Quan tri du an phan mem

8/4/2019 Quan tri du an phan mem

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/quan-tri-du-an-phan-mem 1/31

1. Approximately what percentage of the world's gross domestic product is spenton projects?25 percent

2. Which of the following is not a potential advantage of using good projectmanagment?a. Shorter development times

b. higher worker moralec. lower cost of capitald. higher profit marginsc. lower cost of capital

3. A ____________ is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service or result. project

4. Which of the following is not an attribute of a project?a. projects are unique

b. projects are developed using progressive elaborationc. projects have a primary customer or sponsor d. projects involve little uncertaintyd. projects involve little uncertainty

5. Which of the following is not part of the triple constraint of projectmanagement?a. meeting scope goals

b. metting time goalsc. meeting communications goals

d. meeting cost goals.c. meeting communications goals



6. _____________ is the application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements.Project management

7. Project portfolio management addresses __________ goals of an organization,while project management addresses ___________ goals.strategic, tactical

8. Several application development projects done for the same functional groupmight best be managed as part of a program

9. Which of the following is not one of the top ten skills or competencies of aneffective project manager?a. people skills

b. leadershipc. integrityd. technical skillsd. technical skills

10.What is the certification program called that the Project Management Institute provides?Project Management Professional (PMP)

11.To handle complex situations effectively, project managers need to take aholistic view of a project and understand how it relates to the larger

organization. ________ describes this holistic view of carrying out projectswithin the context of the organization.systems thinking



12. ________ addresses the business, technological, and organizational issuesassociated with creating, maintaining, and making a change to a systemsystems management

13.Which of the following best describes a problem-solving approach that requiresdefining the scope of the system, dividing it into its components, and thenidentifying and evaluating its problems, opportunities, constraints, and needs?systems analysis

14.Which of the following is an overall model for thinking about things assystems?

systems philosophy

15.The idea of addressing the three spheres of systems management - business, ________, and technology - can have a huge impact on selecting and managing projects successfullyorganization

16.Which organizational frame is very rational and focuses on coordination andcontrol?a. political frame

b. structural framec. symbolic framed. human resources frame b. structural frame

17.The ________ frame recognizes that there are often mismatches between theneeds of the organization and the needs of individuals and groups and works toresolve any potential problemshuman resources



18.Project managers in ________ organizational structures have staff from variousfunctional areas working on their projectsmatrix

19.An organization that uses a ________ organizational structure earns revenue primarily from performing projects for other groups under contract. Thesecompanies often hire people specifically to work on particular projects project

20.A ________ organizational structure is the hierarchy most people think of when picturing an organizational chart

functional

21.What is most important about any event in an organization is not what actuallyhappened, but what it means. This philosophy describes the ________ framesymbolic

22.In organizational culture, the degree to which the organization monitors and

responds to changes in the external environment describes aopen-systems focus

23.Some projects have a senior manager called a ________ who acts as a key proponent for a projectchampion

24.A ________ is a collection of project phases project life cycle

25.In the ________ life cycle phase, the project team creates a definitive or veryaccurate cost estimate, delivers the required work, and provides performance



reports to stakeholders.implementation

26.In a ________ life cycle, the project team spends a large portion of the projecteffort attempting to clarify the requirements of the entire system and then

producing a design predictive

27.Important attributes of the ________ life cycle model are that the projects aremission driven and component based, using time-based cycles to meet targetdates

Adaptive Software Development(ASD)

28.The waterfall, spiral, incremental build, prototype, and Rapid ApplicationDevelopment (RAD) models are examples of a ________ life cycle model predictive

29.Known as phase exits or kill points, ________ are very important for keeping

projects on track and determining if they should be continued, redirected, or terminatedmanagement reviews

30.Which of the following is a Web-based conferencing tool that a multinationalorganization can use to record demos that can be stored in the organization'swiki?WebEx

31.Project management ________ progress from initiation activities to planningactivities, executing activities, monitoring and controlling activities, andclosing activities process groups



