICPMS Poprad 2018
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SOME HIDEOUS ELEMENTS FROM THE “ELEMENTS” OF
NATURE… ANALYSIS OF TOXIC ELEMENTS IN HUMAN
TISSUES AND BODY FLUIDS WITH THE USE OF
SYNCHROTRON RADIATION MICROSPECTROSCOPIC
TECHNIQUES
Marek W. Lankosz
AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied
Computer Sciences, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
In antiquity it was thought that the elements are simple substances.
In accordance to Greek philosopher’s water, fire, air, earth and ether
were counted to them. These five elements connect everything on our
planet. Though their origin continues to be a mystery, they remain
integral to life and its evolution. Democritus defined the element as an
indivisible part of matter. The evolution of our planet is not yet fully
understood, but it is known that everything began with “Big Bang”. The
nucleosynthesis and nuclear reactions caused by neutrons created all
elements in the Universe.
According to the current state of knowledge, it is known that many
elements determine the proper functioning of living organisms and must
be delivered to them with diet. The elements in physiological terms can
be classified as elements necessary for the life (bio elements), neutral
elements without which metabolic reactions can normally occur and
toxic elements having a harmful effect on the human body. Different
studies from around the world have shown that minerals and trace
elements can prevent and treat various disorders. Up to now, some
sixteen toxic elements in our environment have been identified, of which
lead, cadmium, nickel, mercury and aluminum are the most prevalent.
Many elements present in the human body play an important role in
the pathophysiology of cancer and neurodegeneration. Molecular
medicine requires the use of methods that enable the monitoring of
biochemical processes and interactions of elements in tissues involved in
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2-nd ICPMS Poprad 2018
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the neoplastic processes and neurodegeneration. Synchrotron X-ray
fluorescence micro spectroscopy (SRXRF), was used to study the
elemental composition in brain and ovarian tissues. The studies showed
that the elemental composition of tissues differs and are depending on
the pathological processes. The obtained results enable us for better
understanding of metabolic processes in neoplastic disease and
neurodegeneration processes and may be useful in histopathological
diagnostics.
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D., Krygowska-WajsA., Alzheimers Dement 2009, 5 iss. 4 suppl., 215.
4. Golasik M., Wrobel P., Olbert M., Nowak B., Czyzycki M., Librowski T.,
Lankosz M., Piekoszewski W., Biometals 2016, 29 iss. 3, 487–494.
https://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/thehttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/neoplastichttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/processhttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/Synchrotronhttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/X-rayhttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/fluorescencehttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/SRXRFhttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/sedhttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/tohttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/studyhttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/thehttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/elementalhttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/compositionhttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/inhttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/rainhttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/andhttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/ovarianhttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/tissueshttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/Thehttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/studieshttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/showedhttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/thathttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/thehttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/elementalhttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/compositionhttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/ofhttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/tissueshttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/dependinghttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/onhttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/thehttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/Thehttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/obtainedhttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/resultshttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/enablehttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/etterhttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/nderstandinghttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/ofhttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/metabolichttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/processeshttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/inhttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/andhttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/mayhttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/behttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/sefulhttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/inhttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/histopathologicalhttps://pl.pons.com/tłumaczenie/angielski-polski/diagnostics
2-nd ICPMS Poprad 2018
22
TO FEEL SECURE AND SAFE: WHAT DOES IT REALLY
MEAN – PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SOCIAL
AND INDIVIDUAL SECURITY
Zenon Uchnast
Jesuit University Ignatianum in Kraków, Institute of Psychology, Kopernika 26,
31-501 Kraków, Poland
Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) can still inspire to the search of the
real sense of the individual and the social sense of safety. I would like to
present three Maslow's exploratory approaches. The first Maslow’s
original exploratory question was about psychopatho-genesis: “What
makes people neurotic?”. Maslow’s answer on this question is in
“Motivation and personality” (1954), that neurosis seemed at its core,
and in its beginning, to be a deficiency disease. Finally he assumed that
most neuroses involved ungratified basic needs for safety,
belongingness, close love relationships, and for respect and prestige.
Then, the identification of pre-conditions for satisfaction of these needs
was very important in the area of Maslow’s growth theory as well.
In the second approach presented in “Toward a psychology of
being” (1962) Maslow pointed out the growth-motivated and self-
actualizing individual, assuming that every human being has both sets of
forces within him. One set clings to safety and defensiveness out of fear,
the other set of forces impels him forward toward wholeness of Self and
uniqueness of Self, toward full functioning of all his capacities, toward
confidence in the face of the external world. Therefore he assumed the
process of healthy growth to be a never ending series of free choice
situations, confronting each individual at every point throughout his life,
in which he must choose between the delights of safety and growth,
dependence and independence, regression and progression, immaturity
and maturity. Then, in that situations safety could have both anxieties
and delights, and growth could have both anxieties and delights as well.
However, in the last chapter of this monograph Maslow (1962, p. 190)
sincerely confesses: “Though, in principle, self-actualization is easy, in
2-nd ICPMS Poprad 2018
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practice it rarely happens (by my criteria, certainly in less than 1% of the
adult population)”.
The third approach to the process of the safe and healthy growth
Maslow (1964) assumed in the paper “Synergy in the society and in the
individual” (1964). Synergic self-actualization is understood as
individual achievement in the ability to express and actualize one’s
potential through adequate participation and cooperation in interpersonal
and social relationships. Z. Uchnast’s Self-Actualization Styles
Questionnaire (2000, 2010) and included in it the structural scale of
Synergic self-actualization could be used as the measurement instrument
of individual differences in the bipolar dimension: synergic proactivity
and growth – safety and defensiveness.
2-nd ICPMS Poprad 2018
24
COUNTERFEIT PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS AND
ILLEGAL DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS
Grzegorz Brzoskowski
Security Director CEE/Nordic, SANOFI/Genzyme/Pasteur/Nepentes, Warsaw,
Poland
Sanofi has been involved for nearly 10 years in preventing and
fighting fake medicines. Since 2008, a Sanofi laboratory in Tours,
France has analyzed suspected counterfeit products and has improved
knowledge of counterfeit medicines around the world. Counterfeiting
medication is very profitable for organize crime groups, they take
advantage of the good reputation of products and brands that brand
owners established.
