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1 Predavanje 3: Umetnost starog Bliskog Istoka

Predavanje3: Umetnost starog Bliskog Istoka · Darius and Xerxes Receiving Tribute, Apadana, Persepolis Iran 491-486 BCE. Limestone, height 8‟ 4” (2.54m) Title: PowerPoint Presentation

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Page 1: Predavanje3: Umetnost starog Bliskog Istoka · Darius and Xerxes Receiving Tribute, Apadana, Persepolis Iran 491-486 BCE. Limestone, height 8‟ 4” (2.54m) Title: PowerPoint Presentation

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Predavanje 3:

Umetnost starog Bliskog Istoka

Page 2: Predavanje3: Umetnost starog Bliskog Istoka · Darius and Xerxes Receiving Tribute, Apadana, Persepolis Iran 491-486 BCE. Limestone, height 8‟ 4” (2.54m) Title: PowerPoint Presentation

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Sumer

3500 BCE-2340 BCE

Tehnoloski razvitak:

• Cuvanje i dovodjenje vode

•Tocak

•Plug

Pismo:

Pocetakpisane istorije

Nezavisni gradovi-drzavesa

svojim:

• Bozanstvima / zastitnicima

gradova

• Institucionalizvanom upravom:

Vladar,

Svestenstvo,

Administracija, Vojska

Page 3: Predavanje3: Umetnost starog Bliskog Istoka · Darius and Xerxes Receiving Tribute, Apadana, Persepolis Iran 491-486 BCE. Limestone, height 8‟ 4” (2.54m) Title: PowerPoint Presentation

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Beli hram i zigurat,

Uruk (Warka), Irakca. 3200–3000 BC

Hram posvecen Anu, boginji Neba

Zigurat visok oko 12m

Page 4: Predavanje3: Umetnost starog Bliskog Istoka · Darius and Xerxes Receiving Tribute, Apadana, Persepolis Iran 491-486 BCE. Limestone, height 8‟ 4” (2.54m) Title: PowerPoint Presentation

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Beli hram, Uruk (Warka), Irak ca. 3200–3000 BCErekonstrukcija (S. E. Piggott)

Cela Oltar

Cella Altar

HRAM – prilaz po izlomljenoj osi

Page 5: Predavanje3: Umetnost starog Bliskog Istoka · Darius and Xerxes Receiving Tribute, Apadana, Persepolis Iran 491-486 BCE. Limestone, height 8‟ 4” (2.54m) Title: PowerPoint Presentation

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Votivne skulpture, Kvadratni Hram, Esnana (modern Tell Asmar), Irak

ca. 2700 BCE

2’ 6” high. Iraq Museum, Baghdad.

Votivne figure

Page 6: Predavanje3: Umetnost starog Bliskog Istoka · Darius and Xerxes Receiving Tribute, Apadana, Persepolis Iran 491-486 BCE. Limestone, height 8‟ 4” (2.54m) Title: PowerPoint Presentation

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3,400-3,200 BCE Piktogrami

3,000-2,800 BCE Klinasti znakovi

2,700 BCE Kompleksne gramaticke

konstrukcije

cuneus (Latin) - klin

Page 7: Predavanje3: Umetnost starog Bliskog Istoka · Darius and Xerxes Receiving Tribute, Apadana, Persepolis Iran 491-486 BCE. Limestone, height 8‟ 4” (2.54m) Title: PowerPoint Presentation

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Standard (zastava) iz Ura, „Ratna‟ strana, Kraljevsko groblje, Ur (Tell Muqayyar), Irak

ca. 2600 BCEWood inlaid with shell, lapis lazuli, and red limestone, approx. 8” x 1’ 7”. British Museum, London.

3 horizontalna registra

Hijerarhijske proporcije

Kombinovani izgled: Profil + ¾

Page 8: Predavanje3: Umetnost starog Bliskog Istoka · Darius and Xerxes Receiving Tribute, Apadana, Persepolis Iran 491-486 BCE. Limestone, height 8‟ 4” (2.54m) Title: PowerPoint Presentation

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Standard iz Ura, „Mirna‟ syrana, Kraljevsko groblje, Ur (Tell Muqayyar), Irak

ca. 2600 BCEWood inlaid with shell, lapis lazuli, and red limestone, approx. 8” x 1’ 7”. British Museum, London.

3 horizontalna registra

Hijerarhijske proporcije

Kombinovani izgled:

Page 9: Predavanje3: Umetnost starog Bliskog Istoka · Darius and Xerxes Receiving Tribute, Apadana, Persepolis Iran 491-486 BCE. Limestone, height 8‟ 4” (2.54m) Title: PowerPoint Presentation

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AKAD

ca. 2340 PNE-2180

PNE

ca. 2340 PNE: Sumer potpadaju pod vlast

akadskog vodje Sargona I

Gradovi-drzave gube

autonomiju

Pocetak centralizovane

vlasti

ca. 2180 PNE:

Invazija Guta

Page 10: Predavanje3: Umetnost starog Bliskog Istoka · Darius and Xerxes Receiving Tribute, Apadana, Persepolis Iran 491-486 BCE. Limestone, height 8‟ 4” (2.54m) Title: PowerPoint Presentation

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Glava akadskog vodje

Niniva (moderni Kuyunjik), Irak

ca. 2250–2200 BCECopper, 1’ 2 3/8” high. Iraq Museum, Baghdad.

