Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ. Radar and SAR Principles and Applications 최신 레이다 추세 와 활용 곽 영 길 교수 전자 정보통신 컴퓨터 공학부 항공전자연구소

Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.

Radar and SAR Principles and Applications

최신 레이다 추세 와 활용

곽 영 길 교수전자 정보통신 컴퓨터 공학부

항공전자연구소 소장

한국항공대학교


RADAR ?

Definition: RAdio Detection And Ranging

plus target`s position, velocity, image,

and identification

“The basic concept of RADAR is relatively simple,

but, in many instances its practical implementation

is NOT”. Integrated Technologies :

- Systems/Electronics/Mechanics/

- Computer to RF TechnologyRSP Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.


RADAR – Electronic Eye

RADAR: HIGHLY SENSITIVE SENSOR - ELECTIONIC EYE using electromagnetic wave

- ALL WEATHER OPERATION under cloud and rain

- DAY OR NIGHT OPERATION

- FINE RANGE , ANGLE, DOPPLER MEASUREMENT

- RADAR IMAGING AND IDENTIFICATION

DUAL USE TECHNOLOGY:CIVIL & MIL - AIR TRAFFIC SAFETY CONTROL AND NAVIGATION

- AIR DEFENSE AND FIRE CONTROL

- SURVEILLANCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

RSP Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.


RADAR HISTORY

- 1886 : Heinrich Hertz`s Demonstration of Radio Wave

- 1920`s : AIRCRAFT (BOMBER) Detection and Early Warning

- 1930`s : BISTATIC CW RADAR

- 1940`s : MONOSTATIC PULSE RADAR

- 1950`s : PULSED DOPPLER RADAR-Signal Processing Concept

- 1960`s : PHASED ARRAY RADAR

- 1970`s : DIGITAL MTI AND IMAGEING RADAR

- 1980`s : SAR AND OTH-RADAR

- 1990`s : SENSITIVE AND MULTIFUNCTION RADAR (PATRIOT)

- 2000`s : SPACE BONRNE RADAT(SIR-E/SRTM)



RADAR CLASSIFICATIONS

- RANGE : SHORT, MIDEUM, LONG RANGE

- FUNCTION : SURVEILLANCE, TRACKING

- INFORMATION : 1D, 2D, 3D, 4D, IMAGE(SAR)

- OBJECT : A/C, SHIP, MISSILE, VEHICLE, WEATHER

- FREQUENCY : HF, UHF, L, S, C, X, Ku, Millimeter

- PROCESSING : MTI, PULSE, DOPPLER, LPI, SAR

- PRF : LPRF, MPRF, HPRF



수집

사용전파 분석처리 , 저장 , 도시 ,

시뮬레이션

보고체계지형정보

표적정보 영상

정보 신호정보 음향

정보정보

전송망

정보융합

( 음향 ,영상 ,신호 ,표적 ,지형 )

레이더

표적위치 ,속도 , 방향식별

지형지물위치결정 ,속성판독

표적위치 ,이동 , 식별

영상 위치 , 주파수 ,암호 ,*PRF

표적위치 , 이동 , 식별해저지형지물

음향신호

항공기 ,비행정 위성

RPV

헬기

지상함정

해저

잠수함

지상수신소 ( 데이터링크 )음향정보( 능동 , 수동 )

영상정보(SAR, E-O, 사진 ) 신호정보

( 통신 , 전자 )

표적정보( 레이더 )

Sensor System


Radar - Environment

Hankuk Aviation Univ.


RADAR REQUIREMENTS

⑴ DETECTION - HIGH S/N ENHANCES DETECTABILITY

AS WELL AS ACCURACY

⑵ ACCURACY - RANGE, HEIGHT, PLAN POSITION OR

AZIMUTH AS FUNCTIONS OF RANGE

⑶ RESOLUTION - FUNCTION OF BANDWIDTH FOR RANGE,

BEAMWIDTH FOR ANGLE AND DWELL TIME

FOR VELOCITY

⑷ CLUTTER REJECTION - EQUIPMENT STABILITY, WAVEFORM, SIGNAL PROCESSOR

* ANTI-JAMMING, ECCM, STEALTHY

- ADVANCED WAVEFORM, PROCESSING



WHAT CAN A RADAR MEASURE?

