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Page 1: QFQ9 VwIFI cc;]DGcc S[ SFjI SF 5|UlTJFNL lJRFZv51Fccshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/3826/12/12_chapter 6.pdf · 390 qfq9 vwifi o qfq9 vwifi o cc;]dgcc s[ sfji sf 5|ultjfnl

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SF JFCS AGF P c;]DGc HL S[ XaN N[lB/ v

ccICL\ GFlH³IM\ G[ 5CRFGF4 SCT[ lS;[ ;DZ SZ

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QFQ9 VwIFI o QFQ9 VwIFI o QFQ9 VwIFI o QFQ9 VwIFI o QFQ9 VwIFI o cc;]DGcc S[ SFjI SF 5|UlTJFNL lJRFZv51Fcc

ICF¥ 5F¥RJF N:TF SFID4 SZGF C]VF V;dEJ

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HA lS .;S[ 5}6" VlWSFZL DH³N}ZvlS;FG Y[ P .;l,/ 5} ¥HLJFlNIM\

SL .; VgIFIL GLlT SF V\T VJxI CL CMGF YF VF{Z ~; S[ äFZF

IC C]VF EL4 c;]DGc HL S[ XaN N[lB/ v

Page 71: QFQ9 VwIFI cc;]DGcc S[ SFjI SF 5|UlTJFNL lJRFZv51Fccshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/3826/12/12_chapter 6.pdf · 390 qfq9 vwifi o qfq9 vwifi o cc;]dgcc s[ sfji sf 5|ultjfnl

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QFQ9 VwIFI o QFQ9 VwIFI o QFQ9 VwIFI o QFQ9 VwIFI o QFQ9 VwIFI o cc;]DGcc S[ SFjI SF 5|UlTJFNL lJRFZv51Fcc

ccNM ;F{ JQFM " SL VF{nMlUS

pgGlT SFD G VF>

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lGH T,JFZ p9F>

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O,:J~5 OF;LJFN S[ lJ~â SL HFU'lT CL p;SL TFST AG U>

VF{Z ,}8[Z[ OFl;:TM\ SF ;OFIF C]VF P c;]DGc HL S[ XaN N[lB/ v

ccHU[ JLZ4 HFUL J;]gWZF

HFUL I]U SL ¾JF,F

ICF¥ ,}8[Z[ OFl;:TM SM

50³F DF{T ;[ 5F,F Pcc(_

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VgIFI VF{Z VtIFRFZ SF S}RÊ R,FSZ HGTF SF B}G R};F YF P

.;S[ 5|TLS C{ \ lC8,Z4 TFHM VF{Z D];Ml,GL P ,[lSG .; HFU'lT SL

VluG SM lSTG[ EL VtIFRFZM \4 VGFRFZM\ ;[ A]hF GCL 5FI[ VF{Z

p;SF ;FD|F¾I wJ\; CM UIF P SlJ c;]DGc S[ XaNM\ SM N[lB/ v

Page 72: QFQ9 VwIFI cc;]DGcc S[ SFjI SF 5|UlTJFNL lJRFZv51Fccshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/3826/12/12_chapter 6.pdf · 390 qfq9 vwifi o qfq9 vwifi o cc;]dgcc s[ sfji sf 5|ultjfnl

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QFQ9 VwIFI o QFQ9 VwIFI o QFQ9 VwIFI o QFQ9 VwIFI o QFQ9 VwIFI o cc;]DGcc S[ SFjI SF 5|UlTJFNL lJRFZv51Fcc

cclC8,Z4 TMHM4 D];Ml,GL G[

V\H]l, EZ EZ ZÉT p,LRF

5Z G A]hL IC

5Z G A]hL IC

:JI\ A]h[ J[4 lHG CFYM\ G[

DFGJTF SF ìNI RLZ SZ .;SM ;L\RF P

lKgGvlEgG OFl;:TJFN SL RAL" RlR"T

HL6"vXL6" ;FD|F¾IJFN SL ~> HH"lZT

.;[ lD, U>4 lOZ ÉIF SCGF4

O0³S[ VWZ4 GFl;SF O},L4 VF¥B[ TDSL Pcc(!

