10

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"CU= 150cm2 |@v=H CL=Ut |=Q=O w"OwW|t xOv=Q u}tR uwQO x@ 20mm/sC@=FCaQU =@ \wQNt 'V}=tR; u}= QOw �qc� \wQNt lwv Ctw=kt R= |}xDUw}B w ?wN Q=}U@ |=yxO=O uOWxOv=Q s=ovyC=YNWt w l =N wv j} Q] u}= R= w OvwW|t |Q}oxR=Ov= �fs� |Q=OH l =m]Y=s=ovy |Pivt Q=Wi u}vJty \wQNt Pwiv V}=tR; |] "OwW|t u}}aD u; |m}v=mtu}vJty "OwW|t |Q}oxR=Ov= R}v hkwD s=ovy u; wLt R=}v CQwYQO w V}=tR;QO u; |=yOQ@ Q=m xm '=Q l =N |WQ@ Gwt CaQU u=wD|t V}=tR; u}= j} Q] R=

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%OwW|t K}LYD 5 |x]@=Q T=U=Q@ 'Q=@ QUqc1 = qc

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"CU= |Q=OH Ctw=kt C@Uv Rf w xOW|Q}oxR=Ov= |Q=OH l =m]Y= fsIc = [(3 47� logQ)2 + (logRf + 1 22)2]0 5 (6)

Q = qc1f � �v0�0v0

w Rf = fs(qc1f � �v0)

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C}=yv QO "CU= Ic Q=Okt R= |a@=D f(Ic) w xOWp}OaD lwv Ctw=kt qca u; QO xm=@ R}v w CSR Q=Okt w xOWp}OaD lwv Ctw=kt R= xO=iDU= =@ u=wD|t 2 pmW j@=]t[4]"OQm u}}aD =Q l =N |x}q |}=Qou=wQ sOa =} |}=Qou=wQ 'CRR7 5 |vLvt x@ xHwD

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lwv Ctw=kt xOW K}LYD Q}O=kt R= u=WQ_=vDt CRR7 5 |=y|vLvt x@ SPT

Mw = 7 5 =@ Q@=Q@ xrRrR|oQR@ Qou=Wv 7 5T}Ov=� "Ov=xOW p}O@D CPT \wQNt"�CU=

*Q=Owtv *|ki= QwLt "OwW|t pta 1 pmW j@=]t VwQ u}= R= xO=iDU= |=Q@"OwW|t x@U=Lt 3 |x]@=Q j@=]t xm CU= qc1 |xOv}=tv pmW u}= QO xOWx�=Q=qc1 = 1 8

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xOW x�=Q= |irDNt u}kkLt \UwD Vs |WQ@ Gwt CaQU G}=Dv |=v@tQ@ |}=Qou=wQ[7]"OwW|t xOy=Wt 4 pmW QO =yQ=Owtv u}= R= |}xvwtv xm CU=

*G}=Dv w |WQ@ Gwt CaQU *G}=Dv R= pY=L CRR |=y|vLvt |xU}=kt =@qc1n Q}O=kt u=}t |m}x@l} Q_=vD u=wD|t �4 w 3 |=ypmW� \wQNt Pwiv V}=tR;

%OwW|t s=Hv= 16 |x]@=Q j@] (Vs1)cs |x@U=Lt "OQm O=H}= (Vs1)cs w(Vs1)cs = kcs � Vs1 = kcs � Vs( pa�0v0

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|WQ@ Gwt CaQU Vs'CU= FC R= |a@=D w =yxv=OR} Q KqY= ?} Q[ kcs u; QO xm|=yV}=tR; G}=Dv |xU}=kt R= u}vJty "CU= xOWK}LYD |WQ@ GwtCaQU Vs1wCaQU sy w xOW s=Hv= =yu; QO \wQNt Pwiv V}=tR; sy xm |}=yx=oDN=U QO =HQO\wQNt Pwiv V}=tR; G}=Dv w Vs u}@ |}x]@=Q 'Ow@ xOt; CUO x@ =yu; QO |WQ@ Gwt

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%s} Q=O Ic > 1 64 w Kc = 1 0 'Ic < 1 64 |=Q@ xmKc = �0 403I4

c + 5 581I3c � 21 63I2

c + 33 75Ic � 17 88(12)

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(qc1n)f = qc1n + �qc1n w �qc1n = Kc