․ RANGE - MEASURED BY TIME

c=VELOCITY OF LIGHT

․ ANGLE - MEASURE BY ANTENNA BEAM POINTING

․ RANGE RATE - MEASURE BY DOPPLER FREQUENCY OFFSET


2

cTR

Δt

ΔRR

c

VF2

λ

V2f t

d


PHYSICAL RESOLUTION CELL

․RANGE

(A/D SAMPLING PERIOD)

PW=PULSE WIDTH

․ANGLE

(BEAMWIDTH)

․DOPPLER FREQUENCY

(DOPPLER FILTER)

DWELL TIME

= TIME OF ENERGY

TRANSMISSION



• Environmental limits • Applicable technology & components

limits* Radar frequency selection* mechanical or electrical scan Ant.* Choice of Polalization* Radar waveform* Type of processing : MTI or

pulse Doppler MTD* Transmitting power :Tube/MPM or

Solid-state

Mission Analysis

Sensor Requirement

Sensor Design

System Parameters

Weight, Volume,

Size, Power, Reliability

Subsystem/module

Parts/ SW design

Implementation

Radar Design Procedure


4

1

min2

22t

maxS4

GPR

AE

4G

E

A

2e

2EA

AA

EE

A4DD4G

D,D

Radar Range Equation

losspathnpropagatioL

losssystemradarL

L4

AGPKwhere

LR

K

R4

AGPP

A

S

S2

ETTR

A4R

42ETT

R


GPAS

PT

INi

P

T

IGPAS

T

I

R

GP

A

S

LLLFBTKR

GGPN

S

PFBTKP

radarthewithinpowernoiseandGgain

havingpulsemultipletheFor

RLFBTK

GPN

SPLLLR

GP

P

Pthen

Lpathssignalmultiplein

Lin

Lsysteminlossestheif

043

22

0

40

3

22

43

22

)4(

.processing

)4()4(

onpropargati

Radar Equation – Point Target


Losses in Radar Equation ⓐ System losses within the radar system

ⓑ Propagation medium loss

losssquintL

lossequipmentidealnonLloss,widthpulseL

lossoperatorLloss,scanloss,patternant.L

losscollapsingLloss,onpolarizatiL

losslimitingLguide,wavelossplumbingL

SQ

NEPW

OPAP

CPO

LIMPL

nmidBr00119.0r00188.0

nmiinrangeR

)hrmm(raterainfallr

0013.0factornattenuatiorainfallKwhere

rainfalltodue:)dB(RrKL

4

6.1

snow

2GHzrain

rainrain

f


Atmospheric Absorption of MW


Radar Eq. For Volume Target

ELAZ22

42T

GELAZ33

32T

e43

22T

V

22

V)EL(eff)AZ(eff

V

22

)EL(eff)AZ(eff

VC

SIG

V

)EL(eff)AZ(effAS22

42T

VC

DDLBR)4(32

GPN

StargetVolume

cosDBFLD2KTR)4(

GPN

StargetArea

BFLKTR)4(

GPN

StargetPoint

:Summary

cluttervolumeforfactortimprovemenMTIIMTIwhere

)hitsmultiple(Rc4

IMTIDDB2C

S

)hitone(Rc4

DDB2

P

PC

S,Finally

DDBLLR)4(32

cGPP

target,volumefromhitonefrompowerreceivedThe


Pulse Doppler RADAR



RADAR PULSE - PRF



RADAR PULSE SPECTRUM



Radar Signal Processing – Concept


Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ. RSP Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ.

SEAdesert

stormDustfarmlandAnglesChaffvegetatedInsectssnowwoodsBirdsrainmountains

vehiclesMovingWeatherLand

Radar Clutter Type


Clutter Environmental Characteristics


Clutter Radial Velocity Characteristics


clitterchaffandraingroundtoMTIcancellerdoubleaofeResponc ,,*

Clutter Spectrum Characteristics


Delay Line Canceller - MTI



Radar Waveform Ambiguity



RAR – real aperture radar

SAR – enhanced cross-range resolution by moving the ant. radar moves rapidly by A/C or Sat (SAR)

ISAR – radar is stationary, target moves rapidly

useful in formation of a/c, & analyzing the scattering of targets to reduce their reflectivity.

DBS – Doppler Beam Sharpening

Doppler resolution : ability to separate targets

at the same range, azimuth, & elevation, moving at different radial velocities.

