PROCEEDING INAFOR 2011 Illlerllaliollal CO/~Frwc(; o/Illdol/{'sia ForeJ/~T Rt:Jcclld}cn

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EDITORS: Dr. !r. ! K. [luler:l P:mhan1a, \I.Sc

Dr.\chnad I aU;;1 .\hhud

Dr. :\:11:\ \I:nda\\;\ri

Prot~. 1\1-;. Dr. CU';lal1 Pan

Dr. llarutll "-.1'1,11:1\\:111

Dr. h:.ri.;,\t:1l1tl)

Dr. .\Iok "utn:1kl"

11'. Hell11) .\\al'l :\111. \f.:-ic

Dr. '!';llck :-;

1

PREFACEI

"Society is the ultimate beneficiary of research". 'Ibis statement means that all the result of research activities should be equally distributed to all users and stakeholders. There are many tools to dissemmate research findings, and one of them is through a scientific conference. Its role as a media for researchers and users includes policy-makers to cooperate closely to understand specific needs, ensure relevance of topics, and lmprove communication, dissemination and implementation of the research recommendations makes scientific conference essential to any research agency.

The International Conference of Indonesia Forestry Researchers (IN1\FOR) was an endeavour of Porestr), Research and Development (FORDA), the Ministry of Forestry to acti\-ely imprm'e the (Iuality of Indonesian forestry research and publications as well as establish a robust scientific forum for Indonesia forestry professionals from research and development entities including government agencies, private sectors and universities, Its first event was conducted in 5-7 December 2011 in Bogor under the theme of "Strengthening Forest Science and Technology for Better Forestry Development".

This conference aimed to prm-ide mternational experience for Indonesia forestry researchers. and de\'elop forestry research and development activities in Indonesia. In regards to international t()restry research forum. the International l; nion of Forest Research Organizations (ILTRO) involved numerous Indonesian participants. Unfortunately, this impressive complicm' has fatled to be redeemed by numbers of accepted papers. This mainly due to lack of experit'nce in international conference mechamsm and less technical knO\vledge in preparing the drafts.

This proceeding is a documentation and publication of papers and posters presented in the conference. It comlst of 110 succesfully presented oral presentations, when 77 papers out of them have been selected to be sent to lUFRO fomm. I expect this publication could be distributed to all participants, mers, partners and other stakeholders throughout Indonesia.

In addition, I \v(lUld like to acknowledge all the authors of papers and posters contributed 111 this proceeding. The comments and review from the edltors towards the publishing of the proceeding arc also greatly appreciated. I am also grateful for the participants who had actively involved in the conference. Finally, I wish this proceeding and the conti.:rence could contnbute endless benefits to the society toward strengthening forest science and technology for better forestn' development.

Jakarta, November 2012

Director General of FORDA

Dr. R. Iman Santoso

TABLE OF CONTENT

PREFACE .................................................................................................................................. .

TABLE OF CONTE~T ..................................................... . u REMARKS Laporan Kepala Badan Litbang Kehuranan ...................... " ....... "".......... "............................ Xl

Samblltan Menteri Kehutanan Republik Indonesia ............................................................. xv

Samblltan \\enteri Negara Riser Dan Teknologi Republik Indonesia..................... X1X

WRAPUP .................................... . XXlV KEYNOTE SPEECHES

International Union of Forest Research Organizations: The Global Network for h)fcst Science Cooperation (Michael Kleine).. ... ........................................ XXVll Dmamics of Agroforestr\: Somc Thoughts (Ujiwal Pradhan)........ ....... .. XXXIII I\laking Forestry Research \X'ork: Bridging Science, Practice And Polin (Robert Nasi).. .. .. .. ..... .. .. ..... .. .. ... .............................................. ....... xlii ACL\R's Forestry Research for Dexdopment in Indonesia and the Region (I\1irah Nuryati. . ..... . ... .. .......... .. .. .... .... . .. ..... ... . ..... . ... ....... . . .. . .. . . .. ..... ...... ...... xlY

INVITED PAPERS 1\lanaging Canoderma for Sustainable Plantation Forests in Indonesia (Abdul Gafur, Budl Tjahjono and l\farthin Tarigan).. .. ... . ... .. .. ..... .. .. . . .. . .... ....... ............... xlix Genetic Conservation and Tree Imprm'ement (Eko Bhakti I Iardiyanto)..... [\i1 Promoting Research On Indonesian Community Forestry Practices Towards (~lobal Issues (Mustofa Agung Sariono) ................................................ "........ Ixii Kebijakan Kehutanan: Masalah, Penelitian dan Diseminasinya (Bambang J Iero Saharjo). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ...................................... ......... Lxxii

