PP Nang Cao Chat Luong Cung Cap Dien

B gio dc v o to I hc nng

Trn Vn Khoa

nghin cu mt s giI php

nng cao cht lng cung cp In

cho li In phn phi tnh ph yn

lun vn thc s k thut

Nng - Nm 2004

B gio dc v o to I hc nng

Trn Vn Khoa

nghin cu mt s giI php

nng cao cht lng cung cp In

cho li In phn phi tnh ph yn

Chuyn ngnh: mng v h thng In

M s: 60.52.50

lun vn thc s k thut

Ngi hng dn khoa hc: TS. inh Thnh Vit

Nng - Nm 2004

Li cam oan

Ti xin cam oan y l cng trnh

nghin cu ca ring ti. Cc s liu, cc kt qu

nu trong lun vn l trung thc v cha tng

c ai cng b trong bt k cng trnh no khc.

Tc gi

Trn Vn Khoa

Li cm n

Xin chn thnh cm n Tin s inh Thnh Vit -

ngi hng dn khoa hc; cc thy, c ging dy b mn

H thng in Trng i hc Bch khoa Nng v i hc

Bch khoa H Ni, Cng ty in lc 3, in lc Ph Yn

cng cc bn b, ng nghip quan tm gip ti

hon thnh Lun vn.

Mc lc Trangm u 1

Chng 1: nh gi cht lng cung cp in

hin ti ca li in phn phi tnh Ph Yn 3

1.1.-Tng quan v hin trng li in phn phi tnh Ph Yn 3

1.2.-Kim tra m bo lin kt trong li in hin ti 12

1.3.-Cc bin php nng cao cht lng cung cp in 31

Chng 2: xut cc gii php nng cao cht lng

cung cp in cho li in phn phi tnh Ph Yn 35

2.1.-Chuyn i li in 15 kV huyn Tuy Ho sang 22 kV 35

2.2.-Pht trin cc mch lin kt 22 kV lin vng c phn on 41

2.3.-Ti cu trc li lin kt 35 kV sang 22 kV 44

Chng 3: Tnh ton, phn tch KINH t- k thut

cc gii php nng cao cht lng cung cp in

cho li in phn phi tnh Ph Yn 48

3.1.-Kim tra m bo lin kt trong li in ti cu trc 48

3.2.-Phng php tnh ton hiu qu kinh t 67

3.3.-Tnh ton hiu qu kinh t ca gii php

chuyn i li in huyn Tuy Ho sang 22 kV 70


pht trin cc mch lin kt 22 kV lin vng c phn on 71


ti cu trc li lin kt 35 kV sang 22 kV 73

3.6.-Phn tch hiu qu kinh t tng hp 75

kt lun 77

TI liu tham kho 79

Ph lc 80

Ph lc 1

Tng k thit hi do mt in

Ca li in phn phi trung p

tnh ph yn hin ti

Ph lc 2

Kt qu tnh ton

gim thit hi do mt in

Ph lc 3

Kt qu tnh ton kim tra

in p ti cc nt v s tnh ton

Ph lc 4

Kt qu tnh ton

vn u t cc hng mc gii php

Ph lc 5

Kt qu tnh ton

tn tht in nng v s tnh ton

Ph lc 6

Cc biu tng hp

v d liu li in tnh Ph Yn

Bng K hiu vit tt

K hiu Ni dung TX Th x Tuy Ho PH Huyn Ph Ho TH Huyn Tuy Ho SHo Huyn Sn Ho SHi Huyn Sng Hinh TA Huyn Tuy An X Huyn ng Xun SC Huyn Sng Cu E22 Trm bin p trung gian 110/35/22kV Tuy Ho 2 E23 Trm bin p trung gian 110/35/22kV Tuy Ho 1 110TA Trm bin p trung gian 110/35/22kV Tuy An 110SC Trm bin p trung gian 110/22kV Sng Cu A20 Trm bin p nng p 10/22kV Thu in Sng Hinh 35TH TBA trung gian trung p 35/15kV Tuy Ho35GM TBA trung gian trung p 35/15kV G Mm 35SHo TBA trung gian trung p 35/22kV Sn Ho35H TBA trung gian trung p 35/15kV Ho a 35SC TBA trung gian trung p 35/22kV Sng Cu 35X TBA trung gian trung p 35/22kV ng Xun Pj Cng sut nh mc ca trm j P.i Cng sut ph ti ln nht ca trm (hoc khu vc)jPi/j Cng sut ph ti ca xut tuyn i thuc trm j KCN Khu cng nghip

1M u

in nng ang ngy cng tr thnh nng lng khng th thiu cho mi

hot ng pht trin kinh t, vn ho, x hi, an ninh, quc phng v i sng x hi

ca mi a phng, mi quc gia trn ton th gii. Nhu cu tiu th in nng

ngy cng tng cao, i hi p ng y , kp thi khng nhng v s lng m

c v cht lng cung cp in cng ngy cng phi c ci thin tt hn.

Nh p dng nhiu nhng thnh tu khoa hc k thut v cng ngh tin

tin, hin i hiu sut ca cc thit b tiu th in c nng cao mt cch

ng k, gp phn s dng tit kim v hiu qu nng lng. Song song vi qu

trnh ny, yu cu v cht lng cung cp in nhm m bo thit b hot ng tin

cy, n nh, duy tr tui th, hn ch thit hi v kinh t do mt in gy nn cng

c t ra mt cch nghim ngt.

Li in phn phi vi nhim v l khu cui cng trong h thng sn xut-

truyn ti- phn phi in, l ni trc tip p ng cc yu cu ca h tiu th in.

Do yu cu m bo v nng cao cht lng cung cp in cho li in phn

phi ngy cng tr nn cp thit.

Li in phn phi tnh Ph Yn tri qua qu trnh hnh thnh v pht

trin trong nhng iu kin v hon cnh rt kh khn, cht lng v kt cu ca

li in tn ti nhiu bt hp l, cht lng cung cp in cn hn ch ang rt cn

quan tm khc phc.

Vi ngha trn, ti Nghin cu mt s gii php nng cao cht lng

cung cp in cho li in phn phi tnh Ph Yn p dng cc phng php

tnh ton li in phn tch, nh gi nhng u, nhc im v mt cht lng

cung cp in i vi li in phn phi trung p hin ti ca tnh Ph Yn. T

nghin cu v xut mt s gii php kh thi nhm ci thin v nng cao cht

lng v hiu qu cung cp in cho li in ny. y l mt vn rt cp thit

v quan trng i vi in lc Ph Yn hin nay.

2Ni dung ti ngoi phn m u v kt lun gm c 3 chng:

- Chng 1: nh gi cht lng cung cp in hin ti ca li in phn

phi tnh Ph Yn.

- Chng 2: xut cc gii php nng cao cht lng cung cp in cho

li in phn phi tnh Ph Yn.

- Chng 3: Tnh ton, phn tch kinh t- k thut cc gii php nng cao

cht lng cung cp in cho li in phn phi tnh Ph Yn.

Tc gi hy vng rng cc kt qu trong ti c th gp c mt phn nh

b trong vic xy dng cc chng trnh, k hoch nng cao cht lng cung cp

in cho li in phn phi tnh Ph Yn.

3Chng 1:

nh gi cht lng

cung cp in hin ti

ca li in phn phi tnh Ph Yn

1.1.-Tng quan v hin trng li in phn phi tnh Ph Yn

1.1.1.-S lc qu trnh hnh thnh v pht trin h thng in Ph Yn

1.1.1.1.-c im chung v t nhin - x hi tnh Ph Yn(xem S 1.1)

+ c im chung v t nhin:

Ph Yn l tnh thuc vng duyn hi Nam Trung b, c din tch 5.035 km2,

dn s (4/1999) 786.972 ngi, chim 1,6% din tch v 0,98% dn s c nc.

Ph Yn nm v tr t 12035' n 13014' v bc v 108037' n 109013'

kinh ng. Bc gip tnh Bnh nh, nam gip tnh Khnh Ho, ng gip Bin

ng, ty gip tnh c Lc v tnh Gia Lai.

Ph Yn nm trn trc ng giao thng Bc-Nam: ng st thng nht v

quc l 1A. Quc l 25 ni lin Ph Yn vi cc tnh Ty Nguyn. Ph Yn c sn

bay ng Tc, cng bin Vng R.

Kh hu Ph Yn nm trong vng nhit i gi ma, nng m, chu nh

hng ca kh hu i dng. Nhit trung bnh nm 270C, lng ma trung bnh

nm 2300 mm, m khng kh trung bnh 81%. Ma kh t thng 1 n thng 8,

ma ma t thng 9 n thng 12.

Ph Yn nm cui dy Trng Sn c nhiu ni m ra bin, v vy t ai

b chia ct, t c kh nng m rng, nc l thot chm, do d b ngp ng, ch c

cnh ng Tuy Ho vi din tch trng la ln nht tnh khong 50.000 ha. Hn 3/4

din tch t nhin l ni, c nhiu nh cao trn 1.500 m. t nng nghip 72.390

ha, t lm nghip 209.380 ha, t chuyn dng 12.300 ha, t dn c 5.720 ha, t

cha s dng 203.730 ha.

5Ph Yn c nhiu sng ngi, phn ln l ngn v dc. Hai sng ln ca tnh

l sng Ba bt ngun t tnh Kon Tum di 360 km vi lu vc 13.220 km2 v sng

Bn Thch di 50 km vi lu vc 590 km2. Hng nm cc con sng cung cp

khong 12 t m3 nc ngt. Nh my thu in Sng Hinh vi cng sut 70 MW v

sn lng 370 triu kWh/nm a vo vn hnh, cng trnh thu in Sng Ba

H vi cng sut 220 MW v sn lng 870 triu kWh/nm c khi cng vo

thng 3 nm 2004 v d kin hon thnh vo u nm 2008 l nhng ngun in

nng di do cung cp ng k cho tnh Ph Yn v cho h thng in quc gia.

Ph Yn c b bin di 189 km, hng nm c th nh bt 35.000 tn thu

sn, sn xut 20.000 tn mui/ nm. Ph Yn c din tch rng 209.367 ha vi

khong 16,7 triu m3 g, 134 triu m3 diatomic, 4,8 triu tn b xt...

+ c im chung v kinh t x hi:

Tnh Ph Yn c ti lp t ngy 01/7/1989, vi c s vt cht k thut v

c s h tng yu km; nm trong khu vc c nhiu lt bo, im xut pht kinh t

thp nhng phn u trong giai on 1991-2000 GDP tng bnh qun 9,4-10

%/nm, thu ngn sch nm 2003 t 370 t ng.

Ph Yn chia thnh 8 n v hnh chnh cp huyn: th x Tuy Ho (l tnh l

ca Ph Yn) v 7 huyn l Tuy Ho, Ph Ho, Sng Hinh, Sn Ho, Tuy An, ng

Xun, Sng Cu. Ph Yn c nhiu dn tc cng sinh sng: Kinh, , Bana,

ChmHroi... Dn tc Kinh chim 95,5%; cc dn tc khc sng ch yu cc

huyn min ni. Phn b dn c khng u min ni c 40 ngi/km2, ng

bng c 240 ngi/km2; dn s nng thn chim 81,1%, thnh th 18,9%.

Ph Yn phn u mc tng trng GDP bnh qun hng nm khong 12-

13% trong thi k 2001-2010. Ch trng pht trin kinh t trn c s s dng c

hiu qu cc yu t ni lc, tranh th cc ngun lc bn ngoi to mi trng thu

ht vn u t v cng ngh k thut cao. Tp trung chuyn i c cu vt nui, cy

trng; pht trin ngnh thu, hi sn thnh ngnh kinh t mi nhn. y mnh pht

trin cng nghip ch bin nng lm thu sn. u tin pht trin cc Khu cng

nghip (KCN) tp trung: KCN Ho Hip, KCN An Ph, KCN ng Bc Sng Cu.

61.1.1.2-Qu trnh hnh thnh v pht trin cc trm bin p ngun

Trc nm 1994, Ph Yn ch da vo ngun pht in Diesel c lp ti th

x Tuy Ho vi cng sut kh pht 9,6 MW v mt cm Diesel rt nh th trn

Sng Cu ch yu pht in cp cho nh sng sinh hot vo bui ti.

- Trm bin p trung gian Tuy Ho 1 (E23): a vo vn hnh t cui thng

01/1994 vi trm bin p trung gian 110/35/10kV-16MVA cp in cho ton b

tnh Ph Yn. n nay m rng thnh 110/35/22kV-2x25MVA v ch yu cp

in cho khu vc th x Tuy Ho, huyn Ph Ho v huyn Sn Ho.

- Trm bin p trung gian 110/35/22kV-25MVA Tuy Ho 2 (E22): a vo

vn hnh t cui thng 11/2001, cp in ch yu cho khu vc huyn Tuy Ho.

- Trm bin p trung gian 110/35/22kV-25MVA Tuy An (110TA): a vo

vn hnh t cui thng 01/2003, cp in cho huyn Tuy An v huyn ng Xun.

- Trm bin p trung gian 110/22kV-16MVA Sng Cu (110SC): a vo

vn hnh t cui thng 10/2003, ch yu cp in cho khu vc huyn Sng Cu.

- Trm nng p 10/22kV-2x4MVA Nh my thu in Sng Hinh (A20):

a vo vn hnh t gia nm 2001 cp in cho khu vc huyn Sng Hinh

(471/A20) v pha ty huyn Tuy Ho (472/A20).

1.1.1.3-Qu trnh hnh thnh v pht trin li in phn phi trung p

Khu vc tnh Ph Yn khi mi ti lp tnh (thng 7 nm 1989) vi ngun

in Diesel nh b th x Tuy Ho nhiu nm cha c quan tm u t

xung cp nghim trng, khng p ng c yu cu cung cp in ang t ra rt

cao nhm nhanh chng khi phc, ti thit th x tnh l Tuy Ho. Ngun in

Diesel Sng Cu vi mt s qu t my pht in c k rt kh khn cung cp in

cho mt phn th trn Sng Cu trong khong thi gian t 17 h- 21 h hng ngy.

Li in do in lc Ph Yn qun l lc ny vi cp in p 15 kV rt hn ch:

ch khong 35 km ng dy trung p v 68 trm bin p ph ti, cung cp in cho

12 x phng th trn th x Tuy Ho, huyn Tuy Ho v huyn Sng Cu. Mt

cn i gia ngun v ph ti in din ra thng xuyn; c thi k phi thc hin

cp in lun phin theo lch "hai c mt khng", thm ch "mt c mt khng".