High Resolution Radar


Radar Frequency Band

Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ. RSP Lab

Typical Weather Radar Spec.


NEXRAD WSR-88D Radar Spec.


Terminal Doppler Weather Radar Spec.


1) Radar Environment: Propagation Target Characteristics, Clutter

Characteristics Computer Modeling

2) Radar Systems: Military Radar (airborne or space based) Surveillance, Tracking Reconnaissance Seekers Multi-function Radar Remote Sensing – Imaging RadarActive Arrays, Conformal Antennas

Current Radar Technology


3) Advanced Sub-Systems:

Antennas , Transmitters/Receivers

Signal Processing , Data Processing

T/R Modules , ADC Technology

4) ECCM Techniques

Anti-jam Techniques

Jamming Effectiveness

LPI Techniques

Design for Low RCS

Active and Passive Radar Decoys

ESM Techniques



5) Processing Techniques:

Space-time Adaptive Processing

CFAR Detection Techniques

MTI/MTD

SAR/ISAR Processing , Interferometry

Target Classification, Radar Data Fusion

Polarimetric Techniques

Waveform Design

Fusion with other Sensors



Ultra-wideband Radar

Laser Radar, Optical Signal Processing/Photonics

Microwave and Millimetric Radiometry

SDR – Software Defined Radar

COTS Technologies

Radar Networks

Computer Modelling and Simulation

Performance Prediction of Radar Systems

Computer Modelling for Design

Scenario/Engagement Modelling for EW

Emerging Radar Technology


Weather Radar

Automotive Radar

Detection of Mines and other Buried Objects

Perimeter or Border Security

Air Traffic Monitoring and Control

Airport Surveillance

HF Radar

Meterological Radars

Dual-Use Radar Technology


DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY IN RADAR

ADVANTAGES:

- POTENTIAL TO PERFORMING ALL RADAR PROCESSING

FUNCTION IN REAL-TIME

- MORE INTELLIGENT, STABLE, MODULAR, VERSATILE,

PROGRAMMABLE FEATURES

DEVICE TREND:

- VLSI, VHSIC, VHPIC, ASIC

- GaAs GIGAHERTZ LOGIC

- FAST MEMORY AND ECL GATE ARRAY

- ULTRA HIGH SPEED A/D AND D/A

- PROGRAMMABLE GIGAFLOP DSP(COTS)

- NEW ALGORITHM BASED ARCHITECTURE



ADVANCED RADAR TECHIQUE

- MULTI-MODE SIGNAL PROCESSING

- GIGA-FLOPS VHSIC/VHPIC

- ADAPTIVE ARRAY AND ECCM

- ISAR AND IMAGING

- LPI AND ANTI-ARM

- ANTI-STEALTH

- ADAPTABILITY

- HIGH DIRECTIVITY AND HIGH RESOLUTION

- MULTI-DIMENSIONAL PROCESSING

- TARGET CLASSIFICATION AND IDENTIFICATION

- FIELDABILITY



Airborne Radar Applications








Spaceborne SAR Applications


Why Spaceborne SAR

Periodic Update Over Wide AreaGlobal Coverage, Legal Access All Weather, Day or Night Right Time, Right Access

Periodic Update Over Wide AreaGlobal Coverage, Legal Access All Weather, Day or Night Right Time, Right Access


Airborne SAR

All Weather, Day or Night Imaging Sensor All Weather, Day or Night Imaging Sensor

SAR Sensor

Spaceborne SAR

0

20

40

60

80

100

12-2 3-5 6-8 9-11

Prob. Of Cloud [%]

Prob. of Cloud in K. Peninsula

UAV SAR

600-800 km

10-20 km


History of SAR (I)

1988 : Generation of Electomagnetic Wave by Hertz1903 : Ship collision avoidance radar by Hulsmeyer, Germany1922 : Radar detection and tracking of ship by Marconi, Italy First CW radar system by A.H. Taylor, NRL, USA1934 : First airborne radar system ny R.M.Page, NRL, USA Radar systems for tracking & detection of aircraft by UK, Ger.1945 : First operational system during Word War II, USA, UK, Ger.

