Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV)

A threat to swine production & swine shows!

Stan Smith, OSU Extension, Fairfield CountyDr. Andrew Bowman, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine

Dr. Steven J. Moeller, Professor, Department of Animal Sciences

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV)

A teachable moment and a life lesson in Animal Disease!

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1. Is not Zoonotic – No disease in humans

2. Is not a food safety concern

3. Is not a new disease – but, new to North America

4. For those who remember TGE - PEDv looks like TGEv – but more challenging than TGEv at this time

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus

PEDV is NOT?

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PEDV

Courtesy of Matthew Ackerman

What is PEDV?• Coronavirus Family of

Viruses•2 Viral strains identified

2 Alpha strainsSome variability in effects

•First Identified in the USApril & May 2013Rapid spread in hog statesSignificant piglet losses

•Severe diarrheaDehydrationLack of nutrient uptake= DEATH in PIGLETS

Porcine epidemic diarrhea had been found in 27 states as of March 2014 – ODA – 3/19/14 Ohio Swine Health Symposium

Number of Cases By State 3/14/14

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Why is the Industry Concerned?

PEDV in a sow unit

Courtesy of Matthew Ackerman

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PEDV Sow Farm Losses

Courtesy of Matthew Ackerman

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Signs of PEDV• Severe diarrhea and vomiting

• All ages affected – Older pigs less severe• No response to antibiotic treatment

• High morbidity, variable mortality• Death = 100% if < 7 d, near 100% < 10 d• Older animals survive but may grow slower, breed less

successfully, and shed virus for an extended time

• 24 hour to 4 day incubation period• Affected pigs observed very quickly• Spreads through herds very fast

PEDV

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PEDV in a Nursery

Courtesy of Matthew Ackerman

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PEDV transmission• Transmitted via fecal-oral route

• Pig to pig contact• Infected manure transferred to healthy pigs

• Fomites - Things that carry infections

• PIGS• PEOPLE• TRANSPORT• FEED ????

PEDV

Portals of Disease Entry

Farm &

Fair

2) Semen

3) Feed

6) Air

7) Water

1) New Animals

4) Supplies

10) Waste Management

12) Trash

13) Out-going Animals8)

People9)

Rodents/Birds/Flies

Transport

5) Equipment

11) Dead Disposal

Slide from Bob Thompson DVM,, PIC USAMarch 19, 2014 Ohio Swine Health Symposium

PEDV – Treatment• Supportive care through hydration

• Wean all pigs 10 days of age or greater (industry approach)• Nursery environment – allows closer observation and intervention

• Provide clean, dry, draft free environment• High quality, plentiful water available – all pig ages• Electrolytes – May aid hydration• Nursing pigs < 7 d will die, < 10 d a few may live

• But, differences in strains in mortality rate – consult veterinarian

PEDV – High Risk Situations?

• Variable response by pigs – some could be exposed to the virus and show little to no symptoms, passing to other pigs

• High traffic areas• Auctions, Local Butcher Plants, Feed Stores, Shows and Expositions• There have been positive test result from a coffee machine and floors

as convenience stores and truck stops across the U.S.

PEDV – Prevention• Youth PQA Plus CCP #2 : BIOSECURITY• Enter CLEAN, leave CLEAN

• Wear protective clothing – boots, coveralls, etc.• Clean & Disinfect Everything: clothes, boots, tires,

pedals, steering wheels, floor-boards, etc.

• Be aware of where you travel - other fairs & farms

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SdCV

Courtesy of Matthew Ackerman

Another Emerging Disease• Swine Delta Coronavirus• Identified by Ohio Dept. Ag.

Reported in Feb, 2014• Effects are still being studied,

more data to come.

