ProgramaDe

Actividades

❳■■ ❋▼❙ ✶

Pr♦❣r❛♠❛ ❞❡❧ ❳■■ ❋♦r♦ ❞❡ ▼❛t❡♠át✐❝❛s ❞❡❧ ❙✉r❡st❡❯♥✐✈❡rs✐❞❛❞ ❏✉ár❡③ ❆✉tó♥♦♠❛ ❞❡ ❚❛❜❛s❝♦

❉✐✈✐s✐ó♥ ❆❝❛❞é♠✐❝❛ ❞❡ ❈✐❡♥❝✐❛s ❇ás✐❝❛s

✾ ❛❧ ✶✸ ❞❡ ❙❡♣t✐❡♠❜r❡ ✷✵✶✾

P❧❡♥❛r✐❛s

P❧❡♥❛r✐❛ ✶✳ ❊❝✉❛❝✐♦♥❡s ❞✐❢❡r❡♥❝✐❛❧❡s ♣❛r❝✐❛❧❡s ② ❛✉t♦♦r❣❛♥✐✲

③❛❝✐ó♥

❉r✳ ❋❛✉st✐♥♦ ❙á♥❝❤❡③ ●❛r❞✉ñ♦✱ ❋❈✲❯◆❆▼

P❧❡♥❛r✐❛ ✷✳ P✉♥t♦s ❝rít✐❝♦s ② s✐♥❣✉❧❛r✐❞❛❞❡s ❞❡ ❢✉♥❝✐♦♥❡s ♣♦✲

❧✐♥♦♠✐❛❧❡s

❉r✳ ❏❡sús ❘✉♣❡rt♦ ▼✉❝✐ñ♦ ❘❛②♠✉♥❞♦✱ ❈❈▼✲

❯◆❆▼

P❧❡♥❛r✐❛ ✸✳ ▲❛ ❧❡② ❞❡ ❇❡♥❢♦r❞ ♣❛r❛ ❧❛s ♣♦t❡♥❝✐❛s ❞❡ ✷

❉r✳ ▲✉✐s ❍❡r♥á♥❞❡③ ▲❛♠♦♥❡❞❛✱ ❈■▼❆❚

P❧❡♥❛r✐❛ ✹✳ ➼❨❛ ❝❛s✐✱ ❛❤♦r❛ s♦❧♦ ❢❛❧t❛ ♣r♦❣r❛♠❛r✦ ❉❡s❛rr♦❧❧♦

❞❡ ✉♥ ♠♦❞❡❧♦ ❞❡ ✢✉✐❞♦s ❡♥ ✸❉

❉r✳ ▼✐❣✉❡❧ ➪♥❣❡❧ ❯❤ ❩❛♣❛t❛✱ ❈■▼❆❚✲▼ér✐❞❛

P❧❡♥❛r✐❛ ✺✳ ❊❝✉❛❝✐♦♥❡s ❢✉♥❝✐♦♥❛❧❡s ② ❛❧❣✉♥❛s ❞❡ s✉s ❛♣❧✐❝❛✲

❝✐♦♥❡s

❉r✳ ❏♦sé ❱✐❧❧❛ ▼♦r❛❧❡s✱ ❯❆❆

P❧❡♥❛r✐❛ ✻✳ ▼ét♦❞♦s ❜❛②❡s✐❛♥♦s ♣❛r❛ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠❛s ❞❡ ❝❧❛s✐✜❝❛✲

❝✐ó♥

❉r✳ ❘❛♠sés ❍✉♠❜❡rt♦ ▼❡♥❛ ❈❤á✈❡③✱ ■■▼❆❙✲

❯◆❆▼✲❆▼❊

❊st❛s ❝♦♥❢❡r❡♥❝✐❛s s❡ ✐♠♣❛rt✐rá♥ ❡♥ ❡❧ ❛✉❞✐t♦r✐♦ ❞❡❧ ▼✉s❡♦ ❞❡ ❈✐❡♥❝✐❛s✱

❛sí ❝♦♠♦ ❧❛ ✐♥❛✉❣✉r❛❝✐ó♥✱ ❧❛ ✐♥❢♦r♠❛❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ♣♦s❣r❛❞♦s ② ❝❧❛✉s✉r❛ ❞❡❧ ❡✈❡♥t♦✳

❳■■ ❋▼❙ ✷

Pr♦❣r❛♠❛ ❞❡❧ ❳■■ ❋♦r♦ ❞❡ ▼❛t❡♠át✐❝❛s ❞❡❧ ❙✉r❡st❡❯♥✐✈❡rs✐❞❛❞ ❏✉ár❡③ ❆✉tó♥♦♠❛ ❞❡ ❚❛❜❛s❝♦

