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8/16/2019 Propiedades Geofísicas de Los Suelos - j. Bowel
1/10
l
PHYSICAL
ND
GEOTECHNICAL
PROPERTIES
OF SOILS
Seco
nd Edi
tion
Joseph E Bowles
onsulcing Engineerf
otware
onsultane
Engineering omputer Software
INTERNATIONAL STUDENT EDITION
McGRAW HILL BOOK M
P NY
Auckland Bogota Guatemala Hamburg Johannesburg Lisbon
London Madrid Mexico New Delhi Panama Paris
San Juan Sao Paulo Singapore Sydney Tokyo
8/16/2019 Propiedades Geofísicas de Los Suelos - j. Bowel
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CO
T
TS
Preface
xi
Cha er l
Introduction to Geotechnics, Statistics,
and SI
1 1
Generai Introduction
1-2
The
Stud
y
or
Soil Mechanics
2
1-3
Text Objectives
4
1-4
Some
Typical Soil
Pr oblems
4
1-5
Historical
De
velopment or So l Mechanics
5
1-6 Soil Failures
9
1-7 Sources
or In
ro
rmat
io
n for
Geotechnical
Engineers
13
1-8
El
ements
of Statistics and Probability
16
1 9
SI Units
23
Chapter Soil
Pr
operties- P hysical and Index
26
2-1
Introduction
26
2-2
Soil
Composition
and
Term
s
26
2-3
Basic Defini
ti
ons and
Mass Volu me
Relationships
27
2-4
Noncohesive
and
Cohesive Soils 39
2-5 Atterberg or Consistency) Limits
_4
2-6 Soil Moisture
41
2-7
Indices of Soil
Consistenc
y
42
2-8 Specific Surface
A3
2-9
Specific
Gra
vity
44
2-10 Soil T
exture
46
2-
11
Soil Phases
46
2-12 Grain Size
48
2-13
Un
i
Weight
of Soils Dry, Wet,
and
Submerged)
50
2- 14
Effective
or Intergranular
Pressures
52
2-
15
Intergranular Pressures in Partially Saturated Soils
59
2-16
Summary
60
v
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.
vi
CONTE-; TS
COI'TEI'TS
vii
Cbapter
3
Geologie Propertie:;,
Formations
of
6-4
Determining Subsurface Conditions
174
Natura
Soil Deposits, and
Groundwater
64
6-5
Location, Spacing. and Depth
of
Borings
177
3-1 Introduction
64 6-6
Sampling
179
3-2
The Earth
65 6-7
Water Table
184
3-3
Physìcal Properties of Minerals
66
6-
8
Samp
le Quality
and
Engineering Practice
184
3-4
The
Rock and Soil Cycle
9
67 6-9
The Standard Penetration Test (SPT) . . .___--
185
3-5
Igneous Rocks 70 6-10
SPT Correlations
186
3-6 Sedìmentar y Rocks
74
6-11
Boring Logs
188
3-7 Metamorphic Rocks
79 6-
12
Cone Penetration Test (C
PT
)
189
3-8 Crustal Movements 80
6-13
Rock Drilling
192
3-9 Rock Weatheringand Soil Formation
85 6-14
Seismic Exploration
194
3-10
Generai Considerations in Rock Weathering
92 6-15
Resistivity Exploration
199
3-1 1
Soil Formations Produced by Weatheri
ng,...t-
92 6-16
The Total Stress Cell and Dilatometer
200
,3-12
R
unning Water and Alluvial Deposits
96
6-1 7
Summary
202
_
3-13
Glacial
Dep
osits
100
Compaction and
Soil Stabilization
3-14
Wind
Depo
sits
106
Chapter
7
204
3-15
Gravity Deposits
109
7-1
Generai Concept
of
Soil Stabilization _
\\_
204
3-16
Subsurface W a t e r
109
7-2
Soil
as
a Construction
Materia ---------------
205
3-17 Sources of Geologie Information
116
