160 80 0k Thh X0 LY h0k LYua ua Ir Ir nh nh kao kao Iu Iu Ia Iao o bong bongua ua Ir Ir nh nh ha hap pphu phu ua ua Ir Ir nh nhIruya Iruyan n kh kh ua ua Ir Ir nh nh Irao Iraod do oI I Ion IonC s qu trnh hp ph (Adsorption)nh nghaL 1 hin tng b mtThu ht cht b hp ph ln b mt cht hp ph,lm gim sc cng b mt ca cht hp phNh hp ph: qt i ra ca cht b hp ph khib mt cht hp ph2C ch qu trnh hp phC s qu trnh hp phFhan IoaIhFhF ho hoa a ho hor r (6hamIraI kdsorpIIon) (6hamIraI kdsorpIIon)hFhF Va VaI I Iy Iy (FhysIraI kdsorpIIon) (FhysIraI kdsorpIIon)hho hho ra rar r I Iu u r r IIan IIan ka kaI I va vaI I Iy Iy ha hap p phu phu n n I I p p,, d da a Io Iop p,, Ihua Ihuan n ngh}rh ngh}rhhFhF Va VaI I Iy Iy 6a 6au u Iru Irur r rha rhaI I ha hap p phu phu khong khong Ihay Ihay d do oI I I I ro ro I I nh nh rho rhon n Io Ior r, I , I0 0Iha Ihap pV.V. s s hFhF r r a a k6k6 lv lv 60 60Z Z, 6 , 6Z Zh h6 60h, 0h, 3C s qu trnh hp phhFhF ho hoa a ho hor rhho hho I Iu u r r IIan IIan ka kaI I ho hoa a ho hor rha hap p phu phu d don on Io Iop p6a 6au u Iru Irur r rha rhaI I ha hap p phu phu Ihay Ihay d do oI Ikhong khong Ihua Ihuan n ngh}rh ngh}rhT T nh nh rho rhon n Io Ior r rao rao, I , I0 0rao raoV.V. s s hFhF r r a a rh rh I I r r ng ng kgI kgI lv lv kg kg+ +Irong Irong dd ddC s qu trnh hp phkha kha nang nang ha hap p phu phu phu phu Ihuo Ihuor rIa Ian n I I rh rh ba ba ma maI I rha rhaI I ha hap p phu phu (m (mZ Zlg) lg)ho hong ng d do o ru rua a rha rhaI I b} b} ha hap p phu phu Va Van n Io Ior r I Iu uong ong d do oI I gI gIu ua a haI haI pha pha6o 6o rha rha h h nh nh Iha Ihanh nh IIan IIan ka kaI I.. ho hoa a hayhay Iy Iy ho hor r4C s qu trnh hp ph6a 6ar r da dang ng IIan IIan ka kaI ILk VanLk Van dar dar WaaIs WaaIsLkLk I I nh nh d dIa Ian nLk hydro Lk hydroLkLk ho hoa a ho hor r.. Ik Ik Ion,Ion, d do ong ng ho hoa a Ir} Ir},, pho phoI I Ir Ir Lin kt Van der Waals5Lin kt HydroLin kt tnh in6Nhit hp ph{Ta nhit{ hp ph tng khi nhit gim{Nhit HP vt l nh, nhit HP ha hc ln{Nhit hp ph tch phn (cal/g): lng nhit thotra tnh cho 1g cht hp ph{Nhit hp ph vi phn (cal/mol): l lng nhitthot ra khi hp ph thm mt lng nh cht bhp ph v quy v ng vi 1 molTnh chn lc nh hngQuy tc chn lc nh hng Nhng cht c t/c tng t nhau d HP vonhau Nu l HP ha hc /v cc ion Ion c trong thnh phn cu to tinh th b mt: bHP trc Ion tng t c kh nng hon thnh cu to mngli tinh th b mt u tin cho ion c in trng ln hn (in tch ln, solvat ha t hn) VD: AgI HP mnh /v I-trong dd c KI, nhngcng c kh nng HP Cl-(hay SCN-) trong ddc NaCl hay NaSCN7C s qu trnh hp ph o o ha hap p phu phu () ()La luJng chat bi ha hu da bi ha hu tren 1 dJn vidien tich be mat hoac 1 dJn vi khoi luJng chat hahu (J trang thai can bang ha hu). SnG =mnG = hayn : s mol cht b hp phS : din tch b mt (m2)m : khi lng cht hp ph (g)C s qu trnh hp ph phu phu Ihuo Ihuor r8a 8an n rha rhaI I rha rhaI I hFlhFl b} b} hF hF8a 8a ma maI I rha rhaI I hFhF ho hong ng d do o ( (a ap p sua suaI I)) rha rhaI I b} b} hF hF max max Ia Ia d do o ha hap p phu phu Io IoI I d da aru rua a rha rhaI I hFhF u u ng ng vo voI I no nong ng d do o ran ran ba bang ng ru rua a rha rhaI I b} b} hF hF8 ph b mt ()% 100 .rpSS= Sr: din tch b mt ring, Sp: din tch b mt ca cht hp ph hp ph0 < 100% : hp ph a lp = 100% : hp ph n lp hon tonmaxGGSSrp= = ph b mt ()0 0. . S N G Sp =N0: s AvogadroS0: ph c bn ( ph nguyn t) - l dintch ti thiu ca 1 phn t hoc 1 ion chimch b mt cht hp phG : hp ph9V d 110g 1 loi than ci c b mt ringSr = 300m2.g-1 hp ph c 0,46g ruC2H5OH 250C. Tnh ph ca loi thanny i vi C2H5OH? Bit S0(C2H5OH) = 21,6A0 210Cht hp ph (Adsorbent)L cht rn m trn b mt xy ra s hp phDin tch b mt ring rt lnT nhin hoc tng hp phn tn caoCu trc v nh hnh hoc tinh th nh11Cht hp ph (Adsorbent)Than hot tnh (AC), (1000 1500m2/g)SilicagelZeolitest st (50 - 200 m2/g)Alumina hot tnh (AlO4)12Hp ph bng than hot tnh (AC)D D ng ng h h t tGAC (GranularGAC (Granular Activated Carbon) Activated Carbon)D D ng ng b b t tPAC (PowderPAC (Powder Activated Carbon) Activated Carbon)Than hot tnhDin tch b mt ln(1g AC c tng S = 1000m2) rng ( xp) lnHiu qu hp ph cao (hp cht hu cd bay hi, cht gy mi)13Than hot tnhLoi nhr < 1nmLoi var = 1 25nmLoi lnr > 25nmThan hot tnh14Than hot tnh{ Than GAC: x llin tc{ Than PAC: x ldng mPACThan hot tnh150oC Nhit ti a cho php100-140oC Nhit nh hp ph (bc hi)15-25 ng knh l rng (trung bnh)600-1600 m2/g Din tch b mt0.56-1.20 cm3/g Th tch rngc tnh ca than hot tnh15Sn xut than hot tnhNh hp phCht hp phCht b hp phTng hiu qu hp phHiu qu kinh tDng nhitDng cc cht ha hcTi sao nh hp ph?Phng php16Nh hp ph than hot tnh{Nhit phn t chy cc cht b hp ph (huc){Gia nhit n 8000C, khng c O2 (trnh than hot tnh b chy){Tn km: l t, l nung,{Tn tht ln: 7-10%Dng nhitNh hp ph than hot tnh{ Kim hoc dung mi{ Thng thc hin 1000C, pH cao{ Hn hp thu c: dung mi v cht bn. { Tn tht t, 1%{ Thng dng cho hp ph ha hcDng tc nhn ha hc17Zeolitesng ng nhit hp ph(Adsorption Isotherms)LangmuirLangmuirFreundlich FreundlichHenryHenryBET BET18ng ng nhit Langmuir Gi thitHp ph n lpNng lng HP ca cc phn t ng nhtS c mt ca cc pt b HP khng a/h nkh nng HP ca nhng v tr lin kQt hp ph thun nghchng ng nhit LangmuirPhng trnh l thuytC aCG G+=max a : hng s Gmax: HP cc i (hng s) mol/g G : HP C : nng cht b HP (mol/l)19ng ng nhit LangmuirPT ny ch ph hp vi thc nghim trong 2 trng hp: C < >a:G =Gmax dng (2)Trong khong (C1, C2): khng ph hp vi ng cong thcnghim B mt cht HP khng hon ton ng nht HP vt l c th a lpng ng nhit LangmuirC b a bmxC aC b amx 1..1 1 1. 