32.Which project management process group includes devising and maintaining aworkable scheme to ensure that the project address the organization's needs planning

33.Examples of the ________ project management process group includeacquiring and developing the project team, performing quality assurance,distributing information, managing stakeholder expectations, and conducting

procurements.executing

34. ________ processes take place during each phase of a project. Therefore, youcannot equate process groups with project phasesInitiating

35.A common ________ process is performance reporting, where projectstakeholders can identify any necessary changes that may be required to keepthe project on track monitoring and controlling

36.Archiving project files, documenting lessons learned, and receiving formalacceptance of the delivered work as part of the phase or project are all activitiesoften involved in which project management process group?closing

37.The level of activity and length of each process group varies for every project. Normally, the ________ processes require the most resources and time,followed by the planning processes.executing



38.The ________ processes are usually the shortest and require the least amount of resources and timeinitiating and closing

39.Research suggests that companies working to implement best practices shouldspend at least ________ percent of project time in initiating and planning20

40.If changes to the project objectives or plans are required, ________ processesensure that these changes are made efficiently and effectively to meetstakeholder needs and expectations.

monitoring and controlling

41.The majority of project management processes occur as part of the ________ process group planning

42.A ________ describes how things should be done, and different organizations

often have different ways of doing things.methodology

43.Which of the following is an iterative software development process thatfocuses on team productivity and delivers software best practices to all teammembers?Rational Unified Process (RUP)

44.An organization may initiate information technology projects for severalreasons, but the most important reason is to ________.support business objectives



45.A business case often includes which of the following?a. preliminary project requirements

b. all of these choicesc. schedule estimatesd. critical assumptions and constraints b. all of these

46.Which of the following is an output of project initiation?a project charter

47.Which of the following is a common output of the planning process?

a. identifying key stakeholders b. creating the project management planc. creating the procurement management pland. assigning the project manager b creating the project managemnt plan

48.Which of the following is a common output of the closing process?a. a lessons-learned report

b. change requestsc. a cost estimated. quality control updatesa. a lessons learned report

49.The ________ process involves gaining stakeholder and customer acceptanceof the final products and services and bringing the project, or project phase, toan orderly end.closing

50.Which of the following is an output of the monitoring and controlling processes?a. qualified sellers list

b. the stakeholders register



c. change requestsd. the project charter change requests

51.Project ________ management involves coordinating all of the other projectmanagement knowledge areas throughout a project's life cycleintegration

52.Which of the following primary processes of integration management involvesidentifying, evaluating, and managing changes throughout the project lifecycle?

a. monitoring and controlling the project work b. directing and managing project executionc. performing integrated change controld. developing the project management planc. performing integrated change control

53.Which of the following primary processes of integration management involvescarrying out the project management plan by performing the activities includedin it?a. directing and managing project execution

b. monitoring and controlling the project work c. performing integrated change controld. developing the preliminary project scope statementa. directing and managing project execution

54.Which of the following primary processes of integration management involvesoverseeing activities to meet the performance objectives of the project?

a. performing integrated change control b. directing and managing project executionc. developing the preliminary project scope statementd. monitoring and controlling the project work.monitoring and controlling the project work



55. ________ management involves identifying and managing the points of interaction between various elements of the projectInterface

56.Which of the following involves determining long-term objectives by analyzingthe strengths and weaknesses of an organization, studying opportunities andthreats in the business environment, predicting future trends, and projecting theneed for new products and services?a. configuration management

b. project integration managementc. project planningd. strategic planningd. strategic planning

57.After identifying strategic goals, the next step in the planning process for selecting information technology projects is to perform a ________. business area analysis

58.One method for selecting projects based on broad organizational needs is todetermine whether they first meet three important criteria: need, ________, andwill.funding

59.It is often easier to get approval and funding for projects that address ________ because the organization must respond to these categories of projects to avoidhurting their business problems or directives

60.An organization should consider only projects with a positive ________ if financial value is a key criterion for project selectionnet present value



