PRE – PAYMENT LESSONS LEARNT FROM INDIA

BY

Dr. V.K. Goswami

Director, ABES Engineering College

Hon.Vice-President (R+D), Havells India Ltd.

METERING INTERNATIONAL

(MBR-2003), BRAZIL Sao – Paulo, BRAZIL (12 – 14 August 2003)

CONTENTS

1.     INTRODUCTION

2.     POWER WOES

3.     ‘MISSION-2012’-APDRP(A) OBJECTIVE

(B) CONTROL & BUDGET

(C) THE DISTRIBUTION REFORMS

4. STRATEGY; ENERGY CONSERVATION

5. PPMS IN INDIA & ABROAD

6. CONCLUSION

PRE-PAYMENT LESSONS LEARNT FROM

INDIA

In order is improve the quality of life an economic development is the focal point. To achieve this installation of power generation has to be increased.

Electric Power -India

• Installed Capacity1947 - 1362 MW2003 - 107533 MW

• Per Capita Consumption: 390 Units (approx.)• Overall Plant Load Factor: 69% (approx.)

• Transmission and Distribution Losses

Nearly 25% (against well below 10% in developed countries)

• Shortage of Electricity: 9% of Total Generation

Contd….

Power Development in India

Hydro Thermal Nuclear Total (MW)

1950 559 1153 0 1712

2002 26302 75005 2720 104027

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

1950 1960-61 1970-71 1980-81 1990-91 2002-03(Aug.'02)

Hydro Thermal Nuclear

Cap

acit

y M

W

‘Power Woes’ emanate from

Inadequate power generation and lack of optimum utilization

Inadequate inter-regional transmission links and slow pace of rural electrification

Large scale theft and skewed tariff structure. Continue….

‘Power Woes’ emanate from

Out of total energy generated, about 55% is billed and only about 41% is realized.

In 2001-2002, the average cost supply was 350 paise per.unit and average revenue p.u. was 240 paise p.u. i.e. there was a gap of 110 paise for every unit of power supplied. The annual losses of SEBs have reached a level of about rs. 33,000 crores.

Continued…

Power Woes’ emanate from Skewed tariff structure. Large man-power. T & D (Transmission & Distribution) losses un-

metered supply. The theft alone causes loss of about Rs. 20,000 crores annually out of total energy loss 40 – 50%.

It is estimated that 1% reduction in T & D losses will generate over Rs. 700 to 800 Crores.

Reduction of T & D losses to around 15% would release energy equivalent to additional capacity of 10,00 – 12,000 Mw requiring low investment.

The Prime Minister of India has announced

An initiative for adding 50,000 MW of hydroelectric power in certain States

And stated that electricity will be available on demand through out the country by 2012 i.e. and era of pre-payment begins on 25th February 2003.

The total financial losses of Electricity Boards have reached over Rs. 26000 crores

Continued…..

The Prime Minister of India has announced

The installation of 100% meters (preferably) Pre-Payment Meters) along with RAMR for all consumers in the grid is must.

The total number of consumers in the country is about 1070 Lakhs comprising industrial, commercial, agriculture and other categories of consumers.

The requirement of metering as worked by CEA (Centre Energy Audit) for Grid-metering excluding for Distribution Transformers is about 65,000

meters and about 285 lakhs for consumers.

Targets

Electrification of all villages (80,000 villages) by Tenth Plan (in 2007).

Availability of electricity in all house holds by end of Eleventh Plan (i.e. 2012).

The States where feeder and consumer Metering have been completed, gained the revenue ranging from 20 to 30%.

Rs.500 Crores budgets for ADRP has two windows viz.

Investment & incentive to the performing States by reduction in losses.MoP

Makes techno-commercial interventions in 63 identified distribution circles spread all over the country; in order to upgrade the distribution networks

And to achieve the objectives of reducing T & D loss to around 10-15%

Ensure reliability & quality of power supply.

Measures for technical loss reduction

Include :computerized load flow studies, Digital of designing systems, Mapping installation of capacitors at all levels, Reconfiguration of feeder lines & distribution

transformers, to reduce length of LT lines by installing smaller size energy efficient distribution transformers so that each transformer supplies power is 10 to 15 households.

To control Distribution losses GOI has introduced Pre-Payment Metering

System (PPMS)& Remote Automatic Meter Reading (RAMR) – cost effective solution than Conventional Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) and Conventional Manual Meter Reading (MMR)

These are the current case for detecting energy theft.

These are the systems which can capitalize on billing, quality, reliability and operational advancements.

The Distribution Reforms Involves

Commercial: (i.e. tamper proof energy metering at all levels of transformations and for all consumers),

Technical:(High Voltage Distribution System- HVDS, GTS (Geographic Info. System) mapping & restructuring of men power.

COMMERCIAL INTERVENTION

The commercial intervention would cover: 100% Metering of all consumers with voluntary disclosure scheme of declaring connected load in year in the month of April based on monthly declaration by using Pre-Paid Metering System (PPMS). No new connection would be released without proper meters (preferably by PPMS)

Continued….

COMMERCIAL INTERVENTION

Consumer mapping and Indexing to bring all consumers on record.

Computerizing billing centers with WAN / Web connectivity by using RAMR.