.; 5|SFZ ;EL ;D:IFVM\ SF D}, ;FD|F¾IJFN4 5}¥HLJFN C{ P

VFH TS S[ .lTCF; SF ,[BFvHMBF N[B[ \ TM ;FDFgI HGTF SL

;D:IFVM\ S[ D}, D[ \ ICL C{ P VTo D},E}T 5lZJT"G .;D[ \ CMGF

RFlC/ P ;FD|F¾IJFN4 O³l;:TJFN VF{Z 5} ¥HLJFN SF GFX SZS[ CL

.G ;D:IFVM\ ;[ lG58FZF 5F ;ST[ C{ P c;]DGc HL UZLAL VF{Z XMQF6 SF

D}, .gCL\ ;FD|F¾IJFN VF{Z 5} ¥HLJFNL jIJ:YF SM DFGT[ C{ P VTo I[

/[;L jIJ:YF SF lJZMW SZT[ C{ P

&@?@*&@?@*&@?@*&@?@*&@?@* XMlQFTJU" S[ 5|lT ;CFG]E}lT4 ;\J[NGXL,TFXMlQFTJU" S[ 5|lT ;CFG]E}lT4 ;\J[NGXL,TFXMlQFTJU" S[ 5|lT ;CFG]E}lT4 ;\J[NGXL,TFXMlQFTJU" S[ 5|lT ;CFG]E}lT4 ;\J[NGXL,TFXMlQFTJU" S[ 5|lT ;CFG]E}lT4 ;\J[NGXL,TFVF{Z HFU'lT SF ;\N[XVF{Z HFU'lT SF ;\N[XVF{Z HFU'lT SF ;\N[XVF{Z HFU'lT SF ;\N[XVF{Z HFU'lT SF ;\N[X

5} ¥HLJFNL VY"jIJ:YF S[ 5lZ6FD :J~5 ;DFH D[ \ DH³N}Z

lS;FG VF{Z VFD VFNDL HM WlGS GCL\ C{ \4 JC 5Ll0³T C{ P XMQFS

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QFQ9 VwIFI o QFQ9 VwIFI o QFQ9 VwIFI o QFQ9 VwIFI o QFQ9 VwIFI o cc;]DGcc S[ SFjI SF 5|UlTJFNL lJRFZv51Fcc

