B NNG NGHIP V PHT TRIN NNG THN
CHNG TRNH H TR NGNH LM NGHIP &I TC
CM NANG NGNH LM NGHIP
Chng
QUN L
RNG PHNG H U NGUN V
RNG PHNG H VEN BIN
NM 2006
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Bin son: Nguyn Ngc Bnh L Th Tha nh Sm V i Hi Nguyn Hng Qun Dng Tr Hng Dng Vn Coi Nh Khoa
Chnh l: Nguyn Vn T V Vn M Nguyn Hong Ngha Nguyn B Ngi Trn Vn Hng Quang Tng H Tr k thut v ti chnh: D n GTZ-REFAS
3
Mc lc
1. Khi qut v rng phng h Vit Nam ...........................................................................1 1.1. Vai tr, chc nng v phn loi rng phng h.........................................................1
1.1.1. Vai tr ca rng phng h.......................................................................................1 1.1.2. Phn loi rng phng h .........................................................................................1 1.1.3. Chc nng chnh ca cc loi rng phng h ........................................................2 1.1.4. Tiu chun nh hnh cc loi rng phng h Vit Nam .....................................2
1.2. Hin trng rng phng h Vit Nam .......................................................................2 1.2.1. Din tch rng phng h n 31/12/2003................................................................2 1.2.2. Hin trng h thng cc d n, khu rng phng h trng im trn ton quc......7
1.3. nh hng quy hoch pht trin rng phng h n nm 2010 Vit Nam........7 1.3.1. nh hng chin lc xy dng pht trin rng phng h n nm 2010 ...........7 1.3.2. Quy hoch rng phng h giai on 2001 2010 ..................................................8 1.3.3. nh hng phc hi rng trn h thng lm phn phng h ..............................14
2. Xy dng v Qun l cc loi rng phng h..................................................................16 2.1. Gii php k thut xy dng rng phng h ...........................................................16
2.1.1. Rng phng h u ngun ....................................................................................16 2.1.2. Rng phng h chng ct bay ven bin ................................................................22 2.1.3. Rng phng h chng sng, xi l b bin ..........................................................28
2.2. Khung php l v th ch chnh sch qun l rng phng h................................40 2.2.1. Lp d n u t xy dng v pht trin rng phng h ......................................40 2.2.2. Nguyn tc, t chc qun l rng phng h .........................................................43 2.2.3. Mt s chnh sch hin hnh trong qun l xy dng rng phng h ..................45 2.2.4. Qun l khai thc, tiu th g v lm sn khc thuc rng phng h ..................48 2.2.5. Quy nh v kim tra gim st trong qun l rng phng h................................53
2.3. Mt s bi hc t thc tin qun l rng phng h u ngun v phng h chng ct bay, xi l ven bin ...............................................................................................60
2.3.1. Mt s bi hc t thc tin qun l rng phng h u ngun ............................60 2.3.2. Mt s bi hc thc tin qun l rng phng h chng ct bay v xi l ven bin..........................................................................................................................................62
Ph lc 1: H thng sng ngi Vit Nam..............................................................................64
Ph lc 2: Din tch rng phng h u ngun giai on 2001-2010 theo tnh...............65
Ph lc 3: Quy hoch din tch phng h ven bin giai on 2001-2010 theo tnh ..........68
Ph lc 4: Quy hach din tch phng h mi trng giai on 2001-2010 .....................70
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QUN L RNG PHNG H U NGUN V
RNG PHNG H VEN BIN
1. Khi qut v rng phng h Vit Nam
Vit Nam nm dc theo bn o ng Dng, gn lin vi lc a Chu rng ln v thng ra bin Thi Bnh Dng. Phn t lin ca Vit Nam tri di t 23023 n 08002 v Bc, ngang t 102008 n 109028 kinh ng, chiu dc tnh theo ng thng trong t lin t Bc xung Nam khong 1650 km. Chiu ngang t Ty sang ng, ni rng nht trn t lin khong 600 km, ni hp nht 50 km.