7Xc nh ng nhng nhim v cp bch ngnh in lc cng a phng

n lc tm kim cc gii php tho g vng mc. Bng cch tp trung cng c v

m rng ngun in Diesel ti ch: nng cng sut t ca ngun pht t 5.900 kW

(1990) ln 11.400 kW (1993), trin khai chng trnh "nh sng Bc H" a

li in nhanh chng vn xa n cc vng nng thn. n cui nm 1993, phm

vi cp in ca in lc Ph Yn m rng n 34 x, phng, th trn (gn gp 3

ln so vi nm 1989).

Vo thng 01/1994 tnh Ph Yn nhn in li quc gia qua trm bin p

E23 gii quyt c bn tnh trng thiu in, to iu kin pht trin li in tnh

Ph Yn trong thi k mi. Bng mi n lc huy ng t nhiu ngun vn khc

nhau: ca ngnh in, ngn sch a phng, ca tp th, ca nhn dn ng gp;

li in trung p c nhanh chng m rng v cc huyn, cc x. Li in 35

kV gm cc tuyn lin huyn, cng cc trm bin p trung gian trung p 35/10kV,

35/15kV ti cc huyn c u tin u t; n cui nm 1995 c bn li in

quc gia ph n 100% huyn, th x. Li in trung p phn phi cng c

pht trin nhanh chng, ng b t cc trm bin p trung gian trung p ti cc

huyn, th; nhiu tuyn trc chnh chin lc v vng su, vng xa cng cc chng

trnh in kh ho cc x ln lt c trin khai theo k hoch.

+ Th x Tuy Ho l th x tnh l ca Ph Yn; pha bc gip huyn Tuy

An, pha ty gip huyn Ph Ho, pha nam gip huyn Tuy Ho, pha ng gip

Bin ng. Ph ti in ca th x Tuy Ho tp trung vo sn xut, kinh doanh dch

v; khu cng nghip An Ph ang c u t xy dng s tp trung pht trin kinh

t theo hng cng nghip ho hin i ha.

Th x Tuy Ho nhn in li quc gia t trm E23, qua trm bin p trung

gian trung p 2x6.300kVA-35/15kV Tuy Ha (35TH). y l khu vc ph ti in

pht trin mnh nht v tp trung nht. Li in ch yu do ngnh in qun l,

tuy nhin v l khu vc pht trin nhanh trong khi ngun vn u t hn ch, nn

trong nhiu nm mc ci to, nng cp li in trung p ch p ng mang tnh

i ph; do tnh trng li in vn cn nhiu yu km, cht lng cp in thp.

8Tng cng ty in lc Vit Nam c ch trng trin khai d n Ci to

v pht trin li in phn phi th x Tuy Ho - tnh Ph Yn do t chc SIDA

(Thu in) ti tr, hin nay ang trin khai thi cng. Thc hin d n ny, ton b

li in phn phi trung p khu vc th x Tuy Ho s chuyn sang 22 kV.

+ Huyn Ph Ho mi c thnh lp ( u nm 2002); pha bc gip huyn

Tuy An, pha ty gip huyn Sn Ho, pha nam gip huyn Tuy Ho, pha ng

gip th x Tuy Ho. Ph ti in ca huyn Ph Ho ch yu l nh sng sinh hot,

ngoi ra c mt s cm tiu th cng nghip nm ri rc ti cc x.

Trc y huyn Ph Ho nhn in li quc gia 15 kV qua trm bin p

trung gian trung p 35TH. Hin nay li in phn phi trung p khu vc huyn Ph

Ho nhn in 22 kV( xut tuyn 474/E23 v 476/E23).

+ Huyn Sng Hinh l huyn min ni ca tnh Ph Yn; pha bc gip

huyn Sn Ho, pha ty v pha nam gip tnh c Lc, pha ng gip huyn Tuy

Ho. Ph ti in huyn Sng Hinh ch yu l nh sng sinh hot, ngoi ra cn c

nh my ch bin tinh bt sn (1000 kVA) v mt s h sn xut tiu th cng

nghip tp trung ni th trn Hai Ring.

Trc y huyn Sng Hinh nhn in li 15 kV qua trm bin p trung

gian trung p 2x1.000kVA-35/15kV Sn Ho (35SHo). T khi nh my thu in

Sng Hinh hot ng v trm bin p nng p 2x4.000kVA-10/22kV TSH(A20)

a vo vn hnh (u nm 2001) li in phn phi trung p huyn Sng Hinh

c ci to nng cp sang 22 kV nhn in t xut tuyn 471/A20.

+ Huyn Sn Ho l huyn min ni ca tnh Ph Yn; pha bc gip huyn

ng Xun, pha ty gip tnh Gia Lai, pha nam gip huyn Sng Hinh, pha ng

gip huyn Ph Ho. Ph ti in ca huyn Sn Ho ch yu l nh sng sinh hot,

ngoi ra cn c nh my ng KCP (2x1.000 kVA), nh my sn xut p lt

(560 kVA) v mt s trm bm in phc v ti nng nghip.

Trc y huyn Sn Ho c nhn in li 15 kV qua trm bin p

35SHo v ng dy 35 kV t trm bin p E23. Thc hin nng cp chng qu ti

cho trm bin p 35SHo thnh 3.200KVA-35/22kV, vo qu 2 nm 2001 ton b

li in phn phi trung p huyn Sn Ho c chuyn sang vn hnh cp 22 kV.

9+ Huyn Tuy An l huyn duyn hi ca tnh Ph Yn; pha bc gip huyn

Sng Cu, pha ty gip huyn ng Xun, pha nam gip th x Tuy Ho v huyn

Ph Ho, pha ng gip Bin ng. Ph ti in ca huyn Tuy An ch yu l nh

sng sinh hot, ngoi ra cn c nh my xi mng Ph Yn (1.000 kVA), cc cm

nui trng v ch bin thu sn v khai thc xy dng.

Trc y huyn Tuy An nhn in li 15 kV qua trm bin p trung gian

trung p 3.200kVA-35/15kV Tuy An (35TA) v ng dy 35 kV t trm E23. T

khi trm bin p trung gian 110/35/22kV Tuy An (110TA) a vo vn hnh vo

u nm 2003 li in phn phi trung p huyn Tuy An chuyn sang 22 kV.

+ Huyn Sng Cu l huyn duyn hi ca tnh Ph Yn; pha bc gip tnh

Bnh nh, pha ty gip huyn ng Xun, pha nam gip huyn Tuy An, pha

ng gip Bin ng. Ph ti in ca huyn sng Cu ch yu l nh sng sinh

hot, ngoi ra huyn cn c tim nng v pht trin dch v du lch nh c b bin

p vi nhiu loi hi sn nui trng pht trin kh mnh, c tnh ch trng u

t KCN ng Bc Sng Cu nh a th thun li v mt bng v giao thng.

Trc y huyn Sng Cu nhn in li 15 kV qua trm bin p trung gian

trung p (1.600+2.500)kVA-35/15kV Sng Cu (35SC) v ng dy 35 kV t trm

E23. T khi thay th bng my bin p 6.300kVA-35/22kV vo cui nm 2001 do

b qu ti, li in huyn Sng Cu c chuyn sang 22 kV. Sau khi trm bin p

16MVA-110/22kV Sng Cu (110SC) a vo vn hnh cui nm 2003, li in

huyn Sng Cu c chuyn nhn in t trm 110SC; ng dy 35 kV Tuy An-

Sng Cu v trm 35SC chuyn sang d phng.

+ Huyn ng Xun l huyn min ni ca tnh Ph Yn; pha bc gip tnh

Bnh nh, pha ty gip tnh Gia Lai, pha ng gip huyn Sng Cu v huyn Tuy

An, pha nam gip huyn Sn Ho. Ph ti in ca huyn ng Xun ch yu l

nh sng sinh hot, ngoi ra cn c nh my ng v nhiu trm bm nng nghip.

Trc y huyn ng Xun nhn in 10 kV qua trm bin p trung gian

trung p ng Xun 35/10kV-1.000 kVA (35X). Vo nm 1998 trm 35X b qu

ti c thay th thnh 2.500kVA-35/22kV v ci to nng cp li in phn phi

trung p thnh 22 kV.

10

Li in Ph Yn pht trin kh nhanh, n cui nm 2003 c hn 1.300

km ng dy trung p v hn 900 trm bin p ph ti vi dung lng gn 129.000

kVA. S x, phng, th trn c in li quc gia n thng 8 nm 2002 t 100%.

S lng khch hng trc tip nm 2003 l hn 30.000 h. Sn lng in thng

phm tng nhanh: nm 1989 l 9,45 triu kWh, nm 1999 l 96,12 triu kWh, nm

2003 l 174 triu kWh; tc tng bnh qun vo khong 17%/nm.

1.1.2.-c im ca li in phn phi trung p

- Li in 35 kV lc mi xy dng l nhng mch cp in ch lc cho cc

huyn t trm E23, sau khi hnh thnh thm nhiu trm ngun: E22, 110TA, 110SC

hin nay li 35 kV ch yu lin lc d phng gia cc trm ngun ny v truyn

ti in n cc trm trung gian trung p: 35TH, 35SHo, 35X, 35GM, 35H.

- Li in 22 kV c chuyn t cp in p 10 kV, 15 kV sang khi xut

hin cc trm ngun. Li in 22 kV hin nay cp in cho cc huyn Ph Ho,

Sng Hinh, Sn Ho, Tuy An, ng Xun, Sng Cu v mt phn huyn Tuy Ho.

- Li in 15 kV cp in ch yu cho th x Tuy Ho v mt phn huyn

Tuy Ho. Li in th x Tuy Ha ang trin khai d n Ci to nng cp sang 22

kV. Li in 15 kV ca huyn Tuy Ho c cp in qua trm bin p trung gian

trung p 35/15kV-2x6.300kVA G Mm (35GM).

- Li in phn phi trung p thuc ngnh in u t c thc hin theo

quy hoch pht trin vi cp 22 kV, nhng do nhiu nm hn ch vn u t nn

vic ci to nng cp din ra chm.

- Li in phn phi trung p vi nhiu cp in p an xen, cu trc li

in hnh thnh t nhin bc l s thiu lin kt, khng to thnh cc mch d

phng lin lc, khng pht huy hiu qu trong qu trnh vn hnh.

1.1.3.-Hin trng cht lng cung cp in

1.1.3.1.-Cht lng li in

Li in phn phi trung p do a phng u t v qun l phn ln

khng theo quy hoch m c trin khai t pht, chp ni lin tip t x trc sang

x k tip vi mc u t ti thiu nhng sau khng thc hin ci to sa cha;

do li in vi cht lng xy dng km, cng nhanh chng b xung cp.

11

Li in phn phi trung p thuc ngnh in u t v qun l c thc

hin theo quy hoch pht trin nhng do hn ch vn u t nn vic ci to nng

cp din ra chm. Khu vc tp trung ln ph ti in nh th x Tuy Ho cng ch

d n ko di hn 5 nm (t nm 1998), trong giai on ny ch yu thc hin cc

bin php i ph nn cht lng cp in rt hn ch.

Vic vn hnh nhiu cp in p phn phi trung p trong cng mt khu vc

bc l nhiu im yu: s vn hnh km linh hot, thiu d phng; cng tc

qun l k thut sn xut gp nhiu tr ngi vi nhiu tiu chun thit k, lp t v

qui trnh vn hnh khc nhau, vt t thit b d phng va b lng ph va khng p

ng c yu cu kp thi phc v cho sn xut cung cp in.

1.1.3.2.-Tnh trng s c mt in v ngng in cng tc (xem ph lc 1)

Qua s liu thng k tnh hnh vn hnh li in phn phi tnh Ph Yn

nm 2003 cho thy tnh trng s c li in v ngng in cng tc trn li in

phn phi trung p din ra kh ph bin, s ln s c thong qua tp trung nhiu vo

cc khu vc min ni v dc vng bin. Nguyn nhn ch yu l do cht lng s

cch in km, vn hnh lu trong iu kin nhit mi trng thay i ln v

nht l do hin tng sng mui gy phng in hng lot s cch in. Ngng

in cng tc v s c ko di mt in trn din rng l do kt cu li in thiu

lin kt, thiu d phng, nhiu cp in p an xen khng h tr cp in.

1.1.3.3.-Thit hi do mt in, tn tht kinh t do mt in (ph lc 1.1)

Cng qua s liu thng k tng hp tnh ton lng in nng b thiu khng

th cp c i vi tng xut tuyn cho thy thit hi do mt in kh ln.

Ngoi s ln s c mt in thong qua ln n 281 ln/nm i vi hn 20

khu vc th hin cht lng li in trn cc xut tuyn phn phi trung p suy

yu, s c vnh cu lm thit hi khng cp c mt lng in nng tng ng

l 97.314 kWh, ngng in cng tc cng gy thit hi khng cp c mt lng

in nng tng ng l 293.706 kWh v nu tnh c s c v ngng in cng tc

trn ton li in phn phi trung p din ra trong phm vi n cc xut tuyn th

cng lm thit hi mt lng in nng khng cp c l 1.878.328 kWh.

12

1.2.-Kim tra m bo lin kt trong li in hin ti

1.2.1.-Cn bng cng sut cc khu vc (xem Ph lc 6.1)

1.2.1.1.- Cn bng cng sut cc khu vc vi s c bn (xem S 1.2)

+ Trm bin p 110/35/22kV Tuy Ho 2 (E22): (xem Hnh 1.1)

Trm E22 hin ti cp in ch yu cho ph ti khu vc huyn Tuy Ho.

- Cng sut cao im ti cc xut tuyn t c:

P472/E22 = 2,8 MW; P474/E22 = 1,4 MW; P476/E22 = 0,4 MW

P872/35GM = 3,0 MW; P873/35GM = 4,5 MW

- Cng sut ph ti thanh ci 22 kV trm E22 (C42/E22):

P.C42/E22 = P472/E22 + P474/E22 + P476/E22 = 2,8 + 1,4 +0,4 = 4,6 MW

- Cng sut ph ti thanh ci 35 kV trm E22 (C32/E22):

P.C32/E22 = P872/35GM + P873/35GM = 3 + 4,5 = 7,5 MW

- Cng sut ph ti ln nht ca trm E22 t c:

P.E22 = P.TH = P.C42/E22 + P.C32/E22 = 4,6 + 7,5 = 12,1 MW (1)

- Cng sut nh mc ca MBA T2/E22:

PE22 = 25MVAx0,8 = 20 MW (2)

So snh (1) v (2), ta thy: P.E22T PE22H s mang ti ca trm E22: P.E22 / PE22 = 60,5%

Hnh 1.1: S cp in trm E22

873/35GM

332 /E22

C42/E22

C81/35GM

472/E22

474/E22

476/E22

872/35GM

C32/E22

14


Trm E23 hin ti cung cp in ch yu cho ph ti khu vc th x Tuy Ho,

huyn Ph Ho v huyn Sn Ho.

