Protista Part II

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ProtistaPart II

Taken from:

BIO 2215

Oklahoma City Community College

Dennis Anderson

Edited by : Glen R. Mangali


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Phylum Euglenozoa

Either a. phytoflagellated or

zooloflagellated

They have one or two flagella insertedinto an apical pocket

Presence of spiral or crystalline rod on

their flagella


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Phylum Euglenozoa

Phytoflagellated protozoa

Possess one or two flagella and

produce large portion of food in marinefood webs

Haploid and reproduce longitudinal

binary fission

Sources of oxygen in aquatic habitat

Ex. Euglena orient towards light

intensities ( have stigma)


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Phylum Euglenozoa

Zooflagellated protozoa

Lack chloroplast and are heterotrophic

Have single, large mitochondria knownas kinetoplast

Most are parasite of nonhuman

mammals Normally found in Africa


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Either a.

phytoflagellated or

zooloflagellated

Phylum Euglenozoa


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Sand Fly

Vector for

leishmaniasis

Genus Phlebotomus


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Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Parasites form skin

ulcers.


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As many as 200 lesions may form

causing disability and social stigma


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Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis

Central & South

America

Destroys mucous

membranes of nose &

mouth


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Visceral Leishmaniasis

Kala Azar Primarily occurs inAfrica and Asia.

Characterized by

irregular fever, weightloss, swelling of

spleen & liver, &

anemia.

Fatality can be 90% if

untreated.


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Phylum Apicomplexa

Class

Coccidea

Apical complex

Helps in penetrating

hosts cells

Endoparasites

Movement

Male gamete

Male gametocyte


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Plasmodium

Malaria

Most important parasitic

disease of humans today

WHO estimates that 270million new cases occur

annually with 2 million

annual deaths

Transmitted by bite of

infected mosquitoes of

genus Anopheles


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Mosquito feeds on blood of

infected host & ingests

gametocytes


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ametes un te n mosqu to

stomach to form oocysts in wall

of stomach


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Oocysts


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Sporozoites produced in

oocysts by sporogony move to

salivary glands of mosquito &

are injected into next host


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Sporozoites invade liver cells

and undergo schizogony to

produce merozoites


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Merozoites invade circulating

RBCs


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Each merozoite produces as

many as36

new merozoitesthrough schizogony in RBCs


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Merozoites rupture RBCs to

invade other RBC

s

Simultaneous lysing of RBCs causes the

sudden chills & fever typical of malaria


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Gametocytes are produced in

blood & ingested by mosquito tocomplete the cycle


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Sporozoites from mosquito bite

Schizogony to make merozoites

Ingest gametocytes

Sporozoites to liver

Merozoites enter RBCs

Schizogony to make merozoites

Fertilization in stomach

Oocyst forms

Sporozoites by sporogony

Sporozoites invade salivary gland

Man Mosquito

Merozoites become gametocytesMerozoites become gametocytes Bites man


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Toxoplasma Toxoplasmosis

Parasite

Cats, man, other

mammals & birds


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Fetus

Birth defects

Mental retardation

Aids Patients

Fatal infection


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Eimeria

Coccidiosis

Birds and mammals

Bloody diarrhea


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Coccidiosis


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Coccidiosis


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Phylum Cilophora

Cilia for movement


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Trichocysts

Released as a

defense

Long threadlike

Release triggered by

mechanical or

chemical stimulation


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Phylum Cilophora

Paramecium

Movie


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Phylum Cilophora

Vorticella

Spiral stock attaches

to substrate

Contract and extend

Cilia used to sweepfood into mouth (see

arrow)

Movie


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Phylum Cilophora

Stentor

Solitary

Use cilia to sweep

food into mouth

Movie


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Phylum Cilophora

Didinium

Bands of cilia

Eats Paramecium


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Phylum Cilophora

Spirostoman

Up to 3 mm long


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Phylum Dinoflagellata


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Phylum Dinoflagellata

Two flagella

Transverse

Longitudinal

Some photosynthetic

Some heterotrophic

Some have cell wall

made of plates Red tide

neurotoxin


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Zooxanthellae

Photosynthetic

dinoflagellates

(brown)

Live in corals

Provide nutrients for

coral by

photosynthesis

Mutualism

Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc Permission required for reproduction or display


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Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Amebas


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Amoeba proteus


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Entomoeba histolytica

Amoebic dysentery

Transmitted by food &

water contaminated

with cysts

Bloody diarrhea


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Copyright he raw Hill Companies, In Permission required for reprodu tion or display

Difflugia



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py g p , q p p y

Variations in Pseudopodia


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Radiolarians

Abundant in the

ocean

Ocean floors covered

Forms sedimentaryrock

Siliceous test (shell)

Skeleton made of

silica Numerous geometric

designs


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Radiolarian Tests


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Foraminifera

Secrete a test (shell)

of calcium carbonate

Grow new chambers

as organismincreases in size

Foramen (opening)

between chambers

Shells constitute vastdeposits on ocean

floors


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Foraminifera Tests


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White Cliffs of Dover, England

Foramifera deposits

uplifted from oceanfloor

Chalk


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Pyramids of Egypt

Made of limestonefrom foraminera


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Plankton

Small organisms that drift in the ocean and

freshwater

Pastures of the seas

Many different protozoans

Zooplankton

Phytoplankton


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Which Animal Has A Higher

Surface Area to Volume Ratio?


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Which Organism Has A Higher

Surface Area to Volume Ratio?


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Smaller Organisms Have A Higher

Surface Area To Volume Ratio

Advantage of more

surface area/volume

Easier to get food

Easier to get oxygen

Disadvantage of more

surface area/volume

Loose heat faster

Warm blooded animals

have to consume morecalories

Hummingbird eats 2/3 body

weight each day

Need transport systems

for food and oxygen


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Symbosis

Living together

Parasitism

Commensalism

Mutualism


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Parasitism

Parasite benefits

Host harmed


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Mutualism

Both organisms

benefit from living

together


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Commensalism

Bird nest and tree

Bird benefits

Tree not affected


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The End

Documents

Protista Part II