Prohorov i Dr Tehnologii Proektirovaniya ASUTP

,

( )

- - ,

230100

2006

32.975 67 681.3 .., .. 67 .., .., ..,

.., .. : / - , ( ), - ., 2006. - 168

ISBN 5-7339-0579-4

- - . , - , , .

. 22. . 16. .: 74 .

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4

1.

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[19] (- ), - , - , , :

-;

.

1.1.

,

(IT), , - - (-) () . COTS- (COTS Commercial Of The Shelf).

- 5, 10 15 . - - ( ) , . - , - . - , . -

5

. - , - - .

- . ( ) , - -, ( ), , , - , - .

, - - -, , - (kinetic enterprises).

(, ) ( - ) - ( ). , . - .

.

, , - - () -

6

, - :

- ;

- , , - , - , COTS- .

[1214] - , -, - , - , - .

, - -, COTS-. - - . - - , - , - - , , - .., - -, - , - - .

7

1.2. [1214]

, COTS-. 1 2 - . - IBM PC, () . - - COTS-.

- ( ) - , - - , . , , - , - .

(reliability), (availability) - (repairability) . - (HA High Availability) [1517].

- -, . , - .

, ( ) [21] ( , ) -

8

. ( -) - (- , ) - . -, - - . -, - , . -, - , .

, - , , : -, .

, .

[16] - , , . - . ( ) , , , - . - , , 99,999 % ( 1 100000 11 ).

() HA - :

HA MTBF / (MTTR + MTBF),

9

MTBF (Mean Time Between Failures) - ( ), MTTR (Mean Time To Reapair) .

MTBF ( 100000 .) . MTBF , - - .

[1517] - :

, -

,

- ,

. -

, , , -, , .

- () :

( ) -;

( - -, );

( );

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10

;

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11

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-, - - ;

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12

, - , -, . -, - , - (, ), - , , .

, - - .

- , - , .

1. . 2. . 3. -

?

2.

,

( - ), ( - - ). - . - (punctuated equilibrium theory).

, - (. 2-1), -

13

. , - , - , . , .

5.

(

6. 7. 8. + web-

1. 2. 3. 4.

2 34 5

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1

40- XX 2000 .

. 2-1.

2.1.

, , . - - -

14

.

-. - .

, - (, , -, .), - , - - .

, - - - . , , , - , .

, , - ( 80- [20] Foundation Fieldbus) - . - - ( ) - ( Fieldbus Foundation). , , - , , - , ( ) - .

- ,

15

. - - , (field-, field centric) .

Y, 3- :

( Y -);

( Y );

( Y , , ).

; . - , , - , ..

( ) , - - . - - / - ( ).

, - , field- . ( ) - , , , - - .

16

2.2. -

, (panel-based) . - , ( , , ..). -, .

(field-based) - .

- , -. - ( - ).

- , , -, .

10 30 - 300 . , - - , (, ) -, , .

-

17

- () . . - .

70- 80- - , , - , - (, PLC Programmable Logic Controller).

, - , . - - , () , - , , - .

- 80- , ( - ) [20] - , -, -, - . ( ) () , ( ) - , - . - -, - . , - -

18

. .

, , - .

- - . - 4 20 ( ). 1961 - 4 20 15 - . , - , - (15 ), - ( ). - - .

4 20 - , . 2-2.

4 20 (, ) -. - - ( ). - 10 . 1 2 -. - . ( ), -

19

- , .

.2-2. 4 20 ,

: ,

1. 2. 3. 4.

4-20

-

4

32

1

20

-; (),

, - ( );

( ) ; - () (, - , -, .); , , , , , -- ., -, .

- , - . - - -, .

( - ) - , - - 1 . - .

- - - .

2.3.

-

21

- [10, 11], - - ( ) .

, , , , . - .

, . - - , . - - , - .

- -- . - () . ( ) . , - , , -- .

- .

22

(-) - . -.

-

- , 4 20 . - - -. - . 2-3.

- , - ( , , ), - .

, - , - 4 20 (. 2-2) (. 2-3) . , - .

. - SCADA- (. . 3.6) - - . -, , - SCADA . , - ( - )

23

, , , - . - - .

. 2-3.

()

1. 2. 3. 4.

-

4

3

21

24

, - , . , Foundation Fieldbus (FF), - FF-. FF- - -, - -, - , - . - , FF-. - , - .

, - , .

- , - - -, -, , .

- - , ( ) ( , ). , - , .

, , - ,

25

( - ) - .

, - .

1. . 2. .

3. ?

4. - ?

5. , .

3.

3.1.

, , - , - - (. 3-1).

- - .

- - . .

- .

26

. 3-1. ; -

() -, /. , () .. IBM PC .

. - SCADA- (Supervisory Control And Data Acqusition) (. . 3.6).

3- . 1.

S

I/O

S A

SCADA Level

CONTROL Level

INPUT/OUTPUT Level

27

1

AC , 3 -

(SCADA Level) - -

- , SCADA-

2 (Control Level)

- -

, CASE-

1 / (Input/Output Level)

-

, - , -

- , - , , - -, IT.

, - - :

1) - , (, , -, ), - ( (CASE- SCADA-);

2) - , ;

3) (CASE-) CASE Computer Aided Software Engineering ( -

)

28

, - ;

4) - - -, , , - ( - -).

, , ( softPLC softlogic), CASE- SCADA-, .

3.2. COTS- Softlogic SoftPLC

- : .

- (), - (-- , HMI), - - , - - , . - , - , - - -

29

. , , . - , , , , - , -. , - , , .

( softPLC). ( softlogic). Micro PC, Advantech, , Robo, , Festo . [2227]. 1990- .

, - - , - Windows CASE- - , . , 90- -. - , - (, - ), - softlogic. - -, -

30

. - , , , , , . [28, 29].

SCADA- softlogic [30]. , SCADA- Trace Mode, - - . ( --SCADA) - -, .

CASE-, , , [31]:

( , ) - , - ;

- ;

, - - ( - - - ).

- . - , , -. - -, .

31

, , -, , .

, - - . , - , COTS-. , CASE- SCADA- . - , .

, - - ( -) , - .

- - . , , - . : - ( ) - ( ), - .

softlogic 200 . . !

( ,

32

, - ), - .

. , - . SCADA- - , ....

, , , - .

, - . , , , , SCADA-. - , - . - , , , .

, - -- , .

- , , - , , , [68]:

33

8- 16- , - , , ;

, - .

, - , - - -. :

- ;

-, - , .

- , , , - .

3.3.

, CASE- [32, 33, 72].

, - : - , ,

34

, - , , - , , - .

IEC 1131-3 ( )

1993 . - () IEC 1131-3 [34] , . IEC 1131-3 , - ( ).

IEC 1131-3 , - 35- :

SFC (Sequential Function Chart - ) , . , ( ST LD) . SFC ( ST, IL, LD, FBD). SFC - .

LD (Ladder Diagram) - , () (). LD -, LD , .

FBD (Functional Block Diagram -

35

) , ( ), - -, -, , -, , , -, .., - , -.

ST (Structured Text ) - , -. ( -), , , . ST SFC.

IL (Instruction List) . - . IEC 1131-3 . - : - SFC.

-, - , IEC 1131-3, PLCOpen, . - PLCOpen - . .