- Cng sut cao im ti cc xut tuyn 22 kVt c:

P472/E23 = 1,6 MW;

P474/E23 = 2,5 MW; P476/E23 = 1,5 MW;

P482/E23 = 0,2 MW; P484/E23 = 1,0 MW;


P371/E23 = 0,8 MW

P373/E23 = (P872/35TH +P873/35TH +P875/35TH) = 1,7 + 3,1 + 3,8 = 8,6 MW


C42/E23 C31/E23 C32/E23

h.Sn Ho

476/E23

474/E23

472/E23

482/E23

484 /E23

373 /E23

371 /E23

372 /E23

374/110TAh.Ph Ho tx. Tuy Ho

- Cng sut ph ti ln nht trn thanh ci C31/E23 (MBA T1/E23) t c:

P.C31/E23 = P371/E23 + P373/E23 = 0,8 + 8,6 = 9,4 MW

- Cng sut ph ti ln nht ca MBA T1/E23 t c:

P.T1/E23 = P.C31/E23 = 9,4 MW (1)


P.C42/E23 = P472/E23 + P474/E23 + P476/E23 + P482/E23 + P484/E23

= 1,6 + 2,5 + 1,5 + 0,2 + 1 = 6,8 MW


P.C32/E23 = P372/E23 = 1,15 MW

- Cng sut ph ti ln nht ca MBA T2/E23 t c:

P.T2/E23 = P.C32/E23 + P.C42/E23 = 1,15 + 6,8 = 7,95 MW (2)

15

- Cng sut ph ti ln nht ca trm E23 t c:

P.E23 = P.T1/E23 + P.T2/E23 = 9,4 + 7,95 = 17,35 MW (3)

- Cng sut nh mc cc MBA T1/E23, T2/E23 v trm E23:

PT1/E23 = 25MVAx0,8 = 20 MW (4)

PT2/E23 = 25MVAx0,8 = 20 MW (5)

PE23 = PT1/E23 + PT2/E23 = 2x25MVAx0,8 = 40 MW (6)

So snh (1) vi (4), (2) vi (5), (3) vi (6) ta thy:

P.T1/E23T PT1/E23 ; P.T2E23T PT2/E23 ; P.E23 T PE23H s mang ti ca cc MBA T1/E23, T2/E23:

P.T1/E23 / PT1/E23 = 47% v P.T2/E23 / PT2/E23 = 39,75%

+ Trm bin p 110/35/22kV Tuy An (110TA): (xem Hnh 1.3)

Trm 110TA hin ti cung cp in ch yu cho ph ti khu vc huyn Tuy

An v huyn ng Xun.

Hnh 1.3: S cp in trm 110TA

C32/110TA C42/110TA374/110T

A(n

E23)

372 /110TA

476 /110TA

474/110TA

472 /110TA

h.Tuy Anh.ng Xun


P472/110TA = 2,4 MW ; P474/110TA = 1 MW ; P476/110TA = 1,6 MW

- Cng sut ph ti ln nht trn thanh ci C42/110TA (huyn Tuy An):

P.TA= P.C42/110TA = P472/110TA+ P474/110TA+ P476/110TA= 2,4+ 1+ 1,6 = 5 MW

- Cng sut ph ti ln nht trn thanh ci C32/110TA (huyn ng Xun):

P.X = P372/110TA = 1,9 MW

- Cng sut ph ti ln nht ca trm 110TA:

P.110TA = P.TA + P.X = 5 + 1,9 = 6,9 MW (1)

16

- Cng sut nh mc ca MBA T2/110TA:

P110TA = 25MVAx0,8 = 20 MW (2)

So snh (1) v (2) ta thy: P.110TA T P110TAH s mang ti ca MBA T2/110TA: P.110TA /P110TA = 34,5%

+ Trm bin p 110/22kV Sng Cu (110SC): (xem Hnh 1.4)

Hnh 1.4: S cp in trm 110SC

C42/110SC

478/110SC

476/110SC

474/110SC

472/110SC

482 /110SC

KCNSNG CU

(cha vn hnh)

Trm 110SC hin ti cp in ch yu cho ph ti khu vc huyn Sng Cu.


P474/110SC = 1,6 MW ; P476/110SC = 0,7 MW ; P478/110SC = 1,8 MW

- Cng sut ph ti ln nht ca trm 110SC t c:

P.110SC = P.SC = P.C42/110SC = P474/110SC + P476/110SC + P478/110SC

= 1,6 + 0,7 + 1,8 = 4,1 MW (1)

- Cng sut nh mc ca MBA T2/110SC:

P110SC = 16MVAx0,8 = 12,8 MW (2)

So snh (1) v (2) ta thy: P.110SCT P110SCH s mang ti ca MBA T2/110SC: P.110SC / P110SC = 32,031%

+ Trm bin p nng p 10/22kV NMT Sng Hinh (A20): (xem Hnh 1.5)

Trm A20 hin ti cung cp in ch yu cho ph ti khu vc huyn Sng

Hinh (471/A20) v cc x pha ty huyn Tuy Ho (472/A20).

- Cng sut ph ti ln nht ca xut tuyn 471/A20 v 472/A20 t c:

P471/A20 = 1,2 MW (1)

P472/A20 = 1,2 MW (2)

17

- Cng sut nh mc ca MBA T3/A20 v T4/A20:

PT3/A20 = PT4/A20 = 4MVAx0,8 = 3,2 MW (3)

So snh (1) v (3), (2) v (3) ta thy: P471/A20T PC41/A20 v P472/A20T PC42/A20H s mang ti ca MBA T3/A20 v T4/A20:

P471/A20 / PC41/A20 = 37,5% v P472/A20 / PC42/A20 = 37,5%

Hnh 1.5: S cp in trm A20

C41/A20

471/A20

472/A20

C42/A20

Kt lun: Trong ch vn hnh vi s vn hnh c bn, cc trm bin p

ngun 110 kV v 22 kV thuc khu vc tnh Ph Yn hin ti cha b qu ti.

1.2.1.2.-Cn bng cng sut cc khu vc trong ch s c

Xt cn bng cng sut cc khu vc khi ngng vn hnh cc trm ngun:

+ Trm bin p 110kV Tuy Ho 2 (E22) ngng vn hnh: (xem S 1.3)

- Trng hp huy ng c MBA T2/E22 cp in t pha 35 kV sang

pha 22 kV th ton b ph ti thuc trm 35GM v C42/E22 s c cp in t

MBA T2/E23 qua xut tuyn 372/E23. Kh nng cn bng cng sut khu vc lin

quan nh sau: (xem Hnh 1.6)

Hnh 1.6: S cp in khi trm E22 s c

C32/E23 C42/E23

372/E23

472/E23

474 /E23

476/E23

482/E23

484 /E23

C42/E22

35GM

19

Cng sut ph ti trn cc thanh ci cc khu vc trm E22, E23:

P.C32/E23 = P372/E23 = PSHo = 1,15 MW ; P.C42/E23 = 6,8 MW;

P.35GM = P.C32/E22 = 7,5 MW ; P.C42/E22 = 4,6 MW

Cng sut ph ti tng ca MBA T2/E23 t c:

P.T2/E23 = P372/E23 + P.C42/E23 + P.35GM + P.C42/E22

= 1,15 + 6,8 + 7,5 + 4,6 = 20,05 MW (1)

Cng sut nh mc ca MBA T2/E23:

PT2/E23 = 25MVAx0,8 = 20 MW (2)

T (1) v (2) tnh c h s mang ti ca MBA T2/E23:

P.T2/E23 / PT2/E23 = 100,25%

- Trng hp khng huy ng c MBA T2/E22 cp in t pha 35 kV

sang pha 22 kV (MBA b s c hoc ngng cng tc) th ph ti pha 15 kV thuc

C81/35GM c cp in t E23, cn ph ti pha 22 kV thuc C42/E22 ch c th

c cp in t ngun A20 (C42/A20) qua xut tuyn 472/A20: (xem Hnh 1.7)

Hnh 1.7: S cp in khi MBA T2/ E22 s c

472/E22

472/A20

C42/A20

474/E22

C42/E

22

476/E22

Cng sut ph ti trn xut tuyn 472/A20 v thanh ci C42/E22:

P472/A20 = 1,2 MW ; P.C42/E22 = 4,6 MW

Cng sut ph ti trn thanh ci C42/A20 t c:

P.C42/A20 = P472/A20 + P.C42/E22 = 1,2 + 4,6 = 5,8 MW (1)

Cng sut nh mc ca MBA T4/A20:

PT4/A20 = PC42/A20 = 4MVAx0,8 = 3,2 MW (2)

So snh (1) v (2) ta thy: PC42/A20 T P.C42/A20Nh vy C42/A20 khng cp in cho ph ti thuc C42/E22 vi cng sut:

P.C42/A20 - (PC42/A20 - P472/A20) = 5,8 - (3,2 - 1,2) = 3,8 MW

20

+ Trm bin p 110kV Tuy Ho 1 (E23) ngng vn hnh: (xem S 1.4)

- Trng hp huy ng c cc MBA T1/E23 v T2/E23 chuyn ti t

pha 35 kV sang pha 22 kV th ph ti in khu vc th x Tuy Ho v huyn Ph

Ho s c cung cp t trm E22 v trm 110TA qua cc mch lin lc 35 kV gia

cc trm ny vi trm E23. (xem Hnh 1.8)


C42/110TA

476/110TA

474/110TA

472 /110TA

C32/110TA372/110T

A

373 /E23

371/E23482/E23

C32/E22 C42/E22

332/E22

(nE

23)

476/E22

474/E22

472 /E22

35GM

476/E23

474/E23

472/E23

484/E23

C31/E23

C42

/E23

374/110TA

(nE

23)

Trm E22 s cp in cho ph ti cc tuyn 472/E23, 474/E23, 476/E23,

482/E23, 484/E23; trm 110TA s cp in cho ph ti cc tuyn 371/E23 v

373/E23 (35TH). Kh nng cn bng cng sut khu vc lin quan nh sau:

Cng sut ph ti cc khu vc t c:

P.TH = P.C32/E22 + P.42/E22 = 12,1 MW

P.TA = P.C42/110TA = 5 MW ; P.X = P372/110TA = 1,9 MW

P.C42/E23 = P472/E23 + P474/E23 + P476/E23 + P482/E23 + P484/E23 = 6,8 MW

P.C31/E23 = P371/E23 + P373/E23 = 9,4 MW

Cng sut ph ti tng ca trm E22 v 110TA t c:

P.E22 = P.TH + P.C42/E23 = 12,1 + 6,8 = 18,9 MW (1)

P.110TA = P.TA + P.X + P.C31/E23 = 5 + 1,9 + 9,4 = 16,3 MW (2)

22

Cng sut nh mc ca cc MBA T2/E22 v T2/110TA:

PE22 = 25MVAx0,8 = 20 MW (3)

P110TA = 25MVAx0,8 = 20 MW (4)

So snh (1) v (3), (2) v (4) ta thy: P.E22T PE22 v P.110TAT P110TAH s mang ti ca cc MBA T2/E22 v T2/110TA:

P.E22 / PE22 = 94,5% v P.110TA / P110TA = 81,5%

Ph ti in khu vc huyn Sn Ho s c cung cp t trm A20: (xem Hnh 1.9)

Hnh 1.9: S cp in cho huyn Sn Ha khi trm E23 s c

C41/A20

471/A20

472/SHo

473/SHo

471/SHo


P.SHo = 1,15 MW ; P.SHi = P471/A20 = 1,2 MW

Cng sut ph ti trn thanh ci C41/A20 t c:

P.C41/A20 = P.SHo +P.SHi = 1,15 + 1,2 = 2,35 MW (5)

Cng sut nh mc ca MBA T3/A20:

PC41/A20 = 4MVAx0,8 = 3,2 MW (6)

So snh (5) v (6) ta thy: P.C41/A20 T PC41/A20H s mang ti ca MBA T3/A20: P.C41/A20 / PC41/A20 = 73,437%

- Trng hp khng huy ng c cc MBA T1/E23 v T2/E23 cp in

t pha cun dy 35 kV sang pha cun dy 22 kV th hu nh ton b ph ti 22 kV

ca trm E23 s khng c cp in. Cng sut ln nht ca ph ti khng th cp

c in trong trng hp ny l:

P.C42/E23 = P472/E23 + P474/E23 + P476/E23 + P482/E23 + P484/E23

= 6,8 MW

23

+ Trm bin p 110 kV Tuy An (110TA) ngng vn hnh: (xem S 1.5)

- Trng hp huy ng c MBA T2/110TA cp in t pha 35 kV

sang pha 22 kV th ph ti in khu vc huyn Tuy An v huyn ng Xun s

c cung cp t trm bin p E23 qua mch lin lc 35 kV gia trm E23 v trm

110TA (qua xut tuyn 371/E23). Kh nng cn bng cng sut khu vc lin quan

nh sau: (xem Hnh 1.10)

Hnh 1.10: S cp in khi trm 110TA s c

371/E23

373 /E23

372/110TA

C32/110TA

474/110TA

472/110TA

476/110TA

C42/110T

A

C31/E23


P371/E23 = 0,8 MW ; P373/E23 = 8,6 MW ;

P.C31/E23 = P371/E23 + P373/E23 = 9,4 MW

P.TA = P.C42/110TA = 5 MW ; P.X = P372/110TA = 1,9 MW

Cng sut ph ti ca MBA T1/E23 t c:

P.T1/E23 = P.C31/E23 + P.TA + P.X = 9,4 + 5 + 1,9 = 16,3 MW (1)


PT1/E23 = 25MVAx0,8 = 20 MW (2)

So snh (1) v (2) ta thy: P.T1/E23 T PT1/E23H s mang ti ca MBA T1/E23: P.T1/E23 / PT1/E23 = 81,5%

- Trng hp khng huy ng c MBA T2/110TA cp in t pha 35

kV sang pha 22 kV th ton b ph ti 22 kV (472/110TA, 474/110TA, 476/110TA)

thuc thanh ci C42/110TA s khng c cp in vi cng sut l:

P.C42/110TA = P472/110TA + P474/110TA + P476/110TA = 5 MW

25

+ Trm bin p 110 kV Sng Cu (110SC) ngng vn hnh:(xem S 1.6)

Ph ti in huyn Sng Cu s c cung cp t trm bin p 110TA (qua

xut tuyn 372/110TA). (xem Hnh 1.11)

Hnh 1.11: S cp in khi trm 110SC s c

35SC

478/110SC

472/35SC

471/35SC

476/110SC

474/110SC

C42/110SC

C42/110TA C32/110TA

472/110TA

474 /110TA

476 /110TA

372 /110TA

374 /110TA

35X


P.TA = 5 MW ; P.X = 1,9 MW v P.SC = 4,1 MW (1)

Cng sut ph ti tng ca MBA T2/110TA:

P.110TA = P.TA + P.X + P.SC = 5 + 1,9 + 4,1 = 11 MW (2)

Cng sut nh mc ca MBA T2/110TA v T2/35SC:

P35SC = 6,3MVAx0,8 = 5,04 MW (3)

P110TA = 25MVAx0,8 = 20 MW (4)

So snh (1) v (3), (2) v (4) ta thy: P.35SCT P35SC v P.110TAT P110TAH s mang ti MBA T2/110TA v T2/35SC:

P.35SC / P35SC = 81,349% v P.110TA / P110TA = 55%

+ Trm nng p NMT Sng Hinh(A20) ngng vn hnh:(xem S 1.7)

- Ph ti in khu vc pha ty huyn Tuy Ho (472/A20) s c cung cp t

trm bin p E22 (472/E22): (xem Hnh 1.12)


P.TH = P.C32/E22 + P.C42/E22 =12,1 MW ; P472/A20 = 1,2 MW

28

Hnh 1.12: S cp in cho 472/A20 khi trm A20 s c

35GM

332/E22

(nE

23)

472 /E22

474/E22

476 /E22

C32/E22 C42/E22

472/A20

C42/A

20

Cng sut ph ti tng ca MBA T2/E22 t c:

P.E22 = P.TH + P472/A20 = 12,1 + 1,2 = 13,3 MW (1)


PE22 = 25MVAx0,8 = 20 MW (2)

So snh (1) v (2) ta thy: P.E22 T PE22H s mang ti ca MBA T2/E22: P.E22 / PE22 = 66,5%

- Ph ti in khu vc huyn Sng Hinh (471/A20) s c cung cp t trm

bin p E23 (MBA T2/E23), qua trm 35SHo: (xem Hnh 1.13)

472/35SHo

471/35SHo

473/35SHo

471/A20

C41/A

20C42/35SHo

35SHo

C32/E23

472/E23

474/E23

476/E23

482/E23

484 /E23

C42/E23

372/E23


29


P.C42/E23 = P472/E23 + P474/E23 + P476/E23 + P482/E23 + P484/E23 = 6,8 MW

P.C32/E23 = P372/E23 = 1,15 MW

P.SHo = P372/E23 = 1,15 MW ; P.SHi = P471/A20 = 1,2 MW

Cng sut ph ti tng ca cc MBA T2/35SHo v T2/E23 t c:

P.35SHo = P.SHo + P.SHi = 1,15 + 1,2 = 2,35 MW (1)

P.T2/E23 = P.C42/E23+ P.C32/E23+ P.Hi = 6,8+ 1,15+ 1,2 = 9,15 MW (2)

Cng sut nh mc ca cc MBA T2/35SHo v T2/E23:

P35SHo = 3,2MVAx0,8 = 2,56 MW (3)

PT2/E23 = 25MVAx0,8 = 20 MW (4)

So snh (1) v (3), (2) v (4) ta thy: P.T2/E23T PT2/E23, P.35SHoT P35SHoH s mang ti ca cc MBA T2/35SHo v T2/E23:

P.35SHo / P35SHo = 91,797% v P.T2/E23 / PT2/E23 = 45,75%

1.2.2.-Kim tra in p ti cc nt trong ch s c (xem Ph lc 3.1)

Trong thc t vn hnh li in phn phi trung p hin ti tnh Ph Yn,

trong ch s c cc nt gn cc trm bin p ngun vn m bo in p nm

trong gii hn cho php. V vy thc t ta ch cn quan tm kim tra in p cc nt

nm xa cc trm ngun thuc li in huyn Sn Ha v huyn ng Xun.

Theo kt qu tnh ca chng trnh tnh ton b li in phn phi trung p

ca Cng ty in lc 3- Tng Cng ty in lc Vit Nam:

+ Khu vc li in huyn Sn Ho:

- ch vn hnh bnh thng ph ti in huyn Sn Ho nhn in 35

kV t thanh ci C32/E23 qua ng dy 372/E23 v trm bin p 35/22kV Sn Ho,

kt qu tnh ton ti nt thanh ci C32/35SHo l:

* in p UC32/35SHo = 35,257 kV

* Tn tht in p U % = 0,69 %

* lch in p

30

* in p thp nht trn tuyn: Umin(471/35SHo) = 22,680 kV

* Tn tht in p ln nht trn tuyn: Umax(471/35SHo)% = 1,45%

* lch in p ti nt c in p thp nht:

31

* in p thp nht trn tuyn: Umin(472/35X) = 22,491 kV

* Tn tht in p ln nht trn tuyn: Umax(472/35X)% = 2,31%

* lch in p ti nt c in p thp nht:

32

(hay in nng mt) cho ph ti, l k vng in nng ca ph ti in b ct do

hng hc h thng trong mt nm v khi tnh thnh tin phn thit hi do b mt

in i vi cc h tiu th in c gi l tn tht kinh t do mt in.

Tn tht kinh t do mt in i vi cc h tiu th in c th: l tn tht

kinh t m cc c s ny phi chu khi mt in t ngt hay theo k hoch. Khi mt

in sn xut b ngng tr gy ra tn tht kinh t. Tn tht ny c th ph thuc s

ln mt in hoc in nng b mt hoc ng thi c hai v ng thi ph thuc

vo tnh cht s dng in ca h tiu th. Khi mt in theo k hoch, tn tht kinh

t s nh hn do c s sn xut c chun b. Tn tht kinh t do mt in c

xc nh theo cng thc: Y = y1.N + y2.t.

trong : y1- thit hi do chnh hin tng ngng cung cp in,

y2- thit hi theo mt n v thi gian ngng cung cp in,

N- s ln ngng cung cp in hng nm,

t.- thi gian tng cng cc ln ngng cung cp in trong nm.

Tn tht kinh t do mt in rt ln, ng thi v mt chnh tr- x hi cng

i hi tin cy cung cp in ngy cng cao, khin cho h thng in ngy cng

phi hon thin v cu trc, ci tin v vn hnh khng ngng nng cao cht

lng cung cp in.

1.3.1.2.-Cc bin php nng cao tin cy cung cp in

Thc cht cc bin php nng cao tin cy cung cp in u nhm hon

thin, pht huy hiu qu ti a nng lc ca li in v lm gim n mc thp

nht c th nhng thit hi do s c mt in gy nn. Nng cao tin cy cung cp

in cng chnh l nng cao cht lng cung cp in.

Li in l h thng rt phc tp v mt tin cy. nng cao tin cy

ca li in c th p dng cc bin php sau:

- S dng cc loi d tr: d tr cng sut my bin p, kh nng ti ca li

in v pht nng, phm vi iu chnh in p, d tr thit b thay th.

- Hon thin cu trc li in lm chng tr nn linh hot, c d tr cao

v c kh nng p ng nhanh vi mi tnh hung vn hnh (s dng s li in

c cu trc linh hot v nng ng).

33

- S dng cc thit b bo v, thit b iu khin t ng chng s c v iu

chnh ch ngy cng hon thin.

- S dng cc thit b in c cht lng cao.

- T chc tt h thng qun l, vn hnh.

- Khng ngng nng cao kh nng vn hnh ca cn b, k s v cng nhn.

Ngoi ra gim bt tn tht kinh t do mt in cn thc hin cc bin

php sa thi ph ti hp l v t chc tt cng tc h tiu th khi xy ra mt in.

Bin php Hon thin cu trc li in lm chng tr nn linh hot, c

d tr cao v c kh nng p ng nhanh vi mi tnh hung vn hnh rt thit

thc v ph hp i vi li in phn phi, v li in phn phi l ni trc tip

p ng cc yu cu cht lng cung cp in cho h tiu th in.

1.3.2.-Yu cu v gii php m bo cht lng in p cho h tiu th

1.3.2.1.-Yu cu m bo cht lng in p cho h tiu th

Khi cht lng in p lch ra khi gi tr nh mc th cc ch tiu kinh t-

k thut ca cc thit b dng in s b nh hng xu. Nu in p lch qu nhiu

so vi gi tr qui nh s lm h hng thit b, gy ra nhng thit hi kinh t ln.

C 4 tiu chun nh gi cht lng in p: lch in p, dao ng

in p, khng i xng v khng hnh sin; trong lch in p l tiu

chun in p quan trng nht nh hng rt ln n cu trc ca li in.

lch in p so vi in p nh mc ca li in:

34

1.3.2.2.-Cc gii php m bo cht lng in p cho h tiu th

Do tnh cht quan trng ca tiu chun lch in p i vi h tiu th

in, cc gii php m bo cht lng in p cho h tiu th in nghin cu

mc ny tp trung v vic iu chnh in p li in theo lch nhm m bo

sao cho lch in p so vi in p nh mc tt c cc nt ca li in tnh

ton nm trong phm vi cho php.

V bn cht vt l, ch c hai phng php iu chnh in p:

- Khi li in thiu cng sut phn khng, phng php duy nht iu

chnh in p l tng thm cc ngun cng sut phn khng.

- Khi li in cng sut phn khng, phng php iu chnh in p

l phn b li cng sut phn khng.

Cc phng php iu chnh in p li in c p dng ph bin hin

nay bao gm:

+ iu chnh in p ra ca my bin p tng p v h p bng cch t u

phn p c nh hoc iu p di ti.

+ iu chnh in p trn ng dy ti in bng my bin p iu chnh v

bin p b tr.

+ t cc thit b b ngang c iu chnh thay i cng sut khng truyn

ti trn ng dy nhm thay i tn tht in p.

+ t cc thit b b dc trn ng dy c iu chnh thay i in

khng ng dy nhm thay i tn tht in p.

Khi tnh ton kim tra, iu chnh in p ch cn xt n mt s im (gi

l cc im kim tra), m vic m bo cht lng in p cc im s dn ti

m bo cc im cn li.

35

Chng 2:

xut cc gii php

nng cao cht lng cung cp in

cho li in phn phi tnh Ph Yn

Cu trc ca li in c vai tr rt quan trng trong vic pht huy hiu qu

truyn ti v phn phi in; cu trc li in hp l s gip cho vn hnh cung

cp in linh hot, rt ngn thi gian mt in, hn ch thit hi do s c mt in

gy nn. Qua nghin cu thc trng li in phn phi tnh Ph Yn, tc gi xin

xut mt s gii php nhm nng cao cht lng cung cp in cho li in

phn phi tnh Ph Yn nh sau:

2.1.-Chuyn i li in 15 kV huyn Tuy Ho sang 22 kV

Thc t li in phn phi trung p tnh Ph Yn c nh hng pht

trin chuyn i sang vn hnh cp in p 22 kV. Hu ht cc trm bin p

ngun trung gian 110 kV v a s cc trm bin p trung gian trung p 35 kV u

c cp in p ra 22 kV pha th cp ca my bin p. iu ny gip cho li in

22 kV cc huyn pht trin thun li. Li in phn phi trung p ti cc huyn:

Ph Ho, Sng Hinh, Sn Ho, Tuy An, ng Xun, Sng Cu v mt phn huyn

Tuy Ho c chuyn sang vn hnh cp 22 kV thng qua cc d n khai thc

u ni sau cc trm bin p 110/35/22kV, hoc sau khi nng cp chng qu ti cc

trm bin p trung gian trung p 35/10kV, 35/15kV thnh 35/22kV. Li in phn

phi trung p ti th x tnh l Tuy Ho ang c trin khai ci to nng cp sang

vn hnh cp 22 kV theo d n SIDA.

Khu vc huyn Tuy Ho mc d hnh thnh trm bin p 110/35/22kV

Tuy Ho 2 (E22), nhng do ngun vn ti thi im tip nhn, khai thc ngun 22

kV hn ch nn ch chuyn i mt phn li in 15 kV sang vn hnh 22 kV.

36

Phn li in 15 kV cn li ca huyn Tuy Ho nm an xen vi cc tuyn 22 kV,

thc t vn hnh thiu d phng, khng linh hot trong iu vi cht lng cung

cp in thp. V vy cn thit nghin cu gii php chuyn i phn cn li ca

li in 15 kV huyn Tuy Ho sang vn hnh cp 22 kV.

2.1.1.-S lc hin trng li in phn phi huyn Tuy Ho

Huyn Tuy Ho thuc tnh Ph Yn; pha bc gip th x Tuy Ho v huyn

Ph Ho, pha ty gip huyn Sng Hinh, pha nam gip tnh Khnh Ho, pha ng

gip bin ng. Ph ti in ca huyn Tuy Ho c t l nh sng sinh hot hin nay

kh ln, nhng y l khu vc trng im pht trin kinh t ca tnh vi nhiu li

th v a l: c Quc l 1A v ng st thng nht i ngang qua, c ng lin

tnh ni vi Ty Nguyn, c cng bin Vng R ang c u t xy dng, c sn

bay ng Tc. Khu Cng nghip Ho Hip v ang c u t pht trin kh

nng ng thu ht nhiu nh u t nc ngoi, nh my ng Tuy Ho pha ty

ca huyn ang pht huy hiu qu s pht trin thnh cm cng nghip ch bin,

khu vc ng Tc hnh thnh cm cng nghip sn xut ch bin nng lm sn

xut khu v ng mi tu thuyn. y l vng c nhiu tim nng pht trin i

hi phi m bo ngy cng cao cht lng cung cp in. (xem S 2.1)

y l khu vc li in phn phi trung p nng thn pht trin mnh nht

t ngun vn u t ca a phng v ca dn ng gp. Tnh trng li in phn

phi trung p phn ln xung cp, cha c ci to nng cp, cht lng cp

in km. Tuy nhin li in khu vc ny cng c xy dng theo tiu chun

cp in p 22 kV t nhng nm sau ny nn qu trnh chuyn i sang vn hnh

cp in p 22 kV cng s tng i thun li. T khi c ch trng bn giao li

in trung p nng thn cho ngnh in qun l, in lc Ph Yn nhanh chng

trin khai cc chng trnh ci to nng cp cc tuyn ng dy trung p nng thn

theo tiu chun cp 22 kV va tng cng an ton, nng cao tin cy cung cp

in, ng thi sn sng chuyn sang vn hnh cp 22 kV sau ny.