Current supply channels and organize crime activity in Europe and
Middle East and the examples of dismantling medicines trafficking
networks worldwide.
2-nd ICPMS Poprad 2018
25
INTESTINE A SUITCASE WITH A DOUBLE BOTTOM
RESEARCH, PREVENTION, DEMANDS
Gerhard Mikolaiczik
International Research Group of Apllied Preventive Medicine
Währinger Str. 63 A-1090 Wien, Austria
The development of preventive medicine and biological sciences let
us have a better and better understanding of the relations of intestine and
microbiota with metabolism, immunology, mental condition, skin
condition, child development, cognitive skills, depression, metabolic
disorders. Intestinal microbiota has a significant influence on human
health. It modulates immune response, provides the body with vitamins,
takes part in food digestion, supplies energy-producing short-chain fatty
acids to intestinal epithelium, and stimulates intestinal peristalsis.
The microbiome also plays a significant role in xenobiotic
detoxification. Changes in the microbiome are causative agents of some
diseases such as obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes,
coronary disease, tumours, allergies, and skin diseases. One of the
significant intestinal disorders is also a leaky gut syndrome – a well-
documented phenomenon which contributes even to obesity in youth.
In the past, it was believed that a few “good” strains of bacteria are
enough to restore the intestine to the right condition. Nowadays we know
that such belief is far from truth. The capabilities of microorganisms
living in the intestine to manipulate human brain and metabolism are
surprising: from aggression-causing toxins to lignans pretending human
signal molecules.
In the light of new research, the most important parameters of
a good condition of a healthy intestine, which seems to be the “health
guard”, are biodiversity, the right pH, integrity of mucous membranes,
a proper Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio, the presence of a sufficient
number of butyrate-producing bacteria, immunogenic bacteria, oxalate-
decomposing bacteria, bacteria stabilizing the intestinal environment,
absence of histamine and histamine-producing bacteria in the intestine,
and normal inflammatory markers. The thesis which is the easiest to
2-nd ICPMS Poprad 2018
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verify but extremely important for a healthy intestine is a proposal to
limit the desired pH value in faeces to the range of 6-6.5.
References
1. P.C. Konturek et al., J Physiol Pharmacol 2015, 66, 4, 483-491.
2. Küme T. et al., J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2017, 9(1), 31–38.
3. Fasano A., Am J Clin Nutr 2017, 105, 3–4.
4. Fasano A., Physiol Rev 2011, 91, 151–75.
5. Louis J. Cohen et al., Nature 2017, 7, 48–53.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28854168
2-nd ICPMS Poprad 2018
27
BIOTERRORISM – A GLOBAL CHALLENGE IN THE 21ST
CENTURY. SHOULD WE FEEL DEFENSELESS OR
PROTECTED?
Agnieszka Polończyk
Institute of Security Education and Civil Education, Pedagogical University of
Kraków, Poland
The aim of the paper is to present the phenomenon of bioterrorism
which is a form of terrorism that involves the intentional release or
dissemination of biological agents like bacteria, viruses, toxins or fungi.
Using biological weapon, in naturally occurring or in a human-modified
form, can lead to many illnesses, disability or even death of people,
animals, or plants. It is also worth mentioning, that pathogenic germs can
be transmitted by means of missiles, aerial bombs, containers or letter
items. Bioterrorist attacks are difficult to detect, because microorganisms
are easy to hide and transport, and even a small number of them is
dangerous and effective. Important is, that nowadays, the risk of
biological attacks increases, but there is still little awareness about the
phenomenon of bioterrorism among many of the societies.
In the first part of the paper, the term of bioterrorism will be defined
and the history of this phenomenon will be brought closer. Interesting is,
that the history of the use of biological weapons goes back to ancient
times, however the greatest development of biological weapons is to be
observed in the period of the Second World War and in the post-war
times. Then, the classification of the biological threats according to the
American Center for Disease Control and Prevention will be pointed.
Particular attention will be paid to the characteristic features of
a bioterrorist attack and the procedures in the case of its occurrence on
the example of Poland. Finally, an attempt will be made to answer the
question, how to prevent and counteract the bioterrorist attack and if the
real threat of bioterrorism really occurs.
2-nd ICPMS Poprad 2018
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References
1. Barras V., Greub G., Clin Microbiol Infect 2014, 20, 497–502.
2. Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Bioterrorism Overview,
https://www.cdc.gov.
3. Chomiczewski K., Przegl Epidemiol 2003, 57, 363–368.
4. Khan A.S., Swerdlow D. L., Juranek D. D., Public Health Rep 2001, 116 (1),
3–14.
5. Prakash N., Sharada P., Pradeep G.L., J Forensic Dent Sci 2010, 2(2), 59–
62.
2-nd ICPMS Poprad 2018
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PREVENTION OF COCCIDIOSIS WITH MEDICINAL HERBS
AS NATURAL COCCIDIOSTATICS IN RABBIT PRODUCTION
Károly Bodnár
Faculty of Agricultural and Economic Studies, Szent Istvan University,
Szabadsag 1-3. H-5540 Szarvas, Hungary
In meat rabbit production coccidiosis caused by Eimeria species is
a serious animal health, production, management and economic problem.
The disease can be prevented by medicated feed (coccidiostat drugs),
which may cause the resistance of the parasites; vaccines are exist, but
they are too expensive for rabbit farming. A lot of researches were made
on the use of medicinal herbs as an alternative way of reduction of
oocyst number. Recent paper is a short literature based summary on the
prophylaxis of coccidiosis with natural plant materials. The most
frequently researched plants are genus Thymus, genus Origanum, genus
Artemisia, Allium sativum, Allium cepa, Salvia officinalis, Nigella sativa,
Matricaria chamomilla, Rosmarinus officinalis, Commifora molmol,
Sophora flavescens, Sideritis scardica, Sinapis alba, Curcuma longa,
Musa paradisiaca. The application of herbs can take several forms: oral
administration in the feed pellet or with the drinking water; the whole
dried plant or parts of it (leaves, flowers, roots) and often the essential oil
extracts are used. The use of essential oils makes possible a more precise
dosage, but it is more expensive. Dried herbs can be used easier in
practice. The relative high concentration (1-5%) and the comparatively
strong bitter tastes of them usually do not have negative effect on the
palatability of rabbit feed. The authors state that the examined herbal
additives to prevent coccidiosis can reduce the number of oocysts with
the provision of adequate nutrition and good hygienic condition. Further
positive effects of the examined medicinal herbs are also reported.