JU" lH;D[ \ O{É8=L S[ DFl,S4 ;[9v;FC]SFZ4 H³DLNFZ4 pnMU5lT4

XlÉTDFG /J\ ;¿FJFG ZFHG[TF VFlN VFT[ C{ \ J[ V5G[ :JFY" SM

l;â SZG[ S[ l,/ DH³N}ZM \4 lS;FGM\ VF{Z DwIJUL"I VFD VFNDL SF

XMQF6 SZT[ C{ \4 pGS[ SFZ6 CL A[ZMH³UFZL A-³TL C{ VF{Z pGD[ \ ;[ CL

UZLAL A-³TL C{ P E}BDZ[ SL l:YlT S[ l,/ EL ICL 5} ¥HLJFNL VF{Z

HDFBMZL /J\ SF,FAFH³FZL SZS[ D]GFOF SDFG[JF,[ D]GFO³FBMZ

;[9v;FC]SFZ VFT[ C{ \ P pnMU5lT SD J[TG D[ \ VlWS SFD SZJF S[

DH³N}ZM SF XMQF6 SZT[ C{ \4 TM A0³ [vA0³ [ H³DLNFZ lS;FG /J\ XlÉT

;d5gG ZFHG[TFVM\ SL VGLlTIM\ /J\ XMQFS DFGl;STF S[ SFZ6

lS;FGM\4 DH³N}ZM /J\ VFD DwIJUL"I VFNDL SF XMQF6 CMTF C{ P

DH³N}ZM \4 lS;FGM \ /J\ VFD DwIJUL"I VFNDL SL l:YlT VtI\T

NIGLI C{ VF{Z AN ;[ AN¿Z l:YlT D[ \ pgC[ \ HLJGIF5G SZGF 50³TF

C{ P c;]DGc HL /[;[ ,MUM\ S[ 5|lT ;CFG]E}lT ZBT[ C]/ ;\J[NGXL,TF

SL EFJGF jIÉT SZT[ C{ \ VF{Z pG XMlQFTM\ SM V5G[ VlWSFZM\ S[

5|lT HFU'T CMG[ SF ;\N[X EL N[T[ C{ \ P XCZM\ D[ \ /[;[ V;\bI ,MU C\ {

lHgC[ \ 3Z GCL\ C{ \ P J[ ,MU D[CGTSX /[;[ zlDS C{ \ HM .TGL S0³L

D[CGT S[ AFJH}N NM JÉT SL ZM8L TS GCL\ SDF ;ST[ VF{Z V5G[

5lZJFZ SF U]HFZF SZG[ D[ \ Sl9G ;\3QF" SZT[ C{ \ P /[;[ V;\bI

5lZJFZM\ SM S50³ EL plRT DF+F D[ \ G;LA GCL\ CMT[4 J[ :JrK EL

GCL\ ZC 5FT[ ÉIM\lS :JrK 5FGL VF{Z GCFG[ SL 5|FYlDS VFJxISTF

EL pgC[ G;LA GCL\ CMTL P /[;L D},E}T VFJxISTFVM\ SL J\lRTTF

S[ SFZ6 I[ ,MU U\ELZ ALDFlZIM\ S[ EL lXSFZ AG HFT[ C{ P pGSL

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QFQ9 VwIFI o QFQ9 VwIFI o QFQ9 VwIFI o QFQ9 VwIFI o QFQ9 VwIFI o cc;]DGcc S[ SFjI SF 5|UlTJFNL lJRFZv51Fcc

.; NIGLI NXF S[ 5|lT c;]DGc HL SL ;CFG]E}lT /J\ ;\J[NGXL,TF

cA[3ZAFZc SlJTF SL .G 5\lÉTIM\ D[ \ N[lB/ v

cc.; VMZ 50³L BFGFvANMX

D[CGTSX DFGJ SL 5F¥T[

O]85FYM\ SL RÎFGM\ 5Z

HM SF8 ZCL V5GL ZFT[ \

Zl1FT C{ \ VFH ,¥UM8L 5Z

C{ \ S^9 AM,T[ 3ZZ 3ZZ

VF ZCL V;C N]U"gW 5;LG[

VF{Z RLY0³M \ ;[ hZvhZ

S]K NDF T5[lNS ;[ A[ND

S]K BF¥; ZC[ C{ \ 50³ [v50³ [

;d5l¿ O8L lDZH¥> VF{Z

VWH,L ALl0³IM\ S[ 8]S0³ [ cc(2

/[;[ J\lRT XMlQFT VF{Z lEBFZL ;N'QF DFGJ SL CF,T VtI\T

XMRGLI /J\ NIGLI CMTL C{ P .;S[ SFZ6 VF{Z VYF"EFJ S[ SFZ6

;DFH D[ \ /[;[ DG]QIM\ SM plRT :YFG DFG /J\ 5|lTQ9F GCL\ lD,

5FT[4 pgC[ \ E}Bv%IF; lD8FG[ S[ l,/ V5G[ CFYM\ SM N};ZM\ S[ ;D1F

O{,FGF 50³TF C{ P ,MU pGSL VMZ lTZ:SFZ /J\ 3'6F SL N'lQ8

;[ N[BT[ C{ P /[;L l:YlTJF,[ ,MUM\ S[ 5|lT c;]DGc HL SL ;CFG]E}lT

/J\ ;\J[NGXL, cCFI ¦ GCL\ IC N[BF HFTFc SlJTF SL .G 5\lÉTIM\

D[ \ N[lB/ v

Page 75: QFQ9 VwIFI cc;]DGcc S[ SFjI SF 5|UlTJFNL lJRFZv51Fccshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/3826/12/12_chapter 6.pdf · 390 qfq9 vwifi o qfq9 vwifi o cc;]dgcc s[ sfji sf 5|ultjfnl