1951 : Principles of SAR by Carl Wiley, Goodyear Aircraft Co., USA “ The reflections from two fixed targets at an angular separation relative to the velocity vector could be resolved by Doppler frequency analysis of the along-track spectrum”

1953 : First focused strip map SAR by University of Illinois1958 : Operational airborne SAR, University of Michigan (ERIM)1964 : Single polarized X band SAR by ERIM1974 : L band SAR system by JPL, NASA

1988 : Generation of Electomagnetic Wave by Hertz1903 : Ship collision avoidance radar by Hulsmeyer, Germany1922 : Radar detection and tracking of ship by Marconi, Italy First CW radar system by A.H. Taylor, NRL, USA1934 : First airborne radar system ny R.M.Page, NRL, USA Radar systems for tracking & detection of aircraft by UK, Ger.1945 : First operational system during Word War II, USA, UK, Ger.

1951 : Principles of SAR by Carl Wiley, Goodyear Aircraft Co., USA “ The reflections from two fixed targets at an angular separation relative to the velocity vector could be resolved by Doppler frequency analysis of the along-track spectrum”

1953 : First focused strip map SAR by University of Illinois1958 : Operational airborne SAR, University of Michigan (ERIM)1964 : Single polarized X band SAR by ERIM1974 : L band SAR system by JPL, NASA


Spaceborne SAR1962 : First L band Lunar sounding radar in the four rocket experiment at the White Sand, New Mexico, JPL, NASA1975 : Approval of Seasat mission, JPL/ NASA, ERIM1978 : Seasat – First spaceborne SAR by NASA (100 days mission–power failure)

1981 : SIR-A Shuttle Imaging Radar A1984 : SIR-B1993, 1994 : SIR-C/X

Planetary Radar/SAR1967 : Map of Venus using radar interferometry, NASA1972 : Venus Orbiting Imaging Radar (VOIR) using SAR, USA1982 : Modified VOIR – Venus Radar Mapper renamed Magellan, USA1983 : Venera 16 – Mission to Venus, USSR

Spaceborne SAR1962 : First L band Lunar sounding radar in the four rocket experiment at the White Sand, New Mexico, JPL, NASA1975 : Approval of Seasat mission, JPL/ NASA, ERIM1978 : Seasat – First spaceborne SAR by NASA (100 days mission–power failure)

1981 : SIR-A Shuttle Imaging Radar A1984 : SIR-B1993, 1994 : SIR-C/X

Planetary Radar/SAR1967 : Map of Venus using radar interferometry, NASA1972 : Venus Orbiting Imaging Radar (VOIR) using SAR, USA1982 : Modified VOIR – Venus Radar Mapper renamed Magellan, USA1983 : Venera 16 – Mission to Venus, USSR

History of SAR (II)


Resolution Example : RAR Case 1 : C-band(5.3GHz) Airborne flying at 1km altitude, 10 m antenna long, 5km slant range --> 30m Case 2 : C-band(5.3GHz) Spaceborne ERS at 800km altitude

10 m antenna long, 900 km slant range --> 5 km

Resolution Example : RAR Case 1 : C-band(5.3GHz) Airborne flying at 1km altitude, 10 m antenna long, 5km slant range --> 30m Case 2 : C-band(5.3GHz) Spaceborne ERS at 800km altitude

10 m antenna long, 900 km slant range --> 5 km

Radar and SAR ?

Radar : RAdio Detection And Ranging: - Target information on presence, position, velocity, tracking

RAR : Real Aperture Radar : coarse image - Possible to achieve fine resolution in range direction, - Targets in azimuth beam can not be resolved precisely (DBS)

SAR : Synthetic Aperture Radar : fine imaging - Fine resolution in both range and azimuth directions precisely can be achieved , independent of detection range.

ISAR : Inverse SAR fine target signature

Radar : RAdio Detection And Ranging: - Target information on presence, position, velocity, tracking

RAR : Real Aperture Radar : coarse image - Possible to achieve fine resolution in range direction, - Targets in azimuth beam can not be resolved precisely (DBS)

SAR : Synthetic Aperture Radar : fine imaging - Fine resolution in both range and azimuth directions precisely can be achieved , independent of detection range.