❉✐✈✐s✐ó♥ ❆❝❛❞é♠✐❝❛ ❞❡ ❈✐❡♥❝✐❛s ❇ás✐❝❛s

✾ ❛❧ ✶✸ ❞❡ ❙❡♣t✐❡♠❜r❡ ✷✵✶✾

❈✉rs♦s ② ❚❛❧❧❡r❡s

❙❛❧ó♥ ✶

❈✉rs♦ ✶✳ ❚❡♠❛s ❞❡ ❇✐♦❧♦❣í❛ ▼❛t❡♠át✐❝❛

❉r✳ ❋❛✉st✐♥♦ ❙á♥❝❤❡③ ●❛r❞✉ñ♦✱ ❋❈✲❯◆❆▼

❈✉rs♦ ✷✳ ❚❡♦rí❛ ❞❡ ▼♦rs❡ ② ◆✉❞♦s

❉r❛✳ ❋❛❜✐♦❧❛ ▼❛♥❥❛rr❡③ ●✉t✐érr❡③✱ ■▼❆❚❊✲❯◆❆▼✲❈✉❡r♥❛✈❛❝❛

❙❛❧ó♥ ✷

❈✉rs♦ ✸✳ ❊st✉❞✐♦ ❧♦❝❛❧ ❞❡ ❝❛♠♣♦s ✈❡❝t♦r✐❛❧❡s ❡♥ C2

❉r❛✳ ❈❧❛✉❞✐❛ ❘❡②♥♦s♦ ❆❧❝á♥t❛r❛✱ ❯ ●t♦✳

❈✉rs♦ ✹✳ Pr♦❜❧❡♠❛s ❝♦♥ s✐♠❡trí❛s✳ ❯♥❛ ❜r❡✈❡ ✐♥tr♦❞✉❝❝✐ó♥ ❛ ❧❛ t❡♦rí❛ ❞❡

r❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛❝✐♦♥❡s

❉r✳ ▲✉✐s ❍❡r♥á♥❞❡③ ▲❛♠♦♥❡❞❛✱ ❈■▼❆❚

❙❛❧ó♥ ✸

❈✉rs♦ ✺✳ ❊❧ ♠ét♦❞♦ ❞❡ ❡❧❡♠❡♥t♦ ✜♥✐t♦ ♣❛r❛ ❧❛ s♦❧✉❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❡❝✉❛❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❝❛❧♦r

❉r✳ ▼✐❣✉❡❧ ➪♥❣❡❧ ❯❤ ❩❛♣❛t❛✱ ❈■▼❆❚✲▼ér✐❞❛

❊st❡ ❝✉rs♦ s❡ ✐♠♣❛rt✐rá ❡♥ ❡❧ ❧❛❜♦r❛t♦r✐♦ ❞❡ s✐st❡♠❛s ❞✐♥á♠✐❝♦s ② ❛♥á❧✐s✐s ♥✉♠ér✐❝♦ ❞❡❧ ❈■❈❚❆❚✳

❈✉rs♦ ✻✳ ❘❡❞❡s ❞❡ tr❛②❡❝t♦r✐❛s❀ ❞❡❧ ❝á❧❝✉❧♦ ❛ ❧❛ t♦♣♦❧♦❣í❛ ❝♦♠❜✐♥❛t♦r✐❛

❉r✳ ❏❡sús ❘✉♣❡rt♦ ▼✉❝✐ñ♦ ❘❛②♠✉♥❞♦✱ ❈❈▼✲❯◆❆▼

❚❛❧❧❡r ♣❛r❛ ♣r♦❢❡s♦r❡s ❞❡ ♣r❡♣❛r❛t♦r✐❛ ② s❡❝✉♥❞❛r✐❛✳ ❘❡s♦❧✉❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠❛s t✐♣♦

♦❧✐♠♣✐❛❞❛

❉r✳ ❆r♦❧❞♦ Pér❡③ Pér❡③✱ ❯❏❆❚ ❉r✳ ❏❛✐r ❘❡♠✐❣✐♦ ❏✉ár❡③✱ ❯❏❆❚▼✳❈✳ ❏♦r❣❡ ❊♥r✐q✉❡ ❱❛❧❧❡ ❈❛♥✱ ❯❏❆❚ ▼✳❈✳ ■♥❣r✐❞ ◗✉✐❧❛♥tá♥ ❖rt❡❣❛✱ ❯❏❆❚▼✳❈✳ ▲❛✉r❛ ❞❡❧ ❈❛r♠❡♥ ❙á♥❝❤❡③ ◗✉✐r♦❣❛✱ ❯❏❆❚ ❉r✳ ❆❧❡❥❛♥❞r♦ P❡r❡❣r✐♥♦ Pér❡③✱ ❯❏❆❚❉r✳ ●❛♠❛✐❡❧ ❇❧é ●♦♥③á❧❡③✱ ❯❏❆❚ ❉r✳ ❉♦♠✐♥❣♦ ●♦♥③á❧❡③ ▼❛rtí♥❡③✱ ❯❏❆❚

❉r✳ ❋r❛♥❝✐s❝♦ ❊❞✉❛r❞♦ ❈❛st✐❧❧♦ ❙❛♥t♦s✱ ❈❖◆❆❈❨❚✲❯❏❆❚

❳■■❋▼❙

✸

Pr♦❣r❛♠❛ ❞❡❧ ❳■■ ❋♦r♦ ❞❡ ▼❛t❡♠át✐❝❛s ❞❡❧ ❙✉r❡st❡❯♥✐✈❡rs✐❞❛❞ ❏✉ár❡③ ❆✉tó♥♦♠❛ ❞❡ ❚❛❜❛s❝♦

❉✐✈✐s✐ó♥ ❆❝❛❞é♠✐❝❛ ❞❡ ❈✐❡♥❝✐❛s ❇ás✐❝❛s

✾ ❛❧ ✶✸ ❞❡ ❙❡♣t✐❡♠❜r❡ ✷✵✶✾

❙❛❧ó♥ ✶

❍♦r❛ ▲✉♥❡s ▼❛rt❡s ▼✐ér❝♦❧❡s ❏✉❡✈❡s ❱✐❡r♥❡s

✾✿✵✵ ✲ ✾✿✸✵❘❡❣✐str♦

P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛ ✶ P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛ ✺ P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛ ✾

✾✿✸✵ ✲ ✶✵✿✵✵ P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛ ✷ P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛ ✻ P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛ ✶✵