PLCOpen - IEC 1131-3. 10 , , , IEC 1131-3. IEC 1131-3- CASE- ( ) PDS7 (Philips, ), Step7 (Siemens, ), PL7, Concept (Schneider Electric), ULTRALOGIK (Prosoft, ), ISaGRAF (CJ

36

International+AlterSys, , ). ISaGRAF ISaGRAF,

IEC 1131-3- CASE-, de facto .

- - , - . ISaGRAF IEC 1131-3- - - ISaGRAF Runtime Target. - CPU (Central Processor Unit) TIC- (TIC Target Independed Code). -- - ( ) - . - , ( CJ International) (), . - : NT, RTX, CE, LINUX, VxWORKS, QNX, OS9, ThreadX, PSOS .. , - ISaGRAF Runtime Target IEC 1131-3-, - TIC- - .

ISaGRAF Runtime Target, - IEC 1131-3 , - -, ..

- ISaGRAF- - , - ISaGRAF. -

37

.

-. - ( ) , ISaGRAF. , - . - , .

Runtime Target . - ISaGRAF , . ISaGRAF- (, , ) : Begin, Sequential, End (. 3-2) .

. 3-2. ISaGRAF Runtime Target

ISaGRAF

BEGIN

S E QUENTIAL

END

38

Begin, End. Sequential. Begin End - -. (/ ).

ISaGRAF :

Application Workbenches - (/) IEC 1131-3. , - , , , - , - -. TIC-, - (- ISaGRAF Runtime Target) , - C-. , - (Distributed Control Systems), - .

Runtime Target - . TIC- - , - . - (.. - , - -).

Development Toolkits , () Runtime Target /, , - ( ) . - ANSI (American National Standards Institute)

39

CJ International - , - (Runtime Target ).

Java , -

. Java Sun Microsystems Inc.

- - - Java-. - Java World Wide Web - Java-.

Java- Java. , , -. Java- -- -, - , ( Java-). - - Java-, .

ISaGRAF Java ,

. 1. .

- Java TIC- ISaGRAF - , ( ) , - Java- - ISaGRAF.

,

40

. - .

2. . , , . , - Java - Java. - .

3. . - TIC- - , . Java, - , - , - .

( .. IEC 1131-3 Java-

) - () , - TIC- . .

- () Java- , . Java- ( ) . - IEC 1131-3- 32- -, ISaGRAF.

- - Flash ROM 128

41

10$ . , , . Java ISaGRAF Runtime Target - 8- 16- , Flash ROM 128 . , - , Java-, (Java , - Java ) ( - picoJava- JavaChip Sun Microelectronics 1996.) .

- - .

IL LD . LD. -

, 60- 70- . - LD - - . - , FBD SFC.

IL. STEP5 ( CASE- Siemens): IL Siemens. IEC 1131-3 IL . , - , - - - : - .

42

IL ST. ST. , -

() - . , , (- ), - - , -. -, IEC 1131-3 ( ).

ST IEC 1131-3 SFC, .

SFC, ST, () - (Flow Chart) .

FBD - , -, . - FBD - , - () - , - - . - ( ) IEC 1131-3, - .

, - 2 IEC 1131-3: FBD SFC ( ST).

FBD ( ). - -

43

- - . FBD IEC 1131-3 (. 1).

, FBD ( ) SFC ( ), - .

( , IEC 1131-3) .

C - , - , - ( de facto ). - ( ), , - . , -, , . - - (, , , IEC 1131-3).

, CASE-, IEC 1131-3, IEC 1131-3, - IEC 1131-3 ( ) . , ISaGRAF , , ( IL).

CASE-, IEC 1131-3.

44

, IEC, , . : - IEC 1131-3. (-) CASE-. -, - - , IEC 1131-3. .

1. . - IEC 1131-3 (FBD SFC) . IEC 1131-3 - .

2. . - (- ). , IEC 1131-3 (LD IL). , , IEC 1131-3 .

WWW- PLCopen ( IEC 1131-3):

1) (Base Level);

2) (Portability Level);

3) (Full-Compliance Level); 4) IEC 1131-3

(subset of IEC 1131-3). , WWW- PLCopen

IL ST.

IEC 1131-3, , -

45

, , , - . , ( ) , PLCOpen -. ISaGRAF -. , , Siemens, - IEC PLCOpen, IEC1131-3-.

-

1. IEC 1131-3 , . IEC 1131- - , - . IEC 1131-3 :

, , ;

, , ;

- , - ;

-;

; ;

;

46

;

.

2. FBD . - , , . IEC 1131-3 CASE- - FBD - , - , - IEC 1131-3.

- . - , ( ) - , IEC 1131-3, . - - ; , IEC 1131-3 .

- .

, , - , . - FBD IEC 1131-3.

3. .

, - , IEC

47

1131-3, ( ) ( - ). - - Java.

, .

- . - ( , ) . , () , . , , - , - (- Java TIC- ISaGRAF).

ISaGRAF , Runtime Target , - . -. Runtime Target , , -, TIC- - . , - . -. Runtime Target . . ISaGRAF.

, -

48

- , - - - .

- , - - .

, , . - - ( ) . - - ( - ), - ( ), - (-).

4. . , - ISaGRAF TIC ( -) - .

( ) , - . - C- . ( - - ).

- IEC 1131-3 8- 16- ( -) .

, IEC 1131-3 , .

49

, - - (, [3538]) - (, [35]). , , .

3.4. Fieldbus

-

- .

- , - , Fieldbus ( , - ) [39, 40].

- (, RS485 IEC61158 ), - , - , , , ., - .

Fieldbus , , -, , - - 4 20 .

50

Fieldbus- [3941]: 1. ,

. 2. , -

, -.

3. , - - ( -); - .

4. , (, ), - ( .. ).

5. - (, ), .

6. .

7. - .

8. .

- - . .

. , ( - ). , - , -

51

, -, ., .

, - - , , - .

, - - , , ( ) -, () ( ).

, : -

; ; - ( IEEE, ISO, IEC, ANSI),

, - ;

, : (interconnectivity), (interoperability), (interchangeability).

- ( CAN ( CANopen DeviceNET), Profibus, Foundation Fieldbus, Modbus, HART, Interbus, LON, Industrial Ethernet), (CAN) . , ( 1984 .) - , -

52

. - -

- . - ( Siemens (Profibus) Fisher-Rosemount (Foundation Fieldbus)), , . , - ( , ).

, - IEC61158, - , .

- , , - :

- ( -), - ;

- - , - .

[4246, 73], -

. , .

, Fieldbus-

53

; . ,

, , - . , - , - , .

- () - , , - . - .

Fieldbus- OSI/ISO

OSI/ISO - - . 7- - - .

, OSI/ISO - (-, , ), - - , -, ( ) ( -) . 7- ()

54

OSI/ISO. -

. . - , - - - .

Fieldbus- Fieldbus- -

( ) , . - - , - . , - .. , Fieldbus .

Fieldbus- - .

Fieldbus - , - . , , . , (, CAN).

.

55

1) .. - (). - ( ) - ( - ).

- , - .

2) 7- () OSI/ISO. , , - . - , . .

1. . -

, - ( , - ).

2. . , - ( , ); - .

3. . , - (, ), ( .. ), (-, ),

56

. -

7- - OSI/ISO. , - (. 2).