ISAR : Inverse SAR fine target signature


– Range c /2B sin( Wide Bandwidth )– Azimuth RDsyn (Beam Synthesis )

Antenna Length D

Beamwidth

Point

Synthesized Antenna Length

Beamwidth

Image

RAR RAR SARSAR

SAR – Synthetic Principle

Resolution

RD D

Dsyn


Spaceborne SAR Technology Trend

SeasatSeasat

SIR-C/XSIR-C/X

ERS-1ERS-1

RadarsatRadarsat

Light SAR

Light SAR

ROK-SARROK-SAR

1980 1990 1995 2000

JERS-1JERS-1- L 밴드 , 고정빔- 해상도 : 25m- 1978, USA

대형 고가

- L/C/X 밴드- 해상도 : 25m- 우주왕복선 탑재- 1981/84/94, NASA

- C 밴드 , 빔조향- 해상도 : 10m- 1995 / 2001, CSA

- C 밴드 , 고정빔- 해상도 : 25m- 1991/95, ESA

- L 밴드 , 고정빔- 해상도 : 18m- 1992, NASDA

- L 밴드 , 빔조향- 해상도 : 3m급- 2002, NASA

- X 밴드 , 전자빔 조향- 고해상도- 200?, ROK

(년도 )

System Trend :Faster, Better, Smaller, Cheaper( 소형 , 경량 , 저가 , 고성능 )

System Trend :Faster, Better, Smaller, Cheaper( 소형 , 경량 , 저가 , 고성능 )

Technology Trend :Multi-FrequencyMulti-PolarizationHigh ResolutionOn-board Processing

Technology Trend :Multi-FrequencyMulti-PolarizationHigh ResolutionOn-board Processing


Spaceborne SAR system

항목 장비명 ERS-1/2 Radarsat IALMAZ-1 LACROSSE PALSAR

해상도 (m) 25 10-100 10-100 3-100

관측폭 (km) 100 50-500 70-250 15-250

임무고도 (km) 785 792 700 600

입사각 (도 ) 24 17-50 20-55 20-52

발사 /수명 91&95/3 95/ 5 ‘02 /3-5 ‘02/ 5

보유국가 유럽 캐나다 일본 미국

LightSAR

15

20-45

280

30-60

91 / 2.5

러시아

1-2

-

500-700

-

88,91,97/5

미국

주파수 C C L L

편파 V V H H Full Full

S

H H

X

-

형상

운용목적 과학탐사 상용 정찰 , 상용 민수용과학탐사 정찰용


SEASAT: First Spaceborne SAR (NASA, USA)


ERS –1/2 European Remote Sensing Sat. (ESA)


PALSAR – Phased Array L-band SAR (2002, Japan)


주관 : CSA, MDA ( 캐나다 )발사 : 2003 예정임무 : Radarsat-1 후속 운용 , 수명 7 년센서 : C- 밴드 SAR, Full Polarization 12-100MHz Bandwidth 200Gbit SSR, 400Mbps 2x105Mbps 데이터 링크 안테나 : 15 x 1.4m, TR module (750kg) 관측범위 : 10km - 500km

Beam mode coverage ResolutionStandard 100km 25x28mWide 150km 25x28mFine 50km 10x9mScanSAR 500km 100x100m

Polarimetry Std QP 25km 25x28mFine QP 25km 11x9m

Single Pol Ultra fine 20km 3x3m

Radarsat-2: Canadian SAR Satellite(2002, CSA)


Lacrosse : Reconnaissance SAR (USA)


SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) – NASA, USA


주관 : NASA/JPL, NIMA, DLR( 미국 , 독일 )발사 : 2000. 2. 11 17:43 GMT임무시간 : 11 일 5 시간 38 분임무 : Global DTM 3 차원 맵 (Interferometry) 60m baseline 안테나 마스터 설치관측범위 : 북위 +60 ~ -56 도 , 225km swath센서 : C-band, X-band SAR 고도정확도 : 20m( 수평 ), 10m( 수직 )성과 : 지구표면의 80% DEM 자료 획득

SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission)


SAR Frequency Characteristics

100 m

1.0 0.3 0.1 0.03 0.01파장 , m

Ski

n D

ept

h

1 mm

10 mm

10 cm

1 m

10 m 수분함류량

(%)0

1-2

2-10

10-20

108 109 1010

1011

주파수 , Hz

Sea Water

Very Wet Soils

Average Moist Loams

Dry Soils

Dry Sand and Very Poor

Soils

BAND L C X


광학 영상숲 투과 / 도로 탐지철 구조물 반사

전자파 투과특성 전천후 / 야간 감시 전자파 반사특성

구름 투과 (SAR 영상 )

