"f sdCress _y#{J #tr &sftmff

*t'm ffi#ffon thmf d*sf mk*ut *sm

rmf t{f *n p*e:pfe #s # r#s# {t *f {tt*Fl*d*d* {Yt#t g#tr#cf##* . .

W* rmsist th*t tk* w#r{#" dsmnr:

ffus {ruth *b*srf mid rrrffi:es

Gg#rrosf hum#ffffy. f,&fs rs flle*n{y w#H w# c#ru sr?srJfs ffrm*

rrf mfrosds wf {{ n# d*r:g* r b*stw&*d#s nxd by rruCffi rcfifi#'".

Vf ktmr Vushehsmkm,

Fres{deg?* mf ffikrnf me

#$? fgdn##? ##trTprpsm# #r?#* tr$l Pr#

*f *fus ff*dmdmnPmr wPr*Pmss

rrp #&nmfrp#* *wrgm rxxes'ffi&#fls

*$ r$;e$drmru w#n# *r'P&mrasd

mmd #ssmssss fumrmsd#ss.

Yffiffi ffi#L#ffi#ft4#ffi

(based on two Ukrainian words:

holod - 'h unger, starvatioll,famille,' and morytY r 'to induce

sufferirg, to kit$ was an act ofgenocide against the Ukrainianpeopte, committed bY the Soviet

Communist regime in 1932-33.

* In order to prevent exposure of the terribte crimes against the Ukrainian population to both the Soviet and

foreign pubtic, the repressive Soviet regime posed a strict controts over any trips into the areas hit by starvation'

For this reason, there were few photos taken'

Hru Yffifr HARLY 3S3*s, in the very

heart of Europe in a region

considered to be the Soviet

U ni o n's bread basket Sta|'i n's

Communist regime committed a

horrendous act of genocide

against miLLions of Ukrainians.

An ancient nation of agriculturists

was subjected to starvation, one

of th e m ost ruth tess fo rm s of

I

I

!

""flf:s #rsfrf Fstm''ne *f 393tr-3SSS fm #f*rsp'm* f$f*f*d*rmmrJ" l

w#fcft fcsf< Jr*m 7 rniltfon fs i# rnfddfos r*emsrenf {fues mffd

#sssri?s n nutisna{ frmgedy for tke #Jrsf$fm$ Pesq{,,e"'"

Joint statement by 65 uN mernber states,adopted by the 58th UN General Assembly

on 7 November 20S3

torture and death. The govern-

ment i m posed exorbitant grai n

quotas, in some cases confiscating

supp|.ies down to the Last seed.

The territory of Soviet U krai ne

and the predominantly Ukrainian-

popuLated Kuban region of the

Northern Caucasus (Soviet Russia)

were isolated by armed units, so

that people could not go insearch of food to the neighbouring

Soviet regions where it was more

readiLy avaiLabLe. The resutt was

the Ukrainian genocide of1,932-33, known i n U krai nian as

the Holodomor, or exterminationby famine.

se^

u'u* o * f;-$t,gr: gvg*s"*ex$]F*;"6u ,r'*$"9* $pr.ss #g*p'p ,i;+"a

.,fu ;-,{f fu 'f:,d'x *F

g: rF d,$rlr #fl # d.gi$ +,u'f'f d:'mcy# f:#,{d $# m d *;

$'g *X er# S ;*'*,p6"r#d,+'g.t*f, +i,$,,fr+nf r I rTi #'iirlf fl Ff.$'0""-'

Letter written by Katsnelson,head of the Kharkiv department

of the 0GPU (secret potice) to Balytsky,head of the OGPU for Ukraine,

5 June 1933

Gross grainharvest 23,2 m Ln.tons

(2S% of the USSR total)

Territories ofSoviet Ukraineand Kuban

suffered fromthe Holodomor

Yffiffi ffi#L$ffiffiWHK ffiffiffiXtutffi had

already experimented with the

weapon of starvation i n 1'921'-

1923, when it took advantage of

drought to create famine condi-

tions in Ukraine to crush resis-

tance to its ru[e. In 1'932 Stalin

decided to vanquish the ukrainian

farmers by means of starvation

and th us break the U krai nian

national revivat that had begun

in the 1,920s and was rekindling

Ukrainian asPirations for an

independent state. Stalin alwaYs

believed that the national question

was "i n esse n ce , a Peasa ntquestio n" and that "the Peasantry

constitutes the main army of the

nationaL movement".

*Tfuers vr#s *tsrd|eY s ft*rm e wher*

## #t? * fssd disd of sf'm rvstisn "

Tf.,e desfft rste vr#s mppmdfrng'"'

Yakiv Vilchenko,Holodomor eYewitn.rr,

Kyiv region

ffiruffiffiffffiffi SYeffiWe?'K#ffi reaehed its

peak in winter-spring of 1933 when

25,000 persons died every day. As a

result of the Hotodomor from 20 to25 percent of the population ofSoviet Ukraine was exterminated.

effiffiWffiffiffi ffiffiffi&ffiF#L ffiffiS#LY of the

Holodomor was an extremely high

chiLdren's mortality rate. In the

hope of saving their chitdren,peasants wou[d stole through

closed borders guarded by N KVD

troops (Soviet secret police agency),

and abandon them in urban areas,

that were less affected by starva-

tion. In late spring 1,933, forexam p[e, over 300,000 homeless

children were recorded in the Kyiv

region aLone. Si nce orphanages

and children's shetters were already

overcrowded, most of these chil-

dren died on the streets of starva-

tion and disease. In September

1933, approximately two-thirdsof Ukrainian pupi[s were recorded

as missing from schools.

Holodomor victimson a Kharkiv street.

Photo by Winnerberger, 7933

Yffiffi ffiffiru#ffXffiW that kiil.ed

millions of peopte also crippledUkraine's development as a nationfor many generations.