Roles of Crowth and Yield t\lodelling in Sus tamable Forest Management (Udiansyah) lxxix

ORAL PRESENTATIONS Section A Sustainable Forest Management TN,\FORll.\-OOl Paper 1\lill Sludge as Soil ;\mdiorant to Enhance Land

Rehabilitation in Indonesia: Prospects and I -imitation (I ':nny \\'idnlti) ................................. , ............. .... .... .. 1

INAFORI L\-001 '111e Influence of Pruning on the Growth of Jhorea Jtcnoptera Burck at KIIDTK Haurbentes, \X'est Java, Indonesia (Riskan Effendi, Nina Mindawati and A.Syaffari Kosasih)..... . 9

INAFOR11A-003 Evaluating the Ideal Sikicultl)ral System Production Forest Management (\Vahyudi) ....... .

for Natural IS

TNAFOR11 A-004 Effect of Inundation Degree on the Grmvth of Rbi~opbora

11

IN,\FOR11 G-059 '111e Influence of Teak Forest on Ground \'('ater Fluctuation at Cepu, Central Java (lrfan B. Pramono and Nining \X'ahyuningrum),."""""." ...... ".""" .. ,," ."" .. " ..... ,..... 527

IN.\FORIIC060 Change of Carbon Stock of Necromass in Tropical Peat Forest of Indonesia (Cjang Suwarna). ".,. ........ " ....... "."." .. "..... 537

IN.\f)]U 1C;-0(;1 Deconstruction of Carbon Offsetting Schemes and Rebuilding Integrated i\pproach for Environmental Services in :Forest lVIanagement (Dodik Ridho Nurrochmat and Tatang Tinana) ................ " ....... " ......................... "........... 545

Section H Community and Social Forestry IN1\J.'()R 1111-06:2 .\rcn (.1m(ga pinna/a (Wurmb) Merr.) Traditional Management

System in Batang Tom, North Sumatra and Tomohon, North Sulawesi, Indonesia (Endri Martini and James M. Roshetko).,... 551

INAFORl111-063 E\'aluation of Sustainable Forest r.1anagement: Reyiew on Teak Forests Management (Case Study at KPH Mantingan, Central .J ava) (Baharinawati \'C. Hastanti and Basanu Simon). . . . . . . . . . . ... S6~

INAFORllll-0(;4 Vulnerability of Mountains People of Papua to the Climate Change (Susan T. Salosa) ........ ,. .......... ,....................... 575

INA/;OR1111-065 Growth and Production of Porang (AmorphopalluJ on(ophi/IUJ' Prain) under Damar (/l,~a!hiJ f;orneetIJi.lJ Stand (l\lurniati and Sumarhani) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ..................... ............. 585

INAI'"ORlll 1-066 Integrating Community Forestry and Forest Products Based-Rural Industrialization for Enhancing Rural Community Welfare and Sustaining Forest Resources (Didik Suharjito)....... 596

Il'': i\IOR1111-067 Carbon and Watershed Function as Conditionality for Community Forestn' (Case stud, in Sesaot Lombok) (Noviana Khususiyah, Subekti Rahayu, Tonni Asmawan and S.Suyanto)... 604

Section I Forest Policy and Economics INAJ;ORllI-068 Eftcctivencss of 111e Institution on The I iorest Seed Source

Ccrtification: Case Stud\ in East Kalimantan and So lith Kalimantan (Faiqotul J'alah, Bramasto Nugroho and Iskandar Zulkarnaen Siregar)........ ..... . .............. .... ...... ...... ........ 615

INAf.OR11 1-069 SILIN: Risks and Opportunities (Ika I Ieriansyah)............ ..... 6:28

INAFOR11 1-070 Characteristics of f Iouseholds as Drivers for jiorest Transition:

A Case Stud\ in Baghdevi CFUG, Chitwan Distnct, Nepal and J.MDI 1 Galang Taruna, Ciamis District, Indonesia (Ellyn K. Damayanti, Lilik B. Prasetyo, Maheswar Dhakal, Misa f-.Iasuda, Mardiana \X'achyuni). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ............................... 6Yi

Section J Non Timber Forest Products INAFORl1J-071 Enhancing Carbon Stock and Ecnomics PotenC\' for REDO-+

,\ctiyity on Oil Palm-Eaglewood ,\groforestry System (Y'anto Rochmayanto). . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . . . . . . .. . . . .. .. . . . . .. . . . . . .. .. .. . . .. 64-1

