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KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGTHAN BHUBANESWAR REGION

Akrrl xWri /xqa STUDY / SUPPORT MATERIAL

2012 13

M XI/ CLASS XI

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COMPUTER SCIENCE

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KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN

REGIONAL OFFICE, PRAGATI VIHAR MANCHESWAR, BHUBANESWAR

ODISHA - 751017

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS CHIEF PATRON : SHRI AVINASH DIKSHIT COMMISSIONER, KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN NEW DELHI PATRON : MS. R. KALAVATHI DEPUTY COMMISSIONER KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN BHUBANESWAR REGION ADVISORS : SHRI M.V.R.K. SASTRY ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN BHUBANESWAR REGION SHRI G.S.N. REDDY ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN BHUBANESWAR REGION CO-ORDINATOR : SHRI S.K. CHOPDAR ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN

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BHUBANESWAR REGION

STUDY MATERIAL PREPARATION COMMITTEE CONVENER : SHRI S.K. BEHURA PRINCIPAL, KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA NO. 1, UNIT IX, BHUBANESWAR MEMBERS : SH. ARUN KUMAR PGT(COMP.SC.), KV NO.1, 2ND SHIFT, BHUBANESWAR SH. KAMAL KANT GUPTA PGT(COMP.SC.), K.V. NO.-2, SV NAGAR ,VSKP

SH. ANIL KUMAR S S PGT(COMP.SC.), K.V. NO.-1, SV NAGAR,VSKP SH. MUNENDRA PRAKASH PGT(COMP.SC.),

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K.V., WALTAIR,VSKP

PREFACE

Kendriya Vidyalayas are pace setting institutions spread across the length and

breadth of this vast country including a few in the foreign lands. Text books are like the

sumptuous meals but a few students do need a digestive tablets to digest the food. The

condensed versions of the text books is what the study material is.

For the academic year 2012-13, the task of preparing the study material has been

entrusted with Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan, BhubaneswarRegion for the students of

Class XI in Computer Science.

Every effort has been made by four of your chosen PGTs (Computer Science) to

present the material in brief but not compromising on the matter to the presented. Stress

has equally been laid on the HOTs (Higher Older Thinking Skills) questions, as well as

the simpler concepts. All the four PGTs (Computer Science) Sh. Arun Kumar, Sh. Kamal

Kant Gupta, Sh. Anil Kumar S S, Sh. Munendra Prakash deserve the appreciation for

their efforts.

I am sure, the support material will definitely of help to our students to prepare

for the examinations besides helping them in understanding the subject.

(R. KALAVATHI) DEPUTY COMMISSIONER KVS, BHUBANESWAR REGION

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SUPPORT MATERIAL COMPUTER SCIENCE

2012-13

CBSE Mark Distribution for different Units

Sl. No Unit Name Marks 1 UNIT 1 Computer Fundamental 10 2 UNIT 2 Introduction to C++ 14 3 UNIT 3 Programming Methodology 10 4 UNIT 4 Programming in C++ 36

Total Marks 70

Weightage to different forms of questions S.

No. Forms of Question Marks for each

question No. of

Questions Total

Marks 1 Very Short Answer Questions (VSA) 01 09 09 2 Short Answer Questions- Type 1 (SA1) 02 13 26 3 Short Answer Questions- Type II (SAII) 03 05 15 4 Long Answer Questions- (LA) 04 05 20 Total 32 70

Difficulty Level of Questions S. N. Estimated Difficulty Level Percentage of questions

1 Easy 15% 2 Average 70% 3 Difficult 15%

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INDEX

S.No. Topics PAGE NO.

1 Unit 1 : Computer Fundamentals 06

2 Unit 2 : Introduction to C++ 27

3 Unit 3 : Programming methodology 40

4 Unit 4: Programming in C++ 43

5 Sample Papers 115

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Unit-1

Computer Fundamentals Objective:

To impart in-depth knowledge of computer related basic terminologies. To inculcate the skills of implementation of basic theory in troubleshooting the

software & hardware problems. What is Computer? Computer is an advanced electronic device that takes raw data as input from the user and processes these data under the control of set of instructions (called program) and gives the result (output) and saves output for the future use. It can process both numerical and non-numerical (arithmetic and logical) calculations.