'rWy rm*fftsr *ir.rfed ff?s r&rddrsss

fierseff,, WFp*w {wy &rsfftsr w#s

dyrmg f n F*br{i#{y 39"$-$,

f*e pf*sds# f*rf**d""rr.y cffrer &rsffeer dlsd rm Sfsrrfismd r?ry srsfer drs# f n Muy J#$-$"'.

Maria Kachur,Holodomor eyewitness,

Taporizhia region

Convention on ffre Prwmtiur and M offfre Ctftns ofGenoci&

Appvwd mdpopredfor signntrne mdrdificdion or rccesstonby

GentretAwmbtyrvrclution 260A (Lil) of9 Decemfur 1948

.{ilkle I ^

TtE Corilxacting puties coffirm ttat gerncide, whthe, ooilunified in tinF of peace or in

dt* of wag ls a crime under ir*srntrbrul law whichttry urdertake to FEwes ard to ftish

Artkft2

Intt6 prese,ff Conve, .siorr genoci& ilreffs arly of the fothqrirg ets comryiued with irffifto ffioli inwhte orinpug a rtrbml, r,rcial or rehgious glol4)' m srrh:

(a) kiiliqg nrcmbus ofthe glup;

(b) ca$irgserbusbodity orneffial twmto nrenfien ofthe g0up;

(c) delfrerately irflictirg anttre grtnp rordrlio* of life calcuhted to bdng aboff its

ptrysical ffiuction in whok or in pm!

(d) i{rposfu€ 6;ures irnended to preverftbirttE wittdnttn goW;

,a

(e) fax"rbly 6g$i€nirg chil&en of fire gory to arp1lpr Stoup'

Yffiffi ffi*Lffiffi#M$R was genocide:

it conforms to the definition of

the crime accordi n g to the U N

Convention on Genocide. The

Communist regime targeted the

Ukrainians, in the sense of a civic

nation, in Soviet Ukraine, and as

an ethnic grouP in Soviet Russia,

especia|.Ly in the PredominantlYUkrainian Kuban region of the

N orthern Caucasus.

*gt, vr/#s *fue wsfd-mrgF#r?res#

sx#rc;ffr*rps f&sf rsrsds fffe* f*rrmr #3r

sfmrvsfrsr: rru #&s"spv?# # Sr#p?#rd#s"""

Atain Besancor,

Professor of History (Sorbonne, France)

UKffiegruH&f$ F&ffitu€ffiffiS were notdeprived of food in order to force

them into collective farms; theBoLshevi k co|.Lecti vization pro-

cess was nearly cornpleted by the

summer of 1932. The genocide by

starvation was directed primarity

against the Ukrainian peasantry as

the n ucteus of the U krai nian

nation, which had been striving forindependence as a state. The

U krai n i a n peasa ntry was th e

carrier of the age-old traditions ofindependent farming and national

vatu€s, both of which ran counter

to the Communist ideotogy and

aroused the unrestrained animosity

of the Bolshevik Leaders. Stalin

emphasized this point when he

declared, "the peasantry consti-

tutes the main army of the nationat

movement; there is no powertuL

national movement without thepeasant army".

YF$ ffi rueYHffiru&L e$PffiffY of Statin's

policy is clearty illustrated in a

Decree signed by him on 1,4 Dece-

mber 1,932,which directly tinks thepoor grain procurements in Soviet

Ukraine and the Kuban to the"incorrectty implemented" poticy

of U krai nization. This Decree

essentialty put an end to thepossibiLity of a nationalty oriented

devetopment of Soviet Ukraine and

the majority-Ukrainian Kuban

region that had been |'aunched

in the 1,920s.

SY&LHT'$ ffi#eL of the genocide

was th e d estru cti o n of th e

Ukrainian nation.

Starued peasants leave

villages in search of food.Photo by Winnerberger, 1933

l,-ll{f;t;i.: i.i;..f..'&r iiif'j was the !"ccaI version nfthe Ba|"shevfk regiiT]e's ge!ieral pol"icy cf"indigenizatiCI!"'t", carried out in Sovfet

["ikraine and the predonrinantl"y Ukrain{an

popr;N"ated Kuban reEiun of Snviet Russfa.

trrnplemented in the 192fis and early 193fis,

ft was intended as an incentive aimed at

shoring up support for Soviet ruLe in these

regions by *xpanding and facil"itating the

use of the Ukrainian LanguaEe in schnols,

the press, gCIvernr"nent administr"ation, and

cultural [jfe. What in fact happened was

that this poLicy ereated an atmosphere

conducive tc Ukrainian nationaL reviva|".

sTAGEs0FDEVEL0PMENT0FTHEGENoCIDEP0HCY

It should be kept in wind that in tg2g-32 befare the Holodomor the soviet Government

had confiscated land snd househotds fron ukrainian peasants turning then in fact into

slaves af the Communfst stste.

0n 7 August !932, Statin promulgated

a [aw, authored bY him, on the Protec-

tion of socialist property, which carried

a sentence of death or 10 years'impris-

onment for the misappropriation of

kolhosp* property. This law led to mass

arrests and executions. Even chitdren

caught picking a handful of ears ofgrain from fiel,ds that until recently

had bel,onged to their parents were

convicted. It becarne known as the Law

at "Five ears of grain"'. By imposing so-catted "fines in kind"on

tnutvioual fanmers and whole viltages

that had not futfitted the inflated grain

procurernent guotas in the falt of 1932,

the Soviet authorities could confiscate,

in addition to grain, atl other foodstuffs.

" Another form of punishment for Lagging

behind in grain deliveries was the ban on

retail trade, introduced in August 1932,

making it impossible for peasants to pur-

chase bread'

'To execute with the €onffscation ofa{l praperty or, given mftiguting eir'cumstances, to confine in prison fornat{ess thsn trO years witfr the co{t-

fiscation ef alt prope@ for rnfsap-

propriation of kalhosp snd cooperfr-

tive property!'.. Convicted persons

#re not entitleed to $mnss$o.

