practica-8-pardeamiento-enzimatico.doc

8/16/2019 practica-8-pardeamiento-enzimatico.doc

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INGENIERIA DE INDUSTRIAS ALIMENTARIAS QUIMICA DEALIMENTOS

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL

JOSE FAUSTINO SANCHEZCARRION

FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS AGRARIAS E INDUSTRIAALIMENTARIA

ESCUELA ACÉDMICO PROFESIONAL DE INGENIERÍA ENINDUSTRIAS ALIMENTARIAS

ASIGNATURA : QUIMICA DE ALIMENTOS

TEMA : PARDEAMIENTO ENZIMATICO

DOCENTE : Ing. Jorge Danton MIRANDA CABRERA

ALUMNOS :ALUMNOS : FALCON POMA, Mercedes Sofía

DE LA CRUZ SILVA O!ar

TRUJILLO ARROLLO J"nn#or.

ZEVALLOS MEJIA M#$er

CICLO : V

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HUACHO - PERÚ

2012

Pardeame!"# E!$m%"

INTRODUCCI'N

E( )ar*ea!#ento en+#!&t#,o -PE e/t& re(a,#ona*o ,on (a a,t#0#*a* *e(a en+#!a )o(#1eno( o2#*a/a -PPO 3"e ,ata(#+a (a o2#*a,#4n a*#1erente/ ,o!)"e/to/ 1en4(#,o/ ,on (a ,on/e,"ente tran/1or!a,#4n a

)#g!ento/ o/,"ro/ no *e/ea5(e/ )ara (a ,a(#*a* #n*"/tr#a(. E/tetra5a6o ,ontr#5"7e a (a ,ara,ter#+a,#4n *e( PE en )a)a/ nat#0a/-Solanum tuberosum //). andigenum a tra08/ *e (a *eter!#na,#4n*e (a 0ar#a5#(#*a* a(8(#,a *e (o/ gene/ *e PPO (a a,t#0#*a* en+#!&t#,are(a,#ona*a 7 (a re/"(tante ,a(#*a* #n*"/tr#a( )or !e*#o *e )ar&!etro/,"a(#tat#0o/. En (o/ 9' genot#)o/ e/t"*#a*o/ /e en,ontraron*#1eren,#a/ /#gn#:,at#0a/ en (a a,t#0#*a* *e PPO 7 e( ;n*#,e o2#*at#0o-IO (o 3"e )er!#t#4 *#/t#ng"#r #n*#0#*"o/ ,on !e6or ,o!)orta!#ento1rente a( PE. A/#!#/!o /e o5/er04 0ar#a5#(#*a* gen8t#,a en (a/

reg#one/ a!)(#:,a*a/ *e (o/ gene/ *e PPO #*ent#:,&n*o/e < )o/#5(e/0ar#ante/ a(8(#,a/. Ha/ta e( !o!ento no /e )"*o e/ta5(e,era/o,#a,#4n entre 5an*a/ 7 (a a,t#0#*a* *e PPO o IO )o/#5(e!ente*e5#*o a 1a,tore/ a!5#enta(e/ 3"e )"*#eron =a5er #n,#*#*o *"rante e(*e/arro((o *e( ,"(t#0o 7>o a( n?!ero re*",#*o *e genot#)o/ e/t"*#a*o/a (a 1e,=a.

O()ETI*OS:

Deter!#nar e( e1e,to *e( ,a(or 7 PH en (a/ rea,,#one/ *e

)ar*ea!#ento en+#!&t#,o.

Deter!#nar e( e1e,to *e (a a*#,#4n *e *#1erente/ ,o!)"e/to/ en e()ar*ea!#ento en+#!&t#,o.