Increased daily weight gain and reduced mortality was observed. Some
of the preparations which have also bactericidal or fungicidal effects
seem more suitable for prevention. There are no harmful drug residues in
2-nd ICPMS Poprad 2018
30
the carcass and the faeces or urine of rabbits. If the rabbit meat contains
residues of essential oils, it will make the meat tastier because some of
the examined plants (thyme, oregano, garlic) are traditional seasonings
of the meals from rabbit.
2-nd ICPMS Poprad 2018
31
THE PRESENCE OF blaTEM GENES IN tonB-POSITIVE AND
tonB-NEGATIVE PASTEURELLACEAE ISOLATES FROM
RESPIRATORY MICROBIOTA
Urszula Kosikowska1, Edyta Chwiejczak1, Patrycja Mrozik2,
Artur Niedzielski3, Anna Malm1
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology with Laboratory for
Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1,
Lublin, Poland
2 Students Scientific Association at the Department of Pharmaceutical
Microbiology with Laboratory for Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical
University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, Lublin, Poland 3 Otoneurology Lab, Medical University of Lublin, Gebali 6, Lublin, Poland
The tonB protein (coded by the tonB gene) in TonB systems of
Gram-negative bacteria is very important for active transport of iron and
other specific substrates, e.g. vitamins, into the periplasmic space [1,2].
It is essential for the growth and pathogenesis of these microorganisms
in the host body, where iron is limited. Only some haemophili species
(Pasteurellaceae), representing the respiratory microbiota components,
posses the tonB gene coding TonB protein, which is the known virulence
factor of Haemophilus influenzae. The aim of this study was to detect the
presence of blaTEM gene encoding beta-lactamases production with and
without tonB gene in Haemophilus spp. and Aggregatibacter spp.
isolated from respiratory microbiota.
The study included 27 randomly selected isolates from the
Pasteurellaceae family: H. influenzae (2), H. haemolyticus (3), H.
parainfluenzae (16) i Aggregatibacter aphrophilus (6) identified on the
basis of protein profile using MALDI-TOF MS technique. The tonB and
blaTEM genes were detected by PCR method. The antimicrobial
sensitivity was detected on the basis of MIC (minimal inhibitory
concentration) using gradient-diffusion method.
2-nd ICPMS Poprad 2018
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Among the tested Pasteurellaceae species tonB gene was detected
in H. influenzae, H. haemolyticus, H. parainfluenzae and A. aphrophilus
isolates. The blaTEM gene occurred in H. influenzae, H. parainfluenzae
and A. aphrophilus isolates. Either tonB and blaTEM genes occurred in
total of 5/27 (18.5%) isolates (2 H. influenzae, 2 H. parainfluenzae
and 1 A. aphrophilus). These bacteria were mainly resistant or in less
level the intermediate to ampicilin and cefuroxime according to
EUCAST categories.
The presence of a blaTEM and tonB gene among Pasteurellaceae
isolates within respiratory microbiota may increase their virulence and
have the effect on the occurrence of therapeutic problems due to
production of beta-lactams inactivating enzymes.
References
1. Koebnik R., Trends Microbiol 2005, 13, 343–347.
2. Reeves S.A. et al., Infect Immun. 2000, 68, 6329–6336 .
2-nd ICPMS Poprad 2018
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PHANTOM PHENOMENA, BODY SCHEME AND LEVEL OF
LIMB AMPUTATION. EFFICIENCY OF “MIRROR THERAPY”
Roman Nowobilski1, Tomasz Włoch2, Aneta Pirowska3,
Arkadiusz Berwecki2, Sławomir Szczupacki4
1 Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Public Health, Krakow,
Poland 2 University School of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland
3 Institut Robert Merle d'Aubigné, Artificial Limb Centre (CRA – Centre de
Reeducation et d'Appareillage), Valenton, France 4 Orthopaedic Laboratory, Kraków, Poland
About 70% of the amputees will sooner or later experience phantom
phenomena. Phantom sensations and phantom pain may occur
immediately after the limb amputation or many months, even years later.
One of the factors affecting the intensity of phantom phenomena is
height of limb amputation.
The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between height
of limb amputation and the type of phantom phenomena. The benefits of
mirror therapy and early introduction of prosthesis and applying
functional prosthesis were tested. The study included 45 adults after
single or multiple-limb amputations: 35 men and 10 women. The mean
age was 68,24 ± 13.9 years. No sex differences in age (p = 0.226).
The pilot study used a survey questionnaire, numerical scale and McGill
Pain Questionnaire.
The relationships were demonstrated between the height of limb
amputation, age and the intensity of phantom phenomena (rho=-31,
p
34
PART III
SHORT PRESENTATIONS
2-nd ICPMS Poprad 2018
35
HYPOTENSIVE, ANTIARRHYTMIC AND α1-ADRENOLYTIC
ACTIVITY OF THE NEW ARRYLPIPERAZINE DERIVATIVES
OF 5,5-DIMETHYLPHYDANTOIN
Małgorzata Belczyk1, Joanna Knutelska1, Małgorzata Zygmunt1,
Marek Bednarski1, Adrian Bryła1, Jadwiga Handzlik2,
Magdalena Kotańska1, Jacek Sapa1
1 Department of Pharmacological Screening, Chair of Pharmacodynamics
2 Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Medicinal Products,
Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
The arylpiperazine group is an important structural element of α1-
adrenergic receptor ligands. It occurs in the structure of many chemical
compounds and also in the structure of some drugs affect the
symphatetic nervous system. Drugs having an arylpiperazine group in
their structure are for example naphthopidil and urapidil, which have
significant α1-adrenolytic activity. It is the reason why they are used in
the pharmacotherapy of cardiovascular diseases (1-4).