A computer has four functions: a. accepts data

Input

b. processes data Processing c. produces output Output d. stores results Storage

Input (Data): Input is the raw information entered into a computer from the input devices. It is the collection of letters, numbers, images etc.

Process: Process is the operation of data as per given instruction. It is totally internal process of the computer system.

Output: Output is the processed data given by computer after data processing. Output is also called as Result. We can save these results in the storage devices for the future use. Computer System All of the components of a computer system can be summarized with the simple equations. COMPUTER SYSTEM = HARDWARE + SOFTWARE+ USER

Hardware = Internal Devices + Peripheral Devices All physical parts of the computer (or everything that we can touch) are known as Hardware.

Software = Programs Software gives "intelligence" to the computer.

USER = Person, who operates computer. Generation of computer: First Generation (1940-56):

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The first generation computers used vaccum tubes & machine language was used for giving the instructions. These computer were large in size & their programming was difficult task. The electricity

consumption was very high. Some computers of this generation are ENIAC, EDVAC, EDSAC & UNIVAC-1. Second Generation(1956-63): In 2nd generation computers, vaccum tubes were replaced by transistors. They required only 1/10 of power required by tubes. This generation computers generated less heat & were reliable. The first operating system developed in this generation. The Third Generation(1964-71): The 3rd generation computers replaced transistors with Integrated circuit known as chip. From Small scale integrated circuits which had 10 transistors per chip, technology developed to MSI circuits with 100 transistors per chip. These computers were smaller, faster & more reliable. High level languages invented in this generation. The fourth Generation(1972- present): LSI & VLSI were used in this generation. As a result microprocessors came into existence. The computers using this technology known to be Micro Computers. High capacity hard disk were invented. There is great development in data communication. The Fifth Generation (Present & Beyond): Fifth generation computing devices, based on artificial intelligence, are still in development, though there are some applications, such as voice recognition, that are being used today. The use of parallel processing and superconductors is helping to make artificial intelligence a reality. Quantum computation and molecular and nanotechnology will radically change the face of computers in years to come. ARCHITECTURE OF COMPUTER

Input Devices: Those devices which help to enter data into computer system. Eg. Keyboad, Mouse, Touchscreen, Barcode Reader, Scanner, MICR, OMR etc.

Bar code Reader MICR used in Bank OMR(Used for answer sheet evaluation)

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http://webopedia.com/TERM/artificial_intelligence.htmlhttp://webopedia.com/TERM/voice_recognition.htmlhttp://webopedia.com/TERM/parallel_processing.htmlhttp://webopedia.com/TERM/parallel_processing.htmlhttp://webopedia.com/TERM/quantum_computing.htmlhttp://webopedia.com/TERM/quantum_computing.htmlhttp://webopedia.com/TERM/nanotechnology.html

Output Devices: Those devices which help to display the processed information. Eg. Monitor, Printer, Plotter, Projector

Printer Plotter Projector CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU) The main component to make a computer operate is the computer chip or microprocessor. This is referred to as the Central Processing Unit (CPU) and is housed in the computer case. Together, they are also called the CPU. It performs arithmetic and logic operations. The CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the device that interprets and executes instructions.

Processor Memory: It facilitates the remembrance power to computer system. It refers to the physical devices used to store programs (sequences of instructions) or data (e.g. program state information) on a temporary or permanent basis for use in a computer or other digital electronic device. The term primary memory is used for the information in physical systems which are fast (i.e. RAM), as a distinction from secondary memory, which are physical devices for program and data storage which are slow to access but offer higher memory capacity. Primary memory stored on secondary memory is called virtual memory. Primary Memory can be categorized as Volatile Memory & Non-Volatile Memory.

Volatile memory(RAM)

Volatile memory is computer memory that requires power to maintain the stored information. Most modern semiconductor volatile memory is either Static RAM or dynamic RAM.

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SRAM retains its contents as long as the power is connected and is easy to interface to but uses six transistors per bit.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_(computer_science)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digitalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_memoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_memoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wi