2 ISO/OSI Fieldbus-

OSI/ISO

Fieldbus

FMS2

7

HLP1

FAS3

6 5 4 3

2 1

-

OSI/ISO Fieldbus- , - . , (, ).

- . , - , - 1 HLP Higher Level Protocol -

CAN. 2 FMS Fieldbus Message Service -

. 3 FAS Fieldbus Access Service

Profibus, Foundation Fieldbus.

57

.

: -. (Data Link Level, DLL) - - : , , - .

. - CAN. CAN - :

1) , ( SOIC-8) (< 1$) , CAN- ( Philips Texas Instruments);

2) CAN- , - , - - ;

3) (

58

1 3 ( Siemens).

, (-, Modbus), - RS-485, , ( ), . , 2, -. , - Modbus 1 3. , - - UART ( - CAN) .

, - CAN RS485 - .

( )

, .

- (, ). - , . , -, Fieldbus- :

1) ; 2) () .

59

- . ( - ).

- - ; ( Bitbus) .

( ) , -. - (master-slave) (. 3-3), Modbus Profibus (DP PA).

. 3-3. -

, , - - ().

- - , , , -

1 2 3

1 2 3

Fieldbus LAS

60

. -

- , . , . , - .

(. 3-4), , -, Foundation Fieldbus (FF), . FF - ( ) -, (LAS) (CD). fieldbus. , (), .

. 3-4.

. FF , - . - (PT).

( FF, . 3-5) - ( , -). , .

X Y Z LAS

CD

X

X

X

61

Data

1 2 3 LAS

1

Data

2 3

PT

. 3-5.

- , , - . , - .

-

, - . , , , . , FF - - () - .

- . - , -. - , , , ( ) - ( ).

62

() -

, . - ( ) (). - , (- ) , - . .

- ( ). - (, 8 CAN) () -, , - .

, - - .

, - - .

-. : (Change of State), (Cyclic).

(peer-to-peer)

(, -, ) - .

63

- .

, -

, -, . OSI/ISO . -, , ( - -) - . CAN- :

HLP ( CAN 8 ), -, . ., , HLP ( , , , - . .) , - - ;

- - , - HLP, - ;

HLP - CAN, , ;

64

- HLP - .

, - , , Word HTML-.

, CAN 40 - HLP CAN- . CAN SDS (Hoheywell) DeviceNet (Allan-Bradley). CANOpen, CAL () CanKingdom (). .

( FF, Profibus, ) Fieldbus (FMS Fieldbus Message Service), .

Fieldbus (FMS) - Fieldbus - . FMS , , - .

FMS FMS -

- FAS . - FAS - (), - FMS. FMS - , -

65

FAS, . - .

. 2.

Profibus -. , , - , ( ASI) . - (ASIC).

, Profibus . DP, FMS PA - .

, , - .

Profibus DP (- - ); - ( 244 -).

Profibus FMS , - . , . - - Profibus DP.

FMS DP

66

. , , - , . - FMS, / DP-.

AN - : DeviceNet, CANopen, SDS

CAN Bosch 1980- -. CAN , - : - , , , - ..

. ; . .

CAN - , .

CAN - , ( - ) , . - - .

DeviceNet - CAN-, . CAN SDS CANopen.

67

DeviceNet .

DeviceNet -, - . , . - DeviceNet ( ) . : , , , - . : , -, .

DeviceNet . - - - . :

(Polling): - . - , , , .

(Strobing): - , ( - 1, 2 ..). , .

(Cyclic): - .

(Change of State): . ;

68

- , . .

, (Fragmented Messaging), .. 8- - . -, , .

CANopen, DeviceNet Smart Distributed System (SDS) - - .

CANopen CAN - . -, - .

CAN-: - , , - .

CANopen CAN, CANopen - . -: (Polling), (Strobing), - (Change of State), (Cyclic) -. - , 8 . - - .

CANopen , -, - - . CANopen CAN, -

69

, - .

ASI (Actuator Sensor Interface) - - . - , , , - .

, , , , .

/; .

ASI , - , .

ASI . - . - ( ) - 150 . ASI -, , 4,7 , .

Foundation Fieldbus - - .

, - - .

- .

Foundation Fieldbus - , Modbus, HART Profibus PA.

Ethernet -

70

. - Ethernet . .

: Ethernet - . - , .

: - . . , - .

Ethernet - . Ethernet - , ( World Wide Web) TCP/IP.

, Ethernet - 70 - .

Ethernet - , , -. Ethernet , (repeatability); , Ethernet . , .

Ethernet -, , , CAN. CAN , Ethernet . , - TCP/IP -, .

. , , . -

71

.

, , - .

, , - , -- , CAN, Ethernet.

-

Modbus CAN. , , - UART-, . - CAN- . - RS-485 - ( SOIC-8).

- , , - , , - .

- - , Interbus. - (SPI) .

3.5.

,

72

[4755], - [5661].

, , - . () , - .

, - - . , . -, (- , - ) . - - - . , - () .

- - - , -, - , .

- - 1236 .

: - ( , , -

73

, ) - . .

PC/104, PC/104-Plus

Ampro Computers, Octagon Systems, Fastwel . PC/104, PC/104-Plus, , PIC - . , - , ( - ) .

PC/104 -, ISA. - PC/104 - ISA - . (90x96 ), , ( 2 ). PC/104 8- (64- ) 16- ( 64- 40- ) ISA.

PC/104-Plus - , - PCI ISA. PC/104-Plus - , - PC/104, PCI (33 , 32 ). 120- - PC/104-Plus ISA . -

74

PCI 2.1, 64- JTAG, PRSNT CLKRUN.

PCI - , , USB, FireWire ..

(Embeded Board, eXpandable , ) Ampro Motorola, - : ISA, PC/104, PC/104-Plus, PCI PCMCIA. EBX - .

EBX - - PC/104 PC/104-Plus . - EBX - .

PIC (Embedded Platform for Industrial Computing) - , - - /. - : Ampro, Micro/sys, Octagon Systems, VersaLogic WinSystems.

EPIC - : - , , PC/104, /. - /104 , - /, - . PC/104-Plus PC/104.

EnCore - , Ampro Computers.

75

: - - (CPU Module Baseboard), - PCI. - Intel- MIPS32 PowerPC.

EnCore PCI PC/104-Plus - -. - - -.

EnCore 400 EnCore Ampro Computers (370$). - , - , - . STPC Atlas , / -. 82559ER (Intel) 10/100BaseT Ethernet.

- .

-, , (-40 +85), ( 5g) ( 20g) .

(Ampro) , - .

-, , - . 2-3. , - -. -

76

FIFO (DMA) (IRQ) - . (- , , - ) (- , ). , - .

. CMOS-, 5 400 . 0,3 , , , - .

(. 3) : , -, , , PC.

3

PC

Octagon Systems

EPIC

CoreModule mpro

(PC/104 PC/104-Plus)

EnCore

124,5 x 114,3 115 165 90 x 96 100 x 145

2 -. (Octagon, microPC) 3 , 13813051 , 5 1000 $.

IBM PC ,

77

Intel- (x86) - RISC- MIPS32 PowerPC.

- PC/104 PC/104-Plus Ampro Computers, - , - . - .

CoreModule mpro PC/104 PC/104-Plus. (90x96 ) - .