Suplje liveni bakar

Namerno ostecenje

Page 11: Predavanje3: Umetnost starog Bliskog Istoka · Darius and Xerxes Receiving Tribute, Apadana, Persepolis Iran 491-486 BCE. Limestone, height 8‟ 4” (2.54m) Title: PowerPoint Presentation

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Pobednicka stela Naram-Sina, Susa, Iran

2254–2218 BCEPink sandstone, approx. 6’ 7” high. Louvre, Paris.

Hierarhijske proporcije

Kombinovani pogled

Tekst

Naznaka pejzaza

Pobednicka vojska vs. pobedjeni neprijatelj

Naram-Sin kao kralj-Bog

Stela – Uspravna kamena ploca

Stela, stelae (pl.) – Latin: potporac

Page 12: Predavanje3: Umetnost starog Bliskog Istoka · Darius and Xerxes Receiving Tribute, Apadana, Persepolis Iran 491-486 BCE. Limestone, height 8‟ 4” (2.54m) Title: PowerPoint Presentation

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ca. 2150 BCE:

Obnova Sumera

Neo-Sumerska drzava

Vladari – kraljevi iz Ura

Page 13: Predavanje3: Umetnost starog Bliskog Istoka · Darius and Xerxes Receiving Tribute, Apadana, Persepolis Iran 491-486 BCE. Limestone, height 8‟ 4” (2.54m) Title: PowerPoint Presentation

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Zigurat (sveroistocnafasadasa rekonstruisanim stepenistem), Ur (Tell Muqayyar), Irak

ca. 2100 BCEOsnova 62.5x43m (205‟x141‟)

Posveceno boginji Meseca Nani (Nana- Inana, Sin, Ištar)

Page 14: Predavanje3: Umetnost starog Bliskog Istoka · Darius and Xerxes Receiving Tribute, Apadana, Persepolis Iran 491-486 BCE. Limestone, height 8‟ 4” (2.54m) Title: PowerPoint Presentation

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Page 15: Predavanje3: Umetnost starog Bliskog Istoka · Darius and Xerxes Receiving Tribute, Apadana, Persepolis Iran 491-486 BCE. Limestone, height 8‟ 4” (2.54m) Title: PowerPoint Presentation

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Gudea sa planom hrama

Girsu (Telloh), Irakca. 2100 BCE

Diorit, 2‟ 5”

Louvre, Paris.

Page 16: Predavanje3: Umetnost starog Bliskog Istoka · Darius and Xerxes Receiving Tribute, Apadana, Persepolis Iran 491-486 BCE. Limestone, height 8‟ 4” (2.54m) Title: PowerPoint Presentation

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Uloga kralja/

Reka nosilac zivota sa ribom

Natpisi

Votivna skulptura Gudee

Girsu, Iraq

C. 2090

Diorit, 29”,

Louvre, Paris

Page 17: Predavanje3: Umetnost starog Bliskog Istoka · Darius and Xerxes Receiving Tribute, Apadana, Persepolis Iran 491-486 BCE. Limestone, height 8‟ 4” (2.54m) Title: PowerPoint Presentation

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ca. 2000 BCE:Neo-Sumersko carstvo

pada pod vlast Elamita

Nestabilan period u cel;oj

Mesopotamiji

Vavilonski kralj

Hamurabi

(1792-1750 BCE) ponovo ujedinjuje region i

obnavlja centralizovanu

drzavu

Zakon

ca. 1595 BCE:Vavilon pada pod vlast

Hetita.

Page 18: Predavanje3: Umetnost starog Bliskog Istoka · Darius and Xerxes Receiving Tribute, Apadana, Persepolis Iran 491-486 BCE. Limestone, height 8‟ 4” (2.54m) Title: PowerPoint Presentation

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Stela sa Hamurabijevim zakonon, Susa, Iran

ca. 1780 BCE.

Bazalt, approx. 7’ 4” high. Louvre, Paris.

300 zakonskih odredniva

Page 19: Predavanje3: Umetnost starog Bliskog Istoka · Darius and Xerxes Receiving Tribute, Apadana, Persepolis Iran 491-486 BCE. Limestone, height 8‟ 4” (2.54m) Title: PowerPoint Presentation

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Stela sa hamurabijevim zakonom, Susa, Iran

ca. 1780 BCE.

Bazalt, approx. 7’ 4” high. Louvre, Paris.