Resolution passed by the central committee

of the communist Party and the council for

entitred,,o,li"Jl?i*!ff#':"iT."llli,'Hiltl;State Enterprises, Col,tective Farms, and

cooperatives and the Strengthening of Public- (Sociatist) Property" ,7 August 1932

(known as the i..aw of "Five ears of grain")

Photocopy of Instruction on

Enforcement of the so-catted

Law of "Five ears of grain",

bearing Stalin's signature

(titte page)

gt}" *

o{r**}*.iiX'SS 'Fsit*,'P $$S*f5i;t:i:ifi+H t*'g:;{SF.s-e #**F' $SsH3"'Ffp

!i*F,:i*$";:A #S#F F. *'f$f Ir*# $$i*XfSgS#iI"B'*t F Bi+Sf{F} AAI:"*F# *#t *;:-p*H#

r:i$Ka*rF.*sg**. *cr#*r i+*sifs*sg { **'*pxn*$**t*g* }'

il,noro (ukrainian acronvm for'cottective turmJ: ',tvpt

of 3t:'il!,tT:lf itl:9I5T:LtT':tT^tJt:I[il,Hiiil#ff[ifii'n. irrlis.;urn*uni wtreieuy tt''. una, cattte, production tools, etc', nominattv

##;'.i'i;il;;-;;'.,;rt;;;;L';;;;;;;;iutin factwere understate contror. The qoarof correctivization

was the destruction of individuat forms of agricutturaf proi'Jon' unJ tt't exptoitatio-n of its resources and

poienfiat ln order to industrialize and mititarize the U55R'

' In the fatt of 7932, the authoritiesintroduced a system of btacktistswhich banned the sale of items such as

kerosefi€, matches, and other consu-

mer necessities to cotlective farms and

individuals designated for punishment

for arrears in grain deliveries. After atlfood and cattle were confiscated,btacklisted territories would be sealed

off by NKVD detachments.

. In January 1933, in fulfilment of ano-

ther of Stalin's resotutions, the bor-ders of Soviet Ukraine and the Kuban

were closed by N KVD and militiadetachments to prevent peasants from

leaving staruation-hit areas in search

of food in neighbouring regions of theSoviet Union. During the six-week pe-

riod after the adoption of the Reso-

lution banning Ukrainians from cross-

ing borders, nearly 220,000 people

were arrested for viotating the prohibi-tion. The law enforcement authoritiesforcibly sent over 186,000 peopte

back to their hornes to face starva-

tion..The sate of tickets for transport by

train or boat to peasants was banned.

Peasants were prevented from enteringurban districts, and were expetledwhen they did.

Photocopy of a letter of instruction issued on 22 January

1933 by the Central Committee of the Communist hrlyand the Council for People's Commissars of the USSR

"0n Preventing a Massive Exodus of Peasants

from Ukraine and Banning the Sale of TransportTickets

to Peasants" (title page)

".n"$ fngssive exodus of peasgnts'in sesrch of bresd' has startedn."without a doubt orgsnized byenemies of the Saviet fisvernftrsnt,

fTherefore, region sl exeffitive pfirtybsdies f n Soviet Ukrsine snd theKuban sre orderedl . ".t0 prevents ffisssive exodus of peassnts, ",fPeasants from Sovfef Ukrsine sndthe Kubsn whs hsve crossed bordersto the northl shalt be srrestsd,,.snd deported bsck to their ptaces

of residence".

Resotution passed on 22 January 1933 bythe Centrat Committee of the Communist

Parlry and the Council for People's

Commissars of the USSR "0n Preventinga Massive Exodus of Starving Peasants"

STALIN'S totalitarian regime deliberately created conditions for Ukrainiansthat could not support life, These conditicns fully comply with the charac-

teristics of genocide as defined in the UN Convention of 1948.

i.,iloegrl pu*i{ odt*Rsi{ 1-i od€6.si€s#i{el*s tse$rftqnr

EB*exo*** f*oxwpx+:tn3ux,,J ***frr*irff ' x'WN5SE$$ *eier Yleg#**A We$ trsER+s+-EdJilsst$** Sse,s*

Yffiffi F{ffiL#ffi#ffi#ffi was not caused

by a bad harvest or bY drought. The

harvest was sufficient - the Soviet

government was exporting Large

amounts of grain and other agri-

cuLturaL produce. The USSR

exported 1..6 million tons of grain

in 1,932 and 2.1 miltion tons in

L933.

$TeTffi ffiH$YKLLffiffiHffiS in Soviet

Ukraine were operating at ful'L

capacity during this Period, Pro-

cessing valuable grain into a[co-

hoL bound for export.

$ru FeilT, almost al,L the starving

Ukrainians could have been saved

with the USSR's strategic grain

reserve, which contained at Least

L.5 miLLion tons. 0ne mi[|'ion tons

of grain would have been enough

to feed five or six million PeoPLe

for one year.

*{*wfidemfrsf; An uprfsfmg *rcwrred

rm fd*rmy rfur. ffiriven by stmrvwtir.n,ps#strrafs &esfeE ed tfn e trsemfrospyrf

fsfcfe desffd ieryj . Tttey destruyed

ffis sforked strsfust, sftaufirr'g thsttftey msed gruin, ffi#t w{tslr#{".