✶✵✿✵✵ ✲ ✶✵✿✸✵■♥❛✉❣✉r❛❝✐ó♥

P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛ ✸ P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛ ✼ P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛ ✶✶ P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛ ✶✸

✶✵✿✸✵ ✲ ✶✶✿✵✵ P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛ ✹ P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛ ✽ P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛ ✶✷ P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛ ✶✹

✶✶✿✵✵ ✲ ✶✷✿✵✵ P❧❡♥❛r✐❛ ✶ P❧❡♥❛r✐❛ ✸ P❧❡♥❛r✐❛ ✹ P❧❡♥❛r✐❛ ✺ P❧❡♥❛r✐❛ ✻

✶✷✿✵✵ ✲ ✶✷✿✸✵ ❘ ❊ ❈ ❊ ❙ ❖

✶✷✿✸✵ ✲ ✶✸✿✸✵ P❧❡♥❛r✐❛ ✷

❈✉rs♦ ✶

❊①♣♦s✐❝✐ó♥

❞❡ ❈❛rt❡❧❡s ❈✉rs♦ ✷❈✉rs♦ ✷

✶✸✿✸✵ ✲ ✶✹✿✵✵

❈✉rs♦ ✶ ❈✉rs♦ ✷

■♥❢♦r♠❛❝✐ó♥

❞❡ P♦s❣r❛❞♦s✶✹✿✵✵ ✲ ✶✹✿✸✵❈♦♥✈✐✈✐♦

✶✹✿✸✵ ✲ ✶✺✿✵✵ ❈❧❛✉s✉r❛

❳■■ ❋▼❙ ✹

Pr♦❣r❛♠❛ ❞❡❧ ❳■■ ❋♦r♦ ❞❡ ▼❛t❡♠át✐❝❛s ❞❡❧ ❙✉r❡st❡❯♥✐✈❡rs✐❞❛❞ ❏✉ár❡③ ❆✉tó♥♦♠❛ ❞❡ ❚❛❜❛s❝♦

❉✐✈✐s✐ó♥ ❆❝❛❞é♠✐❝❛ ❞❡ ❈✐❡♥❝✐❛s ❇ás✐❝❛s

✾ ❛❧ ✶✸ ❞❡ ❙❡♣t✐❡♠❜r❡ ✷✵✶✾

P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛s ❙❛❧ó♥ ✶

P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛ ✶✳ ❆❧❣✉♥❛s ❢ór♠✉❧❛s ♣❛r❛ ❡❧ ❝♦♥t❡♦ ❞❡ ♣❛tr♦♥❡s

❆r♦❧❞♦ Pér❡③ Pér❡③✱ ❯❏❆❚P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛ ✷✳ ❱❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ❞❡ ❝♦♥t❡♦ ② s✉ ✉s♦ ♣❛r❛ r❡s♦❧✈❡r ♣r♦❜❧❡♠❛s ❞❡ ♣r♦❜❛❜✐❧✐❞❛❞

❉❛✈✐❞ ❏♦s❛❢❛t ❙❛♥t❛♥❛ ❈♦❜✐á♥✱ ❯❏❆❚P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛ ✸✳ ❉❡t❡r♠✐♥❛❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❧♦s ♣❛rá♠❡tr♦s ❞❡ ❧❛ ❧✉③ r❡✢❡❥❛❞❛ ❡♥ ✉♥❛ ✜❜r❛ ó♣t✐❝❛

♣♦r ♠❡❞✐♦ ❞❡ ❡s♣❡❝tr♦♠❡trí❛ ♣❛r❛ ❧❛ ✉❜✐❝❛❝✐ó♥ ❡♥ ❡❧ ❞✐❛❣r❛♠❛ ❈■❊

❑❛r❡♥ ❍❡r♥á♥❞❡③ ❋❡♥t❛♥❡③✱ ❯◆P❆P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛ ✹✳ ●❡♥❡r❛❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ tr❡s ♠♦❞❡❧♦s ♠❛t❡♠át✐❝♦s ❞❡ ❞✐❢r❛❝❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ♦♥❞❛s ❞❡ ❧✉③

❞❡ ❧❛s❡r ❞❡ ❍❡❧✐♦✲◆❡ó♥

❊st❡❜❛♥ ❆♥❞rés ❩ár❛t❡✱ ❯❏❆❚P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛ ✺✳ ❆❧❣✉♥❛s ♣r✉❡❜❛s ❞❡ ❡s❢❡r✐❝✐❞❛❞ ♣❛r❛ ❞❛t♦s ❣❛✉ss✐❛♥♦s ❞❡ ❞✐♠❡♥s✐ó♥ ❛❧t❛

❉✐❞✐❡r ❈♦rt❡③ ❊❧✐③❛❧❞❡✱ ❯❏❆❚P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛ ✻✳ ❈❧❛s✐✜❝❛❝✐ó♥ ♠✉❧t✐❝❛t❡❣♦rí❛ ♣❛r❛ ❞❛t♦s ❞❡ ❞✐♠❡♥s✐ó♥ ❛❧t❛

❆❞❞② ▼❛r❣❛r✐t❛ ❇♦❧í✈❛r ❈✐♠é✱ ❯❏❆❚P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛ ✼✳ ❈✐❡♥❝✐❛ ❞❡ ❞❛t♦s✱ s✐st❡♠❛s ●■❙ ② ❚■❈ ❡♥ ❡❧ P❘❊P ② P❘❊P✲❝❛s✐❧❧❛ ❞❡❧