61.Which of the following describes benefits minus costs or income minusexpenses?a. cash flow

b. payback analysisc. cost of capitald. net present valuea. cash flow

62.What is also called the capitalization rate or opportunity cost of capital?discount rate

63.In net present value (NPV) analysis, the ________ is a multiplier for each year based on the discount rate and year.discount factor

64. ________ is the result of subtracting the project costs from the benefits andthen dividing by the costsReturn on investment (ROI)

65.You can determine a project's ________ by finding what discount rate resultsin an NPV of zero for the projectinternal rate of return(IRR)

66.A ________ is a tool that provides a systematic process for selecting projects based on many criteria. These criteria can include factors such as meeting broad organizational need or addressing problems, opportunities, or directives.

weighted scoring model

67.A(n) ________ is a methodology that converts an organization's value drivers,such as customer service, innovation, operational efficiency, and financial

performance, to a series of defined metrics. balanced scorecard



68.After top management decides on which projects to pursue, it needs to createand distribute documentation to authorize project initiation. Thisdocumentation can take many forms, but one common form is the ________.

project charter

69.A ________ consists of an approved project management plan plus approvedchanges baseline

70. ________ involves identifying, evaluating, and managing changes throughoutthe project life cycleIntegrated change control

71.One of the most important and most difficult aspects of project management isdefining the ________ of the projectscope

72. ________ can be product-related, such as a piece of hardware or software, or process-related, such as a planning document or meeting minutes.Deliverables

73.Which of the following processes of project scope management involvesdefining and documenting the features and functions of the products producedduring the project as well as the processes used for creating them?collecting requirements

74.What process of project scope management involves subdividing the major project deliverables into smaller, more manageable componentscreating the WBS



75.Key project stakeholders, such as the customer and sponsor for the project,inspect and then formally accept the deliverables of the project during the

________ process of project scope management.

scope verification

76.What process of project scope management involves reviewing the projectcharter and preliminary scope statement created during the initiation processand adding more information during the planning process as requirements aredeveloped and change requests are approved?scope definition

77. ________ is the first step in project scope management and is often the mostdifficultcollecting requirements

78.The project scope statement, stakeholder requirements documentation, andorganizational process assets are the primary inputs for creating a ________.work breakdown structure

79.A ________ represents the lowest level of work that the project manager isusing to monitor and control the projectwork package

80.One approach for constructing a WBS is the ________, in which you use asimilar project's WBS as a starting point.analogy approach

81.In which approach to creating a WBS do team members first identify as manyspecific tasks related to the project as possible? bottom-up approach



82.Most project managers consider the ________ of WBS construction to beconventional; you start with the largest items of the project and break them intotheir subordinate items

top-down approach

83.Instead of writing tasks down in a list or immediately trying to create astructure for tasks, the ________ allows people to write and even draw picturesof ideas in a nonlinear format.mind-mapping approach

84.What is a basic principle that applies to creating any good WBS and its WBSdictionary?A WBS item is the responsibility of only one individual, even though many people may be working on it.

85.The approved project scope statement and its associated WBS and WBSdictionary form thescope baseline

86.Even when the project scope is fairly well defined, many informationtechnology projects suffer from ________, which is the tendency for projectscope to keep getting bigger and bigger scope creep

87.The project management plan, requirements documentation, the requirementstraceability matrix, and validated deliverables are the main inputs for

________.scope verification



88. ________ is the difference between planned and actual performance.Variance

89. ________ uses highly organized and intensive workshops to bring together project stakeholders - the sponsor, users, business analysts, programmers, andso on - to jointly define and design information systemsJoint Application Design (JAD)

90. ________ is a process for identifying and modeling business events, whoinitiated them, and how the system should respond to themUse case modeling

91.What processe of project time management involves identifying anddocumenting the relationships between project activities?activity sequencing