RePort submitted on 9 MaY 7932

by the Secretary of the Tulchyn DistrictParty Committee to the Vinnytsia Region

Party Committee

Tetegram sent by vlas chubar, head of the councit for Peopte's commissars of the ussR on the 110o/o fulfilment of

the lrain export projections (December 1932)

$rser*F 1{}1{ iJ , i.lr;*nil{.lxii} gglii4tuifri :i,Iii'iTljilfi"{* f,H ililE}pTx,}tf;iI4, 7 'Ji*{Ailfffiflirui Ai{iiil rbiit,j,Ill"l{ i.r'# t j.*, ilt}ti{liliiTi}* iiil i{Silb'?rFFA$J i-ftiiiliil4ii;1 ;J'3?5f;1 ,'"

'ii.ji".{i-t 'i'i4il'* :}5 , fii,iittl"::fiT'Sii fri-{friFf"th .jiit{ t:} ' T*fil.{ 'fi'tl}b 3.1. I .llft'Jlifil"+'f*'l*

i X yX irt,:t''jii ;ri*tri ,. 'ili4 Fr tJ t , IiplrLil.: i'{T T''{i{ {,:i:[,jtri'r-ll] ii /iTil i'rii'"i/t ttktf{rJii

;

10

Yffiffi S#WgffiY ffi#Wffiffiruegffif4Y refused

to acknowledge to the internation-a[ community the starvation in

Ukraine and turned down the assis-

tance offered by various countries

and internationat relief organi za-

tions. Moreover, these attempts tooffer assistance were denounced

as anti-Soviet propaganda.

'*ffi'&*f #r*es#&f pr*s ***reiF F$sas

fsf*rw*fr*m*fl He,r*?s *rd$ r.dees f* S**sdfrt "6

*r#srsJ ffs &*f**f ##r*rrssfmns #ru#

a4rr"xrpf## **e #ff fg.rfp?pspsf,"9 *fu*ss;-

fffs #gepr&f?'F#F? g'rd#flfd# fl#r??# drr?*#

scfxs #a-"*rirf"fu rss# *&s*- **sdd#"

f"fusr r.qd#r"# Sf*pdf,ryk f'drmgs. $4#r#rdsss

-q###tr#r#ds ***# #*tr#g *d$ f;fesf**#

_firwrex f&e pe*pd#"'*

Mykota Metnyk,Holodomor eyewitness,Dnipropetrovsk region

Excerpt from the letter of Gareth

Jones, former secretary of David

Ltoyd George (Prime Ministerof the United Kingdom

in 1916-7922'), of 27 March

1933 informing the Britishpotitician about the devastating

starvation witnessed by Jones

during his recent trek throughUkrainian vitlages. Jones was

one of the few Westerners whopublished true accounts of theHolodomor in the Western press.

#ffi $ffiLXWS #ffiffiffiffi$, those who

conducted the 1,937 population

census, which reveated a sharp

decrease in the Ukrainian popula-

tion as a result of the Holodomor,

were shot, while the census results

were suppressed.

*flflf dps *sss*sff $;yf,ssr;,pfrp* *st f,$ps

##a# FnF psim $i##s#n f p*pcxds *p#rp t'v-r,r.l;

{Fr##Fffipsn.f*# #y g vtru-i#s-rm,nEf rurx

r"*sstrcdr#esp *f {S#r*rc'? ff#s *asdf'ssr trd

crr?#, redrgr*ess dsfs csrtfld sfurer"_ry'fu*sr

r*f fl'$re ##,*"rs#p p'mrp rre*m$drg*se fspsx.

Sf{rgr-ry d;..J .s#&F-er f&s S##s#s?*{H

flss f,#g ##ds*,'**# *f rp#ff#uupgdp"ss"ssJ

*m# #rJ$??ts?#ff s#rr-s# flr{Tssrrgg e$s f* s##

ffees #*es$;ds &f**v mt #&r*rspsrspt

nmf.g*rp&**d #$ r?# **pmrf#s$?##. oo

Robeft Conquest,

Holodomor scholar (USA)

W d^€tuc-^-"fi*otn^w =#*,vi .* i-r*t $fr ',tdgt**;n-"*L74 ,{ fr*L* :f4h. .F.,4*,r-&&4& €J 4e*ns qW#U6'V 4 *r'.'ff**f*- a****rF*tnn re-:"T -r- *ffi*T*-*"*nf. *l i*'-*'fuP.*€*{ ffi *;^k*{#"*@f a{,rlt*"t t*,*l*., 6-*t;* -44/T^M c-*af d**g-tus,-.*# a,*"w & f-e*y:

{"fi*n#*{ffiw6nk-M '.& r#^*o^t;^, 'd. {*dt^t "I Tfr AIfu {'t4," :r""'{"^

'tr.* "az**4rt u-*"JS* F g'.zt, o-*o-ffu1ffi'j.; 'fr 8#d! *16- W'r** J-lAg $fi*"*n' ; *oyrk, ,*rt^sa4 &d4r"rrtt' % ;i 4 el f;&t .,t.l"an -".rf"'fu''J&fu. ---.

1,1,

W&Wffiruffiffi by a nationat revolu-

tion in 1,917-21, Ukraine - with its

L,000-plus-year history and a rich

culturaL heritage, strivings for an

independent state, dnd exPerience

of fighting for its freedom

co nti n ued its fast-paced revivat.

I n 1,920s-3 0s, so m e of th e

U krainian com m u nists began to

seek more autonomy from Moscow

and by the late 1'920s Stalin fett

that the policy of Ukrainization

*fT s+"# #* m*fr sf*r'* r**:reftrrru"try

f:irr,i s f { rsr:: *e*,ff gr: {.dd*rgp F ff #T rr'}r.,F i,"tf ,.

v-$d# f?F#*f d#"$*- #F;"rg,g Fg?# ouu,

Stalin's letter to Lazar Kaganovich dated

11 August 1932, which shows his

determination to break the growing

opposition to his policy of genocide from

the Ukrainian peasantry and, in theirwake, the Communist Party of Ukraine

1,2

had overstepped the Limits set by

the Kremlin and Lost its usefule-

ness for the regime. Ukraine began

to pose a serious threat to the

integrity of the Soviet empire and

its geopoLiticaL aspirations.

Against this backdrop, StaLi n's

regime unleashed an open war

against Ukrainians as a nation.

".ffF$ffi #ffi.$ffiflYHbrffi of the engineered

famine was to destroy the Ukrainian

national, idea by wiping out the

nationaL eLites and their sociaL

support base, and then by turning

the peasants who survived the

Holodomor into obedient collec-

tive farm workers virtually slaves

of th e state.