♣r♦❝❡s♦ ❡❧❡❝t♦r❛❧ ❚❛❜❛s❝♦ ✷✵✶✼✲✷✵✶✽

❋✐❞❡❧ ❯❧í♥ ▼♦♥t❡❥♦✱ ❯❏❆❚P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛ ✽✳ P❛rt✐❝✐♣❛❝✐ó♥ ❡❧❡❝t♦r❛❧✱ s❡❣✉r✐❞❛❞ ② ❝❛❧✐❞❛❞ ❞❡ ✈✐❞❛ ❡♥ ▼é①✐❝♦

❏❛✐r ●❛❜r✐❡❧ ▼♦r❛❧❡s ❈❛♠❛r❡♥❛✱ ❯◆❆▼P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛ ✾✳ ❯♥ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠❛ ❞❡ ♣❛r♦ ó♣t✐♠♦✱ ❡❧ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠❛ ❞❡ ❧❛ s❡❝r❡t❛r✐❛

❈❛r♠❡❧♦ ❍❡r♥á♥❞❡③ ▼❛rtí♥❡③✱ ❯❏❆❚P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛ ✶✵✳ ❆♣❧✐❝❛❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❚❡♦rí❛ ❞❡ ❱❛❧♦r❡s ❊①tr❡♠♦s ❡♥ ❡❧ ❝♦♥t❡①t♦ ❞❡ ♠á①✐♠♦s

♣♦r ❜❧♦q✉❡s

▲❡♦♥❛r❞♦ ❆❧❢♦♥s♦ ▼❛rtí♥❡③ ●♦♥③á❧❡③✱ ❯❏❆❚P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛ ✶✶✳ ▲❛ ♥♦r♠❛❧✐❞❛❞ ❡♥ ❧❛ ❛♣r♦①✐♠❛❝✐ó♥ r❛❝✐♦♥❛❧ ❛s✐♠étr✐❝❛

❏♦sé ◆♦❜❡❧ ▼é♥❞❡③ ❆❧❝♦❝❡r✱ ❯◆P❆P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛ ✶✷✳ ❯♥ ♠ét♦❞♦ ❡st❛♥❞❛r✐③❛❞♦ ♣❛r❛ ❡✈❛❧✉❛r ❧í♠✐t❡s ❞❡ ❢✉♥❝✐♦♥❡s r❛❝✐♦♥❛❧❡s

r❡❛❧❡s

❏♦sé ▲❡♦♥❛r❞♦ ❙á❡♥③ ❈❡t✐♥❛✱ ❯❏❆❚P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛ ✶✸✳ ■♥t❡r♣r❡t❛❝✐ó♥ ❣❡♦♠étr✐❝❛ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❝✉r✈❛t✉r❛ ② ❧❛ t♦rs✐ó♥

▲❛✉r❛ ❞❡❧ ❈❛r♠❡♥ ❙á♥❝❤❡③ ◗✉✐r♦❣❛✱ ❯❏❆❚P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛ ✶✹✳ ❈♦♥str❛✐♥❡❞ ❞②♥❛♠✐❝s ♦❢ ❛ ♣❛rt✐❝❧❡ ♦♥ ❛♥ ♥♦♥✲❞❡❣❡♥❡r❛t❡ ❝♦♥✐❝ s❡❝t✐♦♥

❡①♣r❡ss❡❞ ❛s ❛ q✉❛❞r❛t✐❝ ♣♦❧②♥♦♠✐❛❧ ❡q✉❛t✐♦♥

❏❛✐♠❡ ▼❛♥✉❡❧ ❈❛❜r❡r❛✱ ❯❏❆❚

❳■■❋▼❙

✺

Pr♦❣r❛♠❛ ❞❡❧ ❳■■ ❋♦r♦ ❞❡ ▼❛t❡♠át✐❝❛s ❞❡❧ ❙✉r❡st❡❯♥✐✈❡rs✐❞❛❞ ❏✉ár❡③ ❆✉tó♥♦♠❛ ❞❡ ❚❛❜❛s❝♦

❉✐✈✐s✐ó♥ ❆❝❛❞é♠✐❝❛ ❞❡ ❈✐❡♥❝✐❛s ❇ás✐❝❛s

✾ ❛❧ ✶✸ ❞❡ ❙❡♣t✐❡♠❜r❡ ✷✵✶✾

❙❛❧ó♥ ✷

❍♦r❛ ▲✉♥❡s ▼❛rt❡s ▼✐ér❝♦❧❡s ❏✉❡✈❡s ❱✐❡r♥❡s

✾✿✵✵ ✲ ✾✿✸✵❘❡❣✐str♦

P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛ ✶

❈✉rs♦ ✹ ❈✉rs♦ ✹

❈✉rs♦ ✹✾✿✸✵ ✲ ✶✵✿✵✵ P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛ ✷

❄ ✶✵✿✵✵ ✲ ✶✵✿✸✵■♥❛✉❣✉r❛❝✐ó♥

P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛ ✸ P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛ ✶✶

✶✵✿✸✵ ✲ ✶✶✿✵✵ P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛ ✹ P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛ ✶✷

✶✶✿✵✵ ✲ ✶✷✿✵✵ P❧❡♥❛r✐❛ ✶ P❧❡♥❛r✐❛ ✸ P❧❡♥❛r✐❛ ✹ P❧❡♥❛r✐❛ ✺ P❧❡♥❛r✐❛ ✻

✶✷✿✵✵ ✲ ✶✷✿✸✵ ❘ ❊ ❈ ❊ ❙ ❖

✶✷✿✸✵ ✲ ✶✸✿✵✵P❧❡♥❛r✐❛ ✷

❈✉rs♦ ✸

❊①♣♦s✐❝✐ó♥

❞❡ ❈❛rt❡❧❡s

P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛ ✽ P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛ ✶✸

✶✸✿✵✵ ✲ ✶✸✿✸✵ P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛ ✾ P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛ ✶✹