Ngay khi Trm bin p nng p 2x4.000 kVA-10/22kV nh my thu in

Sng Hinh (A20) a vo vn hnh (u nm 2001), li in phn phi trung p

cc x (04 x:Sn Thnh, Ho Phong, Ho Ph, Nng trng Sn Thnh) pha ty

38

huyn Tuy Ho c ci to nng cp sang vn hnh cp in p 22 kV nhn

in trc tip t thanh ci 22 kV Trm bin p A20 (tuyn 472/A20).

Trm E22 a vo vn hnh t u nm 2001 to iu kin chuyn i

li in phn phi trung p khu vc huyn Tuy Ho sang 22 kV. Sau khi thc hin

chuyn i, ton b cc x pha ty huyn Tuy Ho cn li (Ho Bnh2, Ho ng,

Ho M ng, Ho M Ty, Ho Thnh) c nhn in trc tip t thanh ci

C42/E22 (tuyn 472/E22); xut tuyn 22 kV ny cng ng thi to mch ni lin

lc vi thanh ci 22 kV trm A20. Cc x pha nam huyn Tuy Ho (Ho Xun

ng, Ho Xun Ty, Ho Xun Nam, Ho Tm) cng c thc hin chuyn i

sang 22 kV, nhn in trc tip t thanh ci C42/E22 (tuyn 474/E22).

Mch 22 kV tuyn 476/E22 cung cp in c lp cho KCN Ho Hip c

xy dng gii quyt kp thi cht lng cp in cho cc ph ti quan trng ny

(hin ti ang trin khai thi cng xy dng trm bin p 110/22kV KCN Ho Hip ,

d kin hon thnh vo qu 3 nm 2004).

Phn li in phn phi trung p cn li khu vc huyn Tuy Ho ang vn

hnh cp in p 15 kV nhn in qua trm bin p trung gian trung p 35GM:

- Xut tuyn 872/35GM cp in cho cc x Ho Tn, Ho Vinh, Ho Hip

Trung, Ho Hip Nam. Cng sut cao im vo khong 3 MW; sn lng nm 2003

t khong 15 triu kWh.

- Xut tuyn 873/35GM cp in cho cc x Ho Bnh 1, Ho Thnh Ty,

Ho Thnh ng, Ho Hip Bc, th trn Ph Lm. Cng sut cao im vo khong

4,5 MW; sn lng nm 2003 t khong 19 triu kWh.

2.1.2.-Chuyn i li in 15 kV huyn Tuy Ho sang 22 kV

Thc hin ch trng pht trin li in phn phi trung p theo tiu chun

cp in p 22 kV ca B Nng lng(c) v ca Tng Cng ty in Lc Vit Nam:

i vi li in trung p phn phi xy dng mi hoc ci to nng cp u thc

hin theo tiu chun cp in p 22 kV; nhng khu vc cn ang vn hnh cp

in p 15 kV th ng dy xy dng mi nht thit phi theo tiu chun cp in

p 22 kV, ring trm bin p ph ti th s dng loi MBA c 2 cp in p pha

trung p 15(22)/0,4kV. Cc thit b khc th lp t theo cp in p ca li thc

39

t ang vn hnh (15 kV). Li in 15 kV ca huyn Tuy Ho a s c xy

dng theo ch trng ny; nh qu trnh chuyn i sang vn hnh cp 22 kV

s tng i thun li, nht l sau khi nhiu khu vc li in ca huyn thc t

thc hin chuyn i sang 22 kV theo cc d n u ni khai thc ngun 22 kV sau

trm bin p ngun E22, A20.

Gii php k thut chnh khi thc hin chuyn i li in 15 kV huyn

Tuy Ho sang vn hnh cp in p 22 kV s c thc hin bng cch:

- ng dy s c ci to nng cp theo tiu chun cp in p 22 kV. i

vi phn ng dy m bo t theo tiu chun cp in p vn hnh 22 kV th

gi nguyn hin trng. i vi phn ng dy cha t theo tiu chun cp in p

vn hnh 22 kV (ch yu l cch in) th cch in c c thay th bng cch

in mi 22 kV.

- Trm bin p ph ti cn thay th cc cch in theo tiu chun vn hnh

22 kV (Cu ch t ri, chng st van, s cch in). i vi cc trm bin p ph ti

m my bin p c 2 cp in p pha trung p 15(22)/0,4kV th thc hin

chuyn i nc trung p sang 22(15)/0,4kV. i vi cc trm bin p ph ti m

my bin p ch c 1 cp in p pha trung p 15/0,4kV th s c thay th bng

MBA loi 1 cp in p pha trung p 22/0,4kV.

- Trm b cng sut phn khng cn thay th cc cch in theo tiu chun

vn hnh 22 kV (Cu ch t ri, chng st van, s cch in). i vi loi t 1 pha

12,7 kV, hoc 15 kV s thc hin chuyn u ni thnh hnh sao vn hnh in

p pha ca li 22 kV. i vi loi t 1 pha 8,6 kV cn phi thay th mi bng loi

12,7 kV vi cng sut tng ng.

Qu trnh chuyn i c thc hin theo phng n "cun chiu" theo tng

khu vc, tng xut tuyn nhm gim thiu thi gian mt in cho khch hng s

dng in.

- Trm bin p trung gian trung p 35GM tip tc duy tr cp in cho li

in 15 kV trong qu trnh thc hin chuyn i sang cp 22 kV v s c loi b

khi ton b li in phn phi trung p ca huyn Tuy Ho c chuyn sang vn

hnh cp 22 kV.

40

Cc xut tuyn 872/35GM v 873/35GM s chuyn thnh 482/E22 v

484/E22 nhn in 22 kV t thanh ci C42/E22.

Sau khi thc hin chuyn i li in phn phi trung p 15 kV ca huyn

Tuy Ho sang vn hnh thng nht cp in p 22 kV s mang li mt s li ch

thit thc nh sau:

+ Loi b trm bin p trung gian trung p 35GM s lm n gin ho s

cp in, gim thiu cc thit b trung gian; cng nh gim thp chi ph u t sa

cha, ci to nng cp thit b vn qu c k, lc hu k thut; loi b thit hi

do mt in ca trm ny gy ra, nh nng cao tin cy cung cp in ca li

in v cng s lm tng linh hot trong vn hnh, ti u ho trong iu li

in. ng thi kin ton b my t chc sn xut, sp xp li lc lng lao ng,

hp l ha sn xut, tng nng sut lao ng; iu ny c bit c ngha v trm

35GM ang c 10 nhn vin trc.

+ Thng nht cp in p phn phi trung p 22 kV trong vn hnh to iu

kin p dng thng nht Tiu chun qun l k thut vn hnh li in phn phi

trung p s to iu kin thc y cc qu trnh tiu chun ho cc khu thit k,

xy dng, qun l vn hnh, qun l ti chnh, qun l vt t, thit b nh vo vic

hon thin cc qui trnh thng nht p dng trong cc khu qun l; trnh c

nhiu nhng bt cp do phi x l theo nhiu tiu chun cp in p khc nhau.

iu ny cho php y nhanh qu trnh hin i ho cc khu qun l, nht l khu

qun l k thut, qun l vn hnh li in; gp phn hp l ho sn xut v lm

tng nng sut lao ng. Thng nht cp in p phn phi trung p 22 kV s to

iu kin chun ho v gim thiu s lng vt t, thit b d tr, d phng mt

cch hp l; nh s lm tng hiu qu kinh t s dng vn.

+ Thng nht cp in p phn phi trung p 22 kV va c ngha m rng

phm vi bn knh cp in, cng ng thi nng cao cht lng in p cui ngun

v lm gim thp tn hao in nng ti trn ng dy so vi cc cp in p thp

hn trc (15 kV).

+ Thng nht cp in p phn phi trung p 22 kV s to iu kin thc

hin phn b li ph ti in vi cht lng in nng c ci thin, vi kt cu

41

li in hp l hn, to iu kin tng cng kt ni cc mch vng lin kt d

phng gia cc xut tuyn 22 kV trong ni b khu vc, hoc gia cc trm bin p

ngun, gia cc khu vc; iu ny s gp phn lm tng kh nng linh hot ca li

in trong vn hnh v c bit c ngha trong vic lm tng tin cy cung cp

in cho c h thng in.

2.2.-Pht trin cc mch lin kt 22 kV lin vng c phn on

n nay li in phn phi trung p tnh Ph Yn pht trin n 100%

s x, phng, th trn trong tnh. Hu ht cc x gip ranh gia cc huyn v th x

u c cp in vi cp in p 22 kV, rt thun li trong vic thc hin cc

mch lin kt 22 kV lin vng nhm tng cng tin cy cung cp in cho li

in phn phi. (xem S 2.2)

2.2.1.-To mch lin kt 22 kV huyn Tuy An- huyn Sng Cu

Gia huyn Tuy An v huyn Sng Cu c hai x gip ranh l An Dn (h.Tuy

An) v Xun Th 2 (h. Sng Cu). X An Dn nhn in t ngun 22 KV xut tuyn

472/110TA v cch trm bin p 110TA khong 10.455 m; x Xun Th 2 nhn

in t ngun 22 kV xut tuyn 478/110SC v cch trm bin p 110SC khong

27.046 m. Hai x gip ranh ca hai huyn ny c li in trung p 22 kV nm kh

gn nhau (cch khong 2.900 m) c cung cp t hai ngun khc nhau l iu kin

thun li thc hin kt ni mch vng lin lc d phng cp in gia hai khu

vc trm bin p ngun 110TA v 110SC.

Thc hin gii php bng cch xy dng mi ng dy trn khng 22 kV

ni t trm bin p T.219-Cn Lng (x An Dn) n trm bin p T.836-Bnh

Thnh (x Xun Th 2) di khong 2.900 m, v thc hin phn on li ti phn

on P-106/471/35SC s to c mch lin kt gia hai trm bin p 110TA v

110SC. Lc ny c th thc hin kt li mi, trong xut tuyn 472/110TA c

th cp in n ton b li in x Xun Th 2 vi khong cch n im cui

vo khong 17 km v gim c ph ti v bn knh cp in ca xut tuyn

478/110SC xung cn khong 20 km. iu ny chc chn s lm tng kh nng vn

hnh cung cp in lin tc nh c d phng t hai ngun v nng cao hiu qu

kinh t nh gim tn tht in nng, gim tn tht kinh t do mt in gy nn.

43

2.2.2.-To mch lin kt 22 kV huyn Tuy An- huyn ng Xun

Gia huyn Tuy An v huyn ng Xun c hai x gip ranh l An nh (h.

Tuy An) v Xun Sn (h. ng Xun). X An nh nhn in t ngun 22 kV xut

tuyn 474/110TA v cch trm bin p 110TA khong 6.051 m; x Xun Sn nhn

in t ngun 22 kV xut tuyn 471/35X v cch trm bin p 35X khong

10.651 m. Hai x gip ranh ca hai huyn ny c li in trung p 22 kV nm

kh gn nhau (cch khong 1.656 m) c cung cp t hai ngun khc nhau l iu

kin thun li thc hin kt ni mch vng lin lc d phng cp in gia hai

khu vc trm bin p ngun 110TA v 35X.


ni t trm bin p T.408-An nh 2 (x An nh) n trm bin p T.124-Tn Ho

2 (x Xun Sn) di khong 1.656 m v thc hin phn on li ti phn on P-

102/471/35X s to c mch lin kt gia hai trm bin p 110TA v 35X.

Lc ny c th thc hin kt li mi, trong xut tuyn 474/110TA c th cp

in n ton b li in x Xun Sn vi khong cch n im cui vo khong

17.318 m v gim c ph ti ca xut tuyn 471/35X, chng qu ti trm

35X. iu ny chc chn s lm tng kh nng vn hnh cung cp in lin tc

nh c d phng t hai ngun v nng cao hiu qu kinh t nh gim kh nng qu

ti trm bin p 35 kV ng Xun, gim tn tht kinh t do mt in gy nn.

2.2.3.-To mch lin kt 22 kV huyn Tuy An- th x Tuy Ho

X An C nhn in t ngun 22 kV xut tuyn 476/110TA (h. Tuy An) v

cch trm bin p 110TA khong 2.238 m; x An Hip (h. Tuy An) nhn in t

ngun 22 kV xut tuyn 484/E23 v cch trm bin p E23 khong 20.185 m. Hai

x gip ranh ca huyn Tuy An v th x Tuy Ho ny c li in trung p 22

kV nm kh gn nhau (cch khong 4.389 m) c cung cp t hai ngun khc

nhau l iu kin thun li thc hin kt ni mch vng lin lc d phng cp

in gia hai khu vc trm bin p ngun 110TA v E23.


ni t trm bin p T.604-Ph Tn 1 (x An C) n trm bin p T.306-M Ph (x

An Hip) di khong 4.389 m v phn on li ti thanh ci C42/H s to c

44

mch lin kt gia hai trm bin p 110TA v E23. Lc ny c th thc hin kt li

mi, trong xut tuyn 476/110TA c th cp in thm (ph ti tuyn 473/H)

n ton b li in cc x An Hip, An Ho, An Hi, An Chn vi khong cch

n im cui (thanh ci 22 kV Ho a) vo khong 12.142 m v gim c ph ti

v bn knh cp in ca xut tuyn 484/E23 (n thanh ci 22 kV Ho a- cn

khong 14.670 m). iu ny chc chn s lm tng kh nng vn hnh cung cp

in lin tc nh c d phng t hai ngun v nng cao hiu qu kinh t nh gim

tn tht in nng, gim tn tht kinh t do mt in gy nn.

2.3.-Ti cu trc li lin kt 35 kV sang 22 kV

Li in 35 kV tnh Ph Yn hin nay ch yu lin lc d phng gia

cc trm bin p trung gian ngun 110/35/22kV (E22, E23, 110TA, 110SC) v

truyn ti in n cc trm bin p trung gian trung p (35TH, 35GM, 35SH,

35H, 35X). (xem S 1.1, trang 4)

Li in 35 kV thng xuyn vn hnh non ti hoc thm ch ngng d

phng, hiu qu khai thc vn hnh thp. Ph ti phn phi hu ht c cp in t

li 15 kV, hoc 22 kV nn mc d i song song vi li 35 kV nhng khng th

c d phng t li 35 kV. Lin kt li 35 kV trong ch ngng vn hnh cc

trm bin p trung gian ngun cp in cho ph ti li in 22 kV rt kh khn

v phi nh qua MBA 110/35/22kV; v khi cc MBA ny khng vn hnh c do

s c, th nghim nh k, bo dng, sa cha... th hu nh li in 35 kV lin

kt gia cc trm bin p ngun khng c tc dng.