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FUNDAMENTO TE'RICO:

E( )ar*e!a#ento en+#!&t#,o e/ (a Rea,,#4n *e Ma#((ar*. Lo/ )ro*",to/#nter!e*#ar#o/ *e e/ta rea,,#4n )"e*en /er e( *#42#*o *e ,ar5ono 7 e(ag"a (o/ )ro*",to/ :na(e/ /on )o(;!ero/.E( )ro*",to *e (a rea,,#4n *e Ma#((ar* a1e,ta a( ,o(or a( a0or 7 aotra/ )ro)#e*a*e/ 1;/#,o3";!#,a/ *e (o/ a(#!ento/.E( )ar*ea!#ento en+#!&t#,o e/ )ro*",#*o )or "na/ en+#!a/)re/ente/ en e( 0egeta( *eno!#na*a/ )o(#1eno(o2#*a/a/ 3"e en "na!5#ente =?!e*o )ro*",en (a o2#*a,#4n *e (o/ )o(#1eno(e/ #n,o(oro/en "na )r#!era eta)a a ,o!)"e/to/ ,o(orea*o/ a!ar#((o/*eno!#na*o/ teaa0#na/ )ara ,on,("#r en tearr"5#g#na/ *e ,o(ore/

!arrone/ 7 ro6o/

E( )ar*ea!#ento en+#!&t#,o e/ "na rea,,#4n *e o2#*a,#4n en (a 3"e#nter0#ene ,o!o /"5/trato e( o2;geno !o(e,"(ar ,ata(#+a*a )or "nt#)o *e en+#!a/ 3"e /e )"e*e en,ontrar en )r&,t#,a!ente to*o/ (o//ere/ 0#0o/ *e/*e (a/ 5a,ter#a/ a( =o!5re. En e( =o!5re e/ (are/)on/a5(e *e (a 1or!a,#4n *e )#g!ento/ *e( )e(o 7 *e (a )#e(. En (o/,e1a(4)o*o/ )ro*",e e( )#g!ento *e (a t#nta 7 en (o/ artr4)o*o/)art#,#)a en e( en*"re,#!#ento *e (a/ ,"t;,"(a/ *e( ,a)ara+4n a(1or!ar 3"#nona/ 3"e rea,,#onan ,on (a/ )rote;na/ #n/o("5#(#+&n*o(a/.

En (o/ 0egeta(e/ no /e ,ono,e ,on )re,#/#4n ,"&( e/ /" )a)e(:/#o(4g#,o.E( en+#!a re/)on/a5(e *e( )ar*ea!#ento en+#!&t#,o re,#5e e( no!5re*e )o(#1eno(o2#*a/a 1eno(a/a o t#ro/#na/a en e/te ?(t#!o ,a/oe/)e,#a(!ente ,"an*o /e =a,e re1eren,#a a an#!a(e/ 7a 3"e en e((o/(a t#ro/#na e/ e( )r#n,#)a( /"5/trato. Ta!5#8n /e =a "t#(#+a*o e( t8r!#no,re/o(a/a a)(#,a*o a (a en+#!a *e 0egeta(e/. Se *e/,"5r#4 )r#!ero en(o/ ,=a!)#one/ en (o/ 3"e e( e1e,to *e )ar*ea!#ento tra/ "n *ao!e,&n#,o ,o!o e( ,orte e/ !"7 e0#*ente.

En e( ,a!)o *e (o/ a(#!ento/ e( )ar*ea!#ento en+#!&t#,o )"e*e /er"n )ro5(e!a !"7 /er#o en 1r"ta/ ,=a!)#one/ )atata/ 7 otro/

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0egeta(e/ 7 ta!5#8n en a(g"no/ ,r"/t&,eo/ e #n,("/o en (a #n*"/tr#a*e( 0#no a( )ro*",#r a(tera,#one/ en e( ,o(or 3"e re*",en e( 0a(or,o!er,#a( *e (o/ )ro*",to/ o #n,("/o (o/ =a,en #na,e)ta5(e/ )ara e(,on/"!#*or. E/ta/ )8r*#*a/ /on !"7 #!)ortante/ en e( ,a/o *e (a/