✶✸✿✸✵ ✲ ✶✹✿✵✵

❈✉rs♦ ✸

P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛ ✺ P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛ ✶✵ ■♥❢♦r♠❛❝✐ó♥

❞❡ P♦s❣r❛❞♦s✶✹✿✵✵ ✲ ✶✹✿✸✵ P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛ ✻❈♦♥✈✐✈✐♦

✶✹✿✸✵ ✲ ✶✺✿✵✵ P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛ ✼ ❈❧❛✉s✉r❛

❳■■ ❋▼❙ ✻

Pr♦❣r❛♠❛ ❞❡❧ ❳■■ ❋♦r♦ ❞❡ ▼❛t❡♠át✐❝❛s ❞❡❧ ❙✉r❡st❡❯♥✐✈❡rs✐❞❛❞ ❏✉ár❡③ ❆✉tó♥♦♠❛ ❞❡ ❚❛❜❛s❝♦

❉✐✈✐s✐ó♥ ❆❝❛❞é♠✐❝❛ ❞❡ ❈✐❡♥❝✐❛s ❇ás✐❝❛s

✾ ❞❡ ❆❣♦st♦ ❛❧ ✶✸ ❞❡ ❙❡♣t✐❡♠❜r❡ ✷✵✶✾

P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛s ❙❛❧ó♥ ✷

P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛ ✶✳ ❍♦♠♦❧♦❣í❛ ❝ú❜✐❝❛ ② ❞✐♥á♠✐❝❛

❨❡s❡♥✐❛ ❩❛♣❛t❛ ●ó♠❡③✱ ❯❏❆❚P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛ ✷✳ ❚r❡♥③❛s ♠❛t❡♠át✐❝❛s

❏❛✐r ❘❡♠✐❣✐♦ ❏✉ár❡③✱ ❯❏❆❚P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛ ✸✳ ❊❧ ❡s♣❛❝✐♦ ❧✐♥❡❛❧ ❞❡ ❧❛s ❢✉♥❝✐♦♥❡s ♣✲❛r♠ó♥✐❝❛s ❢r❛❝❝✐♦♥❛r✐❛s ❡s ❞❡♥s♦

❡♥ ❡❧ ❡s♣❛❝✐♦ ❞❡ ❧❛s ❢✉♥❝✐♦♥❡s s✉❛✈❡s

❏♦sé ❱✐❧❧❛ ▼♦r❛❧❡s✱ ❯❆❆P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛ ✹✳ ❈❛♦s ❡♥ ❡❧ ♣❧❛♥♦

❏♦r❣❡ ▲✉✐s ❘❛♠♦s ❈❛st❡❧❧❛♥♦✱ ❯❏❆❚P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛ ✺✳ ❇✐❢✉r❝❛❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ◆❡✐♠❛r❦✲❙❛❝❦❡r ❡♥ ♠♦❞❡❧♦s ✐♥tr❛❣r❡♠✐❛❧❡s

▼✐❣✉❡❧ ➪♥❣❡❧ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❘♦s❛ ❈❛st✐❧❧♦✱ ❈❖◆❆❈❨❚✲❯❏❆❚P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛ ✻✳ ❯♥ ♠♦❞❡❧♦ ❞❡ tr❛t❛♠✐❡♥t♦ ❞❡❧ ❝á♥❝❡r ♣♦r r❛❞✐♦t❡r❛♣✐❛

▼✐r♥❛ ❱❛❧❡♥③✉❡❧❛ ❉♦♠í♥❣✉❡③✱ ❯❏❆❚P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛ ✼✳ ❊❧ ♥ú♠❡r♦ r❡♣r♦❞✉❝t✐✈♦ ❜ás✐❝♦ R0 ❡♥ ❧❛ ❡♣✐❞❡♠✐♦❧♦❣í❛ ♠❛t❡♠át✐❝❛

❆❧❡❥❛♥❞r♦ P❡r❡❣r✐♥♦ Pér❡③✱ ❯❏❆❚P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛ ✽✳ ▲❛s ❧❡②❡s ❞❡ ❑❡♣❧❡r ❞❡❧ ♠♦✈✐♠✐❡♥t♦ ♣❧❛♥❡t❛r✐♦

▲✉✐s ❨❛✐r ▼❡③❛ Pér❡③✱ ❯❏❆❚P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛ ✾✳ P♦③♦ ❝✐r❝✉❧❛r ✐♥✜♥✐t♦ ❝✉á♥t✐❝♦

❏♦r❣❡ ❆❧❡❥❛♥❞r♦ ❇❡r♥❛❧ ❆rr♦②♦✱ ❯❏❆❚P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛ ✶✵✳ ❘❡s♦❧✉❝✐ó♥ ♥✉♠ér✐❝❛ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❡❝✉❛❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ P♦✐ss♦♥ ❡♥ ✷❉

❏✉st✐♥♦ ❆❧❛✈❡③ ❘❛♠ír❡③✱ ❯❏❆❚P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛ ✶✶✳ ❈♦♠♣❛r❛❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❛❧❣✉♥♦s ♠ét♦❞♦s ♣❛r❛ ❡st✐♠❛r ♣♦r ✐♥t❡r✈❛❧♦ ❧♦s

♣❛rá♠❡tr♦s ❞❡ ❧❛ ❞✐str✐❜✉❝✐ó♥ ❣❛♠♠❛ ❜✐♣❛r❛♠étr✐❝❛

❊❞✐❧❜❡rt♦ ◆á❥❡r❛ ❘❛♥❣❡❧✱ ❯❏❆❚P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛ ✶✷✳ ●r❛✜❝❛♥❞♦ ❢✉♥❝✐♦♥❡s r❡❛❧❡s ❝♦♥ ❖❝t❛✈❡