Vll

IN.\H)Rll}OT2 PIl\tochemlCal and Antibactenal Propenies of Gewang (Conpbau/an Lamk.) Fruits and Roots (Dani Sulistiyo Iladi and Eritrina \Xindyarini). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .................. 656 Impro\Tment Technique of Traditional Lac Culture in East :-::umba, Fast Nusa Tenggara (Sujarwo Sujatmoko, Dani Sulistyo II adi and Soenarno). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665 ~\luminum levels on lewes, bark, and root of two Loba species: Loba ""awi (S)'mp/oc'O.fjtJJii,'U/ata ZoIL) and Loba Manu (,fymp/oc'OJ "ocbinc/Jinemis) (Dani Sulistiyo Halli and Siswadi). .... ............ .. 671

I:\".\FORll/-075 Studi On Bamboo \Veaving Small I\fcdium Industry Resources ;\rea YIanagement 1\t Moyudan Sleman (Retno Widiastuti, San Afri Awang, T.A. Prayitno and Sofyan P. \\'arsito)................. 675 1~.\H)RI1J076 The Potency of Ylahogany (Jwietenia mamJphy/kJ) Bark as a

Hypercholesterolemia-preventing Agent in Sprague-Dawley Rats (Syamsul Falah and Sulistiyani). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685

IK\H)R11}077 The Natural Chemical Contents of Trees and Exist(~nce of SL,,{ Medicinal Trees Species in indonesia: A Review (Andianto)., .... 690

POSTER PRESENTATIONS

lNAIiORl1 P-OOl Enhancing Permanent Sample Plot System in Indonesian Jiorest Resource Management (Emma Soraya) .""" .............. " .... """'".,,.,,..... 700

INAJ i ORllP-002 Ecosn:tem Services Proyided b\ Birds 111 Different Ilabitats . .

(;\sep Ayat and I lesti Lestari Tata) """"""."...."" ..""""".".,,,, ..... ,,"" 709 INAFORl1 P-003 Enrichment Planting Technology in Timor Deer (RuJa timorrnJ'iJ

Blainville 1822) Captive Breeding with Mini Ranch System in Semi ;\rid Land (Sis\vadi, Grace S. Saraglh and Kayat) ................... 713 I~l\H)R I1P-004 The Need to ConserYe Mosaic Bamboo I!l Indonesia (.tv!.

Charomail1l Z.) .............................................................................. 720 INAFOR1JP-005 The Potency of Charcoal (BlOC! L\R) as Bioconditioner and

Prm-ide Carbon-Offset for Mitigating CO2 Emission (Gusmailina) .... ,' ............................ ,., ............... , ........ ,................... 727

I~AFOR11 P-006 Allometric Equations for Estimating Aboyeground Biomass I!l Papua Tropical Forests (Sandhi Imam l\1aulana) .......................... 740

IN1\FORlIP-007 Strategies for Developing Private Forests Around Laiwangi \'('anggameti National Park in Sumba Timur District (Rahman Kurniadi) ........... ,........................................................................... 748

IN1\FOR11p008 '111e Study of IEA, EAP and Kinetin Honnones Usage Towards The Buds Multiplications of Agilfwood Plant (GyinopJ' ver.rteegii (Gilg) Domke) by In Vitro (Oki Hidayat) ...................................... 755

Vlll

INAFOR 11J-076

I,\;TU{,\; \T/O'\;\l CO,\;H:rn:,\CE OF I:'-iDO,\ESL\ FORESTR'l RLSEARCHERS [,\AFOR

:'ectioll I Non Timber Forest Products

The Potency of Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) Bark as a

Hypercholesterolemia-preventing Agent in Sprague-Dawley Rats

Syamsul Falah and Suhstiyani

Bioci'L'1l1!,rrr 1kpartlllcnr, of \!Jthcmatic, anJ :\atural Scicnce" Bog!)r . \gricultural l 11. .\gathi" Cd. Fakullas Pnernak;]n u.s \\tng), Kamp"" IPB Darmaga Bogor 16680, 1:\1)( ):\I/SI.\

Paper prepared for

The First International Conference of Indonesian hnestry Researchers (INAFOR)

Hogor, ') - 7 December 2011

INAFOR SECRETARIAT

Sub DivislOn of Dissemination, Publication and Library

FORESTRY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ;\GENCY

J1. Gunung Hatu '), Bogor 16610

The Potency of Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) Bark as a

Hypercholesterolemia-preventing Agent in Sprague-Dawley Rats

Syamsul Falah and Sulistiyani

Bloci1clllistn Department, I;acult, of \lathematics and l';atural Sciences, Bogor .\griculturall'niversitl