Šamaš –Bog Sunca I Bog Pravde

Atributi:

Suncevi zraci

Kupasta kapa sa rogovima

Raboš / Lenjir

Klupko konopca…

…tron, planina. Hierarhijske proporcije

Page 20: Predavanje3: Umetnost starog Bliskog Istoka · Darius and Xerxes Receiving Tribute, Apadana, Persepolis Iran 491-486 BCE. Limestone, height 8‟ 4” (2.54m) Title: PowerPoint Presentation

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Hetiti

ca. 1600-1200 BCE

Page 21: Predavanje3: Umetnost starog Bliskog Istoka · Darius and Xerxes Receiving Tribute, Apadana, Persepolis Iran 491-486 BCE. Limestone, height 8‟ 4” (2.54m) Title: PowerPoint Presentation

Lavlja kapija, Hatuša (Hatussha , sada Boghazköy), Turkey, ca. 1400 BCE.Limestone, lions approx. 7’ high.

Heraldicka kompozicija

Page 22: Predavanje3: Umetnost starog Bliskog Istoka · Darius and Xerxes Receiving Tribute, Apadana, Persepolis Iran 491-486 BCE. Limestone, height 8‟ 4” (2.54m) Title: PowerPoint Presentation

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The Ancient Near East

Neo-Asirsko carstvo

934 BCE - 612 BCE

Page 23: Predavanje3: Umetnost starog Bliskog Istoka · Darius and Xerxes Receiving Tribute, Apadana, Persepolis Iran 491-486 BCE. Limestone, height 8‟ 4” (2.54m) Title: PowerPoint Presentation

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Citadela Sargona II, Dur Šarukin (Dur Sharrukin, Khorsabad), Irak

ca. 720–705 BCE Reconstrukcija (Charles Altman).

Page 24: Predavanje3: Umetnost starog Bliskog Istoka · Darius and Xerxes Receiving Tribute, Apadana, Persepolis Iran 491-486 BCE. Limestone, height 8‟ 4” (2.54m) Title: PowerPoint Presentation

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Lamasu(krilati bik sa covecijom glavom

Citadela of Sargona II, Dur Dur Šarukin

(Khorsabad), Irak

ca. 720–705 BCE

Krecnjak, approx. 13’ 10” high. Louvre, Paris.

Page 25: Predavanje3: Umetnost starog Bliskog Istoka · Darius and Xerxes Receiving Tribute, Apadana, Persepolis Iran 491-486 BCE. Limestone, height 8‟ 4” (2.54m) Title: PowerPoint Presentation

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Neo-Vavilonsko Carstvo

(612 BCE – 538 BCE)

612 Neo-Vaviloncizauzimaju Ninivu

605-562 Navukadonosor II

Page 26: Predavanje3: Umetnost starog Bliskog Istoka · Darius and Xerxes Receiving Tribute, Apadana, Persepolis Iran 491-486 BCE. Limestone, height 8‟ 4” (2.54m) Title: PowerPoint Presentation

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Kapija boginje Ištar

(restaurisana), Vavilon, Irakca. 575 BCE.

Glazirana opeka. Staatliche Museum,

Berlin.

Page 27: Predavanje3: Umetnost starog Bliskog Istoka · Darius and Xerxes Receiving Tribute, Apadana, Persepolis Iran 491-486 BCE. Limestone, height 8‟ 4” (2.54m) Title: PowerPoint Presentation

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Ahemenidsko Persijsko carstvo

(538 BCE – 330 BCE)Ja sam Darije, velicanstveni Kralj, Kralj kraljeva, Kralj zemalja, Kralj ove Zemlje

Page 28: Predavanje3: Umetnost starog Bliskog Istoka · Darius and Xerxes Receiving Tribute, Apadana, Persepolis Iran 491-486 BCE. Limestone, height 8‟ 4” (2.54m) Title: PowerPoint Presentation

232m2 Drvena tavanica oslonjena na 18 stubova, visokih 12m

Kraljevska dvorana za audijencije (Apadana), Persepolis, Iranca. 521–465 BCE

Page 29: Predavanje3: Umetnost starog Bliskog Istoka · Darius and Xerxes Receiving Tribute, Apadana, Persepolis Iran 491-486 BCE. Limestone, height 8‟ 4” (2.54m) Title: PowerPoint Presentation

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Kapitel

Baza

Page 30: Predavanje3: Umetnost starog Bliskog Istoka · Darius and Xerxes Receiving Tribute, Apadana, Persepolis Iran 491-486 BCE. Limestone, height 8‟ 4” (2.54m) Title: PowerPoint Presentation

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Persepolis, Palace of Darius I, Detail of the South Façade

c. 500

Page 31: Predavanje3: Umetnost starog Bliskog Istoka · Darius and Xerxes Receiving Tribute, Apadana, Persepolis Iran 491-486 BCE. Limestone, height 8‟ 4” (2.54m) Title: PowerPoint Presentation

61Procesioni friz (detalj) na terasi kraljevske dvorane za prijem (Apadana), Persepolis, Iran

ca. 521–465 BCE

•…, predstavnici 23 nacije

Page 32: Predavanje3: Umetnost starog Bliskog Istoka · Darius and Xerxes Receiving Tribute, Apadana, Persepolis Iran 491-486 BCE. Limestone, height 8‟ 4” (2.54m) Title: PowerPoint Presentation

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Darije i Kserks primaju pocasti

Darius and Xerxes Receiving Tribute, Apadana, Persepolis Iran

491-486 BCE. Limestone, height 8‟ 4” (2.54m)