Gii php ti cu trc li in lin kt 35 kV sang vn hnh 22 kV nhm

khc phc tnh trng nu trn, pht huy hiu qu khai thc vn hnh bnh thng,

tng cng kh nng v hiu qu d phng, nng cao cht lng cung cp in an

ton, lin tc cho li in.

2.3.1.-Chuyn ng dy 35 kV Tuy An- Sng Cu sang vn hnh

22 kV v xo b TBA trung gian trung p 35SC (Sng Cu)

ng dy 35 kV Tuy An- Sng Cu l nhnh r t xut tuyn 372/110TA

vi chiu di khong 19.182 m v trm bin p trung gian trung p 35SC (6.300

kVA) hin ang thng xuyn trng thi ngng d phng. iu ny gy lng ph

45

trong khai thc vn hnh li in. V vy cn thit nghin cu gii php chuyn i

ng dy 35 kV ny sang vn hnh 22 kV cp in thng xuyn cho ph ti in,

va m bo d phng lin kt gia hai trm bin p 110TA v 110SC.

Thc hin gii php ny cn thit xy dng mi khong 4 km ng dy trn

khng 22 kV t trm bin p 110TA n nhnh r 372-7S/372/110TA hin nay v

u ni vo my ct xut tuyn 478/110TA hin ang d phng. ng dy 35 kV

Tuy An- Sng Cu s chuyn sang vn hnh 22 kV m khng cn u t g thm.

Sau khi thc hin gii php, tuyn 478/110TA s cp in cho ton b ph ti

ca tuyn 471/35SC(c), tuyn 478/110SC s cp in n thanh ci 22 kV trm

35SC(c). Trm bin p 35SC s c loi b v chuyn thnh trm ct ph ti khu

vc ng thi d phng lin lc gia hai trm bin p 110TA v 110SC.

2.3.2.-Chuyn ng dy 35 kV Tuy An- ng Xun sang vn hnh

22 kV v xo b TBA trung gian trung p 35X (ng Xun)

ng dy 35 kV Tuy An- ng Xun di khong 16 km nhn in t xut

tuyn 372/110TA, v TBA trung gian trung p 35X (2.500 kVA) cung cp in cho

huyn ng Xun. Hin trm bin p 35X ang tnh trng y ti, nn mc d

c thc hin mch lin lc 22 kV t xut tuyn 474/110TA n xut tuyn

471/35X th trm bin p 35X cng ch gim nh ti m khng d phng ngc

li cp in cho xut tuyn 474/110TA, thm ch ngay c cp in d phng cho

ton b xut tuyn 471/35X cng kh m bo c. V vy cn thit nghin

cu gii php chuyn i ng dy 35 kV ny sang vn hnh 22 kV v xo b trm

bin p trung gian trung p 35X.

Thc hin gii php ny ch cn u ni cp ngm 22 kV t thanh ci

C42/110TA n my ct xut tuyn 372/110TA (dng cp ngm 24 kV-150mm2 di

khong 25 m), my ct 372/110TA s chuyn thnh 482/110TA. ng dy 35 kV

Tuy An- ng Xun s chuyn sang vn hnh 22 kV m khng cn u t g thm.

Sau khi thc hin gii php cp in cho huyn ng Xun s c thc hin

bng hai mch 22 kV t trm bin p 110TA (474/110TA v 482/110TA) to iu

kin tng cng d phng cp in gia hai xut tuyn ny. Trm bin p 35X s

c loi b v u ni thnh trm ct phn phi ph ti khu vc.

46

2.3.3.-Chuyn ng dy 35 kV E23- 110TA sang vn hnh 22 kV

v xo b TBA trung gian trung p 35H (Ho a)

ng dy 35 kV t xut tuyn 371/E23 n xut tuyn 374/110TA di

khong 21.585 m ch cp in cho Nh my xi mng Ph Yn vi cng sut khong

0,5 MW v ph ti xut tuyn 871/35H vi cng sut khong 0,3 MW. Mch lin

lc 35 kV ny trong ch ngng vn hnh cc trm ngun E23 hoc 110TA cp

in cho ph ti in 22 kV rt kh khn v phi nh qua cc MBA 110/35/22kV; v

khi cc MBA ny khng vn hnh c th hu nh ng dy 35 kV ny khng c

tc dng. V vy cn thit nghin cu gii php chuyn i ng dy 35 kV E23-

110TA sang vn hnh 22 kV v xo b trm bin p trung gian trung p 35H.

Thc hin gii php ny bng cch u ni cp ngm 22 kV t thanh ci

C42/E23 n my ct xut tuyn 371/E23 v t thanh ci C42/110TA n my ct

xut tuyn 374/110TA (dng cp ngm 24kV-150mm2 di khong 50 m), cc my

ct 371/E23 v 374/110TA s chuyn thnh 471/E23 v 484/110TA to mch d

phng cp in, loi tr c tnh trng khng cp in c cho ph ti 22 KV ca

trm 110TA khi MBA T2/110TA ngng vn hnh nh trc y. ng dy 35 kV

371/E23-374/110TA chuyn sang vn hnh 22 kV m khng cn u t g thm.

Thc hin chuyn nc MBA nh my xi mng Ph Yn t 35/6kV sang 22/6kV

(MBA 35(22)/6kV) v cc MBA cc trm ph ti thuc xut tuyn 871/35H t 15

kV sang 22 kV (ton b cc MBA trn tuyn ny u c hai cp in p 15 kV v

22 kV), thay th cc chng st van 15 kV thnh loi 18 kV. ng dy 871/35H l

li in mi xy dng theo cp 22 kV nn chuyn sang vn hnh 22 kV m khng

cn u t g thm. Trm 35H s c chuyn thnh trm ct ph ti khu vc.

2.3.4.-Chuyn ng dy 35 kV E22, E23- Sn Ho sang vn hnh 22 kV

v xo b TBA trung gian trung p 35SHo (Sn Ho)

ng dy 35 kV t xut tuyn 332/E22 n xut tuyn 372/E23 di khong

21.585 m v nhnh r cp in cho huyn Sn Ho di khong 30 km vi cng sut

khong 1,15 MW. Mch lin lc 35 KV ny trong ch ngng vn hnh cc trm

ngun E22 hoc E23 cp in cho ph ti li in 22 kV rt kh khn v phi

nh qua cc MBA 110/35/22kV; v khi cc MBA ny khng vn hnh th hu nh

47

ng dy 35 kV ny ch c tc dng cp in cho huyn Sn Ho m khng c kh

nng d phng cp in cho ph ti li 22 kV huyn Tuy Ho hoc th x Tuy

Ho. V vy cn thit nghin cu gii php chuyn i ng dy 35 kV E22, E23-

Sn Ho sang vn hnh 22 kV v xo b trm bin p trung gian trung p 35SHo.

Thc hin gii php ny bng cch chuyn u ni cp ngm 35kV t my

ct xut tuyn 332/E22 sang my ct xut tuyn 478/E22 (ang d phng) v u

ni cp ngm 24 kV-150mm2 di khong 50 m t thanh ci C42/E23 n my ct

xut tuyn 372/E23 (c). ng dy 35 kV chuyn sang vn hnh 22 kV m khng

cn u t g thm. Trm 35SHo s c loi b v chuyn thnh trm ct ph ti 22

kV khu vc. Li in khu vc huyn Sn Ho ang vn hnh 22 kV nn khng cn

u t g thm.

Tm li: Cc gii php xut tp trung cu trc li li in phn phi

trung p ph hp theo quy hoch vi ngha nng cao cht lng cung cp in cho

li in, to cho li in vn hnh linh hot hn, tng cng kh nng d phng

cp in gia cc khu vc nhm gim thp thit hi do mt in gy nn, tng cng

hiu qu nng lc vn hnh ca li in.

+ Chuyn i li in 15 kV sang vn hnh thng nht cp in p 22 kV

to iu kin nng cao hiu qu qun l vn hnh, qun l ti chnh, qun l vt t,

thit b, ti sn; gp phn hp l ho sn xut v lm tng nng sut lao ng.

+ Loi b cc trm bin p trung gian trung p 35 kV s lm n gin ho s

cp in, gim thiu cc thit b trung gian; gim thp chi ph u t sa cha,

ci to nng cp thit b c k, lc hu k thut; loi b thit hi do mt in ca

cc trm ny gy ra, nh lm tng linh hot trong vn hnh li in, nng

cao tin cy cung cp in ca li in. ng thi kin ton b my t chc sn

xut, sp xp li lc lng lao ng, hp l ha sn xut, tng nng sut lao ng.

+ Cu trc li li in lin kt 35 kV sang vn hnh 22 kV khc phc tnh

trng mt in cc ph ti 22 kV khi cc MBA ngun ngng vn hnh v tng

cng d phng lin kt vi li in 22 kV.

48

Chng 3:

Tnh ton, phn tch

kinh t- k thut cc gii php

nng cao cht lng cung cp in

cho li in phn phi tnh Ph Yn

3.1.-Kim tra m bo lin kt trong li in ti cu trc

3.1.1.-Cn bng cng sut cc khu vc (xem Ph lc 6.2)

3.1.1.1.-Cn bng cng sut cc khu vc vi s c bn (xem S 3.1)



C42/E22

484/E22

482/E22

476 /E22

474 /E22

472 /E22

478/E22

(nE

23)

Trm E22 s cung cp in ch yu cho ph ti khu vc huyn Tuy Ho. Cc

xut tuyn 872/35GM, 873/35GM sau khi c chuyn sang vn hnh 22 kV tr

thnh cc xut tuyn 482/E22, 484/E22 nhn in t thanh ci C42/E22.

Cng sut ph ti trn cc xut tuyn mi v cng sut ph ti tng ca trm

E22 nh sau:

P482/E22 = P872/35GM = 3 MW

P484/E22 = P873/35GM = 4,5 MW

P.E22 = P.C42/E22 = P.TH = P472/E22+ P474/E22+ P476/E22+ P482/E22+ P484/E22

= 2,8 + 1,4 + 0,4 + 3 + 4,5 = 12,1 MW (1)

50

Cng sut nh mc ca trm E22:

PE22 = 25MVAx0,8 = 20 MW (2)

So snh (1) v (2) ta thy: P.E22T PE22H s mang ti ca MBA T2/E22 trm E22: P.E22 / PE22 = 60,5%

+ Trm bin p 110/35/22kV Tuy Ho 1 (E23):

Trm E23 s cung cp in ch yu cho ph ti khu vc th x Tuy Ho,

huyn Ph Ho v huyn Sn Ho. (xem Hnh 3.2)


C41/E23 C42/E23

471/E23

473/E23

475/E23

477/E23

482 /E23

484/E23

472/E23

474/E23

476 /E23

Tx.Tuy Ho h.Sn Ho h.Ph Ho484/110TA C42/H

Sau khi cu trc li cc xut tuyn thuc trm E23 c chuyn i nh sau:

- Cc xut tuyn 371/E23 v 372/E23 chuyn thnh 471/E23 v 472/E23

P471/E23 = P371/E23 = 0,8 MW

P472/E23 = P372/E23 = 1,15 MW

- Cc xut tuyn 472/E23(c) v 373/E23 chuyn thnh 473/E23, 475/E23

v 477/E23 (sau khi ci to nng cp li in th x Tuy Ha- d n SIDA).

P473/E23 + P475/E23 + P477/E23 = P373/E23 + P472/E23(c) = 8,6 + 1,6 = 10,2 MW

- Xut tuyn 484/E23 ch cp in n thanh ci C42/H cng sut t c:

P484/E23 = P484/E23(c) - P473/H = 1- 0,6 = 0,4 MW

Cng sut ph ti cc thanh ci thuc trm E23 t c:

P.C41/E23 = P471/E23 + (P473/E23 + P475/E23 + P477/E23)

= 0,8 + 10,2 = 11 MW

P.C42/E23 = P472/E23 + P474/E23 + P476/E23 + P482/E23 + P484/E23

= 1,15 + 2,5 + 1,5 + 0,2 + 0,4 = 5,75 MW

51

Cng sut ph ti tng ca trm E23 t c:

P.E23 = P.C41/E23 + P.C42/E23 = 11+ 5,75 = 16,75 MW (1)


PE23 = 2x25MVAx0,8 = 40 MW (2)

So snh (1) v (2) ta thy: P.E23 T PE23H s mang ti ca trm E23: P.E23 / PE23 = 41,875%

+ Trm bin p 110/35/22kV Tuy An (110TA): (xem Hnh 3.3)

Trm 110TA s cung cp in ch yu cho ph ti khu vc huyn Tuy An,

huyn ng Xun v khu vc th trn Sng Cu v x Xun Th (tuyn 471/35SC).

Hnh 3.3: S cp in trm 110TA

C42/110TA

472/110TA

474/110TA

476/110TA

478/110TA

482 /110TA

484/110TA

(nE

23)

h.ng

Xun

tt.SngC

u

h.Tuy An

P-102/471X

C42/HP-106/471SC

Sau khi cu trc li cc xut tuyn thuc trm E23 c chuyn i nh sau:

- Xut tuyn 472/110TA s cp in n P-106/471/SC cng sut t c:

P472/110TA = P472/110TA(c) + 0,5 = 2,4 + 0,5 = 2,9 MW

- Xut tuyn 474/110TA s cp in n P-102/471/X cng sut t c

P474/110TA = P474/110TA(c) + 0,3 = 1 + 0,3 = 1,3 MW

- Xut tuyn 476/110TA s cp in n C42/H cng sut t c:

P476/110TA = P476/110TA(c) + P473/H = 1,6 + 0,6 = 2,2 MW

- Xut tuyn 478/110TA s cp in cho ph ti thuc tuyn 471/35SC

(khng k sau P-106/471SC) cng sut t c:

52

P478/110TA = P471/35SC - 0,5 = 1,7 - 0,5 = 1,2 MW

- Xut tuyn 482/110TA s cp in cho huyn ng Xun (ph ti tuyn

372/110TA khng k sau P-102/471/X) cng sut t c:

P482/110TA = P372/110TA(c) - 0,3 = 1,9 - 0,3 = 1,6 MW

Cng sut ph ti tng ca trm 110TA t c:

P.110TA = P472/110TA + P474/110TA + P476/110TA + P478/110TA + P482/110TA

= 2,9 + 1,3 + 2,2 + 1,2 + 1,6 = 9,2 MW (1)

Cng sut nh mc ca MBA T2/110TA:

P110TA = 25MVAx0,8 = 20 MW (2)

So snh (1) v (2) ta thy: P.110TA T P110TAH s mang ti ca MBA T2/110TA: P.110TA / P110TA = 46%

+ Trm bin p 110/22kV Sng Cu (110SC): (xem Hnh 3.4)

Trm 110SC s cung cp in ch yu cho ph ti khu vc cc x pha bc

huyn Sng Cu (tr khu vc th trn Sng Cu v x Xun Th).