92.Activity resource requirements, a resource breakdown structure, requestedchanges, and updates to the activity attributes and resource calendars are the

main outputs of ________.activity resource estimating

93.Which of the following processes of project time management involvesidentifying the specific activities that the project team members andstakeholders must perform to produce the project deliverables?activity definition

94.What process of project time management involves estimating the number of work periods that are needed to complete individual activities?activity duration estimating



95.A(n) ________ on a project is a significant event that normally has no duration.milestone

96.A project team might follow good practice and not start the detailed design of anew information system until the users sign off on all of the analysis work. Thisis an example of a(n) ________ dependency.discretionary

97.A(n) ________ dependency is inherent in the nature of the work being performed on a project and is sometimes referred to as hard logicmandatory

98.A ________ is a schematic display of the logical relationships among, or sequencing of, project activities.network diagram

99.What describes a relationship where the "from" activity must be finished beforethe "to" activity can be finished?

finish-to-finish

100. On several information technology projects, a group of activities all startsimultaneously, such as the many tasks that occur when a new system goeslive. This is an example of which type of relationship?start-to-start

101. A ________ is a hierarchical structure that identifies the project'sresources by category and type.resource breakdown structure



102. The planned schedule dates for activities are called the ________. baseline dates

103. ________ is a network diagramming technique used to predict total project durationCritical path method (CPM)

104. ________ describes the amount of time an activity can be delayedwithout delaying the early start date of any immediately following activitiesFree slack

105. In critical path analysis, a ________ determines the early start and earlyfinish dates for each activityforward pass

106. What involves doing activities in parallel that you would normally do insequence?fast tracking

107. ________ is a method of scheduling that considers limited resourceswhen creating a project schedule and includes buffers to protect the projectcompletion dateCritical chain scheduling

108. There are many issues involved in controlling changes to project

schedules. It is important first to ensure that the project schedule is ________.realistic

109. ________ states that work expands to fill the time allowedParkinson's Law



110. ________ occurs when a resource works on more than one task at a timemultitasking

111. Many organizations claim that using project management providesadvantages, such as ________.a. improved customer relations

b. higher profit marginsc. all of thesed. shorter development timesc. all of these

112. According to the Project Management Institute, a(n) ________ is atemporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result project

113. If the vice president of sales initiates a project to improve direct productsales using the Internet, he or she might be the ________. project sponsor

114. To create a successful project, a project manager must consider scope,time, and cost and balance these often-competing goals. This is sometimesreferred to in project management as the ________.triple constraint

115. ________ are the people involved in or affected by project activities andinclude the project sponsor, project team, support staff, customers, users,suppliers, and even opponents of the projectStakeholders



116. Project ________ management involves defining and managing all thework required to complete the project successfullyscope

117. Project ________ management ensures that the project will satisfy thestated or implied needs for which it was undertaken.scope

118. Project ________ management involves generating, collecting,disseminating, and storing project informationcommunications

119. Project ________ management involves acquiring goods and services for a project from outside the performing organization. procurement

120. Project ________ management is an overarching function that affectsand is affected by all of the other knowledge areas

integration

121. Motivation techniques, empathic listening, team building exercises,resource histograms, and project management charts are examples of the toolsand techniques project managers can use in project ________ managementhuman resources

122. In many organizations, project managers also support an emerging business strategy of project ________ management, in which organizationsgroup and manage projects as a portfolio of investments that contributed to theentire enterprise's success portfolio



123. Which of the following helps projects succeed?a. customized software infrastructure

b. broad scopec. flexible basic requirementsd. executive supportd. executive support

124. Which IT project portfolio category helps transform business?venture

125. Generally, a ________ focuses on long-term goals and big-picture

objectives, while inspiring people to reach those goals.leader

126. Generally, a ________ often deals with the day-to-day details of meetingspecific goalsmanager

127. A ________ is a standard format for displaying project scheduleinformation by listing project activities and their corresponding start and finishdates in a calendar formatGantt chart

128. Members of the Navy Polaris missile/submarine project first used ________ in 1958 to help managers model the relationships among projecttasks.