영상 해상도해상도 이하의 표적탐지 은폐물 투과 특성

< 영국남부 해

안 지

역 >

SAR Sensor 특성


SAR/EO Image Comparison

SAR 영상SAR 영상EO 영상EO 영상 미국 워싱턴 공항 지역미국 워싱턴 공항 지역


영상 소요자영상 소요자

임무관제소임무관제소

지상수신처리소지상수신처리소

영상획득요구

영상획득

명령 전송 자료전송

영상정보

임무계획 수립임무계획 수립

임무 관제임무 관제자료수신처리자료수신처리

영상정보처리영상정보처리

정보 분석 / 전파

긴급임무

위기감시긴급정찰재난감시표적감시

우선임무

환경오염해난사고기름유출국경감시

평시임무

자원관리 /국토개발농작물 /산림분포

해안선감시

SAR Operational Concept


군사응용 분야 민수응용 분야 과학응용 분야 지표면 탐사 지도 작성 생태계 연구 산림황폐화 연구 해양 연구

자연재해 감시 공해 /환경 감시 자원 관리 해안 감시 농업 /산림 분포

국경지역 감시 군사시설 탐지 군사 표적 이동 함정 /선박 탐지 표적 식별 입체지도 작성

SAR Applications

영상 레이다는 범 국가적인 민군 겸용의 광범위한 응용분야


• 국토개발 / 자원관리– 농작물 / 산림 분포 분석– 광산 개발 / 지질 탐사

• 위기감시 / 환경감시– 홍수 / 태풍 / 산불– 환경오염 / 해양오염

Copyright ESA

<강변의 홍수지역 , ERS 영상 > <해안기름 유출 , RADARSAT 영상 >

Copyright CSA

<미국의 지진지역 , ERS 영상 > < 영국해안의 조수변화 , ERS 영상 >

Copyright ADD

<브라질 산림벌목 , ERS 영상 >

Copyright ADD

<영국의 광산지역 , ERS 영상 >

Copyright ADD

< 서울 , Radarsat 영상 >

<농작물 작황분석 , ERS 영상 >

CopyrightADD

SAR Applications – Typical Example


ROK-SAR System Configuration


SAR Image Application - Seoul

Radarsat 영상

획득일시 : 1997/12/08 18:36 빔 모 드 : Fine 5 입 사 각 : 46.357º 해 상 도 : 9m 화소크기 : 6.25m x 6.25m

Radarsat 영상

획득일시 : 1997/12/08 18:36 빔 모 드 : Fine 5 입 사 각 : 46.357º 해 상 도 : 9m 화소크기 : 6.25m x 6.25m

SAR 입체영상 (Stereo) 처리

– SAR 위성간섭영상 (Interferometry) 처리– 표적변화 / 탐지– 표적 식별 / 분류– Geometric 교정– Radiometric 교정– Geocoding– 영상 Masaicking

SAR 입체영상 (Stereo) 처리

– SAR 위성간섭영상 (Interferometry) 처리– 표적변화 / 탐지– 표적 식별 / 분류– Geometric 교정– Radiometric 교정– Geocoding– 영상 Masaicking


SAR Stereo Image

Radarsat 영상 (F1, F5) 을 입체처리하여 생성한 수지표고모델 (DEM) 을 3 차원으로 구성하고 정사영상 (ORI) 을 그위에 표현 (3 차원 원근도시법 ) 상대고도 정확도 : 10m 정도

Radarsat 영상 (F1, F5) 을 입체처리하여 생성한 수지표고모델 (DEM) 을 3 차원으로 구성하고 정사영상 (ORI) 을 그위에 표현 (3 차원 원근도시법 ) 상대고도 정확도 : 10m 정도

Antenna 1 Antenna 2

SAME SIDE

Antenna 1 Antenna 2

OPPOSITE SIDE

3차원 지형도시 (서울 관악산 )3차원 지형도시 (서울 관악산 ) 영상획득을 위한 Geometry영상획득을 위한 Geometry

Documents

Prof. Y Kwag@RSP-Lab Hankuk Aviation Univ. Radar and SAR Principles and Applications 최신 레이다 추세 와 활용 곽 영 길 교수 전자 정보통신 컴퓨터 공학부 항공전자연구소