7-3
Soil Stabi1ization
o .._
205
3
-1
8
Summary
117
7-4
Soil Compaction
207
08
7-5
Tbe ory of
Compaction
Cbapter
Soil Classification Tests and
7-6
Compaction of Cobesionless Soils
212
Common
S
ys
tems
119
7-7
Structure and Properties of Compacted
4-1 Generai
119
Cohesive Soils
213
4-2 Soil Tests for Classificat
ion.L..,
121
7-8
Stabilizationof Expansive Clays · -
. 215
4-3
The Unified Soil Classification System
v
128
7-9
O t h e r C o m m e n t s o n S o i l C o m p a c t i o ~ 2 6
4-4
The AASHTO
Soil Classificati
on
System 135
7-1 0
Excavation
and
Compaction Equipment
217
4-5 Generai Description
of AASHTO
Soil
7-11
Compac
ti
on
Specifications
223
Classification Subgroups
137 7-12
F
ie
d Contro of Compaction
225
4-6 The AASHTO Group
Ind
ex
138
7-13
Statistica Field Unit Weight Contro
230
4
-7
Field Identification Tests
14
0 7-14
Deep Compaction of In Si
tu
Soils
232
4-8
Sum
mar
y
141
7-15
Static Stabilization
234
7-16
Fabric Stabilization
234
h ~ p t e r 5
Soil Structure
and
Clay Minerals
g 145
7-1 7
Soil-Cement and Lime-Fly-Ash Soil Stabil ization
236
5-1 Soils
and
Soil
Formation . .
145
7-1 8
Special Problems in Soil Compaction
238
5-2 Soìl Structure and Fabric
146
7-
19
Summary
239
5-3 Soìl Cohesion
and
Friction 146
5-4 Granular
Soil Structure
147
Chapter 8
Soil Hydraulics, Permeability,
5-5
Other Considerations of Granular Soil Structure;
Capillarity, and Shrinkage
241
Relative Density
149
8-1
Water
in Soil
241
5-6
Structure of Cohesive Soìls
q
154
8-2
Permeabilìty
242
5-7
Clay and Clay Minerai'
158
8-3
Soil Water Flow and the Bernoulli Energy Equatìon
245
5-8
Generai Clay Minerai Properties
163
8-4
Determination of the Coefficient of Permeability <
249
5-9 Summary
167
8-5
Lìmitations and Other Considerations in Determìning
252
Chapter 6
Soil Exploration and Sampling
170
8-6
Effective Coefficient of Permeabilìty
of 4.
Stratified Soils
254
6-1 Introduction
170
8-7
Capìllarity and Capillary Effects in So
ìl
257
6-2 Site Investigation
171
8-8
Seepage Forces and Quick Conditions
267
6-3
Site Geology
172
8-9
Summary
274
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.
COl'TEl 'TS ix
viii COKTE:-:TS
Preconsolidation and Estimat ion of the1 -5
Seepage and Flow Ne t Theory
277
Preconsolidation Pressure
365
hapter 9
9-1
Introduction
277
11-6
The
Compression Parameters
367
9-2
Seepage
Fl
ow through Soil-
The
LaPlace Equation
278
11-7 Compression Parameters fo r Arithmetic Plots
369
9-3
Flow Nets
280
11-8 Empirica Approximations for C, and
370
9-4
Fio
w ets for Sheet-Pile Cut-Oif Walls
282
11-9
Soil Structure and Consoliaation
<
372
9-5 Flow Nets fo r Earth Dams
286
11-
10
Settlement Computations
373
9-6
Methods for Obtaining the Ph reatic Line l -
li Secondary Compression (Creep) Senlemems
374
for
Earth Dam
s
289
ll -
12
Illustrative Examples
376
9-7
Flow
Net
Construction
293
ll
-13 Controlling Consolidation Settlements
382
9-8.