&,FT"ffiffi ffi'Kt,$-'H#F-$S of Ukrainians

died in their own native Land, the

authorities resettled tens ofthousands of families from Russia,

Belarus, and other parLs of the USSR

to the depopulated Lands of Soviet

Ukraine. By the end of 1933 over

1,fl ,0A0 people were resettled in

U kraine, at a 1,05olo fu LLfi Lment rate.

Mykhai[o Prokopenko,

Hol,odomor eyewitness, Cherkasy region

James Mace,

Holodomor scholar (USA)

Heorhiy Shevtsov. What Kind of Harvest Witt Be

Shevchenko). Private Collection of Morgan WilLiams

dd:'::it'.l?.rtirii:;,:.rl.,i.f$ll.+l

.,. . ,:::.,,. t:. r":al;: . ],.

1,3

C0NCURRINTLY WffH TFIE H0L0I)0M0R, Statin totalitarian regimeconducted Large-scale repressions against Ukrainians. The number ofarrests in Ukraine was 2.5 times higher in 1932 than in 1929 - and fourtimes higher in1933, reaching a record of almost 125,000 people.

EffiffiHSTS ffig$TffiXffiffiYH#ru

IN U KRAIN [ (in '000)

s3.g

ffiffiffi:$?s i s3* 1931

Excerpt from the telegram -Report on the dispatch of thefirst resettlers group(26,000 persons with house-hotds) from Russia to thedevastated by the Holo domorareas of Ukraine (December 1933)

5o u rc e : 5 t:'.,i *i,J h rai ne 5ti* js isr.tiiii c * | lii r*rJ* r*ie

."#*ffp rrsf;g*:sps flf;fu* #spaus rpr'$d

#&rsp-ryrgrps,3 r"v# {# #E*mrsmr*gf."s# #e,g*

fx.t 6** $s f'a*.crf sglf;$, {,rff r* #$rf d *prg,f.X/

fu*:rrxrus*: f*#Lr ts'{$:. *,erf*,*$ rt:fxt::v r,qr#fltr'":

U, ,ongressm.n Oruid Roth

"uF #s*, * # rrtruuui.F -lf? #;$' ;* fiuril ff f-#^gdp# ffu"r:"rlryi-*'it frrl f,,'rll-,:'i=ii3# it.rygg *}g #$.f's"Sp#f'?

{," f:$d.dii,i",F ffii:"i,f:'r#J:?,,13r' *,1}rs ###c$'p g'ry/" g,w#frPp

r,'vrgi i:r*ri- ;r:s *:frussdr r??####p. "f,$? ffug

iii:rf if *t*" {"rs'' +:rLo*fu*? gtu.f fl}'*# ff##fl flgd"fc.ff'4

r,r{:.T ,#,#i;: w;ifg,:;,$*?#,&" qx*x*er* ,ff.fur*rr-r# { fl

*,ry*'i f"gq-ft:xp$r,#s.? gj*l#ffd# *" ,flTJ?,*{, fr#rr#*r"

aT d; g"F sJ .{ fl$e *r ,{.$#-**.e $i$ F.r*? *T $p.rm f,p d*ye.t r

*sfrr{x$rus# $'f${r#ppsg k?,'ydd, d*: fer,rf*$v*r.*p"srr# a3 f:gr,r'-df*ryr *vr*dr m #r#ds? fylf *

t F ww #::i srr Wssss f #se p* gS w {rr tx* rs ",

Letter from the ltalian consut in Kharkiv,Sergio Gradenigo, to his Ambassador

in Moscow (1933)

3*.3

3#3{,

tW; -;3-q !?/ yi"f ,' ,.Jrro rir' . r.cn*-ii.tiisiEr.

* ffi#/* f ' ' **04+. i'l,Llr fiTF- r"*,ru*sait/WA,7ii I 'll5' rt*u '.atir- t;tJard31.saa;r

rr'ffiffi?Hf'Rr s?-r'+ tax*$pa m: s:{0 ornp*Br+s sasaa$ssfi ?H*aa&trgF64$nd$tgE_1d480Agffi8g Ce ytled$:l.S*'tf,d s l.i-fs F.s.a{:*s d0f$o*B,18SC SC ,1r+&OsSg -E *tgl5'fig ..J.dsfl i;;rFoilo?r. i 6t{6g6EErfi9F64.i146#fr8E_ldg80agffi iaf C,e ytled$:l.,+*'tf,d s l.i-rs So.a#*s a,F,grsg*B,1$gc sf fr#+#os+g .E *t#tago.:J.{$8 i:;!F**oar B G$68$E*IB,18gC Sfl fr#+#Og+g ,E *t #'ra3$ .J.{SB i:;!F**OBr I G$68$E*t

8d*Es 1r.I+) xs.,4Essg c o$iF# i'sdi.iqq{i'igs& rg$sos ilbr$;8 ,a+sx liu'l? si)?-s$8rffi t lglt6 n,sF+t. r?04il4S*f8$ Sj{sSseUHSi'6 '

orilfl*xe*xa_44*) xs.?gfiosii c g,}Wu .is{i.iqq{i'issr* lgo*or ilEgi$ ,eE0rdpsx liu'l? sir?-s$srffi t lglt6 ,{sF{rt. r?04il4**f8$ rj{s.}segHoro36Fea rBS#A$ir qqifi?{t s fra$a c4{+s: {.rrr&I*fl l1't9r.:g**t 3+"tr:t",sEF€arr*gEtrfl#it ilsof{l S frt$X g4{+S: *.tr;ilrfg(otf '$:is?a *84tr il F?s!$t lg$1s r*d,Is*,

B"SsS4fiAscs ips{x fg+-fl;re$r swq*,-sS..se.sr.itfl$s* spssr li*as,eesr cFEcHa;{} s z#x* (ctr6r$Bcs# ottrf,Asz${b Kris.rls#JfsE ;0sE xf.r-E.i8fo*}dB a+t)r''t'1 fl;;t r+r#gftstr,

:g*:{s*r s* llnq

' ir,t i,l"&H;i #I$ ffi&[}fij,its#|e{}, -

,{fg$f:if';S

1,4

m0r

Joseph Statin, Secretary General

of the U55R Communist parLy,

the highest-rankinE rnember of the

Cornrrunist hierarchy and the

de factn dictator of the U55R from

the rnid-i920s untiL his death in 1"953.