1r"ta/ tro)#,a(e/ 7 *e (o/ ,a!arone/ )ro*",to/ tra/,en*enta(e/ )ara(a e,ono!;a *e !",=o/ )a;/e/ )o,o *e/arro((a*o/.A )e/ar *e( no!5re gen8r#,o *e )ar*ea!#ento -5ron#ng en#ng(8/ (o/ ,o(ore/ 1or!a*o/ /on !"7 0ar#a5(e/ !arrone/ ro6#+o/ onegro/ *e)en*#en*o *e( a(#!ento 7 *e (a/ ,on*#,#one/ *e( )ro,e/o.En a(g?n ,a/o ,o!o en (a/ )a/a/ otra/ 1r"ta/ /e,a/ (a /#*ra e( t8 oe( ,a,ao e( )ar*ea!#ento en+#!&t#,o ,ontr#5"7e a( *e/arro((o *e (o/,o(ore/ ,ara,ter;/t#,o/ *e e/to/ )ro*",to/ a"n3"e ,o!o /e =a#n*#,a*o en otro/ !",=o/ ,on/t#t"7e "n )ro5(e!a gra0e. A*e!&/ *e(a a(tera,#4n *e( ,o(or (o/ )ro*",to/ 1or!a*o/ )"e*en rea,,#onar ,on

(a/ )rote;na/ #n/o("5#(#+&n*o(a/. Por otra )arte )"e*e )ro*",#r/eta!5#8n "na )8r*#*a n"tr#,#ona( 7a 3"e a"n3"e (a )o(#1eno(o2#*a/a noo2#*a *#re,ta!ente a( &,#*o a/,4r5#,o e/ta 0#ta!#na )"e*e *e/tr"#r/ea( rea,,#onar ,on #nter!e*#o/ *e (a rea,,#4n.

La rea&&+! de ,ardeame!"# e!$m%"

E( )ar*ea!#ento en+#!&t#,o e/ "n ,on6"nto ,o!)(e6o *e rea,,#one/3"e /e #n#,#a )or (a o (a/ rea,,#one/ ,ata(#+a*a/ *e 1or!a en+#!&t#,a.La )r#!era *e e((a/ ,"an*o e( /"/trato )re/ente e/ "n !ono1eno( e/

/" tran/1or!a,#4n en *#1eno(. La /eg"n*a (a tran/1or!a,#4n *e(*#1eno( en 3"#nona. En e( ,a/o *e (a t#ro/#na -!ono1eno( /e 1or!a)r#!era!ente (a *o)a -*#1eno( 7 ("ego (a *o)a3"#nona -3"#nona.A )art#r *e (a 1or!a,#4n *e (a 3"#nona (a rea,,#4n )rogre/a *e 1or!ae/)ont&nea. La/ 3"#nona/ /e )"e*en ,on0ert#r en tr#1eno(e/ )orrea,,#4n ,on e( ag"a 7 )o/ter#or!ente o2#*ar/e a =#*ro2#3"#nona/. To*a/ e/ta/ /"/tan,#a/ /on !"7 rea,t#0a/ *an*o ("gar a )o(;!ero/ 7rea,,#onan*o ,on otra/ /"/tan,#a/ )re/ente/ en e( a(#!entoe/)e,#a(!ente )rote;na/. Lo/ )ro*",to/ :na(e/ ((a!a*o/ !e(an#na//on *e ,o(or !"7 o/,"ro o negro e #n/o("5(e/ en ag"a. E/to/)o(;!ero/ t#enen )ro)#e*a*e/ ant#!#,ro5#ana/ 7 )o*r;an /er "n

!e,an#/!o *e *e1en/a *e (o/ 0egeta(e/ ,ontra #n1e,,#one/. C#!"r# de a rea&&+! de ,ardeame!"#