network diagrams

129. By August 2008, there were roughly how many certified ProjectManagement Professionals (PMPs)?295,000



130. Microsoft Project is the most widely used project management softwaretoday and is an example of a ________ toolmidrange

131. Which of the following is not part of the three-sphere model for systemsmanagement?a. business

b. informationc. technologyd. organization b. information

132. Which of the four frames of organizaitons addresses how meetings arerun, employee dress codes, and expected work hours?symbolic

133. Personnel in a _____ organizational structure often report to two or more bosses.

matrix

134. Project work is most successful in an organizational culture where all of the following characteristics are high except_____.a. member identity

b. group emphasisc. risk toleranced. control

d. control

135. A _____ is a product or service, such as a technical report, a trainingsession, or hardware, produced or provided as part of a project.deliverable



136. Which of the following is not a phase of the traditional project lifecycle?a. systems analysis

b. conceptc. developmentd. implementationa. systems analysis

137. What is the term used to describe a framework of the phases involved indeveloping information systems?systems development life cycle

138. Another name for a phase exit is a _____ point.kill

139. The nature of information technology projects is different from projectsin many other industries because they are verydiverse

140. What term is used to describe when an organization acquires goods andor sources from an outside source in another country?offshoring

141. A _____ is a series of actions directed toward a particular result. process

142. _____ processes include coordinating people and other resources tocarry out the project plans and produce the products, services, or results of the

project or phase.executing



143. Which process group normally requires the most resources and time?executing

144. What methodology was developed in the UK, defines 45 separatesubprocesses, and organizes these into eight process groups?PRINCE2

145. What is often completed before initiating a project? business case

146. A work breakdown structure, project schedule, and cost estimates areoutputs of the _____. planning

147. Initiating involves developing a project charter, which is part of the project _____ management knowledge area.

integration

148. _____ involves measuring progress toward project objectives and takingcorrective actions.Monitoring and controlling

149. What type of report do project eams create to reflect on what went right

and what went wrong with the project?lessons-learned report



150. Many people use _____ to have a standard format for preparing various project management documents.templates

151. Which of the following processes is not part of project integrationmanagement?a. develop the project business case

b. develop the project charter c. develop the project management pland. close the project or phasea. develop the project business case

152. What is the last step in the four-stage planning process for selectinginformation technology projects.resource allocation

153. Which of the following is not a best practice for new productdevelopment projects?a. align projects and rsources with business strategy

b. select projects that will take less than two years to provide payback c. focus on customer needs in identifying projectsd. assign project managers to lead projects b. select projects that will take less than two years to complete

154. A new govenment law requires an organization to report data in a newway. Under which category would a new information system project to providethis data fall?directive

155. If estimates for total dicsounted benefits for a project are $120,000 andtotal discounted costs are $100,000, what is the estimated return on investment(ROI)20%



156. A _____ is a document that formally recognizes the existence of a project and provides direction on the project's objectives and management. project charter

157. Which of the following items is not normally included in a projectcharter?a. the name of the project manager

b. budget informationc. stakeholder signaturesd. a Gantt Chartd. Gantt Chart

158. _____ ensures that the descriptions of the project's products are correctand complete.Configuration management

159. Which of the following is not a suggestion for performing integratedchange control?

a. use good configuration management b. minimize changec. establish a formal change control systemd. view project management as a process of constant communication andnegotiation b. minimize change

160. What tool and technique is used for all of the other project integration

management processes?expert judgment

161. _____ refers to all the work involved in creating the products of the project and the processes used to create them.Scope



162. Which tool or technique for collecting requirements is often the mostexpensive and time consuming?interviews

163. A _____ is a deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defines the total scope of the project.WBS

164. What approach to developing a WBS involves writing down or drawingideas in a nonlinear format?mind-mapping

165. Assume you have a project with major catagories called planning,analysis, design, and testing. What level of the WBS would these items fallunder?2