CoreModule 410 ( 365 $) PC/104, 386- 486- . - : 133 STPC Elite (5x86) -, 16 , 1 Flash ROM, 16 PC/104, UltraDMA/33 . 32- - DiskOnChip 2000, 2 RS232 RS232/485, EPP/ECP, PS/2 , 8- GPIO. +5 , 5 .

DOS, Windows CE, Java, QNX, Linux, VxWorks, Windows CE.NET 4.1, 98se, ME.

(Ethernet, USB, SVGA, -, . ) 400 1000 $ .

MiniModule GPIO MiniModule A2D Ampro.

MiniModule GPIO / (4 ), 16- PC/104 (ISA).

48 / (-

78

, TTL 15 , 24 ), 199 $. 16 () 16 ( ), 372 $. : 0,8 +5 .

MiniModule A2D (2 ), PC/104. 8 12- - (100000 ) Maxim MAX197 (: 05 , 010 , +/5 +/10 , 420 ). -. LTCI450 (2) 12- - - 2,048 4,096 , 16 GPIO - TTL. : 0,15 +5 .

: 8 , 2 , 16

GPIO (398 $), 8 (332 $).

, :

1) 1,6 ( NMI (Nonmaskable Interrupt) U 4,7 , Reset - U 3,0 ), ;

2) Flash EPROM c - , BIOS ;

3) - - ( +-6 - +-8 ) ;

4) , - .

79

, : 1,5 , , RS-232 ( IR), LPT, USB, 10/100Base-T Ethernet, .

- , DIN- - .

() (, , ) (, , , , , -, ) . - .

- - -: /, - , - Fieldbus.

- :

( . 2.2);

( . 2-3). Simatic S7-200 (Siemens,

), IC-8000 (ISP DAS, ), Lagoon-8000, ADAM-5000 (Advantech), SMART2 (PEP Modular Computers, ), 52 (, ), -130ISa (-, , ), DCS-2001 (, ),

80

), 9107- (, ). IC-8000, Lagoon-8000, ADAM-5000, SMART2

. ( -130ISa) DIN-35 (DIN- DIN3 (TS35/F6) DIN1 (TS32/F6) ), . 4 ( 8 ADAM-5000), (IC-8000, SMART2). - .

,

Softlogic ( - microPC PC/104) RS232 RS485 Ethernet ( -130ISa, IC-8000, 52). - 32- Siemens Motorola. - IEC1131-3 (ISaGRAF, UltraLogik, STEP 7) FBD IL. IEC1131-3 -FBD -130ISa. OS - ( runtime DOS, ).

, Softlogic- (-, Lagoon-7000), -SCADA .

- DCS-2001 16- - MB90F543G Fujitsu Semiconductor (128 Flash ROM 6 RAM) CAN Modbus. - ( ). - (7785) 8- (114x102x25 ).

. 3.

81

( ) : (8- -130ISa 52) ( - SPI, IC-8000 SMART2). (IC-8000) - . - - , ( ) - - .

DCS-2001 ( 4- ) (- 4- /, , +5 +24 ), - . .

, (8 -130ISa).

- . IC-7188 IC-7000 ADAM4500 ADAM-4000, 52, DCS-2000 - DCS-2001, LOGO! SIMATIC S7-200.

- - (, AT90S8535) - UART - - ( Mdbus ADAM-4000) RS-485. CAN (, ASi - LOGO! SIMATIC S7-200).

82

LOGO! - . , - 29 ( 60 ).

DIN- 10 30 ( 100 ).

LAN

(Ethernet), Fieldbus (Profibus, CAN, Modbus .) ( , -, ). ( ) Fieldbus - .

-

, -, - /. ( - , ). - (, -, ) .

- I/ O (, A8 I+A2 O, A8 I+D4 O, D16 O, D4 I+D12 O, D8 I+D8 O, D12 I+D4 O, D16 I -130ISa).

12, 13-. - ( 500 ) , , , - .

: , , , , (

DS-2001); , (-

2-, 3- 4- );

83

0 5, 0 20, 4 20 ( (DS-2001) , );

0 10 ; ( ). :

24 ( - 3-84 , , GPIO AMPRO) - ( 30 ).

: 0 5, 0 20,

4 20 ; (

Siemens). :

: .

() , . - ( ).

- ( - 40 , 0,3 . , , ( , -).

, -

, , - -, , . PC .

, ,

84

COTS-. . - - ( , , - ), - PC.

, ( - ), - , PC- (, IC-7188, ADAM4500 ).

, - . - ( ) , - - .

- , , - [1; 62 69].

3.6. SCADA-

SCADA- [71]. SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acqui-sition ) - , , .

, , -

85

. :

1) - - - 100 ;

2) SCADA- - , , - .. 1 , , , .

SCADA-: - ( -

, SCADA ), 1 ;

( 1 );

( ) - ();

- - (HMI/MMI), : - - - (, , - - (, , , , , , ..);

, , , : , - , ; ( ), -

, ().

86

- , SCADA- ().

SCADA-, - . ( IT) SCADA- , , - SCADA, , - - .

SCADA-, , :

InTouch (Wonderware) ; Citect (CI Technology) ; FIX (Intellution ) ; Genesis (Iconics Co) ; Factory Link (United States Data Co) ; RealFlex (BJ Software Systems) ; Sitex (Jade Software) ; Trace Mode (AdAstrA) ; Cimplicity (GE Fanuc) ; (-) . SCADA-

, . - , ( ), - .

- , -

87

SCADA- - , - ( , , - SCADA-). SCADA- . , Factory Link - :

DOS/MS Windows IBM PC OS/2 IBM PC

SCO UNIX IBM PC VMS VAX AIX RS6000

HP-UX HP 9000

MS Windows NT

Windows NT, PC-

SCADA-, RealFlex Sitex - - QNX.

SCADA- MS Windows . MMI-. - Microsoft , - SCADA- Windows NT. , SCADA- , - , Windows NT.

, SCADA- , - ( -

88

), - ( - , - ).

SCADA-

, , -: ; ; , ; , . . SCADA- (Arcnet, Ethernet ..) (NETBIOS, TCP/IP .), - - (Profibus, Canbus, LON, Modbus ..). , - , , , .

-

. - :

-. , .

. - VBasic- .

SCADA- - , VBasic- , - ( , , - ) SCADA.

, : -

89

, , SQL, DDE- .. - .

, , - . - , , , , - (a + b > c). - , , , -/ . , - , - .

: , , , , . . .

SCADA-, , Genesis, InTouch, Citect, ANSI SQL , - . , SCADA , - - SCADA-, - , , .

SCADA-. SCADA- . - - . - , -

90

, . , ,

.. . - SCADA- . SCADA- - , , , .

- SCADA- -

, - - .

- . , , - - (- Trace Mode), ( FactoryLink, InTouch), - -.

/ SCADA-

: de facto -

(DDE); - SCADA-

, -;

OPC-, - SCADA-, -, DDE.

OPC (OLE for Process Control) -

91

. OPC , .

DDE, OPC- SCADA-.

OPC- . SCADA- OPC , , - , .., , .

- :

COM-. RS-232, RS-422, RS-485.

. - , Ethernet.

. - . ISA, PCI, Compact-PCI.

(Alarm)

, , - , . . , -. .

SCADA- . - . -

92

( ).

