Preparation of the Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with Ferrocene and Its Applications to Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide and Glucose

Yi-Sheng Wang (汪乙生 ) , Ting-Li Lin (林庭立 ) , Hau Lin (林浩 )

Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Southern Taiwan University南台科技大學化學工程與材料工程系

 ABSTRACT

A study was conducted to use the ferrocene to modify the carbon paste electrode which was used as the working electrode to detect the responding current of reduction of hydrogen peroxide and then the concentration of hydrogen peroxide could be obtained from the responding current and consequently, the concentration of the glucose could be determined. The TB (Time Base) graphs for different operating potentials, and pH values were plotted to determine the optimum operating conditions. The results showed that the responding current for the carbon paste electrode modified with ferrocene was elevated significantly. The optimum weight ratio for ferrocene : graphite carbon powders was 3 : 7 . The optimum operating conditions are -200mV operating potential, 500rpm stirring rate and in 0.05 M PBS buffer solution( pH = 7.4 ) .

INTRODUCTION

Nowadays, diabetes is one of the top ten causes of death for the people in Taiwan . Therefore, developing a rapid, convenient, and economical glucose biosensor for detecting the glucose is a very important research subject. The glucose and oxygen can be catalyzed by the glucose oxidase and the glucose is oxidized to gluconic acid and the oxygen is reduced to hydrogen peroxide. Because the ferrocene (Fe(C5H5)2) possesses the excellent conductivity and catalytic characteristic, it can be used to elevate the responding current for detection of reduction of hydrogen peroxide. A study was conducted to use the ferrocene to modify the carbon paste electrode which was used as the working electrode to detect the responding current of reduction of hydrogen peroxide in the phosphate buffer solution(PBS) and then the concentration of hydrogen peroxide could be obtained from the responding current and consequently, the concentration of the glucose could be determined.

EXPERIMENTAL SECTION

Equipment

Electrochemical Analyzer (BAS 100W) was used to measure the activity of electrode by Cyclic Voltammetry ( CV ) and Time Base ( TB ) mode ; pH meter (Metrohm 731); Constant Temperature Thermal Bath (Wisdom BC-2DT 10L); Oven (DENG YNG) ; Electric Stirrer (Fargo); Carbon Paste Electrode was used as the working electrode, Coiled Platinum Wire was used as the counter electrode and Ag / AgCl was used as the reference electrode.

Chemicals and Reagents

Ferrocene(Fe(C5H5)2); Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2); D(+)-Glucose Monohydrate(C6H12O6); Glucose Oxidase(EC 1.1.3.4, Type X-S: From Aspergillus Niger, 50000 units/mg); Graphite Carbon Powder; Carbon Paste; Cyclohexanone(C6H10O); Nafion ; Potassium Dihydrogenphosphate (KH2PO4); Potassium Chloride (KCl).

Procedure

(1) Take one section of 7 cm electric wire with 0.05 cm inside diameter. After depriving the coating 0.5 cm length from both ends, the nake-ended wire was washed, dried and ready for use.

7 cm

0.05cm

0.5 cm

(2) Then the ferrocene powders, graphite carbon powders and carbon paste were mixed with the appropriate ratio (ferrocene : graphite carbon powders : carbon paste = 0.3 : 0.7 : 1). After the mixing was complete, the mixture was evenly coated on the nake-ended electric wire and dried in the oven and then we obtained the carbon paste electrode. The surface area of the carbon paste electrode was 0.0805 cm2 .

Ferrocene

Mixing with carbon paste

Graphite carbon powdersCoated on the nake-ended electric wire

glucose oxidase1 % NafionPVC cover

(3) After the above mentioned carbon paste electrode was dried, the 2μL glucose oxidase solution( 3mg of glucose oxidase was dissolved in 500μL PBS buffer solution ) was put onto the surface of electrode and the electrode was dried at room temperature. Then 5μL of 1% Nafion solution(in 95% alcohol) was dropped onto the electrode evenly and after the electrode was dried at room temperature, we obtained the glucose biosensor.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Fig 1. CV graphs for (A) carbon paste electrode modified with ferrocene (B) unmodified carbon paste electrode; the range of scanning potential: -0.8～ +0.8 V, scanning rate = 50 mV/s

Fig. 3 The TB graphs of carbon paste electrode for detection of H2O2 at different pH values of PBS buffer solution (ferrocene : graphite carbon powders = 3 : 7); the pH values are [ (A) pH = 6.0 (B) pH = 7.0 (C) pH = 7.4 (D) pH = 8.0 ]

Fig. 4 The TB graphs of carbon paste electrodes for detection of H2O2 ;; (A) carbon paste electrode modified with ferrocene (ferrocene : graphite carbon powders = 3 : 7); (B) unmodified carbon paste electrode

Fig.5 The graphs for determining the linear range of detection of H2O2 for carbon paste electrode [ (A) carbon paste electrode modified with ferrocene (B) unmodified carbon paste electrode ]

Fig. 6 The TB graph of glucose biosensor for detection of glucose (ferrocene : graphite carbon powders = 3 : 7); At 30 ; the operating ℃potential = –200 mV; in 0.1 M KCl of 5 mL 0.05 M PBS buffer solution ( pH=7.4 ); stirring rate=500 rpm; 20μL of 100mM glucose is injected per 100 seconds

CONCLUSIONS

The results showed that the responding current for the carbon paste electrode modified with ferrocene was elevated significantly. The optimum weight ratio for ferrocene : graphite carbon powders was 3 : 7 . At 30 , -℃ 200mV operating potential, and in 0.05 M PBS buffer solution( pH = 7.4 ), when the carbon paste electrode was modified with ferrocene [ferrocene : graphite carbon powders = 3 : 7 ( weight ratio )] , the detection limit was 0.01 mM H2O2 , the linear range was 0.01 ～ 0.5 mM H2O2 , R2=0.993, and the sensitivity was 260.6 μA/cm2 ． mM H2O2 . For the glucose biosensor, the detection limit was 0.06 mM C6H12O6 ; the linear range was 0.06 ~ 2.0 mM C6H12O6 ; R2 = 0.992 and the sensitivity was 83.1 μA/cm2 ． mM C6H12O6 . The optimum operating conditions are -200mV operating potential, 500rpm stirring rate and in 0.05 M PBS buffer solution ( pH = 7.4 ) .

REFERENCES 1. P. C. Pandey and S. Upadhyay, “Bioelectrochemistry of Glucose Oxidase Immobi

lized on Ferrocene Encapsulated Ormosil Modified Electrode,” Sensors and Actuators B, Vol.76,193 (2001).

2. M. A. Kim and W.-Y. Lee, “Amperometric Phenol Biosensor Based on Sol-Gel Silicate/Nafion Composite Film,” Analytica Chimica Acta, Vol.479, 143 (2003).

3. Y.-M. Uang and T.-C. Chou , “Fabrication of Glucose Oxidase/Polypyrrole Biosensor by Galvanostatic Method in Various pH Aqueous Solutions,” Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Vol.19, 141(2003).

(A)

(B)

Fig. 2 The TB graphs of carbon paste electrode for detection of H2O2 at different operating potentials (ferrocene : graphite carbon powders = 3 : 7); the operating potentials are [ (A) –300mV (B) –200mV (C) –100mV ]