❏✉st✐♥♦ ❆❧❛✈❡③ ❘❛♠ír❡③✱ ❯❏❆❚P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛ ✶✸✳ ❱❡r ② ♦ír ❧❛s ♠❛t❡♠át✐❝❛s

❊ré♥❞✐r❛ ▼✉♥❣✉í❛ ❱✐❧❧❛♥✉❡✈❛✱ ❯◆P❆P♦♥❡♥❝✐❛ ✶✹✳ ❋r❛❝❝✐♦♥❡s ❞❡ ✐♦♥✐③❛❝✐ó♥ ❡♥ ❡q✉✐❧✐❜r✐♦ ❞❡ ♣❛rtí❝✉❧❛s ❡♥ ❡❧ ♠❛t❡r✐❛❧

❡②❡❝t❛❞♦ ♣♦r ✉♥ ◆ú❝❧❡♦ ●❛❧á❝t✐❝♦ ❆❝t✐✈♦✿ ❙♦❧✉❝✐♦♥❛♥❞♦ ✉♥ s✐st❡♠❛

❞❡ ❡❝✉❛❝✐♦♥❡s ❛❧❣❡❜r❛✐❝❛s ♥♦ ❧✐♥❡❛❧❡s

❋r❛♥❝✐s❝♦ ❘❡♥❞ó♥ ❆❝♦st❛✱ ❯◆P❆

❳■■❋▼❙

✼

Pr♦❣r❛♠❛ ❞❡❧ ❳■■ ❋♦r♦ ❞❡ ▼❛t❡♠át✐❝❛s ❞❡❧ ❙✉r❡st❡❯♥✐✈❡rs✐❞❛❞ ❏✉ár❡③ ❆✉tó♥♦♠❛ ❞❡ ❚❛❜❛s❝♦

❉✐✈✐s✐ó♥ ❆❝❛❞é♠✐❝❛ ❞❡ ❈✐❡♥❝✐❛s ❇ás✐❝❛s

✾ ❛❧ ✶✸ ❞❡ ❙❡♣t✐❡♠❜r❡ ✷✵✶✾

❙❛❧ó♥ ✸

❍♦r❛ ▲✉♥❡s ▼❛rt❡s ▼✐ér❝♦❧❡s ❏✉❡✈❡s ❱✐❡r♥❡s

✾✿✵✵ ✲ ✶✵✿✵✵ ❘❡❣✐str♦ ❈✉rs♦ ✺

✶✵✿✵✵ ✲ ✶✶✿✵✵ ■♥❛✉❣✉r❛❝✐ó♥ ❈✉rs♦ ✻

✶✶✿✵✵ ✲ ✶✷✿✵✵ P❧❡♥❛r✐❛ ✶ P❧❡♥❛r✐❛ ✸ P❧❡♥❛r✐❛ ✹ P❧❡♥❛r✐❛ ✺ P❧❡♥❛r✐❛ ✻

✶✷✿✵✵ ✲ ✶✷✿✸✵ ❘ ❊ ❈ ❊ ❙ ❖

✶✷✿✸✵ ✲ ✶✸✿✸✵ P❧❡♥❛r✐❛ ✷❚❛❧❧❡r✿ ❘❡s♦❧✉❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ Pr♦❜❧❡♠❛s ❚✐♣♦ ❖❧✐♠♣✐❛❞❛