, , - - . , - , , .

, , - : SCADA-, , , - . - . - , - ..

SCADA-. SCADA- . , , SCADA- , .

. : TRUE/ON (1) FALSE/OFF (0).

- . : (High High High); - (Low Low Low); (Deviation); (Rate of Change ROC).

SCADA- -

- .

93

SCADA-.

(Real Time) - . - .

(Historical) , . -

/ -

, .

- Windows NT/2000 Terminal Services, - SCADA- , - SCADA- . : , , -. Wonderware Terminal Services ( ) SCADA- InTouch 7.1, InTouch InTouch- . InTouch. .

- InTouch - .

/ , -

94

, - .

Internet/Intranet Internet/Intranet , -

, , , , Web-. Web- , - , . - , : , , -- , , .., -, . - . - Web- - HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol, - .). Wonderware FactorySuite (FS) Web-, - Web, SCADA- InTouch.

( SCADA) - . SCADA-. - ( SCADA-), . - , ..

, ActiveX- SCADA-. SCADA-, - - ( -

95

Basic). SCADA-

Micro-SCADA. Micro-SCADA , - SCADA-, - - . SCADA- IBM PC ( ), Micro-SCADA - ( , , , PC-).

3.7.

- (), [71].

:

; ; -

. IBM Informix, Microsoft

SQL Server, Oracle, Sybase - .

IndustrialSQL Server Wonderware .

IndustrialSQL Server , SQL. IndustrialSQL Server - Microsoft SQL Server. - , - SQL , (). IndustrialSQL:

96

Microsoft SQL Server. - .

, .. - .

, .

Microsoft SQL Server - .

IndustrialSQL Server SQL, - . SQL , - IndustrialSQL Server . , - Microsoft SQL Server, IndustrialSQL Server.

IndustrialSQL Server - .

. IndustrialSQL Server -

, . - - , . IndustrialSQL Server , - .

. IndustrialSQL Server - , - . -, 4000 , - , 2 -

97

. - , - .

SQL . SQL . . IndustrialSQL SQL, -, , .

. IndustrialSQL Server .

IndustrialSQL Server Microsoft SQL Server, , , Internet, Microsoft SQL Server Oracle.

. 4. : Microsoft Windows 2000 Server SP2; Microsoft

SQL Server 2000 SP2 ( 50% RAM). - , 25%.

4

(50% , 45% , 5% )

IndustrialSQL Server

500 Pentium II 400 , 256 RAM 5000 Pentium III 866 , 256 RAM 25000 Pentium III 933 , 2 1 RAM 100000 Pentium III 733 , 4 1 RAM

1.

98

. 2. softPLC softlogic. 3. , -

. 4.

CASE- ISaGraf? 5. ? 6. Fieldbus-

OSI/ISO? 7. -

. 8. CAN, Modbus,

Profibus? 9.

PC? 10.

.

4.

[1, 67] - .

, :

1) ; 2)

. -

- - - - 1999 .

.

99

4.1. CONField

CONField, , CASE- IEC 1131-3. , - , CASE- .

CONField - CASE-, - FBD 8- 16- . , CONField , - , , - , - .

- ( , -) , - - , .

CONField , - :

, - ;

( - ) - - , ;

(. 1) IEC1131-3 - ; -

100

FBD ; - ;

SCADA- - ;

- ;

SCADA- .

CASE- CONfield - :

1) (TRANSfield) - , ;

2) - (BRAINfield), - - , ( ) - ( .. ) ; - , - ;

3) (LINKfield) , - ; CONfield -;

4) (MAKEfield) - / - ; ;

5) (RUNfield)

101

-, , , SCADA.

CONfield [1, 64]:

- ;

; ; - , ;

, - .

. 4-1 - CONField.

. 4-1. CONField

102

CONField - - -, , -.

- -, , , --, , SCADA-.

( ) - , -. , - ( , , ) . - ( ), - (, , ) ...

CON-Field - (SCADA) , - .

4.2.

- . - .

4.2.1. - - (, -

103

, ). : -;

- ;

.

-

(9 , -, . . 4-2).

. 4-2. .

104

- - - ( ), - - .

- - ( ) , , - , , , - .

PLC -. -

PLC CM9107-BM (. 3) - ( ) .

- ( ) - - , .

- , , - .

CM9107-BM - (. . 4-3).

- (Input/Output Level)

(. . 4-3, 4-4):

; - (-

);

105

. 4-3.

- ( );

106

. 4-4.

107

, - I=0 5/4 20 ;

( -) ( ) - R=0...200 ;

( ),

( ); -

( ); -

( -) .

- :

; - -

(. 3. 9107-);

- .

4.2.2. . : -

( 10 1 ) . -

. - -

- ( ), - . - ( ) ( ) (

108

, - ).

.

9107, - , - . PLC 9107 .

PLC 9107 . (, -, , , , - ..). [63, 64, 66] -, , - (. 1).

?

1. ( ) - . , - ( - ) -, . , - , .

2. - - .

PLC 9107 -

109

- . -, - , , - , , , .

- PLC 9107.

, - -. - 9107 . , 9107, . - () 100 . 1 .

- ( ) - - . , - , , .

, , . - ( ) , :

; -

; , -

; RAM (

110

: - );

RAM ( - ) ;

.

(. . 4-5, 1 ).

3102 (IO1) -

Electro_1 ( , []) - Physic_1 ( , [C]) Electro_1 .

C Electro_1

.. ( 5 ) (1) ( 200 ) (2). - _2 (3), OR, TRUE (TRUE=0 ).

Physic_1

T. (4) . (5). SCADA ( ).

_2 (6, 7), AND, . ( TRUE=0, , ). _ (8, 9) ( ).

111

. 4-5. (=1)

112

_ (10) -. RS_ (11) (- SCADA). , ( SCADA) .

. - RS_ (12) . . ( SCADA). RS_ (12) (13), - . _2 (14), - OR, ( -) - . ( SCADA) . _2 (15, 16), AND.

.

2201. SCADA , -

: :

T. T. . .

: ( ). (, , ).

(. 4-6, 4-7)

113

. 4-6.

. 3102 (IO1) -

R1 (-

114

, []) R2 ( , []).

. 4-7.

115

. _ (1, 2)

(X:[0.0 200.0 ]->Y:[0.0 100.0%]) - R[] [%] Yobj [%] -.

. 3102 (IO1) -

R1 (- - , []) R2 ( , []).

. _. (1, 2)

(X:[0.0-200.0 ]->Y:[0.0-100.0%]) - R[] [%] Yobj [%] -.

( -) (8) , , (7). - .

. - .

: - (9).

(5).

(9) -

116

-, , - 2201 (IO2) . (9) - L [%], -, -. , - . .

(5) - . . - . . - () - . - _2 (4) , - _ (3).

- SCADA.

L [%]

REF (8) - Ls [%], . - (2->1) (6). OUT - (8) ( ) V [100 %...+100 %].

117

V - (10). ( ) V -, V.

. Yo

REF (7) Yobj - Y. - (2->1) (6). OUT (7) L [0100%].

, (>)

(

118

CONField - ;

(. 1) , :

200 ;

( 61131) PLC Functional Block Diagram ();

: ;

: - ;

(- ).

4.2.3. .