II .\gathis, C;d. I'akulta, l'ctcrnakan Lt.5 King 5, "ampll' IPB Darmaga Hogor 16680, IN])(ll';I:SI.\

ABSTRACT

Bark is a maJor by-product from the wood processing industries. Ilowever, the bark has not been intensively utilized. In this stud\" mahogany bark was im'estigated the potency as hypercholesterolemia-preventing agent in white rats. 'lbe thirty five male rats were divided into five groups with seven rats in each group. Rats in normal group were fed with standard rat feed. II\'percholesterolemlC rats (negative control group) were fed with cholesterol feed (0.86%) and propyl tiouracyl at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg body weight. LO\'astatin, a commercial drug, was administered to positive control rats at a dose of 0.286 mg/kg body weight together with cholesterol feed. Mahogany bark hot water extract were administered to the other rats groups at doses of 4.2 mg/kg and 21 mg/kg body weight as well as cholesterol feed. The experiment was carried out for eight consecuti\'e weeks. The total blood cholesterol concentrations were analyzed every two weeks by enzymatic cholesteroloxidase phenol amino phenazone method (U IOD-PAP) and spectrophotometer at 500 nm of wave length. The results showed that administration of cholesterol feed and propyl tiouracyl in hypercholesterolemic group has increased the total cholesterol concentration to reach 52.7%. \\::hile the mahogany bark extract at the dose of 21 mg/kg body weight could successfully reduce the increasing of total cholesterol level by 35.8% compared to lovastatin which reduced the increasing of total cholesterol level by :n.8o. Therefore, the mahogam" bark has a potential of a hypercholesterolemia-preventing agent.

Keywords: Mahogany bark, hypercholesterolemia-preventing agent, lovastatin, total blood cholesterol

1. INTRODUCTION

Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death 111 the worldwide. One of the disease risk factor is the level of cholesterol concentration in the blood above normal level which called h:"percholesterolemia. Foods that contain saturated fats and high cholesterol may increase blood cholesterol concentrations when consumed in excess. Another factor that is a genetic condition, obesity, age and the presence of estrogen in women (Grundy, 1991).

More widespread cases of cardiovascular disease among the general population lead to the increasing need of a cheap and effecti\'e drug. Medication of cardiovascular disease with herbal therapies has been developed as an alternati\'es to synthetic drugs. Therapy with herb has been developed in addition because it is cheaper, efficacious, and side effects can be avoided, as well as raw materials available in nature. In order to develop herbal medicines, high potentially mahogany bark \vas investigated its effectiveness as a supplement in the treatment of coronalT heart disease.

Previous study of mahogany bark showed three chemical compounds has been isolated and identified from the bark i.e. swietemacrophyllanin, catechin, and epicatechin (Falah et aI., 2(08). Those compounds have a high antioxidant activity and potentially prevent the oxidation of lowdensity lipoproteins (LDL) in the blood \'esse\' Therefore, it \vill inhibit the development of

686

atherosclerosis. that IS responsible for coronan~ heart disease. In this study, mahogany bark extract was investigated the potency as an antihypercholcsterolemia-preventing agent in white rats. The activity was compared to that of lovastatm as a reference.

2. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS.

2.1 Extract Preparation

Mahogany bark were collected from Sumedang. Indonesia. A dned bark powder of i'vfahogany (500 g) were boiled in two liters of \vater for four hours in hot water extraction method. 'rhe extract was then filtered and c\'aporated \\"ith a rotarY evaporator at and the crude extract was used in biological assay.

2.2 Animals

Male Sprague-Dawle\' rats of ,) weeks old \\Tre obtained from The National :\genC\" of Drug and Food Control of Indonesia. 'Ihe~~ \\Tre fed \\~ith a ~tandard laboratory diet and allowed food and water ad libitum for an acclimatization periods of 10 weeks prior to experiments. The animals were divided into five groups of seven each and housed individually during the experimental period.

2.3 Experimental Design

,\11 the rats crpr't{~ue dawiey albino male rats) \\Tre randomly di\'ided II1to the tive groups. Croup 1\: Normal (N) rats administered NaCl 0.90 b,' intraperitoneal and oralh~ alJuades I ml

daily. Group B: IIypercholesterolemia (11K) negative control rats were fed with cholesterol feed

(O.RGo/o) and propYl tiouracyl at a dose of O.S body \\Tight. Group C: LOYastatin (Lo\'as) positive control rats administered standard drug lovastatin (O.2R6

mg/kg, orally) daily together with cholesterol feed and propyl tiouracy!. Group D: Hypercholesterolemia rats (EI) administered hot water extract (4.2 mg/kg, oraIly) daily

together with cholesterol feed and propyl tiouracyL Croup E: Ilypercholcsterolemia rats (1':2) administered hot water extract (21 mg/kg. orally) daily

together with cholesterol feed and propyl tiouracyL The experiment was carried out for eight consecutive weeks. Cholesterol feed was

prepared from mixture of egg yolk, goat fat, 'Tgetable oil, and standard feed.