E( ,ontro( nat"ra( *e (a a,t#0#*a* *e (a )o(#1eno(o2#*a/a /e )ro*",e1"n*a!enta(!ente !e*#ante (a ,o!)art#!enta(#+a,#4n *e (o//"/trato/. E( en+#!a /e en,"entra en (o/ )(&/t#*o/ 7 ,(oro)(a/to/ -en(o/ 0egeta(e/ /")er#ore/ 7 ta!5#8n en e( ,#to)(a/!a ,e("(ar!#entra/ 3"e (o/ ,o!)"e/to/ 1en4(#,o/ 3"e )"e*en /er0#r *e/"/trato/ /e a,"!"(an en 0e/;,"(a/. C"an*o /e ro!)e (a,o!)art#!enta(#+a,#4n )or "n *ao !e,&n#,o ,o!o e( tr#t"ra*o,orte o ,onge(a,#4n 7 *e/,onge(a,#4n (a rea,,#4n *e )ar*ea!#ento /e)"e*e )ro*",#r. Ta!5#8n /e )ro*",e (a #n=#5#,#4n *e( en+#!a )or (o/)ro*",to/ *e (a rea,,#4n.

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A*e!&/ *e !anten#en*o (a ,o!)art#!enta(#+a,#4n (a rea,,#4n *e)ar*ea!#ento /e )"e*e 1renar a,t"an*o /o5re *#1erente/ 1a,tore/%

E0#tan*o e( ,onta,to *e( o2;geno ,on (a /")er:,#e *e ,orte Ba6an*o a( te!)erat"ra

Re*",#en*o e( )H

De/nat"ra(#+an*o e( en+#!a

Genera(!ente e/to/ 1a,tore/ a,t?an *e 1or!a ,o!5#na*a. A/; e(*e/,en/o *e )H )"e*e a,t"ar #n#,#a(!ente re*",#en*o (a a,t#0#*a* *e(en+#!a -/" )H 4)t#!o e/t& entre 7 )ero ta!5#8n /# e//":,#ente!ente 5a6o *e/nat"ra(#+&n*o(a *e 1or!a #rre0er/#5(e.Lo/ re*",tore/ )"e*en a,t"ar *e 0ar#a/ 1or!a/ entre e((a/

re0ert#en*o (a rea,,#4n *e 3"#nona/ a 1eno(e/. Ta!5#8n )"e*en a,t"ar*#re,ta!ente /o5re e( ,entro a,t#0o *e( en+#!a tran/1or!an*o e(,o5re 9 en ,o5re @ 3"e /e *#/o,#a !&/ 1&,#(!ente. E( /"(:to 7 (a,#/te;na a*e!&/ *e rea,,#onar ,on (a/ 3"#nona/ re*",#8n*o(a/ a*#1eno(e/ #na,t#0an e( en+#!a. Lo/ /"(:to/ )re/entan e( )ro5(e!a *e/" to2#,#*a* *#1eren,#a*a )ara a(g"na/ )er/ona/ "n )e3"eo)or,enta6e *e (o/ a/!&t#,o/ 3"e )"e*en /"1r#r ,r#/#/ /e0era/ ,on,ant#*a*e/ #n,("/o #n1er#ore/ a (o/ (;!#te/ (ega(e/. Con/e,"ente!entee2#/te "na ten*en,#a a re*",#r (a "t#(#+a,#4n *e /"(:to/ a"n3"e no/#e!)re e/ )o/#5(e.