A series of new arylpiperazine derivatives of 5,5-dimethylhydantoin
has been synthesized and evaluated for effects on the normal rat
electrocardiogram in vivo, antiarrhythmic activity in the adrenaline
arrhythmia model, antihypertensive activity and affinity for α1-
adrenergic receptors. Pharmacological studies have shown that all tested
compounds have affinity for the α1-adrenergic receptors, however MG-
15 compund (Ki=12,7 nM) displaced 3H-prazosin in the rat cortex the
most. Only the MG-15 compound completely protected animals from the
onset of post-adrenaline disorders - bradycardia, bigeminia,
atrioventricular blocks, extrasystoles and before death. The calculated
ED50 value of the MG-15 compound in this arrythmia model was 0,21
mg/kg, while the ED50 value of the Urapidil (reference compound) was
1,041 mg/kg.
Assessing the effect of arylpiperazine hydantoin derivatives on
blood pressure in a normotensive rat after intravenous administration, it
2-nd ICPMS Poprad 2018
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was found that MG-15 compound had the strongest hypotensive effect
(similar to the reference compound – Urapidil).
The obtained results of pharmacological studies indicate that among
the new arylpiperazine derivatives of hydantoin the compound with
a very strong hypotensive and antiarrhythmic effect (stronger than
Urapidyl) and with an affinity for α1-adrenergic receptors was selected.
Hypotensive and antiarrhythmic activity of this compound may arise
from the blockade of the α1-adrenergic receptor.
References
1. Malawska B. et al., Eur J Med Chem 2002, 37, 183–195.
2. Kulig K. et al., Eur J Med Chem 2004, 44, 3994–4003.
3. Muramatsu I., Yamanaka K ., Kigoshi S., Jap J Pharmacol 1991, 55, 391–
398.
4. Kubacka M. et al., Eur J Pharmacol 2013, 698, 335–344.
The research was financed from the statutory research project No.
K/ZDS/005548.
2-nd ICPMS Poprad 2018
37
THE ANALYSIS OF ABILITY OF BIOFILM FORMATION IN
VITRO AND GRF10 GENE EXPRESSION IN CANDIDA
ALBICANS ISOLATED FROM ORAL CAVITY
Anna Biernasiuk1, Rafał Sawicki2, Radosław Siwiec1, Anna Malm1
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology with Laboratory for
Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1,
20-093 Lublin, Poland 2 Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin,
Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
The number of fungal infections, caused especially by commensal
yeast species belonging to Candida spp., mainly Candida albicans, has
progressively increased during last years. C. albicans and other Candida
species are present in the oral cavity of up to 75% of the population.
Under predisposing conditions these microorganisms may cause
endogenous infections called as candidiases [1]. Several factors may
contribute to the pathogenic potential of Candida spp. Among them, the
ability of biofilm formation play an important role in the candidiases
pathogenesis [2]. The biofilm formation by C. albicans is determined by
the expression of several genes, e.g. grf10 (Growth-regulating factor
10), involved in filamentous growth of yeasts [3]. The aim of this study
was to analyze the expression of grf10 gene during biofilm formation by
C. albicans strains colonizing the oral cavity.
A total of 31 C. albicans strains isolated from oral cavity of patients
with hepatitis C were studied. Biofilm formation was examined during
the stationary culture in vitro in 96-well polystyrene microplates with
a 0.1 % crystal violet. The prevalence of grf10 gene and its expression
analysis was studied, using the PCR and qPCR reactions, respectively.
For relative quantification of transcript levels, target gene was
normalized to the housekeeping gene tef1. PCR reactions were
performed with LightCycler® 480 thermal cycler (Roche).
2-nd ICPMS Poprad 2018
38
It was found that 27 (87.10%) C. albicans strains showed the ability
to biofilm formation. Among them, 10 (32.26%) strains formed biofilm
strongly. In these strains grf10 gene was detected. During biofilm
formation by them the total RNA was isolated and relative expression of
grf10 gene was measured after 48 h and 72 h. In some C. albicans strains
five to ten times increase of relative expression of grf10 gene could be
noticed, while in others the amount of grf10 transcript was lower in
comparison to calibrator.
These data indicate that expression of grf10 gene in C. albicans
seems to be rather strain-dependent and to be correlated with expression
of other genes involved in biofilm formation. This requires further
studies with the usage of RNA sequencing allowing to compare the
entire transcriptome of different strains.
References
1. Millsop J.W., Clin Dermatol. 2016, 34, 487–494.
2. Gulati M., Microbes Infect 2016, 18, 310–321.
3. Ghosh A.K., FEMS Yeast Res 2015, 15 (8), pii: fov093.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Ghosh%20AK%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=26472755https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26472755
2-nd ICPMS Poprad 2018
39
IS THE INHIBITION OF ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE BY
DISULFIRAM PREVENTED OR REVERSED BY LIPOIC ACID
AND DIHYDROLIPOIC ACID IN VITRO? DOES LIPOIC ACID
ALLEVIATE THE TOXICITY OF THE CONCOMITANT USE
OF ETHANOL AND DISULFIRAM IN RATS?
Anna Bilska-Wilkosz1, Magdalena Kotańska2, Magdalena Górny1,
Małgorzata Iciek1, Danuta Kowalczyk-Pachel1, Inga Kwiecień3,
Barbara Filipek2
1 Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College,
7 Kopernika Street, 31-034 Kraków, Poland 2 Chair of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University Medical College,
Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland 3 Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University
Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
The inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) by disulfiram
(DSF) in vitro can be prevented and/or reversed by dithiothreitol (DTT)
which is a well-known low molecular weight non-physiological redox
reagent commonly used in laboratory experiments.
This observation inspired us to ask the question whether the
inhibition of ALDH by DSF can be protected or abolished also by
dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) which is the only known today low
molecular weight physiological dithiol in the body of humans and other
animals. It can even be metaphorized that DHLA is an “endogenous
DTT”. Lipoic acid (LA) is the oxidized form of DHLA. The exogenous
LA is succesfully used as a drug in the treatment of many diseases (1).
We investigated in vitro the inactivation of yeast ALDH by DSF in
the presence and absence of LA and DHLA. In vivo studies were
performed to answer the question whether LA administration to rats can
attenuate ethanol (EtOH) toxicity when ALDH activity is blocked by
DSF. For this purpose we conducted electrocardiographic (ECG), and
2-nd ICPMS Poprad 2018
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systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements and estimated
mortality of rats.