Viacheslav Molotov, head of the

CounciLfor People's Conrrnissars of the

U55R (Soviet government). One ofStaLin's closest allies, Molotov

persona[Ly monitored the confi scation

of grain in U kraine"

Lazar Kaganovich, Stalin's Loyal

henchman; Secretary of the USSR

Communist party in 1928*39; Secretary

of the Central Comnrittee of the

Communist party of Ukraine (1925-28);

special envoy to monitor grain confis-

catf on in the Northern Caucasus and

inspect grain procurement in Ukraine,

specificalty in the Odesa region.

Stanislav Kosiot First Seeretary

of the Communist party of Ukraine

in 1928*38, the actual ruler

of Soviet Ukraine"

Mendet Khataievich, Second Secretary

cf the Communist party of Ukraine in

t93 2*33, vested with "special powers"

to monitor the grain confiscations.

Pave[ Fostyshev, Second Secretary

of the LJkraineos Comrnunist party

Central eonrmittee. Vested with extra-

ordinary pswers in January 1933, his

rnain task, as defined by StaLin, was

"unconditional, fuLfiLment of the grain

procurement plan". AfLer the "pLan"

was futfiLled, Postyshev became

the major initiator and direct manager

of the terror and repressions that were

directed against the U krainian

cul"tural, sociaL and potitical elite.

Stanisl,av Redens, head of the GPU *State Politicat Directorate (secret

police) in Soviet Ukraine" He was the

chief investigator 0n the first criminal

cases fabricated against starving

U krainian peasants.

Vsevotod Satytsky, replaced 5. Redens

as a head of the GPU in Soviet

Ukraine. Fle initiated most of the cases

against starvin g peasa nts, senten cin g

them to death on trumped-up charges.

He played a Leading role in extermi-

nati ng the Ukrainian intelligentsia

during the "Terror" of the rnid-to-Late

t 93 0s.

1,5

& SYSKffitr4 ffiF ffiR-ef,ffiLH$Y$ was

introduced in the faLL of !932.ViLlages that failed to deLiver theimposed amount of grain wereplaced on so-called blacklists and

then encircled by armed detach-ments, so that a[L movement ofgoods was halted. Then, al,[ thefood within the blockaded areas

was confiscated.

ffiffieHru ffiffi#f,ffiffiffitu€ffiruY$ stilL con-tinued in b|'ackListed collectivefarms and villages until all, food-stuffs were confiscated. Peasants

living in blacklisted villages were

thus condemned to starvation; ineffect, this was a death sentence.

Resotution of the Potiticat Bureauof the Central Committee of

the Communist Party of Ukraine"0n the Intensification of Grain

Procurement" , !8 November lg32

1,6

*HIq#f,TtrH II\{ {TKRAIf'{H

Yffiffi g$#tffig#ru #F WHL$-e#ffiS and

confiscation of alt their food for-

ced peopte to consume cats, dogs,

and the carcasses of other dead

animals. There were even cases of

cannibalism among those who

were driven mad by starvation.

eLffiSffi all, of Soviet Ukraine was

turned into a starvation 'ghetto'.

Reptica of the minutesof a meeting of theVinnytsia Region Party

Executive Committee,hetd in November 7932,during which 6 districts,31 kothosps and individualsin 33 vittages were placed

on blacklists

g ilKvroxoJlv 3Ael&{llutl mrsruSl ilIHHIII&l(tr\)OSIIBI{IdOff(EXWY fiP() CTAIT XJIIS{YJATT'fiSFJIb

BpafiogexoHtACIll9:ummn.ln19J2p

fJIyXAiM 1 IIpo m@rr.ri6mmim* m pn*anx o6md (Isn ro*(}lomlelrgdl,IIOCTAITOBWfr*, L W,w Ht {lplry rurt:

#".$,$x,ffi $,ffi,$**,"*,*",-,*,-,-,,-*,--**-*,*-*****-***-,ffiMg$f,$aFfsdi, Jtlllnffi*|(rCi, Jlxmps.oa lbqtmnd|rcrn*nrrq|{*cr|g|fi,

E ffi #,3$-tff ff * fos-.--.ff **ffiM

ChBrmimcrf CP" Bopolsry*a'o pa*ar:f Sacffi"4trfrdt A*rsnrorclxdCP'Ker#om pnfinrf,fy6sa+xd"Ikptu*sdt, faikffi*x*fio p*nryt mry*s*46wnsrap poforg Borco.I$ruaxm*Idd, goruimx6 xgnro*nmxxrpefu Clwrgn*xdrCrym*xr*d' Crsrprrynaro pa*ryt:lxo*msd'ire'ry1itmx4 MP; mm Wt Xri.rruar*mo pa*oftmna Chem*rg g*inatmgx5mo nngoqr cm Fl$rsrdnl*, Kpnrnm, Itkimxmt pa#mlyocenr lle'4;ixn, I{bmfupqessu rnfrorri **;n rpninn' rpalffixtro nu6*rg em Boxodm*,l:*4nc!t@sl*p'.Jt?€F s-ry-

lfunmfuxom pdmyi c Posnrcnff' foflbm$elb [hpro$rr*xss pa*or;i cfooamm krlri. Inurur*xap mfistlfi c, ndasrvpissir Tym'uulc*xoru pfiary cfopqmmtsrlr*,

Witt Not Forget! Genocide in Ukraine.

Cover page of the programme commemorating

victims of the Holodomor. Pittsburgh, PA,

published by UCCA.