Un #n=#5#*or !"7 e:,#ente (a a,t#0#*a* *e (a )o(#1eno(o2#*a/a *e (o/,r"/t&,eo/ e/ e( &,#*o 54r#,o a"n3"e a,t"a(!ente e/t& )ro=#5#*o /""/o *a*o/ (o/ r#e/go/ *e to2#,#*a*.E( &,#*o a/,4r5#,o e/ "n #n=#5#*or *e (a rea,,#4n !"7 e:,a+ en)r#n,#)#o a( re,on0ert#r (a/ 3"#nona/ en 1eno(e/ )ero (a #n=#5#,#4n e//o(a!ente te!)ora( a( agotar/e e( &,#*o a/,4r5#,o ,on e( tran/,"r/o*e (a rea,,#4n. A*e!&/ )o/ter#or!ente )"e*e o,a/#onar )ro5(e!a/7a 3"e e( *e=#*roa/,4r5#,o 1or!a*o )"e*e *ar ("gar a "na rea,,#4n*e )ar*ea!#ento e/)e,;:,a. De)en*#en*o *e (a/ ,on*#,#one/ *e "/oe( &,#*o a/,4r5#,o )"e*e ta!5#8n *e/tr"#r e( en+#!a a( !o*#:,ar (a/=#/t#*#na *e( ,entro a,t#0o )or rea,,#one/ !e*#a*a/ )or ra*#,a(e/(#5re/.Lo/ agente/ 3"e(ante/ ,a)a,e/ *e e(#!#nar (o/ &to!o/ *e ,o5re *e(,entro a,t#0o *e( en+#!a 7 ,on/e,"ente!ente #na,t#0ar(a /on#n=#5#*ore/ !"7 e:,#ente/. P"e*en "t#(#+ar/e e( EDTA )#ro1o/1ato 7e/)e,#a(!ente e( &,#*o ,;tr#,o 3"e ,o!5#na e( e1e,to *e (a a,#*e+ ,on(a ,a)a,#*a* /e,"e/trante *e !eta(e/.A(g"na/ otra/ /"/tan,#a/ ,o!o e( &,#*o 5en+o#,o 7 otro/ ,o!)"e/to/aro!&t#,o/ a,t?an re*",#en*o (a a,t#0#*a* *e( en+#!a a( ,o!)et#r,on (o/ /"/trato/. )or /")"e/to (a *e/nat"ra(#+a,#4n t8r!#,a )ore6e!)(o !e*#ante e/,a(*a*o ,on 0a)or e/ "n /#/te!a !"7 e:,a+

,"an*o )"e*e "t#(#+ar/e.

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MATERIALES . REACTI*OS

Ma"erae/:

M"e/tra% Man+ana (#!one/,",=#((ota5(a *e )#,ar0a/oL#,"a*ora,o,#nao((a



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DISEO EPERIMENTAL:

E,erme!"# N3 1: Perdme!"# e!$m%" de a ma!$a!a



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DISCUSIONES:

Lo/ ,r#ter#o/ 3"e e!)(ear;a!o/ )ara "n trata!#ento 3"e 0a /er0#r)ara #n=#5#r en )ar*ea!#ento en+#!&t#,o%La te,no(og;a *e/arro((a*a e/ #nno0a*ora )or3"e )er!#te ,o!5#nartrata!#ento/ 3";!#,o/ ,on !8to*o/ 1;/#,o/ )ara ,ontro(ar (a/rea,,#one/ *e *eter#oro *e (a a(,a,=o1a *"rante /" )ro,e/a*o 7

,on/er0a,#4n. E/ta ,o!5#na,#4n *e trata!#ento/ a*e!&/ *e #n=#5#r(a/ rea,,#one/ *e )ar*ea!#ento )er!#te o5tener a(,a,=o1a/ 1re/,a/,orta*a/ 3"e ,on/er0an to*o e( 0a(or n"tr#t#0o *e( )ro*",to 1re/,oa*e!&/ *e !antener /"/ )ro)#e*a*e/ organo(8)t#,a/. En ,a!5#o (o/e(a5ora*o/ *e a(,a,=o1a *#/)on#5(e/ =a/ta a=ora en e( !er,a*o /on,onge(a*o/ en ,on/er0a o )re,o,#na*o/ 3"e na*a t#enen 3"e 0er ,one( )ro*",to 1re/,o.