✶✸✿✸✵ ✲ ✶✹✿✵✵

✶✹✿✵✵ ✲ ✶✹✿✸✵❈♦♥✈✐✈✐♦

✶✹✿✸✵ ✲ ✶✺✿✵✵ ❈❧❛✉s✉r❛

❳■■ ❋▼❙ ✽

Pr♦❣r❛♠❛ ❞❡❧ ❳■■ ❋♦r♦ ❞❡ ▼❛t❡♠át✐❝❛s ❞❡❧ ❙✉r❡st❡

❯♥✐✈❡rs✐❞❛❞ ❏✉ár❡③ ❆✉tó♥♦♠❛ ❞❡ ❚❛❜❛s❝♦

❉✐✈✐s✐ó♥ ❆❝❛❞é♠✐❝❛ ❞❡ ❈✐❡♥❝✐❛s ❇ás✐❝❛s

✾ ❛❧ ✶✸ ❞❡ ❙❡♣t✐❡♠❜r❡ ✷✵✶✾

❙❛❧♦♥❡s ❏✉❝❤✐♠❛t❡s❙❛❧ó♥ ✹

❍♦r❛ ▲✉♥❡s ▼❛rt❡s ▼✐ér❝♦❧❡s ❏✉❡✈❡s ❱✐❡r♥❡s

✾✿✵✵ ✲ ✾✿✺✵ ❚❛❧❧❡r ✶

✾✿✺✵ ✲ ✶✵✿✹✵ ❚❛❧❧❡r ✷

✶✵✿✹✵ ✲ ✶✶✿✶✵ ❘ ❊ ❈ ❊ ❙ ❖

✶✶✿✶✵ ✲ ✶✷✿✵✵ ❚❛❧❧❡r ✸

❙❛❧ó♥ ✺❍♦r❛ ▲✉♥❡s ▼❛rt❡s ▼✐ér❝♦❧❡s ❏✉❡✈❡s ❱✐❡r♥❡s

✾✿✵✵ ✲ ✾✿✺✵ ❚❛❧❧❡r ✷

✾✿✺✵ ✲ ✶✵✿✹✵ ❚❛❧❧❡r ✸

✶✵✿✹✵ ✲ ✶✶✿✶✵ ❘ ❊ ❈ ❊ ❙ ❖

✶✶✿✶✵ ✲ ✶✷✿✵✵ ❚❛❧❧❡r ✶

❙❛❧ó♥ ✻❍♦r❛ ▲✉♥❡s ▼❛rt❡s ▼✐ér❝♦❧❡s ❏✉❡✈❡s ❱✐❡r♥❡s

✾✿✵✵ ✲ ✾✿✺✵ ❚❛❧❧❡r ✸

✾✿✺✵ ✲ ✶✵✿✹✵ ❚❛❧❧❡r ✶

✶✵✿✹✵ ✲ ✶✶✿✶✵ ❘ ❊ ❈ ❊ ❙ ❖

✶✶✿✶✵ ✲ ✶✷✿✵✵ ❚❛❧❧❡r ✷

❉✐r✐❣✐❞♦ ❛ ❡st✉❞✐❛♥t❡s ❞❡ ♣r❡❡s❝♦❧❛r ② ♣r✐♠❛r✐❛✳

❳■■ ❋▼❙ ✾

Pr♦❣r❛♠❛ ❞❡❧ ❳■■ ❋♦r♦ ❞❡ ▼❛t❡♠át✐❝❛s ❞❡❧ ❙✉r❡st❡❯♥✐✈❡rs✐❞❛❞ ❏✉ár❡③ ❆✉tó♥♦♠❛ ❞❡ ❚❛❜❛s❝♦

❉✐✈✐s✐ó♥ ❆❝❛❞é♠✐❝❛ ❞❡ ❈✐❡♥❝✐❛s ❇ás✐❝❛s

✾ ❛❧ ✶✸ ❞❡ ❙❡♣t✐❡♠❜r❡ ✷✵✶✾

❈❛rt❡❧❡s P❛rt✐❝✐♣❛♥t❡s

❈❛rt❡❧ ✶✳ ▲❛ ❣❡♦♠❡trí❛ ❤✐♣❡r❜ó❧✐❝❛ ② s✉ r❡❧❛❝✐ó♥ ❝♦♥ ❧❛s ❢r❛❝❝✐♦♥❡s ❝♦♥t✐✲

♥✉❛s

▼❛rí❛ ❉❡ ❏❡sús ●❛r❝í❛ ❙❛♥t✐❛❣♦✱ ❯❱❈❛rt❡❧ ✷✳ ❆♣r❡♥❞✐③❛❥❡ ♦♣t✐♠✐③❛❞♦ ♣❛r❛ r❡❞❡s ♥❡✉r♦♥❛❧❡s ❛rt✐✜❝✐❛❧❡s ❜❛s❛❞♦

❡♥ ❧❛ ❡❝✉❛❝✐ó♥ ❍❛♠✐❧t♦♥✲❏❛❝♦❜✐✲❇❡❧❧♠❛♥

❊st❡❜❛♥ ❘❡②❡s ❙❛❧❞❛ñ❛✱ ❯❱❈❛rt❡❧ ✸✳ ▼ét♦❞♦ ❞❡ ❈♦s✐♥♦r ♣❛r❛ ❡❧ ❛♥á❧✐s✐s ❞❡ ❝✐❝❧♦s ❜✐♦❧ó❣✐❝♦s

❆①❡❧ ❇á❡③ ❖❝❤♦❛✱ ❯❱❈❛rt❡❧ ✹✳ Pr✉❡❜❛ ❞❡ ❘❛②❧❡✐❣❤ ♣❛r❛ ❡❧ ❛♥á❧✐s✐s ❞❡ ❝✐❝❧♦s ❝✐r❝❛❞✐❛♥♦s

▲✉✐s ❊♥r✐q✉❡ ❋❡r♥á♥❞❡③ ❈♦❧♦r❛❞♦✱ ❯❱❈❛rt❡❧ ✺✳ ❚❡♦r❡♠❛ ❞❡ ❧❛ ♣✐③③❛ ② ♦tr♦s r❡s✉❧t❛❞♦s s❛❜r♦s♦s

❊❞❣❛r ❯❧✐s❡s ▼❛rtí♥❡③ ▼♦r❛❧❡s✱ ❯❱❈❛rt❡❧ ✻✳ ❊st✉❞✐♦ ❞❡ ❧❛ tr❛②❡❝t♦r✐❛ ❛❝❛❞é♠✐❝❛ ❞❡ ❡st✉❞✐❛♥t❡s ❞❡ ✉♥ ♣r♦❣r❛✲

♠❛ ❡❞✉❝❛t✐✈♦ ❞❡ ❧❛ ❯❆❉❨ ♠❡❞✐❛♥t❡ ❝❛❞❡♥❛s ❞❡ ▼❛r❦♦✈

❘✉❜é♥ ❆❧❡❥❛♥❞r♦ ❈♦♦❧ P❛❞✐❧❧❛✱ ❯❆❉❨❈❛rt❡❧ ✼✳ ❉✐✜❝✉❧t❛❞❡s ❞✐❞á❝t✐❝❛s ❡♥ ❡st✐❧♦s ❞❡ ❧❡♥❣✉❛❥❡✿ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠❛s ♠❛t❡✲

♠át✐❝♦s ❡♥ ❡❧ ❝á❧❝✉❧♦ ❞❡ ✈♦❧✉♠❡♥ ❞❡ ❝✉❡r♣♦s ❣❡♦♠étr✐❝♦s ❡♥ ✻t♦✳

❣r❛❞♦ ❞❡ ♣r✐♠❛r✐❛

❙❡r❣✐♦ ❘❛ú❧ P❛r❝❡r♦ Pr✐❡❣♦✱ ■❯P❈❛rt❡❧ ✽✳ ▼ét♦❞♦s ✐t❡r❛t✐✈♦s ♣❛r❛ s✐st❡♠❛s ❧✐♥❡❛❧❡s ❞❡ ❡❝✉❛❝✐♦♥❡s ❛❧❣❡❜r❛✐✲