: - ( - , SCADA), - 1 ;

- ( 1 );

-:

; ; ;

- ( ):

- ;

119

, ; -:

- ;

. SCADA ,

, , -, (. 3.6), , SCADA-, - .

- SCADA- - , FactorySuit2000 (Wonderware, USA), Genesis (Iconics, USA) ,Trace Mode (AdAstra, ), (, ) .., , - 9107, CONField Windows, - , - -, Windows (OPC).

SCADA Level . 5.

5

SCADA SCADA

FactorySuit2000 Wonderware Inc

-

DDE (- SCADA- - () )

- - GX2000 Windows, - -

120

SCADA -

RunTime ( - )

- -

BitBUS, ModBUS,

- -

BitBUS, COMport

-

1. - -.

2. FBD? - ?

3. -?

4. , , ?

5. , SCADA.

5.

5.1.

- - (field- ), -

121

.

. - -

(, - , , , ..), ( ), , .

(BFP) ( , , , ) - (process unit network), ( - ) - , (, -), , , - .

(, , ..), (process cell network) . , , , , ( ), ( ), .

- , (. 5-1).

122

. 5-1.

, , , , , .

- -, , -, , , , -, .

- -//. - - . - , - - - .

1 1 1

2 2 2

3 3

1 , 2 , 3

123

, -, - ( - ) - . () , - , - , - , , .

, - - (BFP) - ( ) .

5.2. Web- SCADA-

Internet/Intranet -. - (Transparent Factory), Web-.

- , (). , SCADA - , , -. - .

- - . -

124

, - . - , - , . - - .

. , - - . , - , . ( ) , , - , -, .

, - SCADA- .

- .

( ) - Intranet. - - , . ( - ), -, Internet. Intranet Ethernet, - Web-.

125

- SCADA- - . - - , - SCADA - .

, -. , , .. (.. ).

SCADA- - , , , SCADA - , , - . SCADA, , - .

SCADA- ( - ) - , .

- Web-. , - , Web- - , - (e-mail).

Web-, Intranet. , SCADA-, - Internet-. , , . - .

126

, SCADA / HMI - . , Web- , - .

, , - , , . Netscape Internet Explorer Web- . - Internet - , , ( - ), , (, ).

- Web Web-. Intranet , . -, - Web- , - .

, - Web- Web- , - . - Web- . , - , Web- .

- . - -

127

. - , , , , . - SCADA-. Web- - SCADA-. , , - SCADA- .

Ethernet TCP/IP - . , , Modbus, Modbus Plus, CAN . - Ethernet TCP ( , - Modbus/Ethernet TCP/IP, Modbus Ethernet TCP/IP).

, - -, Ethernet.

- Web- , - -, - SCADA .

1. ?

2. -?

128

1

CONField

, ( ) [63, 66]. - IEC 1131-3.

CASE- CONField (CONField ) (CONField -).

- , - .

(IEC , IEC ) (IEC +) IEC1131-3.

: -;

, -;

, , ; (1-) ; ; ; ( , , ..);

.

129

1-1.

IEC ( )

+ ADD (+) . (TIME, TIME_OF_DAY, DATE_AND_TIME)

+ SUB () . (TIME, TIME_OF_DAY, DATE_AND_TIME)

+ SUB () (DATE, TIME_OF_DAY, DATE_AND_TIME)

+ MUL (*) . + DIV (/) . + SPLIT T&D DATE TIME_OF_DAY + CONCAT T&D DATE TIME_OF_DAY FRACT 2- .

(TIME, TIME_OF_DAY) -

_ 2- _ (DATE)

1-2.

IEC ( ) + (ANY) + SUMN(Xi)

N=2/4/8 (ANY_NUM)

SUMN(ki*Xi)

- N=2/4/8 (ANY_REAL)

+ MULN(Xi)

N=2/4/8 (ANY_NUM)

130

IEC ( ) + XY 2- (ANY_NUM) + X / Y 2- -

(ANY_NUM) + XmodY 2-

(ANY_INT)

ANY_NUM ----- ----- ANY_NUM

Fn

X Y

. 1-1. ( . 1-3.)

1-3.

IEC Fn _

_ - () -

. , -

+ ABS . + SIGN (0,+1, 1)

ANY_REAL ----- ----- ANY_REAL

Fn

X Y

. 1-2. ( . 1-4.)

131

1-4 ,

IEC Fn + SQRT + ABS

. SIGN (0,+1, 1) + SIN sin(x) + COS cos(x) + TAN tg(x) + ASIN arcsin(w): /2 +/2 + ACOS arccos(w): 0 + ATAN arctg(w) ATANG arctg(x,y) + LN ln(x) LG lg(x) + LOG log(base,x) XN X (INT) N + XY X (REAL) Y + EXP(x) e**x RADtoGR GRtoRAD -

. + /, -

, (-) -, ,

1-5

, ,

IEC ( ) +

( ) (ANY_NUM)

132

IEC ( ) + n

(, -) 2/4/8 1 (ANY_NUM)

. 1 1 , (ANY_NUM)

(1 c 8) , 1 8 (8 1 ), - (ANY_NUM)

n n n n

: ; ; (); ()

n=2/4/8 ( ) (ANY_NUM)

n n

;

n=2/4/8 ( -) (ANY_NUM)

MINn

n=2/4/8 (ANY_NUM)

MAXn

2/4/8 (ANY_NUM)

-

0 - , ... (ANY_NUM)

- . - , -. -, , , (ANY_NUM)

_ MIN MAX (ANY_NUM)

133

IEC ( )

(ANY_NUM)

(BOOL) 1-6

(1-)

IEC + + n

, , ( 2) n=2/4/8

TRUTH_TABLE ( 3 ) -

+ _ , , -

+ RS_ 1 . 1 0 ( - )

D_ -

+

:

-;

. :

( ) - ;

, -.

, - .

_D8 _D16

- 8, 16

134

IEC _D32 32 ,

, ( ). . _D8: ...0,1,2,..,255,0... _D16: ...0,1,2,..,65535,0... _D32: ...0,1,2,...,4.294.967.295,0...

_ .

(BYTE, WORDs)

1-7

IEC +

BYTE WORD DWORD LWORD

BYTE WORD DWORD LWORD

+ BYTE WORD DWORD LWORD

, , 2/4/8 .

TRUTH_TABLE ( 3 8- -) -

+ RS_ 8 1 0 (RS-)

+ D_ BYTE

- (, , -), -, 8

_D8 _D16

8- -

135

IEC _D32 8, 16 32 -

, - , . . _D8: ...0,1,2,..,255,0... _D16: ...0,1,2,..,65535,0... _D32: ...0,1,2,...,4.294.967.295,0...

_ - .

+ _ 8- .

+ _ -

_n - , n=8,16,32,64

n (USINT) , n=8,16,32,64.

n . (USINT) - n=8,16,32,64.

(BYTE) .

(BYTE) 8 BYTE -> 8 BYTE

_ N

1-8

IEC + *_TO_**

* (, INT) ** (, REAL)

136

IEC *_TO_**

( INT_TO_REAL) + TRUNC .

