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Maria M. Vidal
INGL. 4295
Composition & Rhetoric
Seminar
December 5, 2011
Prof. M. R. Ortiz
Universidad de Puerto Rico
Recinto de Carolina
Proyecto CRECE
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Rhetoric was slow to develop in ancient Rome.
It started to flourish when that empire conquered
Greece and began to be influenced by its traditions.
While ancient Romans incorporated many of therhetorical elements established by the Greeks, they
diverged from the Grecian tradition in many ways.
For example, orators and writers in ancient Rome
depended more on stylistic flourishes, riveting stories,
and compelling metaphors and less on logical reasoning
than their ancient Greek counterparts.
Rhetoric in Ancient Rome
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Cicero:
"Rhetoric is one great art comprised of five
lesser arts: inventio, dispositio,
elocutio, memoria, and pronunciatio.
Rhetoric is "speech designed to persuade.
Quintillian:
"Rhetoric is the art of speaking well."
According to
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According to
Cicero (1st century B.C.E. Rome)
Was convinced that thought can not be separated from language.
That being a good citizen required broad general knowledge and a facility
for using rhetoric to deliberate about the good of the republic.
Horace (1st century C.E. Rome)In his theory of poetry, wrote about rhetoric as the practice of using language
for teaching, pleasing, and moving an audience.
Rhetoric isnt just about the logical functions of language but about the way
it works on our emotions and moves us to action.
Quintilian (1st century C.E. Rome)Was strongly influence by Cicero and went even further in arguing for the
ethical nature of rhetoric.
He said that the orator must be an ethical person in order to be persuasive.
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Canons of Rhetoric
Ciceros primary contribution in De
Inventione is his introduction of his
five Canons of Rhetoric.
Today, the five Canons Cicero proposed
are still crucial to effective rhetoric.
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Canons of Rhetoric
1) They provide a template for the criticism of
discourse (and orations in particular)
2) They give a pattern for rhetorical education.
3) There are five canons of rhetoric.Canons of Rhetoric
Invention (discovery)
Arrangement (organization) Style (expression)
Memory
Delivery
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Canons of Rhetoric
Inventio
(invention - discovery)
The process of developing and refining your
arguments.Dispositio
(arrangement - organization)
The process of arranging and organizing yourarguments for maximum impact.
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Canons of Rhetoric
Elocutio(style - expression)
The process of determining how you present
your arguments using figures of speech and
other rhetorical techniques.
Memoria
(memory)
The process of learning and memorizing your
speech so you can deliver it without the use of
notes.
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Canons of RhetoricActio
(delivery)
The process of practicing how you deliver yourspeech using gestures, pronunciation, and tone
of voice.
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1) Second Roman to leave his mark on the study of rhetoric.
2) Quintilian opened a public school of rhetoric.3) He developed a study system that took a student through different stages
of intense rhetorical training.
4) In 95 AD, Quintilian immortalized his rhetorical education system in a
twelve-volume textbook entitledInstitutio Oratoria.
5) Institutio Oratoria covers all aspects of the art of rhetoric.6) While Quintilian focuses primarily on the technical aspects of effective
rhetoric, he also spends a considerable amount of time setting forth a
curriculum he believes should serve as the foundation of every mans
education.
7) Quintilians rhetorical education ideally begins as soon as a baby is born.
For example, he counsels parents to find their sons nurses that are articulateand well-versed in philosophy.
8) Quintilian devotes much of his treatise to fleshing out and explaining the
Five Canons of Rhetoric. First seen in Ciceros De Inventione,the Five
Canons provide a guide on creating a powerful speech.
Quintilian
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Rhetoric did not originate at a single momentin history. Rather, it was an evolving,
developing consciousness about therelationship between thought andexpression
Richard Leo Enos
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References
http://8170.pbworks.com/w/page/35682186/Timeline%20of%20Roman%20Rhetoric#footnote-anchor-1
http://www.wfu.edu/~zulick/300/biborigins.html
http://www.stanford.edu/dept/english/courses/sites/lunsford/pages/defs.htm
http://rhetoric.eserver.org/categories
http://sites.google.com/site/readingandwritingandrhetoric/home/rhetoric/history-of-rhetoric
http://rhetoric.byu.edu/
http://artofmanliness.com/2010/11/30/history-of-rhetoric/
http://www.pearsonhighered.com/educator/product/History-and-Theory-of-Rhetoric-The-An-
Introduction/9780205414925.page
http://textcommons.org/node/109
http://www.amazon.com/Companion-Rhetoric-Blackwell-Companions
Ancient/dp/1405120916#reader_1405120916