The in vitro results showed that DHLA but not LA could protect
ALDH against DSF-induced blockade, while neither LA nor DHLA
were able to restore the ALDH activity when it already had been
inhibited by DSF. The in vivo study demonstrated that LA could partially
atttenuate the cardiac arrhythmia induced by EtOH. The results
demonstrated also that LA administration reduced the EtOH-induced
mortality of animals. These results reveal that LA may have a potential
for use in acute EtOH intoxication.
References
1. Bilska A., Włodek L., Pharmacol Rep 2005, 57, 570–577.
2-nd ICPMS Poprad 2018
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CONSUMPTION OF CAFFEINE IN A GROUP OF YOUNG
PEOPLE FROM SOUTHERN POLAND
Ewa Błaszczyk-Bębenek, Paweł Jagielski, Beata Piórecka,
Jaśmina Żwirska, Małgorzata Schlegel-Zawadzka
Human Nutrition Department, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health
Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Grzegórzecka 20,
31-531 Kraków, Poland
Caffeine-derived products in the diet are equally popular among
adults as well as in younger age groups [1,2]. Many Agencies, including
the European Food Safety Authority, stress the difficulty in determining
the safe level of caffeine intake for the group of children and adolescents
[3,4].
The aim of the study was to evaluate caffeine consumption and to
determine its sources in the diet of adolescents from the Southern
Poland.
A retrospective observational study was conducted (in 2014-15)
among young people aged 16-18 (Bioethical Commission consent No.
KBET/62/B/2013). The research tool to assess caffeine intake along with
the diet was a questionnaire containing questions about the frequency
and amount of consumed products being a source of caffeine in the diet.
Frequency intervals proposed to assess the frequency of calcium intake
along with diet (ADOS-Ca) were used to assess the average daily
caffeine intake, [5]. To assess the safety of caffeine intake by subjects,
doses considered safe with usual consumption (3 mg/kg body mass) [4]
and causing sleep disorders (1.4 mg/kg body mass) or anxiety and
anxiety (2.25 mg/kg body mass) [6]. The non-parametric U Mann-
Whitney and Chi2 tests were used at the assumed significance level
α=0.05.
The mean caffeine intake by the study group was 95.54 mg/day
(1.54 mg/kg body mass). The main sources of caffeine included black tea
(26.9%) and green tea (16.2%), as well as energy drinks (13.3%). The
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most commonly consumed products being a source of caffeine in the
study diet were black tea, cola drinks, which were more often used by
boys (p=0.0401) and milk chocolate. Boys also significantly more often
reached for bitter chocolate (p=0.0219) and girls for instant coffee
(p
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PROTON POMP INHIBITORS – ABUSE AND USE
INCOMPATIBLE WITH EXISTING MEDICAL GUIDELINES
Adrian Bryła1,2, Małgorzata Zygmunt1, Katarzyna Dziewic2
1 Department of Pharmacological Screening, Chair of Pharmacodynamics,
Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland 2 Ludwik Rydygier’s Memorial Hospital, os. Złotej Jesieni 1,
31-826 Kraków, Poland
Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are a group of drugs which block
gastric acid production in parietal cells what lowering the pH in the
gastric lumen. PPI are mainly used in the treatment of gastroesophageal
reflux disease (GERD) and gastric and duodenal ulcers. Compared with
previously used agents such as histamine H2 receptor antagonists,
synthetic prostaglandin analogs or anticholinergic drugs, PPI have shown
better tolerance and safety. Over recent years usage of proton pump
inhibitors has increased dramatically. Due to the affordable price and
high efficacy their use is prevalent and often is not compatible with
existing medical guidelines. Ulcer prophylaxis among patients with low
risk of bleeding, routine “gastroprotective” medication during treatment
and non-specific abdominal symptoms are the most common patterns of
off-label use of PPI.
The problem of abuse or incorrect use of PPI is connected not only
with hospital wards. PPI are avaliable (without a prescription) in
pharmacies, shops and petrol stations. Patients often take these
medicines despite the lack of indications, without any control of doctor
or pharmacist. Observing patients (especially older patients) admitted to
hospital, great habit to PPI is noticeable. Patients often demand this kind
of drugs in their therapy during being in the hospital and they get it
(treatment of older people with PPI is 25% - 85% unfounded). This
feature and the fact that these people often suffer from many chronic
disease (that require using a significant amount of different medications)
makes older people the most exposed group to various drug-related
interactions and other side effects of PPI. Another aspect related to the
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wrong using of PPI is the financial aspect what is significant in relation
to expenditure on these medications in hospitals during all year.
Inapropriate using of PPI, too high costs, less money for other therapies.
Is it right way?
References
1. Sanders S.W., Clin Ther 1996, 18, 2–34.
2. Forgacs I., Loganayagam A., BMJ 2008, 336(7634), 2–3.
3. Pasina L., Nobili A., Tettamanti M., Salerno F., Corrao S., Eur J Intern Med
2011, 22, 205–210.
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EFFECT OF USING NATURAL VEGETABLE OILS IN THE
DIET ON ALCOHOL DETOXIFICATION IN HUMAN
Aleksandra M. Buchaj1, Jakub A. Knurek2
1 Department of Botany and Mycology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University of
Lublin, Akademicka 19, 20-400 Lublin 2 Department of department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical
University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin
Worldwide, 3.3 million deaths every year result from harmful use of
alcohol. Addiction to alcohol is a common cause of many diseases and
injuries like hormonal disorders, cancer, immunodeficiency disorders,
peripheral polyneuropathy, atrophy of the cerebellum, cirrhosis of the
liver, bruised liver, acute or chronic pancreatitis, dilated cardiomyopathy,
arrhythmia, anemia, gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. It is approved by
the social acceptance mechanism, which leads to difficulties in its
systemic combating.
The aim of our lecture is to describe the influence of selected
vegetable natural oils on alcohol metabolism and to prove the
relationship between the composition of active ingredients (with
particular reference to fatty acids) and pharmacological action. In the
research, we included studies on sunflower oil, linseed oil, rapeseed oil
and borage oil, which contain a different ratio of fatty acids. We hope
that our work will significantly affect the intensification of research in
this field.