O)era,#one/ ta(e/ ,o!o e( )e(a*o 7 (a re*",,#4n *e ta!ao )er!#ten3"e (a/ en+#!a/ -,(oro:(a/a )ero2#*a/a )o(#1eno(o2#*a/a 7 (o//"/trato/ entren en ,onta,to )r#n,#)a(!ente en (a /")er:,#e *e (o/

)ro*",to/ or#g#nan*o rea,,#one/ en+#!&t#,a/ re(a,#ona*a/ a(*eter#oro *e ,o(or.

E( e/,a(*a*o en 0a)or /at"ra*o *e/tr"7e en+#!a/ #na,t#0a a(g"no/!#,roorgan#/!o/ 7 /en/#5#(#+a (o/ !#,roorgan#/!o/ re/tante/ a (o/otro/ 1a,tore/ *e ,on/er0a,#4n

CONCLUSIONES:



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Con,("#!o/ 3"e )ara #n=#5#r (a/ en+#!a/ ,a"/ante/ *e(

)ar*ea!#ento en+#!&t#,o /e (ogra 5a6an*o e( )H *e( a(#!ento a

9. a)ro2. o /o!et#en*o e( a(#!ento a "na te!)erat"ra a(ta 7

)or "n ,orto t#e!)o.

Con,("#!o/ 3"e (a a*#,#4n *e ,o!)"e/to/ 3";!#,o/ ta!5#8n e/

e:,a+ /o(o 3"e =a7 3"e tener en ,"enta (a ,o!)o/#,#4n *e(

a(#!ento )ara 3"e no =a7a a(g"na rea,,#4n *e/1a0ora5(e

a*#,#ona(.

CUESTIONARIO:

14- 5C6%e/ /#! a/ e!$ma/ ,re/e!"e/ e! &ada 6!a de a/m6e/"ra/ em,eada/ e! a ,r%&"&a7 Ha8a 6! /"ad# de a/e!$ma/ !a"6rae/ 96e ,6ede! e!!"rar/e e! #/ ame!"#/7

La en+#!a )re/ente en (a )a)a e/ (a K*#=#*ro2#1en#(a(an#na -*o)a)ar*ea!#ento *e (a )atata. Se 1or!a a )art#r *e (a t#ro/#na.La en,#!a )re/ente en (a !an+ana e/ (a PolifenoloxidasaEn (o/ a(#!ento/ en,ontra!o/ *#1erente/ en+#!a/ ,o!o (a/ 3"e /e*e/,r#5en a ,ont#n"a,#4n%

Od#rred6&"a/a/: Po(#1eno( o2#*a/a/ )ero2#*a/a/(#)o2#gena/a/ a/,or5#,o2#*a/a/.

E/ta/ e/t&n )re/ente/ en 1r"ta/ 7 =orta(#+a/.

Hdr#a/a/: Protea/a/ (#)a/a/ a!#(a/a/ en+#!a/ )8,t#,a/,(oro:(a/a/.

E/ta/ e/tan )re/ente/ en ,erea(e/ -*"rante (a ger!#na,#4n (a/en+#!a/ )8,t#,a/ 7 ,(oro:(a/a/ /on #!)ortante/ en 1r"ta/ 7 =orta(#+a/.



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24-E,96e a !6e!&a de a "em,era"6ra ; e ,H e! e,ardeame!"# e!$m%"



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La "em,era"6ra #n"7e #na,t#0an*o (a/ en+#!a/ 3"e 0an a)ro0o,ar e( )ar*ea!#ento en+#!&t#,o. A( ((e0ar e( a(#!ento a "na*eter!#na*a te!)erat"ra /e (ogra e/te o56et#0o )ero =a7 3"etener ,"#*a*o ,on e( t#e!)o 3"e *e5en )er!ane,er (o/ a(#!ento/