1. .+ = += xx.. I Iu uo ong ng rha rhaI I b} b} ha hap p phu phu (mg) (mg) m m .. kho khoI I I Iu uo ong ng rha rhaI I ha hap p phu phu (mg) (mg) 66.. no nong ng d do o rha rhaI I b} b} hFhF ro ron n Irg Irg dd dd sau sau khI khI qI hFqI hF ka kaI I Ihu Ihur r (mglL) (mglL) a, b a, b .. ha hang ng so so PT thc nghim20ng ng nhit FreundlichGi thitQu trnh hp ph a lpDng 1x bpn=1/log log log xnp b = +1x : hp php : p sut kh cn bng trn cht hp phb, n : cc hng sng ng nhit FreundlichDng 2xmKCn=1/log log logxmKnC = + 1 xx.. I Iu uo ong ng rha rhaI I b} b} ha hap p phu phu banban u u (mg) (mg) m m .. kho khoI I I Iu uo ong ng rha rhaI I ha hap p phu phu (mg) (mg) 66.. no nong ng d do o rha rhaI I b} b} hFhF ro ron n Irg Irg dd dd sau sau khI khI qI hFqI hF ka kaI I Ihu Ihur r (mglL) (mglL) n, k n, k.. ha hang ng so so 21ng ng nhit Freundlichlog(x/m)log CDCBAC1log log logxmKnC = + 1Phng trnh BET (Brunaoe, Emet, Tenle)vm: th tch kh b HP khi ton b b mt cht HP b ph1 lp n phn tv : th tch tng cng ca kh b HP p sut cn bng pp0: p sut hi bo ha ca cht b HPc : hng scp vp cc v p p vpm) 1 (.1) (0+ = HP vt l a lp ca cht HP rn /v cht kh p dng x b mt ring ca cht xc tc v chtHP rn22V d 2 che ph 1g Silicagel (SiO2.H2O) bng 1 lp n phn t cn th tchkh Nit l 129ml (vm), 1atm v00C. Tnh din tch b mt caSilicagel , nu ph c bn ca Nitl 16,2 A02Phng trnh HP trong dung dch G : hp ph (mol/g) C0v C: nng u v nng cn bngca dd cht b HP (mol/l) V : th tch dung dch trong xy ra HP (l) m : khi lng cht HP (g)mV C CG) (0 =23V d 3Cho 5g bt TiO2vo 100ml dung dchNatri Dodecylsulfat (vit tt: NaDS) C12H25SO4Na nng 0,002M. Sau mtthi gian, nng NaDS l 0,0014M. Tnh ph ca TiO2?Bit b mt ring ca TiO2l 7,8m2.g-1v S0,NaDS= 27,3A02C s qu trnh hp phng dngKh Kh c c c c CHCCHC nh nh thu thu c c nhu nhu m m,, c c c c h/c h/c thm thmKh thy ngn, x l b sung (SX nc ungtinh khit), XL kh cXL cc cht gy mi, thuc tr su, dit cKim loi nng, cc cht c hot tnh b mtKh COD cn li sau qu trnh XL sinh hc24ng dng PP hp phBi tp 1Mt nghin cu hp ph c thc hin trong phng th nghimbng cch cho thm 1 lng than hot tnh xc nh vo 6 bnhtam gic cha 200mL nc thi cng nghip. Mt bnh tam gicna cha 200mL nc thi khng cho thm than c dng lmmu trng. V ng cn bng hp ph v xc nh cc h strong pt Langmuir25Bi tp 2Sau y l bng d liu thc nghim trong nghin cu qt hp phgin on. V ng hp ph ng nhit Freundlich v xc nhcc h s ca pt. Bit th tch nc em th nghim mi bnh l500mL v nc thi c nng u COD l 100mg/LBi tp 3Th nghim hp ph vi 6 cc cha 500mL nc thi cngnghip c nng TOC ban u l 150mg/L. Khuy trn cc thnghim trong 4gi, lng, o TOC. V ng cn bngLangmuir v Freundlich cho cc d liu th nghim sauy v xc nh cc h s tng ng