2.4 Measurement ofTotal Blood Cholesterol Level

mood samples were obtained from the tail "cin 111 fasting rats for IR h and blood cholesterolle\Tls were measured using an enzymatic method of cholesteroloxidase phenol amino phenazone (OIOD-PAP) with a commercial diagnostic kit (Randox). A 10 /-lL of blood semm was mixed with 1 mL of kit reagent. The solution was then shaken and kept stand for 10 min at room temperature to afford pink solution. Standard was measured as like the same way at different concentration levels (25, 50, 100, 200 and 250 mg/dL). Absorbance's of the samples were measured with spectrophotometer at 500 nm. In this study, analysis of blood cholesterol using blood semm was done over 5 times with each blood sampling at weeks-D, 2, 4, 6 and 8 of the experimental periods.

2.5 Statistical Analysis All the values of body weight and fasting blood sugar were expressed as mean standard

error of mean (S.E.M) and anah'zed for "-\NOVA and Duncan's I-test. Differences between groups were considered significant atp

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

3.1 Body Weight

Body \\el~ht of the rats increased significantly during the experimental periods in each groups (hgure 1). However, the body weight is not statistically difference at the end of the periods. '\ormaJ rats group haH: a lo\,,-est body weight than that of another groups because of untecdi!1~ the cholesterol feed. Consumption of cholesterol feed can lead to increase the body weight of rats.

'iOO,OO 1E '" 400,00... !:9 Normal~ ..r:: 300,00blJ OJ _If I--: ~ 20n,OO:-. Lovas '"0 0

El>!.1 100,00 E2 (l,OO

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Weeks

Figure I: Both- weight of the rats during the experimental periods

3.2 Blood Cholesterol Level

Administration of cholesterol-rich feed can also enhance the total of blood cholesterol leveL Consumption of foods rich in cholesterol and fatty acids will suppress the formation of LDL receptors, thus will increase cholesterol in the blood. .\dministration of PTU also can exhibit the Increasing of blood cholesterol level. It caused the PTl' as an antithyroid agent will inhibit the formation of thyroid hormone, but did not inhibit the secretion. 'lbyroid hormone deficiency may suppress the formation of LDJ, receptors in thc bver to trigger hypercholesterolemia. Administration of cholesterol feed and propyl tiouracyl In hypercholesterolemia group has increased the total cholesterol concentration to reach 52.7%

Statistically, blood cholesterol level of each the rats groups is not difference significantly at the beginning of experimental periods. Proftle of the blood cholesterol le\"els of the rats shown on Table 1.

Table 1: Blood cholesterol profile of the rats groups f()f 8 weeks of experimental period [mg/dL]

\\ccb( ;roup~ () 2 4 6 B

N 63,77 :t 6.76 47,93:t 11,03 57,43 14,53 76,64 :t 12,27 76,49 8,23 11K 63,26 :.': 7,33 55,18 11,42 76,34 10,96 80,57 8,74 95..34 15.24

1,0\'a::-: ()9,83 15,21 67 ,-t7 11,73 82,94 19,36 Bl,96 :.': ]4,00 90,67 9.5() 1':1 (>4,03 11,61 59.50 15,06 79,90 15,25 108,71 :':: 10,-13 102,59 ]3,54 Ji":> 1

688

The lontstatin rat~ group had an a\erage concentration of blood cholesterol is lower than that of h\'percholcsterolctTI1a rats at the end of experimelltal penod. It \\'a~ suggested that statin compoulld call stop biosnlthesis endof':cll cholesterol \ia thc lllhlbltioll of TT\IG-CoA reductase 1l1echml1sm 111 liver.

\lahogam extract at a do,e of 21 m?, kg bOlh' \\Tlght has a tendenc\' to prevent the increaSing of rhe blood chole,m~rol at 3).-.')" "FIgure 2, ..\ccordmg to those data, the dose has an eftect to pren:nt the illcre,bll1~~ rile blood cholesterol as Cllllal to .)-UlI"" of lovastatin.

::'tatisticall~', the eftecti\Tne,,' of extract at dose 21 I11g/kg and Im'ast3till is IlO difference significanth' (P> OJ f)).

'111e capability of the extract at dose of '1 to prevent enhanc111g of cholesterol InTI more than of hypercholesterokmia group is cau,ed the pre:'