Private Collection of Morgan Williams

"Ffasy f'**fu #ffi/#y #v#ry#&rreg.

ff fFreyf**re#fm*#" f**y fss& rf#kff#y. ffirs try#s s #ecrsrsrx &y f&e

tr*rfy #sd f#e Sr#v#rffr??sr?f''

ff yssr ft?d s#$?F# f**d,ttrey fl##fd s#s?#y#$r ** Sf*esa*'".

Kateryna Panchenko,

Holodomor eyewitness, Kharkiv region

"'ffresr rf ps*ffds &md &ed#er? # fsrv#esffs #r ffs#s, sw#qyf&r*$r t*r#s

r#$?*ssmfed. f' d"f?rr*# t&sff*d*#*r??#r #f 3 #3"S FH#s defr&en#t"s

#r?d pfmn*s#; #*# sp#r# {rs fr#rffirsdfvrff$r ff mg*rn "'.

Kenia Datsenko,

Holodomor eyewitness, Cherkasy region

l, "tlm:mrrrH, nsolnufioni euorperuat pofiaryo "IIInu Jkfrs.d"Illnmp

rsi*ieryt fumoAmmre pf,fot{4 hr, I{odopil faSslsm Sfifot& Felilx+'ltePlryriirlsfi' nstttomrs& t{ermfurm pafrffi} eir" Kr{Ac' &nrieslBri,fr1g+rgg pafst :fteer*wsla5; Sepe*x* h{P* xomosrsflotffi:fr&rrun+xsrB pe*o*ryi "Siffirxm#nr Sapex*rn pfromp B<unrsarit* Kirmtxil

lllrpe{, ibqryn mtpl;lryr'rsu pafuryi c- ftrnu{ren' ndnpxdra fopomalrCIopdmlpc Orlufuor llpyra Km,laan' illr-rsipgofre*xpro pa*o1ry, e Kpmrrtq:!nrdlr{"t ffi pafoiry' c $06$*nab ftIffi' Tffi,*€' Khqagffl, T€rsm*xtro fc*my'

ffiLt$,ffigrg-,"*i.*T-: Frnr''

M

l'f fr 5AfiF;1Y J

lffirompa{rr&h'r&ePruscru'fgdmxom pffsgt cJoffil{.ntrl$f

THE GOAL of bringing the Hotodomor to internationat attention is to pay

tribute to the millions of innocent victims, to condemn the crimes of theSoviet Communist regime, to restore historicaljustice and to obtain inter-national recognition of the Ukrainian genocide.

BY MAKING THE cAsE of the Hotodomor as genocide, Ukraine seeks toincrease the international community's awareness of the fact that engi-neered famines are sti[[ being used as a weapon, and through this aware-ness to hetp prevent such deplorable acts elsewhere in the world.

18

ThE ffi PAffitx&fuBffiruY #T ffiKffi&Hruffi,

the Verkhovna Rada, called forinternationaL recognition of the

HoLodomor as genocide in itsthree Resolutions adopted during

2002-03.

ffiru trffi ru#wffitutffiffiffi trffi#6, theVerkhovna Rada of Ukraine passed

a Law declaring the Holodomor

as genocide.

Oleksandr Moroz,

Speaker of the Verkhovna Rada

(Parliament) of Ukraine

.,.i.,' i l';t,ri1i.ji:.ilii .;1.,ti ri,:rl

i . tr t,

.. :. i. "'

Viktor Yanukovych,Prime Minister of Ukraine

Leonid Kuchffio,President of Ukraine (1994-2004)

1,9

Address by PoPe John Paut IIto Ukrainians on 23 November 2003,

on the 70th commemorationof the Hotodomor

To date, the tegislative bodies of Australia, canada, Estonia,

Georgia, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, and the usA referred to

the 193 2-1933 Holodomor as Ukrainian genocide.

The House of Senatorsof &ffiffiffiruTHF$&, on ?3 Sep-

tem ber 2003, com memorated

the victims of the UkrainianHolodomor, "#]"$jmr:txed hv th*Sqliuj*t t*tm L:f,arj m n r*ffi{ }"ffi #'u.

The Senate of &ffiSYffiAhg&,

on 28 October 2003, recognizedthe starvation in Ukraine

as "*sl* *f th* rn*st h*t{"isLts aets

*f -q#ffiffie{d* {r"l hist*ry".

.$:i:.:l:t

The Senate of CANADA,

on 19 June 2003, called on theCanadian Governrnent "ta recog-nize the Ukrainian Famine/Ge-nocide of 1932-1,933 and tocondemn any attempt to denythis historical truth as beinga nythi n g Less th a n a gen oci de".

The Parliament of EST0NIA, on

20 0ctober 1993, condem ned"the communist policy of geno-cide in Ukraine".The Parliament of GE0RGIA, on

20 December 2005, stated that"the total,itarian Bolshevi k

regime.." committed a deliber-ate genocide against theUkrainian people".

The National Assembl,y of HUN-

GARY, on 26 November 2003,

com memorated "the terribLe

tragedy of man kind and victimsof genocide in U kraine" "arti-ficial and intentional famine,

caused by Stalin's Soviet regime".

The Sejm of LffHUANIA, on 24 No-

vember 2005, declared that "Sta-

Lin's communist regime carried out

deliberate, th 0r0ug h LV plan ned

genocide of the Ukrainian peop[e".

The Senate of P0LAND, on

16 March 2006, stated that the"the Holodomor was intentional-Ly designed by the despoticBolshevik regime". The Senate

upheld "the position of U kraineregarding the need to declare

1,932-1 933 Great Famine as an

act of genocide". The Sejm ofPoland condemned, on 6 Decem-

ber 2006, "the totalitarian regime

responsible for genocid e" .

The UNITED STATES Congress in2003 referred to the Hol,odomor

as genocide, quoting the1988 US Congress Commission

on the Ukraine Famine officialreport. The report reads 'Ioseph

Sta[in and those around him

committed genocide againstUkrainians in 1,932-1 93 3" .

t_,::

",:: :.,

?|j,$$.::,?,::;r,r,

**,. ":r

u .*i.