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QFQ9 VwIFI o QFQ9 VwIFI o QFQ9 VwIFI o QFQ9 VwIFI o QFQ9 VwIFI o cc;]DGcc S[ SFjI SF 5|UlTJFNL lJRFZv51Fcc

ccCFY 5{Z U, U/ RF8T[

B}G 5L5 lDlzT BFG[ SM

,MU O[Z ,[T[ D]B HA

lWlWIFSZ JC lGH SZ O{,FTF

CFI GCL\ IC N[BF HFTF

V5G[ CL EF> lH;SM lGT

Y} Y} SC SZ N}Z C8FT[

GZv5X] lH;[ ;Dh S]¿[ EL

EM\SvEM\S SZ N}Z EUFT[

lTZ:SFZ V5DFG 3'6F ;A

;C JC lOZ EL HLTF HFTF

CFI GCL\ IC N[BF HFTF Pcc(#

E}B SL VFU ¾J,\T CMTL C{ VF{Z .;L E}B SL VFU D[ \

DG]QI S[ ;dAgWvGFT[vlZxT[ VF{Z ;\J[NGXL,TF GQ8 CM HFT[ C{ \ P

E}B S[ XDG S[ l,/ jIlÉT S]K EL SZ ;STF C{ VF{Z VrK[vA}Z[

SF4 GLlTvVGLlT SF bIF, EL pgC[ GCL\ ZCTF V5G[ CL ArRM\ SL

ZM8L KLGG[ S[ l,/ AFwI AG HFTF C{ P c;]DGc HL SL cCFI ¦ GCL\

IC N[BF HFTFc SFjI SL .G 5\lÉTIM\ D[ \ UZLA SL VF{Z E}B 5Ll0³T

jIlÉT SL NLGvNXF SF lR+6 N[lB/ v

cclH;S[ ArR[ N}WvN}W Z8

AFZLvAFZL :JU" l;WFZ[

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Page 76: QFQ9 VwIFI cc;]DGcc S[ SFjI SF 5|UlTJFNL lJRFZv51Fccshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/3826/12/12_chapter 6.pdf · 390 qfq9 vwifi o qfq9 vwifi o cc;]dgcc s[ sfji sf 5|ultjfnl

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QFQ9 VwIFI o QFQ9 VwIFI o QFQ9 VwIFI o QFQ9 VwIFI o QFQ9 VwIFI o cc;]DGcc S[ SFjI SF 5|UlTJFNL lJRFZv51Fcc

KFTL 5Z 5tYZ WZ 5F5L

5[8 S[ l,/ HA lD, SM HFTF

CFI GCL\ IC N[BF HFTF

p;;[ EL ELQF6 HA DFGJ

jIFS], E}BvE}B lR<,FTF

V5G[ CL ArR[ SL ZM8L KLG

pNZ SL ¾JF, A]hFTF

ArRF A[A; ZMTF ZMTF

E}BF T0³5 T0³5 DZ HFTF

CFI GCL\ IC N[BF HFTF Pcc($

S]5MQF6 UZLAL VF{Z E}BDZL SL l:YlT D[ \ jIlÉT SL EZL

HJFGL CM TM EL p;SF R[CZF VSF, CL J'âFJ:YF 5|F%T SZ R]SF

CM /[;F 5|TLT CMTF C{ P pGSF 5}ZF XZLZ DFGM HLlJT S\SF, CM

/[;F 5|TLT CMTF C{ P c;]DGc HL SL cIC lS;SF S\SF, 50³F C{c

SlJTF SL .G 5\lÉTIM\ D[ \ ;CFG]E}lT /J\ ;\J[NGXL,TF SL EFJGF

N[lB/ v

ccEZL HJFGL D[ \ CL .;S[

R[CZ[ 5Z 50³ U> h]lZIF¥

5LA l5Rl5RFTL XZLZ D[ \

EGG EGG SZ ZCL\ DlÉBIF¥

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WZTL 5Z A[CF, 50³F C{

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QFQ9 VwIFI o QFQ9 VwIFI o QFQ9 VwIFI o QFQ9 VwIFI o QFQ9 VwIFI o cc;]DGcc S[ SFjI SF 5|UlTJFNL lJRFZv51Fcc