References
1. Beroual K., Agabou A., Abdeldjelil M. C., Boutaghane N., Haouam S.,
Hamdi-Pacha Y., Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2017, 14, 280–286.
2. Bocianowski J., Mikołajczyk K., Bartkowiak-Broda I., J Appl Genet. 2012,
53, 27–30.
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3. Lu X., Sun D., Chen Z., Ye J., Wang R., Li L., Zeng S., Jiang H., Pharmazie
2011, 66, 600–605.
4. Orsavova J., Misurcova L., Ambrozova J. V., Vicha R., Mlcek J., Int J Mol
Sci. 2015, 16, 12871–12890.
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5HT1A AND MGLUR4 INTERACTION, POSSIBLE LINK TO
SCHIZOPHRENIA?
Grzegorz Burnat1, Piotr Brański1, Joanna Solich2,
Magdalena Kolasa2, Barbara Chruścicka1, Marta Dziedzicka-
Wasylewska2, Andrzej Pilc1
1 Department of Neurobiology Institute of Pharmacology PAS, Kraków, Poland 2 Department of Pharmacology Institute of Pharmacology PAS, Kraków, Poland
In previous reports our group showed the antipsychotic-like actions
of mGlu4 and 5HT1a receptor activators (Wierońska et al., 2015, 2017).
In present study we examined the heteromerization of members two
different classes of G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). The first one -
metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (mGlu4) is a representative of class C.
Like other members of group III mGlu receptors its activation inhibits
the activity of adenylate cyclase leading to a decrease of cAMP
concentration in cells. In the central nervous system (CNS) mGlu4
receptors are predominantly expressed pre-synaptically. The highest
expression is observed in the cerebellum as well as in the cerebral cortex
and in the hippocampus. The second one the 5HT1a receptor belongs to
class A of GPCRs. Similarly to mGlur4 it is preferentially coupled with
Gi protein to inhibit cAMP formation. The 5HT1a receptor in most brain
structures is located post-synapticaly. The highest densities are in the
hippocampus, amygdala and the cortical limbic areas. Moderate
expression is observed in the raphe nuclei (pre-synaptic localization as
an autoreceptor).
Due to high expression of mGluR4 and 5HT1a in the hippocampus
and cortex both receptors seem to be promising pharmacological targets
for treatment of anxiety and schizophrenia.
To analyze distribution of both receptors in the mouse brain
a double immunofluorescence labelling with DAPI on cortical sections
was performed. The occurrence of mGluR4-5HT1a hetero complex was
studied in the brain regions where co-localization was observed. The
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PLA red dots indicates close proximity
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THE INFLUENCE OF LUNG CANCER ON THROAT
COLONIZATION WITH CANDIDA SPP. AND STREPTOCOCCUS
PNEUMONIAE
Edyta Chwiejczak1, Urszula Kosikowska1, Katarzyna Kurek2,
Barbara Mackiewicz2, Anna Malm1
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology with Laboratory for
Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1,
20-093 Lublin, Poland 2 Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University
of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
Microorganisms that inhabit a given region of the body, create its
microbiota, which protect the host’s organism from the harmful effects
of external factors.. The composition of microbiota depends on many
factors, e.g. health condition, diet type, lifestyle and frequency of
antibiotics administration. However, in a state of weaken immunity
microorganisms from microbiota may be the cause of opportunistic
infections. Frequent etiological factors of them include yeasts that can
cause candidiasis and Streptococcus pneumoniae, one of the most
common etiologic agents of bacterial pneumonia.
The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of yeast and
S. pneumoniae in the upper respiratory tract microbiota of people with
lung cancer.
The study included 13 patients with lung cancer before
chemotherapy and 13 healthy volunteers (control group). The swabs
from throat were cultured on agar media for bacteria and fungi. The
cultures were incubated at 350C. The isolates were identified using mass
spectrometry MALDI-TOF MS.
In throat of 6/13 (46%) patients with lung cancer and 3/13 (23%)
healthy people yeats were found. In the group of cancer patients
4 species of yeasts were found: Candida albicans (3/6, 50%),
C. tropicalis (1/6, 16.6%), C. glabrata (1/6, 16.6%), Sacchcaromyces
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cerevisiae (1/6, 16.6%), while in the control group 2/3 (67%) patients
were colonized with C. albicans and 1/3 (33%) with C. glabrata.
Colonization of the throat with S. penumoniae was found in 6/13 (46%)
of cancer patients and 3/13 (23%) in the control group.
The cancer can cause significant disorders in the host immune
system, reducing its efficiency. It can cause meaningful changes in the
respiratory microbiota and favor the colonization by opportunistic
microorganisms that can cause infections dangerous for health and life of
patient.
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DRUG – DRUG INTERACTIONS STUDY
Monika Dąbrowska, Żaneta Binert-Kusztal, Małgorzata Starek,
Włodzimierz Opoka
Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Jagiellonian University
Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
In recent years, the matter of drug – drug interactions has received
a large thing of attention from the scientific and health care communities
worldwide. A large amount of drugs are admited every year and new
interactions amongst medicines are progressively published. Drug – drug
interactions can modify the drug’s absorption, distribution, metabolism,
excretion or even real clinical action [1].
Antibiotics is one of the most widely used group of drugs,
prescribed from common cold to life threatening septicemia. Broad
spectrum antibiotics (e.g. second and third cephalosporins generation
and quinolones, amoxicillin and clavulanic acid) are being widely used
for various indications, necessarily or otherwise [2].
The risk of drug interactions is increased with polypharmacy,
especially that it’s a popular practice among physicians to prescribe
multiple medicines to a single patient. Beside from infections in
otherwise units, a large number of patients are suffering from chronic
diseases (e.g. diabetes, arthritis, hypertension) for which they must take
long-life cures, so in these people the possibility of drug ˗ drug
interactions are yet higher [3]. Another warning impact is the emergence
of strains of bacteria resistant to many generation of antibiotics. This fact
resulted in injudicious use of many antibiotics in conjugation with other
drugs, without much heed given to the resultant drug – drug interactions
[4].
We designed this work to study drug – drug interactions and their
potential effects on the stability of tested compunds.
The TLC-densitometric conditions for the simultaneous
determination of chosen therapeutic substances: cefuroxime axetil,
cefepime, paracetamol, acetylsalicylic acid, ibuprofen, naproxen,
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ketoprofen, caffeine, propranolol, gestodene, estradiol were developed.