❝❛s

❏✉st✐♥♦ ❆❧❛✈❡③ ❘❛♠ír❡③✱ ❯❏❆❚❈❛rt❡❧ ✾✳ ❆♣❧✐❝❛❝✐ó♥ ❞❡❧ t❡♦r❡♠❛ ❞❡ ❇✉r♥s✐❞❡ ❡♥ ❧❛ ❝♦♥str✉❝❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❝✐r❝✉✐✲

t♦s ❡❧❡❝tró♥✐❝♦s

❈♦s♠❡ ▲ó♣❡③ ❏✉ár❡③✱ ❯◆P❆

❳■■ ❋▼❙ ✶✵

Pr♦❣r❛♠❛ ❞❡❧ ❳■■ ❋♦r♦ ❞❡ ▼❛t❡♠át✐❝❛s ❞❡❧ ❙✉r❡st❡❯♥✐✈❡rs✐❞❛❞ ❏✉ár❡③ ❆✉tó♥♦♠❛ ❞❡ ❚❛❜❛s❝♦

❉✐✈✐s✐ó♥ ❆❝❛❞é♠✐❝❛ ❞❡ ❈✐❡♥❝✐❛s ❇ás✐❝❛s

✾ ❛❧ ✶✸ ❞❡ ❙❡♣t✐❡♠❜r❡ ✷✵✶✾

❈❛rt❡❧❡s P❛rt✐❝✐♣❛♥t❡s

❈❛rt❡❧ ✶✵✳ ❙♦❧✉❝✐ó♥ ❛❧ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠❛ ❞❡❧ ❝♦❧❡❝❝✐♦♥✐st❛ ❞❡ ❝✉♣♦♥❡s ✉s❛♥❞♦ ❝❛✲

❞❡♥❛s ❞❡ ▼❛r❦♦✈

❆♠❛②r❛♥✐ ▲❡ó♥ ●❛r❝í❛✱ ❯❏❆❚❈❛rt❡❧ ✶✶✳ ❈♦♠♣❛r❛❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ♠❛tr✐❝❡s ❞❡ tr❛♥s✐❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❝❛❞❡♥❛s ❞❡ ▼❛r❦♦✈

♠❡❞✐❛♥t❡ ♠étr✐❝❛s

▼❛rí❛ ❉♦❧♦r❡s ▼❛t✉s ❇❛st♦✱ ❯❆❉❨❈❛rt❡❧ ✶✷✳ ❉❡s❝♦♠♣♦s✐❝✐ó♥ ♣r✐♠❛r✐❛ ❞❡ ✐❞❡❛❧❡s

❙❤❛❧♦♠ ❈r✐st✐♥❛ ❊❝❤❛❧❛③ ➪❧✈❛r❡③✱ ❯❏❆❚❈❛rt❡❧ ✶✸✳ ●r✉♣♦s ❞❡ ▲✐❡

❊st❤❡r ❙t❤❡♣❤❛♥✐❛ ❍❡r♥á♥❞❡③ Pér❡③✱ ❯❏❆❚❈❛rt❡❧ ✶✹✳ ❆♥á❧✐s✐s ❡str✉❝t✉r❛❧✿ ❛r♠❛❞✉r❛s s✐♠♣❧❡s

❉❛✈✐❞ ❆❧❡❥❛♥❞r♦ ●❛rr✐❞♦ ❙á♥❝❤❡③✱ ❯❆●❈❛rt❡❧ ✶✺✳ ➽❉ó♥❞❡ s❡♥t❛rs❡ ❡♥ ❡❧ ❝✐♥❡❄

❋❛❜✐♦❧❛ ❘❛♠♦s ❈❛rr❡t❛✱ ❯❏❆❚❈❛rt❡❧ ✶✻✳ ▼♦❞❡❧❛❞♦ ♠❛t❡♠át✐❝♦ ❞❡ ✉♥ ❝♦♥tr♦❧ ❞❡ ✈❡❧♦❝✐❞❛❞ ♣❛r❛ ✉♥

s✐st❡♠❛ ❞❡ ♣✉❧✐❞♦ ❞❡ ✜❜r❛ ó♣t✐❝❛

▲✉✐s ❆❧❜❡rt♦ ▼♦r❣❛❞♦ ❇❛❧❞❡r❛s✱ ❯◆P❆❈❛rt❡❧ ✶✼✳ ❆♥á❧✐s✐s ❞❡ r✐❡s❣♦ ② ❝♦♥✜❛❜✐❧✐❞❛❞

▼✐❣✉❡❧ ❆♥❣❡❧ ❘❡②❡s ●❡ró♥✐♠♦✱ ❯❆●❈❛rt❡❧ ✶✽✳ ❆♥á❧✐s✐s ❞❡ ❧❛ tr❛♥s❢❡r❡♥❝✐❛ ❞❡ ❝❛❧♦r ❡♥ ❞♦s ❞✐♠❡♥s✐♦♥❡s ❝♦♥

❛♣❧✐❝❛❝✐ó♥ ❞❡ ❝♦♥❞✐❝✐♦♥❡s ❞❡ ❢r♦♥t❡r❛

◆ést♦r ❆❧♦♥s♦ ▲❡②✈❛ ❈ór❞♦✈❛✱ ❯P●▼