Despite 100% celebrated metering, the Adoption of hand-held computers for meter – reading and Meter Reading of HT consumers & LT industrial Meters will be done fortnightly.

THE TECHNICAL INTERVENTIONS

To HVDS adoption in General field areas, Technical measures like installation of capacitors,

reconductoring, bifurcation of feeders, creation of new sub-station can be considered for bringing the total losses to below 105 I.e. at par with better – managed power systems in the developed countries.

We are determined to make the dream of our president Dr. A.P.J. Kalam into reality of India being developed country by 2020.

Strategy Energy ConservationEnergy Conserved is energy produced

The sector wise pattern of electricity consumption in India reveals that

industrial consumption (35) agriculture (35%) domestic (20%) and commercial (6.5%)

The energy consumption is dependent on

Technology used. Raw martial & its quantity Structural and operational disparities Heterogeneous consumptions of newer &

old plants.

Domestic including commercial sector – The major uppers are

Lighting Lamps (four Lamps 7h/ day /21 units) Fans (four fans 20h/ day /120 units) Refrigerator (one 16h/day/ 55.08 unit) Air conditioners (AC-1 Tonne, 6 h/day/ 157.5

units Electrical heaters (one 0.5h/day 8.5 /units)

Continued…

Domestic including commercial sector – The major uppers are

& other appliances (mixer) (one mixer 1h/day/ 0.75 units)

TV (one T V 5h/day /22.5 units) PC (one PC 1h/day – 6 units)

The Strategy for energy conservation (domestic)

Energy efficiency standards , Promotion of vapour adsorption

refrigerators to utilize waste heat available in hotels.

Energy efficient lighting appliances e.g. CFL electronic ballasts etc.

AGRICULTURE SECTOR

As on today there are over 12.5 million electricity operated pump sets & majority of them inefficient and consume 50 to 100% more electricity than optimum.

StrategiesR+D to develop energy efficient pumping system and proto-type

Rectification of inefficient Pumps.

Demand Side Mgt in Power System at LT level

Reduction of T& D losses in LT by installation of LT switches, capacitors and

amorphous core distribution transformers (AMIDTS

Computerized load Mgt scheme Energy Audit of Power System at LT level Installation of Time of Day (TOD) electronics

meters

PPMS in India & Abroad

$ PPMS has been extensively realized in India as the future metering system.

$ As Eskam started Pre-Payment metering in 1990 and has installed about 2812847 prepaid meters

$ Spintelligent, provides strategic consultancy services in prepayment systems. & developed the STS (Standard Transfer Specifications) and common vending system (CVS).

Continued…

PPMS in India & Abroad

$ Ampy Digilong UK, is pioneers in Smart Card Meter

$. In UK more than 4 million pre-payment meters have been installed in the electrical energy sector

$ and some 2 million with gas pre-payment $ UK has stepped into electronic pre-

payment meters

STANDARD TRANSFER SPECIFICATION

Which is now in use in some 28 countries including 17 on and around The African Continent.

Conlog, South Africa enables customers to purchase their electricity prepayment vouchers.

The terminals operate 24th days a week. Henon Star, CHINA manufactures pre-payment

meters of reasonable good quality. Continued…

STANDARD TRANSFER SPECIFICATION

Synapses prepayment vending system of South Africa. Energy.coza allows registered customers to purchase pre-

paid electricity Via SMS(Short Massaging Service). The System briefs the customer from power out to lights-

on under one minute. About 53,000 U.S. consumers have pre-payment service

and pay for their electricity before they use. In India too, pre-payment meter system is being

encouraged by MoP. Govt. of India envisages 100% metering by 2012.

(Synergy – brand name); is incorporating

micro-controller and Smart Card Technologies; Paid Meter, Smart Card, Vending Solution and related Software. The Pre-Payment Meters eliminate the meter

reading and billing high security and anti fraud features compact, reliable, accurate, temper proof and

can be installed in every household and commercial establishment.

Continued…

(Synergy – brand name); is incorporating

These are single / three phase prepaid electronic energy meters.

security dual autherfication followed by read and write password;

unique card, overload control, Data retention 15 yrs low credit warning system temper information

Continued…

(Synergy – brand name); is incorporating

Emergency credit limit, Time of use metering and display balance

money

Harvells India Ltd., Pre-Paid Metering (single/three phase)

In collaboration with SCL and Silgate as CSEB has floated tender for Pre-Payment meters along with BSEB

Silgete plans to use their AMR Technology for pre-payment.

Harvells plans to go for Multi – tariff meter as per Turkey specifications

Continued…

Harvells India Ltd., Pre-Paid Metering (single/three phase)

along with reading and communication system during power off condition

The plans are to incorporate Telecom 2 (designed for demanding remote telemetry

application in AMR) and general industrial telemetry of Jekyll

Electronic Technology

Continued…

Harvells India Ltd., Pre-Paid Metering (single/three phase)

To communicate across mobile GSM networks)

As well as the Liberty 3E – a new tool in the pre-payment tool box – single phase,

Triple element pre-payment meter – the first of its kind in world).

Status of Meters installation

Phase – I : Meters for grid i.e. 11 KV and above – is over 85%

Phase – II : Consumers Metering - for all consumers over all 77% and for major consumer about 95%.