Direct Computation of Seepage Quantity
296
11-14 Reliability
of
Consolidation Settlement
Computations
382
11-15 Summary
383
-9
The Flow Net When kx k
297
9-10
Contro) ofSeepage through
Da
ms
299
Rate of Consolidation
387
-11
Sudden
Drawd
own
and
Seepage Forces
301
Chapter
l2
9-12
Pip ing and Contro of Piping
302
12-l
The Coefficient of Consolidation
387
9-13
Other Method
s
fo
r Seepage Quantities 304 12-2 Percent Consolidati
on
391
9-14
Elements of Weli Hydrau lics
305
12
-3 Methods of Obtaining the Time of
-
15
Summary
307
Intere
st
for
Computing
c .
393
12-4
Rate of Consolidation Based on Strain
396
Chapter
10
Stresses Strains, and Rheological Concepts
310
12-5 Illustrative Examples
402
310
12-6 Consol idation Ra tes fo r Layered Med ia
410
O-l
Generai Considerations
Three-Dimensional Consolidation
411
0-2
Generai Stresses and Strains
at
a Point
312 12-7
411
0-3
Theory
of
Elasticity Concepts Used in
12-8 Summary
Soil Mechanics Problems
313
-<
0-4
Octahedral Stresses
314
Chapter 3 Shear
Strength of Soils
414
10-5
Stress
-Str
ain
Modulu
s
and
Hooke's Law
320
13
-1
In
tr
oduction 414
10-6
Anisotro pie Soil
325
13-2
Shear Strength Parameters
c
and P 41 6
10-7
Two-Dimensional Stresses a t a Poi m
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.
X CONTENTS
14-4
Factors
Affecting the Stress-Strain
Modu
lus
and
Approximations
482
14-5
Resilient Modulus
482
14-6 Dynamic So
il
Stress-Strain Modulus
483
14-7 Cyclic Modulus of Deformation
and
Li
que
faction
486
14
-8 Summary 496
Chapter 5
Latera Pressures, Bearing Capacit
y
and Settlement
498
15-1 Introduction
498
15-2
Soil Stresses
at
a Point-K. Conditions 498
15-3 Active and Passive Earth Pressures
501
15-4 Pressur
es
against Wa lls 506
15-5 Inclined Cohesionless Ground
507
15-6
Latera Ear th Pressure for Cohesive Soils 510
15-7
The
Triai Wedge Solution 513
15-8 Logarithmic Spirai and -Circle Methods for
Passive Pressure in Cohesionless Soil 514
15-9 B
ear
ing
Capacity
Theoretical
517
15-10 Bearing Capacity by Empirica Methods
522
15-11 Other B
ea
ring Capacity Problems
524
15-12 Deep Fountlations
525
15-13
Immediate Settlement Computations
529
15-14 Summary
533
Chapter 6
Stability of Slopes
536
16-1 Generai Considerations in Stability
of
Slopes 536
16-2 Infinite
Sl
opes 537
16-3 Stabil ity
of In
fin
ite Cohesive Slopes 539
16-4
Circular Are Analysis 540
16-5
The -Circle Method
542
16-6 S1ope Stability Charts
544
16-7 Slope Ana1ysis by Me
th
od of Slices
551
16-8 Wedge Block Analysis
16-9 Validity of S1ope Stability Analyses 558
16-10 Summary 559
Bibliography
563
Ind
exes
571
Name
In dex
Subject l ndex
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
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HRB
HRR
ASCE
JGE
D
JSMFD
PSC
ASTM
S
TP
CGJ
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Highway Research Record. Publications available from TRB if in
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of
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l
Engineers
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of
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1974-
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Pr
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ShearStrength
of
Cohesive Soils (1960)
3d PSC: Placement and Improvement
of
Soil to Suppor Struc
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PSC
Performance
of
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6th PSC: In
Si
tu Measurement
of
Soil Properties (1975)
American Society for Te
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Canadian
Geotechnical Journal, Ottawa, Canada.
56
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564
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566
PHYSICAL
ANO
GEOTECH:-JICA L
PR
OPE RTIES
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17
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