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|oDU@ Ic Q=Okt x@ R}v FC w CU= �FC� xv=OR} Q OYQO R= |a@=D Kc u; QO xmCQwYx@ |vLvt u}= xm O};|t CUO x@ 3 pmW Q=Owtv R= CRR7 5 =yDv= QO "OQ=O

%CU= 14 |x]@=Q |=Q=O |@} QkD%x=ov; (qc1n)f < 50 Qo =

CRR7 5 = 0 833[ (qc1n)f1000 ] + 0 05 (14)

%x=ov; 50 < (qc1n)f < 160 Qo = wCRR7 5 = 93[ (qc1n)f

1000 ]3 + 0 08 (15)

[7] Vs w CPTu G}=Dv u}@ |oDU@ty '10TwQOv= VwQV}=tR; '�SCPTu� |}xRQr \wQNt Pwiv V}=tR; Q}_v =HQO |=yV}=tR; G}=Dv R=QO '�Downhole� |y=JuwQO |}xRQrV}=tR; w �Crosshole� |y=J u}@ |}xRQrp}Uv=DB |@=} RQ= Qw_vtx@ |}=yQ=Owtv 'OvOw@ xOW |}=Qou=wQ Q=JO xm |}=yx=oDN=U

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[9]%OwW|t xO=iDU= 21 |x]@=Q R= |Q@ Q=@qtn = qt

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\wQNt pm |Q@ Q=@ VvD qt w \wQNt |xOWxR}r=tQv pm |Q@ Q=@ VvD qtn u; QO xmut[ [9]'xOW s=Hv= |=yxar=]t R= |m} QO "CU= |Pivt Q=Wi K}LYD R= Oa@'Ow@ xOW s=Hv= =yv; QO GvUCtw=kt \wQNt Pwiv V}=tR; xm C}=U u}OvJ |UQQ@55bar OwOL Z=@kv= � `=UD= u}@ RQt D w qtn ?ULQ@ |Q=Owtv |x�=Q= =@Qo = OW O=yvW}B T=U= u}=Q@ "D = 1 QO qtn = 55bar %|va} Ot; CUO x@xH}DvQO w OwW|t ?wULt pW w OQ=O |[=@kv= Q=DiQ xU=t x=ov; qtn < 55baru=wvax@ w OQ=O |a=UD= Q=DiQ xU=t 'qtn > 55bar Qo = =t= 'OQ=O |}=Qou=wQ p}Uv=DB

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13|OQwt C=ar=]tQO \wQNt Pwiv V}=tR; G}=Dv x@ '|}=Qou=wQ p}Uv=DB |@=} RQ= |=yVwQ |UQQ@ |=Q@QO w OvOw@ xOW |}=Qou=wQ Q=JO =yu; R= |NQ@ xrRrR s=ovy QO xm Ow@ R=}v |}=yC}=U\wQNt Pwiv |=yV}=tR; |=yxO=O Qw_vtu}O@ "Ow@ xO=Ov MQ |}=Qou=wQ Qo}O |NQ@x@ xHwD =@ "OW |Qw;`tH Ow@ xO=O MQ =yu; QO xrRrR xm hrDNt x=oDN=U 10 QOjta =D QFm =OL =yxO=O 'O@=}|t Vy=m |}=Qou=wQ p}Uv=DB jta V}=Ri= QF=Q@ xm u}=Qo}Om} x@ C@Uv jta QO |QDt|Dv=U 20 pY=wi =@ w u}tR K]U R= |QDt 10'OvOW hPL =yxO=O u=}t R= OvOw@|UQ |=yl =N pt=W xm|}=yx}q "OvOW G=QNDU=p}Uv=DB |@=} RQ= |r}rLD |=yVwQ |xU}=kt |=Q@ =yV}=tR; u}= |=yxO=O TBUQ@ |}=Qou=wQ OaDUt |=yl =N |x}L=v |x�=Q= QO R}v w OW QmP QDV}B xm |}=Qou=wQ|}xYqN 1 pwOH QO "CiQo Q=Qk |UQQ@ OQwt l =N |Ov@xk@] |=yQ=Owtv |wQ

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5 R= xO=iDU= =@ p@k VN@ QO xOW|iQat x=oDN=U 10 R= xOt; CUOx@ |=yxO=O[4]'|mwRwU VwQ [3]'O}U VwQ pt=W |}=Qou=wQ |@=} RQ= |=Q@ xOW|iQat VwQ