En *#,=a te!)erat"ra )"e/ /# e( t#e!)o e/ !"7 )ro(onga*o e/ta 0a a

*aar otra/ )ro)#e*a*e/ *e( a(#!ento. E ,H /e /a5e 3"e e( )H 4)t#!o )ara 3"e /e )ro*"+,a e(

)ar*ea!#ento en+#!&t#,o e/ *e )or (o 3"e 5"/,a ((e0ar e( )H*e( a(#!ento a "n n#0e( *on*e /e 0a a (ograr #n=#5#r (a a,,#4n *e (a/en+#!a/ 3"e /eg?n (a 5#5(#ogra1;a e/ *e 9. 7 ("ego /e ((e0a e( )H*e( a(#!ento a /" e/ta*o or#g#na(. Ma/ (a en+#!a 7a no /e 0a are,")erar (ogran*o *e e/te !o*o e( o56et#0o.

.5C6%e/ /#! #/ me!&+! de ,ardeame!"# e!$m%"

I!a&">a&+! de a e!$ma meda!"e &a#r. T#ene (a 0enta6a *e3"e no /e a)(#,a a*#t#0o a(g"no )ero )re/enta e( #n,on0en#ente *e3"e (a a)(#,a,#4n *e ,a(or en 1r"ta/ 1re/,a/ )ro*",e ,a!5#o/ en (ate2t"ra *an*o /a5or 7 a/)e,to a ,o,#*o.

Para e0#tar e/to/ #n,on0en#ente/ /e reg"(a e( t#e!)o *e,a(enta!#ento a,ort&n*o(o 6"/to a( !;n#!o ,a)a+ *e #na,t#0ar (aen+#!a )or "n e/,a(*a*o #n!e*#ato. Se )"e*e ,ontro(ar (a #n=#5#,#4nen+#!&t#,o )or (a )r"e5a *e( ,ate,o(. La #n=#5#,#4n e/ (enta a )ero /e =a,e r&)#*a a C.

I!a&">a&+! de a e!$ma meda!"e !?@d#re/ 96=m/% S""/o no e/ a,on/e6a5(e en a(#!ento/ r#,o/ en t#a!#na 7 0#ta!#na C)"e/ (a/ *e/tr"7e. En e( ,a/o *e (a t#a!#na e( SO 9 e/ ,a)a+ *ero!)er e( an#((o t#a+4(#,o *e (a 0#ta!#na /e)aran*o e( an#((o *e)#r#!#*#na ,on (o 3"e )#er*e /" ,ar&,ter 0#ta!;n#,o.

Em!a&+! de #=8e!#: La e2,("/#4n o (#!#ta,#4n *e (a#n"en,#a *e( O9 *e( a#re a( tra5a6ar 7 en0a/ar r&)#*a!ente e(!ater#a( 7 en ,a/o ne,e/ar#o ,on a7"*a *e( 0a,o o en at!4/1era#nerte re)re/entan !e*#*a/ /at#/1a,tor#a/ )ara !antener ,#erta/1r"ta/ a( e/ta*o (o !&/ nat"ra( )o/#5(e e/)e,#a(!ente en (o 3"e /ere:ere a te2t"ra 7 /a5or. Para 1r"ta/ *e/t#na*a/ a (a ,onge(a,#4n /e"/a ta!5#8n a+?,ar 7 6ara5e )ara ,"5r#r (a /")er:,#e retar*an*oa/; (a entra*a *e( o2#geno at!o/18r#,o.

4-La !d6/"ra de ame!"#/ em,ea dBere!"e/ e!$ma/mer&ae/ e! e ,r#&e/ame!"# de ame!"#/4 Seae &6ae//#! a/ >e!"aa/ de /6 6/#4

Entre (o/ 5ene:,#o/ )"e*en !en,#onar/e (a/ ,o!)(e6a/ rea,,#one/

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INGENIERO% MIRANDA CABRERA DANTON P&g#na @'


12/12


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