!1 'r"'n1..

blirit::..

.o*

Fii,.",

wr#dk

ffiffi*.'s{Bi:i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Ukrainian Institute of National Memory gratefu[[y acknowledges

the support and assistance of Ivan VASIUNYK Vladyslav VERSIIUK

Stanislav KULCHYTSIff (aLL - Ukraine), Morgan WILLIAMS (USA),

Stefan ROMANIV (Australia) and also of the Ukraine 3000InternationaI Charitable Fund.

Special thanks to:

Otha Bazhan (Ukraine)

Marta Kolomayets (USA)

Oleksiy Kopytko (Ukraine)

Vasyl Marochko (Ukraine)

Rustan Pyrih (Ukraine)

Yuriy Shapoval (U kraine)

Olesia Stasiuk (Ukraine)

Iroida Wynnyckyj (Canada)

Ihor Yukhnovsky, Director of the Ukrainian Institute ofNationaL Memory

0teksandr lvankiv, First Deputy Director of the UkrainianInstitute of National Memory

Roman Krutsyk, Deputy Director of the Ukrainian Instituteof National Memory

THIS BO0KLET has been prepared by: Anna Atekseyenko, Taras Byk,

Markiyan Datsyshyn, Volodymyr

Hrytsutenko, Lubomyr Mysiv,

0[eksandr Voroshylo

22

BIBLIOGRAPHY

www.golodomor.org.ua [in Ukrainian].

Central State Archive of Civic 0rganizations of Ukraine.

CoLleyM.S.,CoLLeyN.L. MoreThanaGrainofTruth.TheBiographyofGarethRichardVaughanJones.Nottingham, Engtand, 2005.

Conquesf R. The Harvest af Sorrow: Soviet Collectivization ond the Terror Famine. Edmonton, 1986.

Davies, R. W., and Wheatcroft, S. G. The Years of Hunger: Soviet Agriculture, 1931'1933 (The

I n d u stri a li zoti o n of Sovi et R ussi a ) . N ew York: Pa lgrave Macmi l[an, 2004.

Eyewitness Testimony on the 1.932-19i3 Holodomor [in Ukrainian].

http: / / www.hotodomo133.org. ua/evidence.ph p.

Famine in Soviet lJkraine 1932-1933. A Memorial Exhibition. Widener Library. Harvard University, 1986.

Internationol Commission of Inquiry inta the 1932-L933 Famine in Ukraine. FinaI report.

[J. W. F. Sundberg, President], 1990. IProceedings of the InternationaI Commission of Inquiry and

its Finat report are in typescript, contained in 6 vols.]

Ivnitsky, N. Collectivization and Dekulakizotion (Early 1930s) [in Russian]. Moscow,1994.

Khtevniuk,0., comp., and others. Stalin ond Kaganovich: Correspondence [in Russian]. Moscow,2001.

Kutchytsky, S.The 1932-1933 Holodomor in lJkraine as Genocide [in Ukrainian]. Kyiv, 2005.

Mace, J. Communism and the Dilemmo of National Liberation: NationaL Communism in Soviet

Ukraine, 1918-193i. Cambridge, Mass., 1983.

Mace, J. "I Was Chosen by Your Dead",The Day (Kyiv),18 February 2003'

Marochko, V. and others . The Fomine of 1932-1933 in Ukroine [in Ukrainian]. Kyiv, 2003.

Mytsyk, Yu. [rev.], ed. The lJkrainian Holocaust of 19j2-1933: Testimony of Those Wha Suruived

[in Ukrainian]. 3 vols. Kyiv,2004.

Nikolsky, V. M. Repressive Activities of the 1rgans of State Secuity of the USSR in Ukroine (Lote

1.920s-1950s) [in Russian]. Donetsk, 2003.

Serbyn, R. The lLkroinian Famine of 1932-1933 as Genocide in the Light of the UN Convention of1 945. http: / /www.archives. gov. ua/Sections/Fami ne/Serbyn-2006. ph p

Serhiychuk, V.,ed. IJkrainian Groin for Export: 1932-1933 [in Ukrainian]. Kyiv' 2006.

Stalin, J. Works lin Russianl. Moscow, 1952.

State Committee of Archives of Ukraine: Genocide of the Ukrainian People: 1932-1933 Holodomor'

http ://www. archives. gov. ua/Sections/Fami n el

The Famine of 1932-19j3 in lJkraine: Through the Eyes of Historians and the Language ofDocuments [in Ukrainian]. Kyiv, 1990.

The 1932-1933 Holodomar-Genocidein lJkraine. Materials ofthe Institute of Ukrainian History, National

Academy of Sciences of Ukraine [in Ukrainian]. http://www.president.gov.ua/content/150-2. htmt

The Tragedy of the Soviet Villoge: Collectivization and Dekulokization, 1927-1939. Documents and

Materials [in Russian], vo[. 3. Moscow,zAU'.

Tkachenko, B. l|nder the Black Stigma: Documents, Facts, Recolledions [in Ukrainian]. Lebedyn, 1993.

Vinnytsia Region State Archive.

The purpose of this booktet is to increase the international community's awareness of the Ukrainian genocide

in 1932-1933 - the Hotodomor. Al.though significant efforts have been made to gather the most up-to-date

information this work continues.

Witnesses'statements, used in the booktet" are taken from the "Lessons of History: the 1932-1933 Holodomor"

web-site (www.gotodomor.org.ua). created by the Ukraine 3000 Internationat Charitable Fund.

photocopy of Gareth Jones' letter to Lloyd George of 27 March 1933 is taken from

,,The Gareth Jones Archives - www.garethjones.org" (0riginal. Research, Content & Site Design by Niget Linsan Cotley).

Cover: fraqment of poster "Candtes of Memory" by Tetyana Mateha'

Hotodomor period photos were given by the Institute of Ukrainian History, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine'

photos from press-service of the President of Ukraine are used in the booklet.

24