Hnh 3.4: S cp in trm 110SC

C42/110SC

478/110SC

476/110SC

474/110SC

472/110SC

482 /110SC

KCNSNG CU

(cha vn hnh)

C42/SC

Sau khi cu trc li xut tuyn 478/110SC ch cp in n thanh ci C42/SC,

cc xut tuyn cn li vn gi nguyn. Cng sut ph ti cc tuyn t c:

P474/110SC = 1,6 MW

P476/110SC = 0,7 MW

P478/110SC = P478/110SC(c) - P471/35SC = 1,8 - 1,7 = 0,1 MW

Cng sut ph ti tng ca trm 110SC t c:

53

P.110SC = P474/110SC + P476/110SC + P478/110SC

= 1,6 + 0,7 + 0,1 = 2,4 MW (1)

Cng sut nh mc ca MBA T2/110SC:

P110SC = 16MVAx0,8 = 12,8 MW (2)

So snh (1) v (2) ta thy: P.110SC T P110SCH s mang ti ca MBA T2/110SC: P.SC / P110SC = 18,75%

+ Trm bin p nng p 10/22kV NMT Sng Hinh (A20): (xem Hnh 3.5)

Trm A20 s cung cp in ch yu cho ph ti khu vc huyn Sng Hinh

(xut tuyn 471/A20) v cc x pha ty huyn Tuy Ho (xut tuyn 472/A20).

Hnh 3.5: S cp in trm A20

C41/A20 C42/A20471/A

20

472/A20

h.Sng Hinh

P471/A20 = 1,2 MW (1)

P472/A20 = 1,2 MW (2)

PC41/A20 = PC42/A20 = 4MVAx0,8 = 3,2 MW (3)

So snh (1) v (3), (2) v (3) ta thy: P471/A20TPC41/A20 v P472/A20TPC42/A20H s mang ti ca cc MBA T1/A20 v T2/A20:

P471/A20 / PC41/A20 = 37,5% v P472/A20 / PC42/A20 = 37,5%

Kt lun: trong ch vn hnh vi s vn hnh c bn, cc trm bin p

ngun 110 kV v 22 kV trong khu vc tnh Ph Yn khng b qu ti.

3.1.1.2.-Cn bng cng sut cc khu vc trong ch s c

Xt cn bng cng sut cc khu vc khi cc trm ngun ngng vn hnh:

+ Trm bin p 110 kV Tuy Ho 2 (E22) ngng vn hnh: (xem S 3.2)

Ph ti in khu vc huyn Tuy Ho (thuc E22) s c cung cp t trm

E23 qua mch lin lc 22 kV gia trm E22 v E23 (xut tuyn 472/E23).

55

Kh nng cn bng cng sut khu vc lin quan nh sau: (xem Hnh 3.6)


C42/E

22

C42/E23C41/E23

471/E23

473/E23

475 /E23

477/E23

482 /E23

484/E23

474 /E23

476 /E23

472 /E23

Cng sut ph ti trn thanh ci cc trm E22, E23 t c:

P.C42/E22 = P.TH = 12,1 MW

P.C41/E23 = P471/E23 + (P473/E23 + P475/E23 + P477/E23) = 11MW

P.C42/E23 = (P472/E23 + P474/E23 + P476/E23 + P482/E23 + P484/E23) + P.C42/E22

= 5,75 + 12,1 = 17,85 MW

Cng sut ph ti tng ca trm E23 t c:

P.E23 = P.C41/E23 + P.C42/E23 = 11+ 17,85 = 28,85 MW (1)


PE23 = 2x25MVAx0.8 = 40 MW (2)


+ Trm bin p 110 kV Tuy Ho 1 (E23) ngng vn hnh: (xem S 3.3)

Ph ti in khu vc th x Tuy Ho, huyn Ph Ho v huyn Sn Ho s

c cung cp t trm bin p E22 v trm bin p 110TA qua cc mch lin lc 22

kV gia cc trm bin p ny. (xem Hnh 3.7)

Trm E22 cp in cho cc ph ti thuc thanh ci C42/E23, trm 110TA

cp in cho cc ph ti thuc C41/E23, ring xut tuyn 478/110TA s c cp

in t trm 110SC. Kh nng cn bng cng sut khu vc lin quan nh sau:

Cng sut ph ti trn thanh ci cc trm E22, E23, 110TA t c:

P.C41/E23 = P471/E23 + (P473/E23 + P475/E23 + P477/E23) = 11 MW

57

P.C42/E23 = (P472/E23 + P474/E23 + P476/E23 + P482/E23 + P484/E23) = 5,75 MW

P.C42/E22 =12,1 MW

P.C42/110TA = P472/110TA+ P474/110TA+ P476/110TA + P482/110TA

= 2,9 + 1,3 + 2,2 +1,6 = 8 MW


C42/E22 C42/110TA

478/E22

(nE

23)

472/E22

474/E22

476/E22

482/E22

484/E22

484/110TA

(nE

23)

472 /110TA

474/110TA

476/110TA

478/110TA

(Ct)

482/110TA

C41/E23

477/E23

475/E23

473 /E23

471 /E23

C42

/E23 472/E23

474/E23

476/E23

482/E23

484/E23

Cng sut ph ti tng ca cc trm E22, 110TA t c:

P.E22 = P.C42/E22 + P.C42/E23 = 12,1 + 5,75 = 17,85 MW (1)

P.110TA = P.C42/110TA + P.C41/E23 = 8 + 11= 19 MW (2)

Cng sut nh mc ca cc trm E22, 110TA:

PE22 = 25MVAx0,8 = 20 MW (3)

P110TA = 25MVAx0,8 = 20 MW (4)

So snh (1) v (3), (2) v (4) ta thy: P.E22T PE22 v P.110TAT P110TAH s mang ti ca cc trm E22, 110TA:

P.E22/PE22 = 89,25% v P.110TA/P110TA = 95%

+ Trm bin p 110 kV Tuy An (110TA) ngng vn hnh: (xem S 3.4)

Ph ti in huyn Tuy An v huyn ng Xun s c cung cp t trm

E23 qua cc mch lin lc 22 kV gia trm E23 v 110TA. Ph ti in th trn

Sng cu v x Xun Th s nhn in t trm 110SC.

59

Kh nng cn bng cng sut khu vc lin quan nh sau: (xem Hnh 3.8)

C42/110TA

476/110TA

474/110TA

472/110TA

482/110TA

471/E23

484/E23

476/E23

474/E23

472/E23

482/E23

477/E23

475/E23

473/E23

C41/E23 C42/E23

Hnh 3.8: S cp in khi trm 110TA s c

Cng sut ph ti trn thanh ci cc trm 110TA, E23 t c:

P.C42/110TA = P472/110TA + P474/110TA + P482/110TA = 2,9+ 1,3 + 1,6 = 5,8 MW

P.C41/E23 = P471/E23 + (P473/E23 + P475/E23 + P477/E23) + P.C42/110TA

= 11+ 5,8 = 16,8 MW

P.C42/E23 = P472/E23 + P474/E23 + P476/E23 + P482/E23 + P484/E23 + P476/110TA

= 1,15 + 2,5 + 1,5 + 0,2 + 0,4 + 2,2 = 7,95 MW

Cng sut tng ca trm E23 t c:

P.E23 = P.C41/E23 + P.C42/E23 = 16,8 +7,95 = 24,75 MW (1)


PE23 = 2x25MVAx0,8 = 40 MW (2)


+ Trm bin p 110 kV Sng Cu (110SC) ngng vn hnh:(xem S 3.5)

Ph ti in huyn Sng Cu s c cp t trm 110TA. (xem Hnh 3.9)

Cng sut ph ti trn thanh ci cc trm 110TA, 110SC t c:

P.C42/110TA = P472/110TA+ P474/110TA+ P476/110TA + P478/110TA + P482/110TA

= 2,9 + 1,3 + 2,2 + 1,2 +1,6 = 9,2 MW

61

P.C42/110SC = P474/110SC + P476/110SC + P478/110SC

= 1,6 + 0,7 + 0,1 = 2,4 MW

Hnh 3.9: S cp in khi trm 110SC s c

C42/110TA

484/110TA

(nE

23)

472/110TA

474/110TA

476/110TA

478/110TA

482 /110TA

478/110SC

C42

/110

SC

476/110SC

35SC

471/35SC474/110SC

Cng sut ph ti tng ca trm 110TA t c:

P.110TA = P.C42/110TA + P.110SC = 9,2 + 2,4 = 11,6 MW (1)

Cng sut nh mc ca trm 110TA:

P110TA = 25MVAx0,8 = 20 MW (2)

So snh (1) v (2) ta thy: P.110TA T P110TAH s mang ti ca trm 110TA: P.110TA / P110TA = 58%

+ Trm nng p NMT Sng Hinh (A20) ngng vn hnh:(xem S 3.6)

- Ph ti in khu vc pha Ty huyn Tuy Ho (472/A20) s c cung cp

t trm bin p E22. (xem Hnh 3.10)


478/E22

(nE

23)

472 /E22

474/E22

476/E22

482/E22

484 /E22

472/A20

C42/E22

63

Cng sut ph ti ca trm E22 (thanh ci C42/E22) lc ny t c:

P.E22 = P.C42/E22 = P472/E22 + P474/E22 + P476/E22 + P482/E22 + P484/E22 + P472/A20

= 13,3 MW (1)

Cng sut nh mc trm E22:

PE22 = 25MVAx0,8 = 20 MW (2)


- Ph ti in khu vc huyn Sng Hinh (471/A20) s c cung cp t trm

bin p E23: (xem Hnh 3.11)

Hnh 3.11: S cp in cho 471/A20khi trm A20 s c

C42/E23C41/E23

471/E23

473/E23

475/E23

477/E23

482 /E23

484/E23

474 /E23

476 /E23

472 /E23

471/SHo 471/A20

472/SHo

473/SHo

C42

/SH

o

Cng sut ph ti ca trm E23 t c:

P.E23 = P.C41/E23+P.C42/E23+P471/A20= 11+5,75 + 1,2 = 17,95 MW (1)


PE23 = 2x25MVAx0.8 = 40 MW (2)


3.1.2.-Kim tra in p ti cc nt trong ch s c (xem Ph lc 3.2)

Sau khi ti cu trc s d li in phn phi trung p tnh Ph Yn c

nhng thay i c bn, tuy nhin trong ch s c cc nt gn cc trm ngun

vn m bo in p nm trong gii hn cho php v thc t li in cc khu vc

ny cng nhn in trc tip t thanh ci 22 kV ca cc trm ngun nh trc khi

64

thc hin cc gii php, thm ch c khu vc c ci thin tt hn nh c chuyn

t cp in p 15 kV sang vn hnh 22 kV. V vy thc t ta ch cn quan tm kim

tra in p cc nt nm xa cc trm ngun ti khu vc li in huyn Sn Ha v

huyn ng Xun.

Theo kt qu tnh ca chng trnh tnh ton b li in phn phi trung p

ca Cng ty in lc 3- Tng Cng ty in lc Vit Nam:

+ Khu vc li in huyn Sn Ho:

- ch vn hnh bnh thng ph ti in huyn Sn Ho nhn in 22

kV t thanh ci C42/E23 qua ng dy 472/E23 n trm Sn Ho, kt qu tnh

ton ti nt thanh ci C42/SHo l:

* in p UC42/SHo = 20,474 kV

* Tn tht in p U % = 16,03 %

* lch in p

65

+ Khu vc li in huyn ng Xun:

Khi s c MBA T2/110TA ph ti ca huyn ng Xun s c cung cp

t thanh ci C41/E23 qua my ct 471/E23 n trm ng Xun, kt qu tnh ton

ti nt thanh ci C42/X l:

* in p UC42/X = 22,717 kV

* Tn tht in p U% = 5,83%

* lch in p

66

+ Khu vc th x Tuy Ho v huyn Ph Ho: bnh thng s c cp

in ch yu t trm E23. Khi s c hoc ngng vn hnh cc MBA T1/E23,

T2/E23, hoc c hai (T1 v T2) th ph ti in khu vc ny s c cp t cc

trm E22 v 110TA; trm E22 s cp n thanh ci C42/E23 qua xut tuyn

478/E22, trm 110TA s cp n thanh ci C41/E23 qua xut tuyn 484/110TA,

ngoi ra cn c th cp in cho xut tuyn 484/E23 qua xut tuyn 476/110TA.

+ Khu vc huyn Tuy Ho: bnh thng s c cp in t trm E22. Khi

s c hoc ngng vn hnh MBA T2/E22 th trm E23 s cp d phng n ton b

ph ti thuc thanh ci C42/E22 qua xut tuyn 472/E23. Ring ph ti xut tuyn

472/A20 cp in cho cc x pha ty huyn Tuy Ho bnh thng c cp in t

A20, khi s c ngun A20 s c cp d phng t xut tuyn 472/E22.

+ Khu vc huyn Sn Ho: bnh thng s c cp in ch yu t trm

E23. Khi s c hoc ngng vn hnh cng tc cc MBA T1/E23, T2/E23, hoc c

hai (T1 v T2) th ph ti khu vc ny s c cp in t trm A20. Trm A20 s

cp d phng n ph ti thuc thanh ci C42/SHo qua xut tuyn 471/A20.

+ Khu vc huyn Sng Hinh: bnh thng s c cp in ch yu t trm

bin p A20. Khi s c hoc ngng vn hnh cng tc cc MBA T1/A20, T2/A20,

hoc c hai (T1 v T2) th ph ti khu vc ny s c cp in ngun 22 kV t

trm E23. Trm E23 s cp d phng n ph ti thuc xut tuyn 471/A20 qua

xut tuyn 472/E23 v xut tuyn 471/SHo.