166. Which of the following is not a best practice that can help in avoidingscope problems on information technoglogy projects?a. keep the scope realistic

b. use off -the-shelf hardware and software whenever possiblec. follow good project management processesd. don't involve to many users in scope managementd. don't involve to many users in scope management

167. What major restaurant chain terminated a large project after spending$170 million on it, primarily because they realized the project scope was toomuch to hande?McDonalds



168. Scope _____ is often achieved by a customer inspection and then sign-off on key deliverables.verification

169. Which of the following is not a suggestion for improving user input?a. Develop a good project selection process for information technology projects

b. have users on the project teamc. co-locate users with developersd. only have meetings as needed, not on a regular basisd. only have meetings as needed, not on a regular basis

170.Project managment software helps you develop a _____, which serves asa basis for creating Gantt charts, assigning resources, and allocating cost.

WBS

171. What is the first process in planning a project schedule?defining activities

172. Predecessors, successors, logical relationships, leads and lags, resourcerequirements, constraints, imposed dates, and assumptions are all examples of activity attributes

173. As the project manager for a software develpment project, you arehelping to develop the project schedule. You decide that writing code for asystem should not start until users sign off on the analysis work. What type of dependency is this?

discrtionary

174. You cannot start editing a technical report until someone else completesthe first draft. What type of dependency does this represent?finish-to-start



175. Which of the following statements is false?a. A resource breakdown structure is a hierarchical structure that identifies the

project's rewources by category and type.

b. Duration and effort are synonymous terms.c. A three-point estimate is an estimate that includes an optimistic, most likely,and pessimistic estimate.d. A Gantt chart is a common tool for displaying project schedule information b.

176. What symbol on a Gantt chart represents a slipped milestone?a white diamond

177. What type of diagram shows planned and actual project scheduleinformation?a Tracking Gantt chart

178. _____ is a network diagramming technique used to predict total projectduration.

PERT

179. Which of the following statements is false?a. "Growing Grass" was on the critical path for a large theme park project.

b. The critical path is the series of activities that determine the earliest time bywhich a project can be completed.c. A forward pass through a project netwrok diagram determines the early startand early finish dates for each activity.

d. Fast tracking is a tchnique for making cost and schedule trade-offs to obtainthe greates amount of schedule compression for the least incremental cost.d

180. _____ is a method of scheduling that considers limited resources whencreating a project schedule and includes buffers to protec the project



completion date.Critical chain scheduling

181. Scope refers to the length of time a project should take.False

182. 2. Program management and project management are the same itemsFalse

183. The critical path always includes the most critical activities

False

184. PERT weighted average includes a degree of uncertainty or risk in theavgTrue

185.

____ involves working with stakeholders to create a document thatformally authorizes a projectProject Charter

186. A Gantt chart displays start and end dates of an activity via:Calendar Format

187. The ___ grants project management certificationPMI

188. The _____ is generally considered the segment with the highest risk Early Phase



189. ___ is the amount of time an activity can be delayed from its early startwithout delaying the finish dateTotal Slack

190. ____ should serve as a foundation for deciding which projects to pursueStrategic Planning

191. The five main process groups for good project management include all but?InitiatingControllingCost ControlExecutingClosingPlanningCost Control

192. WBS means

Work Breakdown Structure

193. A __ is a methodology that convert’s a firm’s drivers such as customer service, financial performance to a series of define metricsBalanced Scorecard

194. In a weighted scoring model, the sum of all criteria weights must total100

195. Duration only includes the actual amount of time spent on an activityFalse



196. ____ involves doing activities in parallel that you would normally do insequenceFast Tracking

197. Project scope is a technique that uses branches radiating out of a coreidea to structure thoughts and ideas.False

198. A milestone isAn object in a Gantt chart that generally has no duration

199. Which of the following does not generally involve the time value of money?ROI

NPVCash Payback PeriodAll include the time value of moneyAll include the time value of money

200. Which step is often ‘shorted’ by Proj Mgr’s but should not be ignored inthe PM processPlanning

Documents

Quan tri du an phan mem