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Development Plan of
Korean Energy Management System
Jinsu Lee*, Seokha Song**, Sunghak Kim***
Abstract Korea Power Exchange (KPX) is currently under the
developing an EnergyManagement System. This paper reports on the
development plan of the Korean Energy
Management System (K-EMS). In addition to the basic EMS
functions such as SCADA,
Automatic Generation Control, Economic Dispatch, Network
Analysis and Dispatcher Training
Simulator, the K-EMS will also have market related function,
Dispatch Optimal Schedule. The K-
EMS will be developed as 3 phases such as Base-line EMS,
Proto-type EMS and finally Full-scale
EMS through 5 years.
Keywords:Energy Management System, SCADA, Automatic Generation
Control, EconomicDispatch, Network Analysis, Dispatcher Training
Simulator.
1. Introduction
The Korea Power Exchange is the electricity market
operator and independent system operator for the Korea
electric power grid. As of April 2, 2001, following the
government-driven restructuring plan and under the
Electricity Business Act of Korea, the KPX was founded as
a core organization responsible for management of thenewly
introduced competitive electricity market in Korea.
The objective of the KPX is to manage the electricity
market in a reasonable and transparent manner so that
power producers and suppliers can participate in the market
with equal rights.
Korea electricity market has been in operation since
April 2, 2001. As the first stage of competition, generation
sectors have been in competition and they submit dispatch
offers. This Cost Based Pool price consists of System
Marginal Price and Capacity Payment. The System
Marginal Price reflects the production costs of the
lastgenerator brought into operation and this ensures that
actual
generation cost is paid. The Capacity Payment is paid to all
generators that submitted offers, whether or not dispatched,
for capital cost recovery. In the Cost Based Pool market,
generators can submit capacity offers but price offers are
not allowed. Generators are obliged to provide the details
of
their production costs. This information is then used by the
KPX to determine the lowest rate schedules for both setting
market prices and dispatching the generations.
KPXs system peak load for 2005 was 54,631 MW and
its installed generating capacity in August 2005 was 61,737
MW. KPX operates a network of transmission lines with
voltage levels ranging from 154 kV, 345 kV to 765 kV. The
KPX power system is not connected to any other utilities at
the present time, although there is a future possibility of
interconnection with the North Korean power system. KPXalso
serves the Che-Ju Island, which is connected to the
main land by an HVDC link.
KPXs National Control Center dispatches the generation
resources, monitors and controls the 345kV and 765kV
transmission system, and monitors and directs the operation
of the looped 154kV transmission system. KPX has two
control centers, the primary and the backup site, separately
located for mutual backup.
2. K-EMS Hardware Architecture
The K-EMS will be configured using standard hardware
products. All processors in the K-EMS system will be
configured as dual redundant for very high availability and
scalability.
2.1 Processors
The application processors (also referred to as hosts or
servers) execute a variety of K-EMS application programs,
such as Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
(SCADA), Automatic Generation Control (AGC), and
Network Analysis (NA). Application processors typically
serve as the centralized source of database, display, and
* Information Technology Department, Korea Power Exchange,
Korea.([email protected])
** Information Technology Department, Korea Power Exchange,
Korea.([email protected])
*** Information Technology Department, Korea Power Exchange,
Korea.([email protected])
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]
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report definitions. Most program and database development
will be performed on an application processor.
The communication processors (also referred to as front-
end processors) retrieve, transmit, and process data to and
from remote sources, particularly RTUs and remote
computer systems. Communication processors typically
operate on data definitions and other parameters down
loaded from application processors. Data retrieved and
processed from sources may be stored in a communication
processor, which then distributes the data to other
processors periodically or on demand.
Workstations are processors primarily used to present
displays and process user requests.
2.2 Main Memory
The main memory of each processor, including
workstations, will have sufficient memory capacity to
satisfy the requirements of all system functions under
normal and peak conditions. At least twenty-five percent
(25%) of each delivered main memory shall be spare
capacity.
The main memory of each processor will be available for
data storage, program execution, and all input/output
operations without restrictions. The main memory of each
delivered processor and workstation will be expandable to
two times the size of the delivered memory in the field
solely by card or circuit module additions.
2.3 Processor Utilization
The K-EMS will support all functions using no more
than 40% of the processing capability of each application
processor and no more than 60% of the processing capacity
of each communication processor under the normal
conditions. The K-EMS will support all functions described
in this Specification using no more than 60% of the
processing capability of each application processor and no
more than 70% of the processing capacity of eachcommunication
processor under the normal conditions and
the ultimate data capacity.
2.4 Local Area Networks
Where a local area network is used to connect processors
to other processors or other devices to processors, the LAN
will be non-proprietary, conforming to the ISO8802/IEEE
802 series standards. LAN interfaces will preclude LAN
failure if a processor, device, or LAN interface fails. LAN
interfaces will also allow reconfiguration of the LAN and
the attached devices without disrupting operations.
2.5 Consoles
A console may consist of one or more workstations
driving one or more monitors, a single keyboard, and a
cursor positioning device. The user will be able to switch
the keyboard and cursor positioning device, as a unit,
among all the monitors at a console via pushbuttons or
other controls.