. + BCD_TO_** BCD (Binary

Coded Decimal) (**) (ANY_INT)

+ *_TO_BCD BCD. (*) (ANY_INT)

BYTE_TO_BITs BYTE 8 BIT ()

BITs_TO_BYTE BYTE 8 BIT ()

WORD_TO_BYTEs WORD 2 BYTE ()

DWORD_TO_WORDs DWORD 2 WORD ()

LWORD_TO_DWORDs LWORD 2 DWORD ()

BYTEs_TO_WORD

WORD 2 BYTE ().

WORDs_TO_DWORD DWORD 2 WORD ().

DWORDs_TO_LWORD LWORD 2 DWORD ().

+ ToD_TO_USINT TIME_OF_DAY 4 USINT (HOUR, MIN, SEC, hSEC) ().

+ DATE_TO_USINT DATE UINT (YEAR) 2 USINT (MONTH, DAY) (-).

+ USINT_TO_ToD TIME_OF_DAY 4 USINT (HOUR, MIN, SEC, hSEC) (-).

+ USINT_TO_DATE DATE UINT (YEAR) 2 USINT (MONTH, DAY) ().

+ ABS & SIGN (0,+1, 1)

137

. 13 ( . 1-9.)

1-9 , -

IEC Fn __ . -

. __

( ).

_ _

N

+ - .

.

+ .

- , , , 2

()

N

. -

+----+ | Fn |

ANY_REAL-------| |------ ANY_REAL |X Y| +----+

138

. 14. ( . 1-10.)

1-10 .

IEC Fn

() - ( -).

8- -, . - .

1-11

IEC (-

) -, (-)

- - (-).

_ _

+----+ | Fn |

ANY_REAL ------ | | ------ BYTE |X Y| +----+

139

2

22 ,

1977-2002 .

2-1

PROFIbus DP/PA

Siemens DP-1994, PA-1995

EN 50170 / DIN 19245 part 3(DP) /4 (PA), IEC 1158-2 (PA)

2 , 300

INTERBUS-S Phoenix Con-tact, Interbus Club

1984 DIN 19258 EN 50.254

400 - -

DeviceNet Allen-Bradley 1994 ISO 11898 &11519

17 , 300 ,

ARCNET Datapoint 1977 ANSI/ATA 878.1

- - . ANSI

ASI (Actuator Sen-sor Interface)

ASI Consortium

1993 IEC

- -

Foundation Fieldbus H1

Fieldbus Foun-dation

1995 ISA SP50/IEC 61158

- - ,

Foundation Fieldbus High Speed Ethernet (HSE)

Fieldbus Foundation

2002 IEEE 802.3u RFC for IP, TCP & UDP

- -, -

.

140

IEC/ISA SP50 Fieldbus

ISA & Fieldbus Foundation

1996 IEC 1158/ANSI850

- -

Seriplex APC, Inc. 1990 Seriplex

WorldFIP WorldFIP 1988 IEC 1158-2 - -

LONWorks Echelon Corp. 1991 Echelon. IEC

SDS (Smart Distrib-uted System)

Honeywell Jan., 1994 IEC, ISO11989 Honeywell

17 - , 100 -

ControlNet Allen-Bradley 1996 ControlNet International

-, 2 -

CAN (Controller Area Network)

BOSH

CANopen CAN In Auto-mation (CiA)

1995 CiA

17 - , 300 , -

Ethernet DEC, Intel, Xerox

1976 IEEE 802.3, DIX v. 2.0

- ,

Modbus Plus Modicon -

40 CAN HLP, - CAL/CANopen (CAN in Automation), CAN Kingdom ..

141

Modbus RTU/ASCII

Modicon EN 1434-3 (layer 7) IEC 870-5 (layer 2)

-, -

Remote I/O Allen-Bradley 1980 -

Data Highway Plus (DH+)

Allen-Bradley -

Bitbus Intel 1984 IEEE 1118 -

HART (Highway Ad-dressable Re-mote Trans-ducer)

Fisher-Rosemount

Bell 202 FSK

2-2

. -

.

PROFIBUS DP/PA

,

,

, 124 - (4 )

100 , 12 ; 24 () (- )

INTERBUS-S

T -

, ,

256 400 , . 12,8

DeviceNet -, -

64 500 ( -). 6 -

.

142

. -

.

ARCNET , , - , -

255 610 (- ); 122 ( -);1830 (-)

ASI , -, ,

2-

1 , 31 -

100 , 300


, ,

240 -, 216

1900 , 31,25 ( )

Foundation Fieldbus HSE

,

IP - -

100 , 100 ( ); 2000 , 100 (, )


,

128 7 -

1700 , 31,25 ; 500 , 5

Seriplex , -, ,

4- -

500 170

WorldFIP ,

256 (64 , 256 -)

40 ()

LON Works , -,

,

215 2000 , 78

SDS -, -

64

500 ( -)

ControlNet , -,

, -

99 1000 (), 2 ; 250 48 ; 3 (-); 30 ( )

143

. -

.

CAN , -

127 25 1000

CANopen 127 25 1000 (- )

Industrial Ethernet

,

-, -, -,

1024, -

185 ; (10 Base T) . 100 ; - (100 Base FX) 400, 2,5 -, 50 -

Modbus Plus

32 -, 64 .

500

Modbus RTU/ASCII

, -,

250 -

350

Remote I/O 32 -

6

DH+ 64 -

3

Bitbus 32 -, 250 -

1,2 ; 13,2

HART 2 - - 15 - -

100-2000

144

2-3

-

PROFIBUS DP/PA

/ -; -

- - - (Token passing)

DP: 9,6; 19,2; 93,75; 187,5; 500 , 1,5; 3; 6; 12 PA: 31,25

0 244

CRC

INTERBUS-S / -, -- - -

-

500 , -

1 64 16-bit CRC

DeviceNet / -, -

(multimas-ter) CSMA/ NDBA

500 , 250 , 125

8 , - - -

CRC

ARCNET / -; -

- - -

19,53 K 10 M

0 507

16-bit CRC

ASI / - 167 8

CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check ( ) CSMA Carrier Sense Multiple Access (

) NDBA Non Destructive Bitwise Arbitration (

)

145

-

-

-- (Cyclic polling)


/ , / , (Publisher / subscriber)

31,25 128 16-bit CRC

Foundation Fieldbus HSE

/ , /

CSMA w / Collision Detection

100 -, - TCP/IP

CRC


/ , /

--

5 256

16-bit CRC

Seriplex / -; -

200 -

WorldFIP -/ - / - (Producer/ distributer/ consumer)

6 -

128

16-bit CRC, -

LON Works / -; -

CSMA 1,25 -

228 16-bit CRC

146

-

SDS /

-; -

CSMA / NDBA

125 250 500 1

- 8

CRC

ControlNet /

- (Time Slice Multiple Access)

5 0-510 16-bit CRC

CANopen / -; -

CSMA / NDBA

10 K, 20 K, 50 K, 125 K, 250 K, 500 K, 800 K, 1

8 15-bit CRC

Industrial Ethernet

-

CSMA w/ Collision Detection

10, 100

46-1500

32-bit CRC

Modbus Plus -

1

Modbus RTU/ASCII

/ -

300 38,4

0-254

Remote I/O / -

57,6 - 230

128 16-bit CRC

DH+ -

- (mul-

57,6 180

147

-

timaster) Bitbus /

-

-

500 2,4 (- -) 64 375 (- )

13 248

16-bit CRC

HART / -

1,2

3

9107

9107- .

9107- : 1. (18018290, 3 . .) - ( 6 16 1 ).