+ Khu vc huyn Tuy An v huyn ng Xun: bnh thng s c cp

in t trm 110TA. Khi s c hoc ngng vn hnh MBA T2/110TA th ph ti

in khu vc ny s c cp t trm E23 qua xut tuyn 471/E23 v 484/E23.

Huyn ng Xun bnh thng c cp in t hai xut tuyn 474/110TA

v 482/110TA. Khi s c hoc ngng vn hnh cng tc trn mt b phn li in

ca tng xut tuyn th phn cn li s c cp d phng t tuyn kia.

+ Khu vc huyn Sng Cu: bnh thng s c cp in t trm 110SC

v 110TA. Khi s c hoc ngng vn hnh MBA T2/110SC th ph ti khu vc

ny s c cp in t trm 110TA. Trm 110TA s cp d phng n ton b ph

ti thuc thanh ci C42/110SC qua xut tuyn 478/110TA v 472/110TA.

67

3.2.-Phng php tnh ton hiu qu kinh t

3.2.1.-Chi ph u t tnh ton (qui i trong 1 nm)

atc .K

trong : K- vn u t thc hin phng n

atc- h s nh mc v hiu qu ca vn u t

Khi tnh ton hiu qu kinh t ca gii php xut, thnh phn chi ph u

t tnh ton chnh lch sau v trc khi thc hin gii php c gi l chnh lch

chi ph u t tnh ton ca gii php:

atc . K = atc .(Ks - Kt)

trong : K- chnh lch vn u t sau v trc khi thc hin gii php,

Ks- vn u t sau khi thc hin gii php,

Kt- vn u t trc khi thc hin gii php.

i vi gii php xut, K chnh l vn u t cho gii php tng ng.

3.2.2.-Chi ph vn hnh tnh ton

avh .K + g0.W

trong : K- vn u t thc hin phng n

avh- h s vn hnh

g0- n gi bn bnh qun in nng (/kWh)

W- tn tht in nng do truyn ti v phn phi (kWh) ca phng n.

Khi tnh ton hiu qu kinh t ca gii php xut, thnh phn chi ph vn

hnh tnh ton chnh lch sau v trc khi thc hin gii php c gi l chnh

lch chi ph vn hnh tnh ton ca gii php:

avh . K + g0.(W) = avh .(Ks - Kt) + g0.(Ws - Wt)

trong : K- chnh lch vn u t sau v trc khi thc hin gii php,

(W)- chnh lch tn tht in nng sau v trc khi thc hin gii php,

Ws- tn tht in nng sau khi thc hin gii php,

Wt- tn tht in nng trc khi thc hin gii php.

3.2.3.-Chi ph thit hi do mt in (tn tht kinh t do mt in)

- Thit hi hng nm do ngng cung cp in:

Y = y1.N + y2.t.

68

trong : y1- thit hi do chnh hin tng ngng cung cp in,

y2- thit hi theo mt n v thi gian ngng cung cp in,

N- s ln ngng cung cp in hng nm,

t.- thi gian tng cng cc ln ngng cung cp in trong nm.

- Thit hi hng nm do ngng cung cp in theo thi gian:

y2.t. = h0.Wth = h0SC.WSC + h0CT.WCT

trong : h0- gi tin 1kWh in thiu ht do ngng in (/kWh),

h0SC- gi tin 1kWh in thiu ht do s c lm ngng cp in (/kWh),

h0CT- gi tin 1kWh in thiu ht do cng tc lm ngng in (/kWh),

WSC- in nng thiu ht do s c lm ngng cung cp in (kWh),

WCT- in nng b thiu ht do cng tc lm ngng cung cp in (kWh),

Wth- tng in nng b thiu ht do ngng cung cp in (kWh)

Wth = WSC + WCT

Do thit hi hng nm do ngng cung cp in:

Y = y1.N + h0SC.WSC + h0CT.WCT

i vi nhiu nc trn th gii vi nn kinh t cng nghip pht trin, yu

cu cung cp in vi cht lng cao rt quan tm n vn thit hi do ngng

cp in. Nhiu nc p dng cc biu gi bi thng thit hi do mt in gy

nn i vi h tiu th in, cc biu gi mt in (h0SC, h0CT) cao hn nhiu ln so

vi biu gi bn in bnh thng (g0). [V d: Australia s dung bng gi mt

in: i vi ph ti dn dng h0CT/g0 = 0,5 v h0SC/g0 = 1,5; i vi ph ti doanh

nghip bnh thng h0CT/g0 = 2,5 v h0SC/g0 = 7,5; i vi ph ti doanh nghip nhy

cm h0CT/g0 = 5 v h0SC/g0 = 15].

Thc t ti Vit Nam hin nay cha c chnh sch v bi thng thit hi do

s c hoc do cng tc lm ngng cung cp in gy nn i vi h tiu th in

(biu gi mt in), v vy khi tnh ton chi ph thit hi do mt in tc gi c th

tm tnh h0 = g0, v thit hi mt in s tng ng vi chi ph mua lng in b

thiu ht do ngng cung cp in.

Do chi ph thit hi do mt in ca phng n c tnh:

Y = h0.Wth = g0.Wth = g0.(WSC + WCT)

69

Khi tnh ton hiu qu kinh t ca gii php xut, thnh phn chi ph thit

hi do mt in chnh lch sau v trc khi thc hin gii php c gi l chnh

lch chi ph thit hi do mt in ca gii php:

Y = g0. Wth = g0.(Wths - Wtht)

vi: Wth- chnh lch in nng b thiu ht do mt in sau v trc khi thc hin

gii php,

Wths- lng in nng b thiu ht do mt in sau khi thc hin gii php,

Wtht- lng in nng b thiu ht do mt in trc khi thc hin gii php.

i vi cc gii php xut, Wth chnh l lng in nng b thiu ht do

mt in trc khi thc hin gii php c hn ch nh p dng cc gii php

tng ng.

3.2.4.-Hm chi ph tnh ton kinh t

- Hm chi ph tnh ton kinh t cho tng phng n:

Z = atc.K + (avh.K + g0.W) + Y

= atc.K + (avh.K + g0.W) + g0.Wth

-Chnh lch hm chi ph tnh ton kinh t sau v trc khi p dng gii php:

Z = atc. K + (avh . K + g0.(W)) + g0. Wth

= atc.(Ks - Kt) + avh .(Ks - Kt) + g0.(Ws - Wt) + g0.(Wths - Wtht)

trong : K- chnh lch vn u t sau v trc khi p dng gii php,

(W) = (Ws - Wt)- chnh lch tn tht in nng sau v trc gii php,

Wth = (Wths - Wtht)- chnh lch in nng b thiu ht do mt in sau v

trc gii php.

Khi phn tch hiu qu kinh t ca gii php ta da vo gi tr ca hm Z:

* Nu Z 0: th hin hm chi ph tnh ton kinh t sau khi p dng gii

php ln hn hoc tng ng hm chi ph tnh ton kinh t trc khi p dng gii

php, c ngha l gii php xut khng mang li hiu qu kinh t thm ch bt li.

* Nu Z 0: th hin hm chi ph tnh ton kinh t sau khi p dng gii

php b hn hm chi ph tnh ton kinh t trc khi p dng gii php, c ngha l

gii php xut s mang li hiu qu kinh t, gi tr tuyt i ca Z cng ln th

hin hiu qu ca gii php cng cao .

70

3.3.-Tnh ton hiu qu kinh t ca gii php chuyn i li in

huyn Tuy Ho sang 22 kV

3.3.1.-Chnh lch chi ph u t tnh ton ca gii php (xem Phlc 4.2)

atc . K

vi: K- vn u t thc hin gii php (= K1- K2)

K1 = 1.543.851.440 (.VN)- vn u t chuyn li in 15 kV sang 22 kV

K2 = 332.040.000 (.VN)- gi tr ti sn thu hi trm 35GM (2MBA)

atc = 0,2- h s nh mc v hiu qu ca vn u t .

atc . K = 0,2x(1.543.851.440 - 332.040.000) = 242.362.288 (.VN)

3.3.2.-Hiu qu gim tn tht in nng ca gii php (xem Ph lc 5)

- Tn tht in nng trc khi thc hin gii php:

Wt = W332/E22 + W872/35GM + W873/35GM = 176.091 + 898.842 + 1.207.742

= 2.282.675 (kWh)

- Tn tht in nng sau khi thc hin gii php:

Ws = W482/E22 + W484/E22= 611.478 + 800.052 = 1.411.530 (kWh)

- Hiu qu gim tn tht in nng:

g0.(W) = g0.(Ws - Wt)

= 630.( 1.411.530 - 2.282.675 ) = - 548.821.350 (.VN)

vi g0 = 630 /kWh- n gi bn bnh qun in nng.

3.3.3.-Chnh lch chi ph vn hnh tnh ton ca gii php

avh . K - Clvh + g0.(W)

trong : K = 1.211.811.440 (.VN)- vn u t thc hin gii php,

avh = 0,04- h s vn hnh,

Clvh- chi ph vn hnh trm 35GM ( lng vn hnh trm 35GM trong nm)

= 10 ngi x 12 thng x 2.000.000 /ngi.thng = 240.000.000 (.VN)

avh . K - Clvh + g0. (W) = 0,04x1.211.811.440- 240.000.000- 548.821.350

= - 740.348.892 (.VN)

71

3.3.4.-Chnh lch chi ph thit hi do mt in ca gii php

i vi gii php xut, chnh lch in nng thiu ht do mt in Wthtrong trng hp ny chnh l lng in nng b thiu ht do mt in trc khi

thc hin gii php c hn ch nh p dng gii php ny mang li. chnh

l lng in nng b thiu ht do mt in trm 35GM v thiu d phng cp in

cho cc xut tuyn lin quan gy nn. (xem Ph lc 2)

Nh thng k v tnh ton mt in nm 2003 lng in nng b thiu ht

do mt in trm 35GM l:

Wth35GM = 166.563 KWh = Wtht

Do chnh lch chi ph thit hi do mt in ca gii php l:

Y = g0. Wth = g0.(Wths - Wtht) = - g0.Wth35GM = - 630x166.563

= - 104.934.690 (.VN)

3.3.5.-Chnh lch gi tr hm chi ph tnh ton kinh t ca gii php

Z1 = atc. K + (avh. K - Clvh + g0. (W)) + Y

= 242.362.288 - 740.348.892 - 104.934.690

= -602.921.294 (.VN)

Kt lun: Chnh lch gi tr hm chi ph tnh ton kinh t ca c gi tr m

vi gi tr tuyt i ln th hin gii php xut t hiu qu kinh t cao.

3.4.-Tnh ton hiu qu kinh t ca gii php pht trin cc mch

lin kt 22 kV lin vng c phn on

3.4.1.- Chnh lch chi ph u t tnh ton ca gii php (xem Ph lc 4)

atc . K

trong : K- vn u t thc hin gii php (=K1+K2+K3)

K1 = 720.247.553 (.VN)- vn u t mch lin lc 110TA - 110SC

K2 = 296.520.298 (.VN)- vn u t mch lin lc 110TA - 35X

K3 = 979.388.812 (.VN)- vn u t mch lin lc 110TA - E23

atc = 0,2- h s nh mc v hiu qu ca vn u t

atc . K = 0,2x(720.247.553 + 296.520.298 + 979.388.812)

= 399.231.333 (.VN).

72

3.4.2.-Hiu qu gim tn tht in nng ca gii php (xem Ph lc 5)

- Tn tht in nng trc khi thc hin gii php:

Wt = W472/110TA(c) + W478/110SC(c) + W474/110TA(c)+ W471/35X + W476/110TA(c) + W484/E23(c)

= 315.719 + 446.117 + 188.781 + 234.147 + 49.180 + 666.089

= 1.900.033 (kWh)

- Tn tht in nng sau khi p dng gii php:

Ws = W472/110TA(mi) + W478/110SC(mi) + W474/110TA(mi)+ W471/X + W476/110TA(mi) + W484/E23(mi)

= 385.047 + 32.112 + 212.188 + 185.809 + 209.142 + 368.729

= 1.393.027 (kWh)

- Hiu qu gim tn tht in nng:

g0. (W) = g0.(Ws - Wt)

= 630.( 1.393.027 - 1.900.033) = - 319.413.780 (.VN)

3.4.3.- Chnh lch chi ph vn hnh tnh ton ca gii php

avh . K + g0. (W)

trong : K = K1+K2+K3 =1.996.156.663 (.VN)- vn u t thc hin gii php

avh = 0,04- h s vn hnh

avh . K + g0. (W) = 0,04.(1.996.156.663) - 319.413.780

= - 239.567.513 (.VN)

3.4.4.- Chnh lch chi ph thit hi do mt in ca gii php

i vi gii php xut, chnh lch in nng thiu ht do mt in Wthchnh l lng in nng b thiu ht do mt in trc khi thc hin gii php

c hn ch nh p dng gii php ny mang li. chnh l lng in nng b

thiu ht do thiu d phng cp in cho cc xut tuyn lin quan gy nn trc khi

p dng cc gii php. Nh thng k v tnh ton mt in nm 2003 lng in

nng b thiu ht do mt in ca cc khu vc lin quan nh sau: (xem Ph lc 2)

- Mch lin lc TA-SC: m bo cp in d phng cho tuyn 472/110TA

khi C42/110TA ngng in:

WthTA-SC = Wth472/110TA = 86.325 (kWh)

73

- Mch lin lc TA-X: m bo cp in d phng cho tuyn 474/110TA

khi C42/110TA ngng in v cp in d phng cho cc tuyn 471, 472/35X khi

C42/35X ngng in:

WthTA-X = Wth474/110TA+ WthC42/35X = 40.197 + 32.827 = 73.024 (kWh)

- Mch lin lc TA-TH: m bo cp in d phng cho tuyn 476/110TA

khi C42/110TA ngng in v cho tuyn 484/E23 khi C42/E23 ngng in:

WthTA-X = Wth476/110TA + Wth484/E23 = 55.676 + 84.564 = 140.240 (kWh)

Do chnh lch chi ph thit hi do mt in ca gii php l:

Y = g0. Wth = g0.(Ws - Wt) = - g0.(WthTA-SC + WthTA-X + WthTA-X)

= - 630 x(86.325 + 73.024 + 140.240)

= - 188.741.070 (.VN)

3.4.5.- Chnh lch gi tr hm chi ph tnh ton kinh t ca gii php

Z2 = atc. K + (avh. K + g0. (W)) + Y

= 399.231.333 - 239.567.513 - 188.741.070

= - 29.077.250 (.VN)

Kt lun: Chnh lch gi tr hm chi ph tnh ton kinh t ca gii php c

gi tr

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