2.6 Mapboards
A hybrid mapboard consisting of multiple rear projection
display units, computer-based chart recorders, digital
indicators, and time displays will be provided with K-EMS.
2.7 RTU Communication Interfaces
RTU communications will use the IEC 60870-5, or DNP3.0 as
designated by the Programmer for each
communication channel. There will be no restriction on the
assignment of a protocol to any single channel, except that
individual channels need support only one protocol. The K-
EMS will also support other industry accepted RTU
protocols. The RTU communication speed will be 9600 bits
per second or faster.
2.8 Communication Interface with Other Systems
The K-EMS will exchange data with KPX's corporate
system and other remote computer systems. The K-EMS
will support the data link protocols such as X.25, TCP/IP,
ICCP, IEC 61850 and IEC 61970 in order to exchange data
with existing and new computer systems.
3. K-EMS Application Software
K-EMS will apply a state-of-the-art technology of
modern power system application.
3.1 Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
The Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)
function will provide real-time data collection from RTUs
or Regional Control Centers (RCCs) located at substations
and power plants. Through communication path between
TFE and field RTUs, real-time data from power plants and
high voltage substation above 345kV will be directly
collected at every two seconds. Real-time data from 154kV
substation will also be collected through Communication
Interface server and local RCC system at every ten seconds.
3.2 Automatic Generation Control
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The Automatic Generation Control (AGC) will provide
supplementary control that automatically adjusts the power
output levels of generating units within KPX control area.
AGC will include load frequency control, economic
dispatch, frequency scheduling, reserve computation, and
production cost monitor.
AGC will be implemented for up to 1,000 generating
units and be capable of controlling multiple control areas
such as Che-Ju Island. Most of the generating units will be
controlled by a setpoint representing the units desired
generation output. The remaining old type generating units
will be controlled by variable length raise/lower pulses
representing the change in the units desired generation.
The allocation of control to generating units will be
executed at every four seconds.
3.3 Network Analysis
The Network Analysis (NA) functions will monitor the
operation of KPX electric system, analyze electric system
for power system security problems, and determine
corrective and preventive control strategies which are used
by the system operator to minimize the impact of existing
power system security problems on reliable and economic
operation.
The NA functions will include State Estimator,
Transmission Loss Sensitivity Factors, Contingency
Analysis, Security Enhancement, Voltage Var Dispatch,
Power Flow, and Short Circuit Analysis, etc.Real-time network
application will be executed
following the successful completion of the SE.
3.4 Dispatch Optimal Schedule
This dispatch engine will employ Security-Constrained
Economic Dispatch with Network Security Analysis and
Network Constrained Dispatch applications. In constrained
dispatch, in addition to all the input data used in
unconstrained dispatch, transmission limits are considered
under normal and contingency conditions. The solution ofthe
constrained dispatch satisfies the demand, network
constraints and system constraints.
3.5 Dispatcher Training Simulator
The Dispatcher Training Simulator (DTS) function will
include features for use in DTS operators for normal,
emergency, and restorative control of the KPX power
system. The DTS will support a power system model that
will simulate the power system in a realistic manner
including static and dynamic simulation of the power
system and response to simulated events, a control center
model that will provide an exact representation of the K-
EMS, and instructor control features.
The DTS will be isolated from the on-line K-EMS, but
will have the capability to obtain data from the K-EMS
during its initialization.
4. Development Schedule
K-EMS development project had been started in
November, 2005 and will have been completed in October,
2010. The K-EMS will be developed by three phases.
4.1 Base-line EMS
The Base-line EMS will be developed in 30 months from
the starting point of the project. It will include the
essential
EMS functions as follows;
SCADA
Economic Dispatch
Load forecasting
State Estimator
Power Flow
Transmission Loss Factor
4.2 Proto-type EMS
The Proto-type EMS will be developed in 44 months
from the starting point of the project. The following
functions are developed and integrated with the Base-lineEMS
functions into the Proto-type EMS.
Advanced SCADA Functions
Optimal Power Flow
Security Constrained Economic Dispatch
Voltage Var Dispatch
4.3 Full-scale EMS
The Full-scale EMS will be developed in 60 months from
the starting point of the project. The following functions
are
developed and integrated with the Proto-type EMSfunctions into
the Full-scale EMS.
Dispatch Optimal Schedule Functions
Security Enhancement
Available Transfer Capability
Short Circuit Analysis
Contingency Analysis
Dispatcher Training Simulator
5. Conclusion
There has been a great progress in an information
technology in recent years. The electricity industry has
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adopted those advanced technology to its various fields.
This is same to EMS technology.
This paper briefly described the development plan of
Korean Energy Management System. After completion of
the K-EMS development project, KPX, as an independent
system operator, will operates its power system using K- E
MS for the more optimal control and more reliable
operation of the generation and the transmission network in
Korea.
AcknowledgementsThe development of Korean Energy Management
System
is supported by electricity power industry R&D project
of
the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy (MOCIE)
in Korea.
References[1] Korea Power Exchange, "Technical Specification
of
the K-EMS," vol. 2, 2006.
[2] Very Large Power Grid Operators, "EMS Architectures
for the 21st Century", 2005 Very Large Power Grid
Operators International Working Group #2.