/[;[ U],FD4 XMlQFT lS;FGM\4 DH³N}ZM \4 5Ll0TM\ VF{Z DH³,}DM

SM V5G[ D},E}T VlWSFZM\ S[ 5|lT HFU'T CMSZ pGS[ l,/ ,0³G[

SL4 /S CMG[ SL ;LB /J\ ;\N[X EL c;]DGcHL N[T[ C{ \ P cDF:SM VA

EL N}Z C{c SlJTF SL .G 5\lÉTIM\ äFZF c;]DGc HL /STF SF ;\N[X

N[T[ C]/ SCT[ C{ \ v

ccAM,[ ArR[ VFVM lD,SZ

lOZ JC UFGF UFVM

N]lGIF EZ S[ DH³,}DM\ VA

VFH /S CM HFVM Pcc(&

N]lGIFEZ S[ XMlQFTM\ SM /S AGSZ Al,NFG S[ l,/ T{IFZ

CM HFG[ SF ;\N[X c;]DGc HL N[T[ C{ \ ÉIM\lS HFU'lT S[ lAGF VtIFRFZ

/J\ VgIFI S[ lJZ]â I]â GCL\ CM ;STF VTo /[ÉI /J\ HFU'lT

VFJxIS C{ P .;S[ l,/ Al,NFG EL VFJxIS C{ P c;]DGc HL S[

XaNM\ D[ \ pGSL c5ZL1FF NMc SlJTF SL I[ 5\lÉTIF¥ N[lB/ v

ccO} ¥SM HI zL SF X\B VFH

Al, SL X]E A[,F VF 5C] ¥RL

Al,NFGL ¦ VFH 5ZL1FF NM

Al, SL X]E A[,F VF 5C] ¥RL@@@

HH"lZT VDF¥ SF VgWSFZ

5|:O]l8T pQFF SL V~6 lSZ6

I]UDFGJ4 VFH CY[,L 5Z

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464

QFQ9 VwIFI o QFQ9 VwIFI o QFQ9 VwIFI o QFQ9 VwIFI o QFQ9 VwIFI o cc;]DGcc S[ SFjI SF 5|UlTJFNL lJRFZv51Fcc

;Z WZ SZ 0F,M DZ6JZ6@@@

I]U SL JF6L AG ,,SFZM

A,L SL X]E A[,F VF 5C] ¥RL

Al,NFGL ¦ VFH 5ZL1FF NM

Al, SL X]E A[,F VF 5C] ¥RL Pcc(*

N]lGIFEZ D[ \ 5|UlT SF X\B O}¥SF HF ZCF C{4 RFZM\ VMZ ÊF\lT

SL4 5|UlT SL VF{Z lJSF; SL U\UFvID]GF AC ZCL CM TA ;MGF SCF¥

TS plRT C{ m .;L VF,:I S[ SFZ6 5NvNl,T 5LK[ ZC U/ C{ P

.;l,/ /[ÉI EFJGF ;[ HFU'T AGSZ4 CFY ;[ CFY lD,FSZ4 7FG SL

DXF, H,FSZ N]lGIFEZ S[ 5NNl,TM\ SF CFY A-³FGF CMUF P p;D[ \

HFU'lT SF ;\N[X4 O{,FGF CMUF P SlJ c;]DGc SL cG> VFU C{ G>

VFU C{c SlJTF SL 5\lÉTIF¥ N'Q8jI C{ v

ccT]D 5LK[ ZC U/

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AFSL VEL T]dCFZL AFZL

VFC]lT ,FVM

VFH NL5 ;[ NL5 H,FVM

CFY A-³FVM4 ,M DXF,4 VFU[ A-³ HFVM

N]lGIF EZ S[ 5NNl,TM\ SF CFY A8FVM Pcc((

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QFQ9 VwIFI o QFQ9 VwIFI o QFQ9 VwIFI o QFQ9 VwIFI o QFQ9 VwIFI o cc;]DGcc S[ SFjI SF 5|UlTJFNL lJRFZv51Fcc

.; 5|SFZ c;]DGc HL XMlQFTM\4 5NNl,TM\4 5Ll0TM\4 U],FDM\4

lS;FGM\4 DH³N}ZM \ VF{Z VFD VFNDL /J\ DwIJU" S[ 5|lT ;\J[NGXL,

C{ VF{Z pGS[ 5|lT ;CFG]E}lT SL EFJGF 5|S8 SZT[ C{4 pGS[ 5|lT

/[;L SMZL EFJGF G ZBSZ p;D[ \ V5G[ VlWSFZM\ S[ 5|lT HFU'lT

,FSZ pGSM é5Z p9FG[ SF HFU'lT SF ;\N[X EL J[ N[T[ C{ \P c;]DGc

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