Protista Part I

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ProtistaPart I

Taken from:

BIO 2215

Oklahoma City Community College

Dennis Anderson

Edited by: Glen Mangali


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Protozoa


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Leewenhoek

First observed

protozoa in 1675

animalcules


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Amoeba video


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Kingdom Protista

Protozoa - 64,000 sp

Animal like

Unicellular

Some are colonial Motile

Reproduce

Sexual

Asexual

Nutrition

Heterotrophic

Autotrophic


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Origin of Protozoa

Earthis 4.6 billion years old

Prokaryotic cells date back over3.5 billion

years 1.5 Billion years ago

Eukaryotic cells

Became protozoans


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MAINTAINING HOMEOSTASIS

Pellicle regular arrangement of

microtubules underlie the plasma

membrane

Cytoplasm:

Two regions:

1.Ectoplasm located beneath thepellicle

2.Endoplasm inner cytoplasm;granular

andmore liquid8


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Freshwater organism follow osmosis in

regulatingwater

Contractile vacuole usein removingexcess water

Cytopharynx analogous part like the

mouth

Egestion vacuole term usedwhen

digestionis completed

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Reproduction:

Asexual:

1. Binary fission2. Budding

3.Multiple fission or schizogony

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Symbiotic lifestyles

Symbiosis is anintimate association-

between two organisms

Protist is involvedin parasitism Some parasites have life cycles including

multiplehost

Definitivehost harbor sexual stages Intermediatehost produce asexually

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Commensalisms one benefit the otheris

neitherhamrnor affected

Mutualism both species benefit

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Movement

Pseudopodia

Flagella

Cilia Nonmotile


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Fig. 11.4


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Flagella


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Cilia


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Reproduction

Sexual

Male and femalegametes

Asexual Binary Fission

Schizogony

Sporogony

Encystment andExcystment


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188-3

Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Fig. 8.4

Mitosis

Division ofnucleus

Cytokinesis Division of cytoplasm

Binary Fission


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Schizogony


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Sporogongy

Like schizogony except occurs after union

ofgametes

v


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Encystment andExcystment

Cyst forms to survive

harshenvironment

Dormant stage

Resistant covering Shuts downmetablolism

Up to 49 years!

Parasite leaves host


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PhylumChlorophyta

Chloroplasts

Volvox

Flagella

Colony

Movie


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Volvox, A Colonial Flagellate


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Fig. 11.12


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PhylumRetortamonada

Flagella

Two nuclei

No chloroplasts

No mitochondria

Parasites


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PhylumRetortamonada

Class Diplomonadea

Giardia lamblia Giardiasis

Backpackers disease

Beaver fever

Inhabits intestines ofseveral animals andman

Acquired by drinkingwaterwith cysts

Cramping anddiarrhea


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PhylumAxostylata

Axostyle

Rod along the

longitudinal axis


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PhylumAxostylata

Class Parabasalea

Trichomonas

vaginalis

Four flagella

STD

Vaginitis

Whitedischarge and

itching Most people a

asymptomatic


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Trichonympha

Symbiont ingut oftermite

PhylumAxostylata

Class Parabasalea


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PhylumEuglenozoa

Flagella

Pellicle

Stiff cell membrane

Allows the cell to

change shape


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PhylumEuglenozoa

Class Euglenoidea

Euglena

Chloroplasts

photosynthesis

Movie


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Fig. 11.14Euglena


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PhylumEuglenozoa

Class Trypanosomatidea

Trypanosoma

Parasites in the blood

Chagas disease

Central and SouthAmerica

Sleeping sickness

Africa


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Chagas Disease

16-18 million persons infected in

Central & South America

Transmission by infected Kissing Bugs& blood transfusions


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Kissing Bugs hidein cracks in

walls ofhouses during theday.


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Feed at night


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Trypanosomes invade blood


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Acute stage seenmainly in

childrenincludes localinflammation at site ofinvasion


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Chronic Chagas disease

develops10-20

years later

Enlargement of the spleen and liver

Irreversibledamage to heart & colon

Thereis no effective treatment

Deathdue to heart failureis most

common.


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Effects onheart


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Effects on colon


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Screening by Xenodiagnosis


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African Sleeping Sickness

Parasite - Trypanosoma

Chronic disease lasting

years.

Affecting countries ofwestern & central Africa.

Vector - Tsetse fly

(Glossina)

Reservoirs - infectedwild

animals andhumans


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African Sleeping Sickness



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opyright The McGraw ill ompanies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Tsetse fly Trypanosome


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Stages ofInfection

Early - fever,weakness,headache, joint

pains.

Intermediate - anemia,cardiovascular

,endocrine & kidney disorders.

Late - CNS involvement,indifference to

environment, unpredictablemood

changes, coma anddeath.


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50-70% ofinhabitants of some

villages may beinfected.


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End Part I

Documents

Protista Part I