Disease Prevention (all diseases)• Establish CLEAN and DIRTY zones on your farm

• Manage People Movement, Equipment Movement, and Animal (pet and pig) Movement (isolation, acclimation)

• Keep Clean Zone Clean to prevent movement of disease into herd or out to other herds

• Manage Dirty Zone to reduce/manage internal movement of disease

Clean

Dirty

Four Steps to Sanitation• Cleaning• Washing• Disinfecting• Drying

Slides from Dr. Mike Mull, DVM, Ohio Swine Health Symposium 03/22/14

Cleaning

• Remove all organic materials• Fecal solids, feed, bedding• Shovels, brooms, scrapers• High pressure sprayers

Slides from Dr. Mike Mull, DVM, Ohio Swine Health Symposium 03/22/14

Washing• Detergent via a Foamer

– Barnstorm or EZ Clean– Let soak 10-20 minutes– High pressure rinse

• Why Foaming Detergents?– Foaming detergents break thru the

biofilm left behind after cleaning– Allow visual assessment of

coverage– Allows greater contact time on

vertical surfaces

Disinfect• Read Product Labels

– Wear protective gear if needed

• Use at labeled dilution rates• Allow labeled contact times

– (10 minutes)

• Final rinse (if necessary)• Select disinfectant based upon

pathogens present• Rotate disinfectants if needed

Slide from Dr. Mike Mull, DVM, Ohio Swine Health Symposium 03/22/14

Oxidizing Agents• Virkon-S, Trifectant, Hydrogen

Peroxide– Fast acting– Works in cold temperatures– Works in presence of organic material– Good for foot baths– Can use with a fogger (even in presence

of livestock)

• Effective against:– Gram positive bacteria– Gram negative bacteria– Enveloped viruses– Non-enveloped viruses

Slide from Dr. Mike Mull, DVM, Ohio Swine Health Symposium 03/22/14

Aldehyde Disinfectants• Synergize (glutaraldehyde)

– Effective at temperatures just above freezing

– Good for trailers in winter

• Effective against:– Gram positive bacteria– Gram negative bacteria– Bacterial spores– Enveloped viruses– Non-enveloped viruses

Slide from Dr. Mike Mull, DVM, Ohio Swine Health Symposium 03/22/14

Chlorine Releasing AgentsBleach (Clorox)• Effective against most bacteria, viruses,

fungi & algae• Disrupts RNA and DNA structure• Several disadvantages:

– Rapidly degraded by organic matter– Highly irritating to mucous membranes and eyes– Corrode and rust metal– Effectiveness greatly reduced below 65oF

Slide from Dr. Mike Mull, DVM, Ohio Swine Health Symposium 03/22/14

Drying• 12 hours of drying time will destroy most of

the remaining pathogens• Helps destroy intrinsically resistant

pathogens– Coccidia, Spores, Biofilms

• Increase heat and ventilation

Slide from Dr. Mike Mull, DVM, Ohio Swine Health Symposium 03/22/14

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Additional PEDv Control Measures• COMMUNICATE with neighbors and

manure haulers • Barn site and trailer cleanup are critical

for reduced transmission• Effective VACCINE control is still a long

time out

PEDV Summary

So, what’s the “life” lesson?Even if we don’t have baby pigs, disease prevention is the ‘right thing’

We’re protecting farms with sows in and around the area!

Preventing a ‘break’ now may preserve livestock projects for future

Responsible actions may prevent thousands of dollars of losses

People pass viruses in similar fashion to animals (especially pigs)

Like animals, the youngest children (and oldest adults) are at greatest risk

Biosecurity is important in every aspect of life – human and animal

These ‘teachable moments’ and ‘life lessons’ are why we are here!

What can club Advisors do?Talk about viruses and how they spread

Club activities on ‘biosecurity’ and spreading ‘germs’

Relate the lesson across all species, including people

Discuss how ‘germs’ can be spread in public

Seize the moment . . . It’s a teachable one!

PEDV ResourcesNational Pork Board

Resources = http://www.pork.org/Research/4316/PEDVResources.aspx#.Uzl13sdKQsQ

Updates = http://www.pork.org/News/4045/PEDVUpdate.aspx#.Uzl2O8dKRn4

USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection ServiceSearch Swine Disease and follow links

American Association of Swine Veterinarianshttp://www.aasv.org/