Selected drugs were used to prepare triple mixtures, most likely to occur
during the combined therapy. Additionally, the impact of temperature,
UV-VIS radiation, and the incubation time on the durability of the
components was tested.
The results obtained by the developed analytical method allow to
state that the composition of tested mixture affects the stability of drugs,
especially in the case of cefuroxime axetil. In addition, it was found that
the temperature and the incubation time have an impact on the stability
of analyzed components.
References
1. Farkas D., Shader RI., von Moltke LL., Greenblatt DJ. Mechanisms and
consequences of drug-drug interactions. In: Gad S.C. Preclinical
Development Handbook: ADME and Biopharmaceutical Properties.
Philadelphia: Wiley, 2008, 879–917.
2. Marshall WF., Blair JE., Mayo Clin. Proc. 1999, 74,187–195.
3. Schmidt L.E. & Dalhoff K., Drugs 2002, 62, 1481–1502.
4. Thummel K.E. & Wilkinson G.R., Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 1998,
38, 389–430.
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EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID SUPPLEMENTATION AFFECTS
PRO-INFLAMMATORY PROTEIN LEVELS IN CaCo-2 CELLS
ACTIVATED WITH LPS AND/OR TOXIN A
Mirosław Dróżdż1, Jacek Czepiel2, Artur Jurczyszyn3, Anna Zając4,
Katarzyna Sroczyńska4, Tadeusz Librowski4,
Joanna Gdula-Argasińska4
1 Saint Ann's Hospital, Miechów, Poland 2 Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Jagiellonian University
Medical College, Kraków, Poland 3 Department of Hematology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków,
Poland 4 Department of Radioligands, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University
Medical College, Kraków, Poland
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid,
precursor of anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving mediators.
Supplementation with this fatty acid may have a beneficial effect on
reducing the risk of a various inflammatory pathologies.
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of EPA
supplementation on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2
(cPEGS), aromatic hydrocarbon (AHR) protein expression and an
interleukin 6 (IL-6) content in the intestinal epithelial CaCo-2 cells
activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and/or Toxin A, isolated from
Clostridium difficile.
CaCo-2 cells were incubated with 10 μmol and 25 μmol of EPA for
24h and 48h, followed by LPS/Toxin A activation. Western blot
technique was used to determine COX-2, cPGES, AHR receptor
expression and an ELISA technique was used to determine IL-6
concentration. It has been shown that statistically the highest expression
of pro-inflammatory proteins in LPS and Toxin A-activated intestinal
cells.
In CaCo-2 cells after EPA supplementation and LPS/Toxin A
activation, the levels of pro-inflammatory proteins have been
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significantly reduced, suggesting that this fatty acid exhibits anti-
inflammatory and pro-resolving activity.
It seems necessary to carry out further research regarding on the
action of eicosapentaenoic acid on intestinal epithelial cells.
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INVOLVEMENT OF THE HOMER1A PROTEINS IN THE
MECHANISM OF ACTION OF ANTIDEPRESSANT DRUGS
Ewelina Frąckiewicz1, Agata Siwek1, Tadeusz Librowski1,
Andrzej Pilc1,2, Gabriel Nowak1,2
1 Department of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University
Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland 2 Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology, Smętna 12,
31-343 Kraków, Poland
Depression is one of the most common mental disorders in the
world and can be connected with other serious health problems. There
are many theories that explain their patomechanism and the action of
current antidepressant drugs. One of the most prevalent theory is linked
with the dysregulation of the glutamatergic system and with neuronal
plasticity disorders [2].
Postsynaptic density (PSD) is a makromolecular complex located
in the postsynaptic membrane and plays a significant role in signal
transduction. Homer 1 is one of the most significant proteins that links
mGluR5 to downstream targets such as inositol triphosphate receptors.
This protein can also act as a moderator of the NMDA/mGluR5 complex
involved in stress-induced neuropsychiatric pathologies, along with
depression [1, 3 4].
The aim of this research was to explore changes after acute,
subchronic and chronic administration of antidepressants in the level of
the Homer 1a protein in rat brain. Protein levels in rat hippocampus and
prefronal cortex of Homer 1a were measured by the Western blot
technique.
The results show an increase of the level of Homer1a protein in
hippocampus, but not in the prefrontal cortex, after acute antidepressants
administration (imipramine, reboxetine). Our results indicate that a rapid
increase in the level of Homer 1a in the hippocampus may be important
in the mechanism of action of some antidepressants. This study shows
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that further research is needed to study the involved postsynaptic density
of signal transduction in the cell and the mechanism of action of
antidepressant drugs.
References
1. Luo P., Li X., Fei Z., Poon W., Neurochem Int 2012, 61(5), 731–738.
2. Nicoletti F., Bruno V., Ngomba R. T., Gradini R., Battaglia G., Curr Opin
Pharmacol 2015, 20, 89–94.
3. Tomasetti C., Iasevoli F., Filomena Buonaguro E., De Berardis D., Fornaro
M., Lucia A., De Bartolomeis A., Int. J. Mol. Sci 2017, 18(1), 135.
4. Wagner K. V, Hartmann J., Labermaier C., Häusl A. S., Zhao G., Harbich
D., Schmidt M. V., Neuropsychopharmacology 2015, 40(5), 1222–1233.
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ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF AMBROXOL AND
AMITRIPTYLINE IN A MODEL OF OXALIPLATIN-
INDUCED NEUROPATHIC PAIN IN MICE
Anna Furgała, Kinga Sałat
Chair of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University,
Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
Providing a long-lasting quality of life to patients after anticancer
treatment is extremely important, especially considering the increasing
efficacy of currently applied anti-cancer therapies. Chemotherapy-
induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) remains one of the main adverse
effects of anti-cancer therapy, manifested by the occurrence of thermal
and mechanical allodynia and spontaneous pain episodes.