2. 16- Fujitsu, SPI+Modbus.

3. 8- Atmel Texas Instruments.

4. - Modbus Profibus.

8- (. 3-1) ( ): 128 , 64 , 48 - / , - , 64

148

, 256 microLAN, , - - .

. 3-1

. 3-2

-

/ - 50 ( - ) -

149

. 9107-

DIN-35. (. 3-2).

. . RS-485 Modbus.

9107 3-1

CM9107-BM

M2101

-, 16 - , 1500 , - 5 24 , - 10

2201 -, 8 , - 1500 , 1 , 60 40

M3101 -, 8 , 1500

M3103 -, 2 , 1500

M3104 -, 8 , - 1500

M3105 -, 8 0...5 , 4...20 , - 1500

2301 - --. 8 c -

150

, - ; 4 , - , - 1, 60 . (40 . ), -: 0.15, 400 . (280 . )

M3201 -, 8 , - 1500 , U = 0...10 (I 2 )

M3202 -, 4 , - 1500 , 8 , : - I = 0...5 , - R = 0...10

3-2

CM9107-BM

1450 - ( 8- -)

- SPI M7308 -

MODBUS, RS-485, 1500 . 9,6115,2 / -

M7301 micro-LAN

- microLAN. 64 microLAN ( DS1820 55...+125 ). 2 , 1500

M7310 - 20 , 4 - 1500

151

3-3

CM9107-BM

M7306 c MODBUS SLAVE, RS-485,

1500 . 9,6115,2 /

7312 PROFIBUS-DP SLAVE, RS-485, 1500

M7302 RS-232 3-4.

CM9107-

EX1450 -

MODBUS, 1450 EX2101 -, 4 -

( 10 ) , 1500 , 2101

EX2201 -, 4 , 1500 , 1 , 60 40 , 2201

EX2105 -, 4 220, 1500 , 1 , 60 - 40

EX2205 -, 4 , 1500 , 1 , 380 .

152

EX3101 -, 4 -

, 1500 , 3101

EX3102

-, 2 , 1500 . - ( 100 , )

EX3103 -, 1 -, 1500 , - 3103

EX3104 - , 2 - , - 1500

EX3105 -, 4 - 0...5 , 4...20 , - 1500

EX3202 -, 2 0...5 4...20 , 1500

EX7330 - . 35 , 115 dBm, 100 /c .

EX7331 .

1. : . / . .. . .: , 2003.

2. .. // . , , . 2000. 7.

3. .. - -

153

// . 1997. 8. 4. .. // -

. 2003. 13. 5. ., .

. .: . 2001. 6. .. -

. .: , 1999. 7. .. PC-

// -. 2003. 4.

8. .. , .. . - // . , , . 2002. 12.

9. .. - // . . . . . 1995.

10. ., .., .. - -. .: , 1990.

11. .. .: -, 1999.

12. - () // . 1999. 5.

13. - () // . 1999. 3.

14. .. // . 2003. 4.

15. .. . // - . 2003. 9.

16. .. - . // - . 2001. 12.

17.

154

MIF- // .. . .. -, .. . . 2002. 9.

18. - // .. . .. , .. . . 2002. 11.

19. .. // . 2002. 12.

20. . -. - -100 / 13, 14. . 1985.

21. . . : - // . 2002. 10.

22. .., .. - . .: . , 2001.

23. .. - // . 2001. 1.

24. .., .. PC PLC // . 2003. 4.

25. .. PC- : - // -. 2003. 4.

26. .., .. PC- : // . 2003. 4.

27. .. PC // . 2003. 4.

28. - // .., .., .. . . 1999. 7-8.

29. .. -Ex // . 2003. 11.

155

30. .. // . , , . 2000. 1.

31. .. // . 2003. 9.

32. ISaGRAF. Standard IEC 1131-3. Computer aided software engi-neering workbenh for open PLCs and industrial computers. User's Guide. CJ International. 1994.

33. ULTRALOGIC - // ., ., . . . 1997. 3.

34. International Standart IEC 1131-3. Programmable controllers. Part 3. Programming languages // International Electrotecnical Commission, 1993.

35. .. SWITCH-. - // . 1999. 9.

36. .., .. // . , , . 2001. 3.

37. .. - // . . . . . 1999.

38. .. - // . . . . . 2000.

39. . - // . 1998. 3.

40. .. : // - . 2003. 11.

41. .. . // - . , , . 2001. 2.

42. Fieldbus // .. , .. , . .

156

1997. 2. 43. .., .., .. -

: // . 2003. 8.

44. Fieldbus - // .. -, .. , .. . -. 1999. 7-8.

45. .. CAN // - . 1999. 2.

46. .. // - . 2001. 3.

47. .. // . 2000. 3.

48. .., .., .. - - - // . 2001. 1.

49. .., .., .. - 1820 // . 2000. 1.

50. .., .. - 1820 // . 2000. 1.

51. .., .. 1820. // -. 2000. 1.

52. .. Compact PCI - // PC WEEK. RE. 1997. . 48. 9 .

53. .., .., .. : Intel Celeron Via EDEN // -. 2003. 10.

54. .., ..

157

: ETX ICP Electronics // . 2003. 7.

55. .. // . 2003. 1.

56. .. - // . 2001. 12.

57. .. - // - . 2002. 5.

58. .. - // . 1999. 2.

59. .., .., .. - // . 2003. 3.

60. .., .., .. - // . 2003. 4.

61. .. // - . 2003. 2.

62. .., .., .. - - 9107- // . 2003. 3.

63. .. FBD IEC1131-3 PLC / -2003. . . . .12. -. . .: , 2003.

64. .., .., .. - . - . - . .: . 2003.

158

65. .. PLC 9107 / - - . . . . .: , . 2002.

66. FBD - PLC IEC 1131-3 / .., .., .. .: - . . . 2002. . 30.10.02, 1870-2002.

67. .. . 5.3.4. / - : . . . .. . .: , 2003.

68. .., .., .. - 9107 - . // -. - (). 2, 2005.

69. .. // . - (). . 2, 2005.

70. .. -: . . .: , 2003.

71. .., .., .. SCADA-: . .: , 2004.

72. .. . . . .: - . .. , 2004.

73. .. - . . . .: - , 2003.

74. ., . - - , -. .: , 2004.

159

1.

.......................................................................... 4

1.1. .............. 4

1.2. .......................... 7

2.

........................................................................ 12

2.1. ....................................................... 13

2.2. ................ 16

2.3. ............................. 20

.................................................... 20

3.

..... 25

3.1. ................................................ 25

3.2. COTS- Softlogic SoftPLC ....................................... 28

3.3. ......................................... 33

3.4. Fieldbus ....................... 49

3.5. ............................................ 71

3.6. SCADA-...................................................................... 84

3.7. .................................................. 95

4. ............................................................. 98

4.1. CONField ........... 99

4.2. ......................................................... 102

4.2.1. - ..102

4.2.2. ..107

4.2.3. ..118

160

5.

................... 120

5.1. ................................. 120

....................................................................... 120

5.2. Web- SCADA- ......................... 123

1 CONField ..................................... 128

2 ...................................................... 139

3 9107 ............................... 147

........................................................... 152

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Prohorov i Dr Tehnologii Proektirovaniya ASUTP