Vit Nam nm trong vng nhit i, chu nh hng ca ch gi ma Chu . Trung bnh hng nm c t 6-10 cn bo v p thp nhit i, ko theo ma ln gy ra l lt v i khi xy ra sng thn ven bin. Vit Nam l mt nc c nhiu ni v sng (xem ph biu 1), b bin di, c h sinh thi rng u ngun v ven bin rt phong ph, a dng. V vy, vic qun l bo v v pht trin h thng rng phng h u ngun v phng h ven bin l c bit quan trng trong qu trnh pht trin bn vng chung ca c nc v khu vc.
1.1. Vai tr, chc nng v phn loi rng phng h
1.1.1. Vai tr ca rng phng h
Rng phng h l rng c xy dng v pht trin cho mc ch bo v v iu tit ngun nc, bo v t, chng xi mn t, hn ch thin tai, iu ha kh hu, bo m cn bng sinh thi v an ninh mi trng.
1.1.2. Phn loi rng phng h1
a) Rng phng h c phn thnh bn loi l:
- Rng phng h u ngun;
- Rng phng h chn gi, chn ct bay;
- Rng phng h chn sng, ln bin;
- Rng phng h mi trng sinh thi.
b) Phn cp rng phng h theo mc xung yu:
Vng rt xung yu: Bao gm nhng ni u ngun nc, c dc ln, gn sng, gn h, c nguy c b xi mn mnh, c yu cu cao nht v iu tit nc; nhng ni ct di ng mnh; nhng ni b bin thng b st l, sng bin thng xuyn e da sn xut v i sng nhn dn, c nhu cu cp bch nht v phng h, phi quy hoch, u t xy dng rng chuyn phng h, m bo t l che ph ca rng trn 70%;
Vng xung yu: Bao gm nhng ni c dc, mc xi mn v iu tit ngun nc trung bnh; nhng ni mc e da ca ct di ng v ca sng bin thp hn, c iu kin kt hp pht trin sn xut lm nghip, c yu cu cao v bo v v s dng t, phi xy dng rng phng h kt hp sn xut, m bo t l che ph ca rng ti thiu 50%;
1 Quy ch qun l rng c dng, rng phng h, rng sn xut l rng t nhin (gi tt l Quy ch qun l ba loi rng),ban hnh km theo Quyt nh s 08/2001/Q TTg ngy 11/01/2001 ca Th tng Chnh ph.
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1.1.3. Chc nng chnh ca cc loi rng phng h 2
Cc loi rng phng h c chc nng chnh nh sau:
a) Rng phng h u ngun c tc dng iu tit ngun nc cho cc dng chy, cc h cha nc hn ch l lt, gim xi mn, bo v t, hn ch bi lp lng sng, lng h;
b) Rng phng h chn gi hi, chng ct bay c tc dng phng h nng nghip, bo v cc khu dn c, cc khu th, cc vng sn xut, cc cng trnh khc;
c) Rng phng h chn sng, ln bin c tc dng ngn cn sng, chng st l, bo v cc cng trnh ven bin, tng bi t ph sa, m rng din tch bi bi ra bin, hn ch xm nhp mn vo ni ng, bo v v pht trin bn vng ngun li thy sn;
d) Rng phng h mi trng sinh thi, cnh quan c tc dng iu ha kh hu, hn ch nhim khng kh khu ng dn c, cc th v cc khu cng nghip, kt hp phc v du lch, ngh ngi;
1.1.4. Tiu chun nh hnh cc loi rng phng h Vit Nam
Trong tng khu rng phng h, din tch c rng phi c bo v, din tch cha c rng phi c khoanh nui ti sinh hoc trng rng m bo tiu chun nh hnh ca tng loi rng phng h nh sau:
a) Rng phng h u ngun phi to thnh vng tp trung c cu trc hn loi, khc tui, nhiu tng, c tn che trn 0,6 vi cc loi cy c b r su v bm chc;
b) Rng phng h chn gi hi, chng ct bay phi c t nht mt ai rng chnh rng ti thiu 20 m, kt hp vi cc ai rng ph to thnh khp kn; rng phng h i vi sn xut nng nghip v cc cng trnh kinh t c trng theo bng, theo hng. Mi ai, bng rng gm nhiu hng cy, khp tn theo c b mt cng nh theo chiu thng ng;
c) Rng phng h chn sng ven bin phi c t nht mt ai rng rng ti thiu 30 m, gm nhiu hng cy khp tn, cc ai rng c ca so le nhau theo hng sng chnh;
d) Rng phng h mi trng sinh thi, l h thng cc ai rng, di rng v h thng cy xanh xen k cc khu dn c, khu cng nghip, khu du lch bo m chng nhim khng kh, to mi trng trong sch, to cnh quan kt hp vi vui chi gii tr, tham quan du lch. Din tch rng bnh qun u ngi khong 20m2.