In vivo tests were performed in adult male Albino Swiss (CD-1)
mice. To induce neuropathic pain intraperitoneal oxaliplatin at a single
dose of 10 mg/kg was used. Cold allodynia in response to a thermal
stimulus of 2.5 C was measured in the cold plate test 3 h and 7 days
after oxaliplatin administration. Ambroxol was tested at doses of 12.5
and 37.5 mg/kg, 0.5 h, 4 h, 6 h and 12 h after its intravenous
administration. Amitriptyline was tested at doses 1, 2.5 and 10 mg/kg
1 h after its intraperitoneal administration. Ambroxol was also used in
combination with amitriptyline.
Administration of oxaliplatin resulted in statistically significant
decrease of thermal nociceptive threshold in response to low temperature
(development of thermal allodynia). An antiallodynic activity was shown
for both drugs - ambroxol at a dose of 37.5 mg/kg, 0.5 h after
administration, as well as for amitriptyline at doses 2.5 and 10 mg/kg, 1h
after administration. Also, a statistically significant analgesic activity
was observed in the cold plate test as a result of co-administration of the
tested drugs.
Our study showed that ambroxol and amitriptyline administered in
combination, or as a single drugs cause a significant pain relief in the
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oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain model in mice. Thus, using these
drugs may be an interesting option for the treatment of neuropathic pain
in patients with peripheral neuropathy caused by chemotherapy.
This study was supported by the National Science Centre grant UMO-
2015/17/B/NZ7/02937.
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F13714 AND F15599 - SELECTIVE 5-HT1A BIASED AGONISTS
AS A NEW PHARMAGOLOGICAL TOOLS IN THE
DEVELOPMENT OF TREATMENT OF
NEURODEGENERATIVE AND PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS
Monika Głuch-Lutwin1, Joanna Śniecikowska1, Karolina Pytka1,
Adam Bucki1, Kinga Sałaciak1, Alicja Gawalska1, Mark Varney2,
Adrian Newman-Tancredi2, Marcin Kołaczkowski1
1 Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9,
30-688 Kraków, Poland 2 Neurolixis Inc. 34145 Pacific Coast Highway #504, Dana Point,
CA 92629 USA
Robert J. Lefkowitz, said that “biased agonists may represent an
entirely novel form of therapeutic agent". The functional selectivity of
drugs at G protein-coupled receptors is the ability to activate specific
signaling pathways preferentially. In neurodegenerative and psychiatric
disorders serotonin 5-HT1A receptors are attractive targets. These
receptor are expressed both as pre-synaptic located on 5-HT cell bodies
in the raphe nuclei and as post-synaptic in brain areas associated with
mood, cognition and pain [1]. The compounds, F13714 and F15599, are
the first brain-region selective biased agonists at 5-HT1A receptors
(5-HT1A). The F15599 preferentially targets post-synaptic cortical
serotonin receptor, while F13714 targets pre-synaptic 5-HT1A
autoreceptors [2]. The brain-region selectivity of these compounds
corresponds with biochemical mechanisms which may determine their
unique pharmacological profiles.
The compounds with high affinity for the serotonin receptor on four
cell signaling pathways were tested: ERK phosphorylation (pERK),
adenylyl cyclase (cAMP) inhibition, calcium mobilization and β-arrestin
recruitment assay. In in vivo studies we used mouse model of
corticosterone-induced depression. As behavioral endpoint we used
forced swim test (antidepressant-like activity). We also investigated the
influence on locomotor activity of mice.
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Functional assays show F15599 significantly prefers pERK
signaling pathways and is a partial agonist at Ca2+ mobilization. In
contrast, F13714 does not discriminate between pERK, cAMP and
β-arrestin but significantly less potently stimulates Ca2+ mobilization
(although being a full agonist). It is noticed, serotonin shows no
discrimination between all four signaling pathways. Studies in vivo show
none of the compounds affected locomotor activity.
Both tested compounds activated different cell signaling pathway
(pERK, Ca2+, cAMP and β-arrestin). F15599 but not F13714 decreased
the immobility of rodents in mouse model of corticosterone-induced
depression. Only F15599 showed antidepressnt-like activity after acute
administration in mouse model of corticosterone-induced depression.
References
1. Newman-Tancredi A., Br. J. Pharmacol. 2009, 156, 338–353.
2. Newman-Tancredi A., Neuropsychiatry 2011, 1, 149–164.
The research was supported by the Polish National Science Center grant No
DEC-2015/19/B/NZ7/03543 and Jagiellonian University, Medical College
(K/DSC/005294).
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THE EFFECT OF LIPONATE (LA) AND HYDROGEN
PEROXIDE (H2O2) ON ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF
GLYCERALDEHYDE-3-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE
(GAPDH) IN HUMAN MELANOMA CELLS
Magdalena Górny1, Barbara Ostrowska1, Dorota Kusior1,
Inga Kwiecień2, Małgorzata Iciek1, Anna Bilska-Wilkosz1, Danuta
Kowalczyk-Pachel1
1 Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University, Medical College,
Kopernika 7, 31-034 Kraków, Poland 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical
College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is a moonlighting
protein [1, 2]. The catalytic activity of this enzyme is greatly affected by
the redox modifications of the reactive cysteine residue in its active
center (Cys-150). Most post-translational modifications of GAPDH lead
to the inhibition of its enzymatic activity and induction of new activities
not related to the primary glycolytic function, which in the aspect of
cancer therapy could have significance [3].
The aim of the study was to examine the effect of liponate (1,2-
dithiolane 3-pentanoic acid, LA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on
GAPDH enzymatic activity in human melanoma cells (lines WM266.4
and WM115) and proliferation and survival of these cell lines. LA is
considered a powerful antioxidant because it can be reduced in
biological systems to dihydrolipoic acid (6,8-dimercapto-octanoic acid,
DHLA).
In the present experiments on WM115 cells, a downward trend in
GAPDH activity was observed after 48 h incubation with 0.5 mM LA. In
WM266.4 line cell cultures, the reduction of enzyme activity occurred
only in the presence of 1 mM LA. In both cell lines, LA-dependent
inhibition of proliferation was observed. Incubation with 50 μM H2O2 for
24 h caused a 50% decrease in survival in the case of WM226.4 and
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WM115 cell lines and in the case of WM 266.4 cells, a decrease in
enzyme activity by 20% was observed.
The obtained results show that the Cys-150 present in the catalytic
center of GAPDH may react with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and
low molecular weight compounds, such as LA. Under the influence of
H2O2 disulfide bonds between the catalytically active Cys-150 and