LOGO

Profil Perikanan Indonesia & Dunia

Suadi, Ph.D.

Lab. Sosial Ekonomi Perikanan Jurusan Perikanan UGM E-mail: suadi@ugm.ac.id http://suadi.staff.ugm.ac.id

Definisi v Perikanan adalah semua kegiatan yang

berhubungan dengan pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan sumber daya ikan dan lingkungannya mulai dari praproduksi, produksi, pengolahan sampai dengan pemasaran, yang dilaksanakan dalam suatu sistem bisnis perikanan. (UU Perikanan 45/2009)

v a fishery refers to the interaction of human harvest activities, environmental conditions, and the population dynamics associated with one or more species of fish (Hackett 2006).

Sistem Perikanan

Faktor eksternal

seperti perubahan iklim Faktor eksternal seperti kebijakan pemerintah

Kebijakan dan Perencanaan

Pengelolaan

perikanan

Pengemba-

ngan

perikanan Penelitian

perikanan

Faktor eksternal seperti kebijakan ekonomi makro, struktur pasar, dll

Pemukiman

dan

komunitas

Pasca

Panen &

pasar

Nelayan

dan sarana

penangkapan ikan

Sumber: Widodo dan Suadi 2006, modifikasi dari Charles 2001

Sumber: SOFIA 2014

Sumber: SOFIA 2010, 2014

Sumber: SOFIA 2014

Sumber: SOFIA 2010, 2014

Annual growth rate Aquaculture vs agriculture

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

1970-1979

1980-1989

1990-1999

2000-2009 Meat

Milk

Eggs

Cereals

Fruit

Vegetables

Aquaculture

%

Source: Slide from Vannuccini, 2011

Harga pangan terus melambung

Sumber: SOFIA 2014

Produksi Perikanan Indonesia

PRODUKSI HASIL PERIKANAN 2006 - 2010

4.81 5.04 5.00 5.11 5.38

2.68 3.19 3.86

4.71 5.48

7.49 8.24

8.86 9.82

10.86

-

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Capture Fisheries Aquaculture Fisheries Total Production (MT)

PDB Perikanan

Permintaan ikan dunia

Sumber: Josupeit and Franz 2003

Utilization of fish production and per capita fish supply

Sumber: SOFIA 2014

Fish Exports in Value (2004)

Others21%

Shrimp16%

Freshwater2%Tuna

9%Salmon

9%

Small pelagics7%

Groundfish15%

Cephalopods5%

Molluscs (other)

5%

Fishmeal3%

Fish oil1%

Crustaceans (others)

7%

Sumber: Josupeit 2006

Perikanan mendominasi ekspor produk pangan

Perikanan = komoditas ekspor

Source: SOFIA 2008, 2012, 2014

1985

1995

2005

1989

1999

2009

1991

2001

2011

EKSPOR HASIL PERIKANAN 2006 - 2010

926,477 854,329

911,674 881,413

1,109,495

2,103,472 2,258,920

2,699,683 2,466,201

2,860,000

1,500,000

2,500,000

3,500,000

4,500,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

US$ BILLION MT

Volume (MT) Value (US$ Billion)

EKSPOR KOMODITAS UTAMA, 2010

145,092 122,450

622,932

21,537

191,564

1,056,399

383,230

898,039

208,424 317,738

0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

Shrimp Tuna, skipjack

Other fish Crab Other

Volume (MT) Value (US$ Billion)

Source: Deperindag online21

Fisheries as the main agricultural export commodities

Ekspor komoditas pangan Indonesia

Source:Deperindagonline

NegaratujuaneksporprodukperikananIndonesia

22 Suadi – Japan-Indonesia Fisheries - IASA 2008

Japanasthemainpartner

Indonesia’sfisheriesexportperformance,1962-2007

Source:UNComtradeSITCRev.1code03 23

Indonesian Shrimps Export Strategies24

Suadi – Japan-Indonesia Fisheries -

IASA 2008

Tantangan Supply/Stok Sumberdaya Ikan

Perikanan Tangkap menurun laju pertumbuhannya!

SOFIA 2012

Period

Production Fishers Fishing vessels Productivity

Average(ton)

Growth(%)

Average(people)

Growth(%)

Average(units)

　Growth

(%)

Motorized boat Fishers Vessels

(%) Growth(%)

(ton/fishers)

Growth (%)

(ton/vessels)

Growth(%)

1951-1955 375,200 6.2 389,200 9.4 97,340 11.6 0.5 57.1 1.0 -3.0 3.9 -4.8

1956-1960 413,400 -0.4 619,000 12.6 154,220 6.9 1.2 17.7 0.7 -11.5 2.7 -6.8

1961-1965 574,600 5.9 859,000 2.6 219,940 4.8 2.9 10.2 0.7 3.2 2.6 1.1

1966-1970 734,800 2.9 866,500 　n.a. 266,342 5.4 2.7 -12.2 0.8 　n.a. 2.8 -2.4

1971-1975 898,200 5.0 n.a. 　n.a. 270,024 -2.5 4.3 23.4 　n.a. 　n.a. 3.4 7.7

1976-1980 1,236,000 6.6 910,571 8.0 254,029 2.8 10.9 23.5 1.4 -1.3 4.9 3.7

1981-1985 1,623,200 6.7 1,279,102 2.4 306,664 1.7 28.0 6.4 1.3 4.2 5.3 4.9

1986-1990 2,150,347 5.4 1,427,071 2.9 318,095 0.0 31.1 0.0 1.5 2.4 6.0 3.4

1991-1995 2,897,800 6.7 1,814,857 4.7 380,805 -0.8 36.5 3.2 1.6 2.0 7.6 3.3

1996-2000 3,642,200 3.0 2,262,590 4.9 427,948 1.8 44.9 5.2 1.6 -1.8 8.5 1.0

2001-2005 4,230,356 2.7 2,370,315 -5.3 512,443 4.4 60.2 13.0 1.7 4.4 8.3 -1.6

Fisheries toward a limits on growth

27 Sources: Calculated from various series of Fisheries Statistics, Krisnandhi 1967

GRAFIK TARGET LAJU PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI PERIKANAN BUDIDAYA 2005-2014

Pencapaian Target

Produksi (Juta Ton)

Ekspor - Impor Perikanan (US$)

0

50,000,000

100,000,000

150,000,000

200,000,000

250,000,000

0

500,000,000

1,000,000,000

1,500,000,000

2,000,000,000

2,500,000,000

3,000,000,000

Fish Export Fish Import

NILAI IMPOR HASIL PERIKANAN 2006 - 2010

184,240 145,227

280,179 331,893

369,282 165,720

142,750

267,659 300,261

391,815

50,000

150,000

250,000

350,000

450,000

50,000

200,000

350,000

500,000

650,000

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

US$ Billion MT

Volume (MT) Value (US$ Billion)

Importir Ikan di Indonesia

4% 0%

8% 3%

27%

7%

1%

6% 1% 3%

1% 1%

4%

14%

3% 8%

9%

Japan

Hongkong

Rep of Korea

Taiwan

China

Thailand

Singapura

Malaysia

Myanmar

Vietnam

India

Pakistan

Australia

USA

Chile