1.2. Hin trng rng phng h Vit Nam
1.2.1. Din tch rng phng h n 31/12/2003
Theo Quyt nh s 1281/Q/BNN/KL ngy 17/5/2004, din tch rng phng h ton quc c thng k theo cc bng sau y:
a) Ton quc
2 Quy ch qun l rng c dng, rng phng h, rng sn xut l rng t nhin (gi tt l Quy ch qun l ba loi rng),ban hnh km theo Quyt nh s 08/2001/Q TTg ngy 11/01/2001 ca Th tng Chnh ph.
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Biu 1: Thng k din tch hin trng rng phng h ton quc
(Tnh n ngy 31 thng 12 nm 2003)
n v: ha
Rng t nhin TT Theo vng Tng cng
Cng Rng TN R.Trng
t khng rng
Ton quc 9.430.267,2 5.698.284,1 4.938.291,4 759.992,7 3.731.983,1
I Ty Bc 1.928.046,3 961.283,1 916.355,7 44.927,4 966.763,2
II ng Bc 2.632.421,7 1.525.828,7 1.288.674,2 237.154,5 1.106.593,0
III B Sng Hng
69.674,9 47.073,719.939,3 27.134,4 22.601,2
IV Bc Trung B 1.719.504,1 1.054.338,4 894.999,0 159.339,4 665.165,7
V Duyn Hi Trung B
1.654.059,0 972.187,4853.958,4 118.228.1 681.871,6
VI Ty Nguyn 1.068.660,4 863.772,5 827.683,4 36.089,1 204.887,9
VII ng Nam B 237.476,1 195.517,0 110.455,3 85.061,7 41.959,1
VIII B Sng Cu Long
120.424,7 78.283,326.226,1 52.057,2 42.141,4
Trong t rng phng h ton quc, din tch t c rng chim 60,4%; din tch t khng c rng chim 29,6%; trong t c rng th rng t nhin chim 86,6%.
Rng phng h u ngun (PHN) tp trung ch yu cc vng Ty Bc, ng Bc, Bc Trung B, duyn hi Trung b sau mi n Ty nguyn, ng Nam B. Rng phng h chn sng, chng xi l bin tp trung hai vng ng bng sng Hng v ng bng sng Cu long. Rng phng h chng ct di ng tp trung vng ven bin Bc Trung B v Duyn hi Trung B
T kt qu kim k rng theo Ch th 286/TTg, din tch rng phng h ni chung, c bit din tch rng phng h u ngun l qu ln, nhiu khu rng phng h c b tr vo ni khng xung yu lm cho din tch rng sn xut b thu hp.
b) Thng k din tch rng phng h theo tnh
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Biu 2: Thng k din tch rng phng h theo tnh
(Tnh n ngy 31 thng 12 nm 2003)
n v: ha
Rng t nhin TT Theo vng Tng cng
Cng Rng TN R.Trng t
khng rng
I Ty Bc 1.928.046,3 961.283,1 916.355,7 4