[7]%CU= xOt; CUO x@ 17 |x]@=Q j@=]t R}tD |=yxU=t |=Q@(Vs1)cs = B1[(qc1n)cs]B2 (17)

B1 = 62 6� 17 8 w B2 = 0 231� 0 060 (18)

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19

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CWwv=B1. cone penetration test2. cyclic resistance ratio3. cyclic stress ratio4. seed5. standard penetration test6. Suzuki7. Robertson8. Wride9. national center of earthquake engineering reasearch10. Andrus

11. vibropiezocone12. resistivity cone penetration test13. case histories14. peat

`@=vt1. Youd, T.L., et al. \Liquefaction resistance of soils:

Summary report from the 1996 NCEER and 1998NCEER/NSF workshops on evaluation of liquefaction

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resistance of soils," Journal of Geotechnical & Geoenvi-ronmental Engineering, 127(10), pp. 817-33 (2001).

2. Seed, H.B. and Idriss, I.M. \Simpli�ed procedure forevaluation of soil liquefaction potential," Journal ofthe Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, ASCE,97(SM9), pp. 1249-1274 (1971).

3. Seed, H.B. and De Alba, P. \Use of SPT and CPT testfor evaluating the liquefaction resistance of soils," Pro-ceedings, Use of In-situ Tests in Geotechnical Engineer-ing, ASCE, pp. 1249-73 (1986).

4. Suzuki, Y.; Koyamada, K. and Tokimatsu, K. \Predic-tion of liquefaction resistance based on CPT tip resis-tance and sleeve friction," Proceeding XIV InternationalConference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineer-ing, Hamburg, Germany, pp. 603-606 (1997).

5. Robertson, P.K. and Wride, C.E. \Cyclic liquefactionpotential and its evaluation based on the SPT andCPT," Proceedings, Workshop on Evaluation of Lique-faction Resistance, NCEER-97-0022, Bu�alo, NY, pp.41-87 (1997).

6. Robertson, P.K. and Wride, C.E. \Evaluating CyclicLiquefaction potential using the Cone Penetration Test,"Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 35(3), pp. 442-459(1998).

7. Andrus, R.D.; Piratheepan, P.; Ellis, B.S.; Zhang, J.F.and Juang, C.H. \Comparing liquefaction evaluationmethods using penetration-Vs relationships," Soil Dy-namics and Earthquake Engineering, 24, pp. 713-721(2004).

8. Tokimatsu, K. \Penetration tests for dynamic prob-lems," Penetration Testing 1 (Proceeding ISOPT-1),Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 117-136 (1988).

9. Campanella, R.G. and Kokan, M. \A new approach tomeasuring dilatancy in saturated sands," GeotechnicalTesting Journal, ASTM, 16(6) (1993).

10. PEER. \Documenting incidents of ground failure result-ing from the Aug, 17, 1999, Kocaeli, Turkey earthquake,"(2000). WWW.http://peer.Berkeley.edu.

11. Ku, C.S.; Lee, D.H. and Wu, J.H. \Evaluation of soil liq-uefaction in the Chi-Chi, Taiwan earthquake using CPTdata," Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 24,pp. 659-673 (2004).

12. Youd, T.L. and Gilstrap, S.D. \Liquefaction and de-formation of silty and �ne-grained soils," Proceeding of2nd International Conference on Earthquake Geotech-nical Engineering, Lisbon, Portugal, 3, pp. 1013-1020(1999).

13. Fellenius, B.H. and Eslami, A. \Soil pro�le interpretedfrom CPTu data," Proceedings of Year 2000 GeotechnicsConference, Southeast Asian Geotechnical Society, AsianInstitute of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand, November27 - 30, 2000, Editors Balasubramaniam, A.S., Bergado,D.T., Der-Gyey, L., Seah, T.H., Miura, K., Phien-wej,N. and Nutalaya, P., 1, pp. 163-171 (2000).

14. Robertson, P.K. \Soil classi�cation using the cone pene-tration test," Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 27(1), pp.151-158 (1990).

15. Eslami, A. and Fellenius, B.H. \CPT and CPTu datafor soil pro�le interpretation: Review of methods and aproposed new approach," Iranian Journal of Science &Technology, Transaction B, 28(B1), pp. 69-86 (2004).

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