Upload
ericaandrei
View
1.755
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
It is a recapitulation for intermediate level.
Citation preview
MODULUL II – Engleza mediu
Cand folosim „MAKE” si cand folosim „ DO”
Folosirea lui „MAKE” Folosirea lui „DO”
1. „make” se foloseste atunci cand creem, construim, preparam ceva palapabil, NU se foloseste pentru activitati.
make food - a face mancaremake coffee – a face cafeamake a mess – a face mizeriemake a cup of tea – a face ceai
1. „do” se foloseste cand prestam o activitate zilnica, nepalpabila
do homework – a face temeledo a job – a face o treabado the ironing – a calcado the dishes – a spala vasele
He made a tasty bread.El a facut o paine gustoasa.
First, do your homework, and then you can go out.Mai intai, fa-ti temele, si apoi poti merge afara.
2. „make” este asociat intotdeauna cu o decizie practica 2.„ do” este asociat intodeauna unei idei, teorii
I usually make about 50 sit ups in the morning.De obicei fac 50 flotari dimineata.
I ususally do the cleaning on Saturday Morning.De obicei fac curat sambata dimineata.
3. „make” este folosit in expresii standard formate din verbul „make” + susbtantiv:
make a copy – a face o copiemake a change – a face o schimbaremake a comment– a face un comentariu make a date with girl / boy – a se intalni cu o fata / baiatmake a demand– a face o cerere make a decision – a lua o deciziemake a deal – a face o intelegeremake a guess – a face o presupuneremake a mistake – a face o gresealamake a movement – a face o deplasaremake a promise – a face o promisiunemake a remark - a face o remarcamake a request – a face o cereremake a reservation – a face o rezervaremake a speech – a tine un discursmake a telephone call – a da un telefonmake an appoiment with – a stabili o intalnire cumake an accusation – a face o acuzaremake an effort – a face un efortmake an estimate – a face o estimaremake an excuse – a se scuzamake an impression – a face o impresiemake an offer – a face o ofertamake arrangements – a face aranjamentemake friend – a face prietenimake noise – a face zgomotmake money - a face banimake plans – a face planurimake your bed ( aftre you get up ) – a-ti face patul ( dupa ce te trezesti )
3.„ do” este folosit in expresii standard formate din verbul „do” + susbtantiv:
do an activity – a face o activitatedo a course – a face o cursado a dance – a face dansurido a job – a face un serviciudo a favour – a face o favoaredo a lesson – a studia o lectiedo a paper – a scrie o hartiedo a problem – a rezova o problemado a service – a face un serviciudo the acting – a face teatrudo the cleaning - a face curatdo the dishes – a spala vaseledo the ironing – a calcado the shopping – a face cumparaturido the trick – a faec un trucdo aerobics – a face aerobicdo business – a face afacerido drugs – a folosi drogurido exercises – a face exercitiido good – a face binedo housework – a face treburi casnicedo harm – a face raudo justice – a face dreptatedo your best – a face totul pentrudo your duty – a-ti face datoriado your hair – a-ti aranja paruldo ( some ) damage– a face pagubado ( some ) research – a face investigatiido some work – a face o treabado right / do wrong – a face bine / rau
I’ll make an exception this time.Voi face o exceptie de aceasta data.
Could you do me a favor and watch my bags?Poti sa-mi faci o favoare sa te uiti la bagajele mele?
Page 1 of 8
MODULUL II – Engleza mediu
4. ---------------------------------------------------------
4.„do” se foloseste cand vorbim de lucruri generale, vagi sau activitati nedefinite folosind in acest caz:
something,nothing,anything,everything etc.
----------------------------------------------------------John does everything by hand – he is amazing!
John face totul cu mainile – este uimitor!
5. ----------------------------------------------------------- 5.„do” intareste uneori intelesul verbului pe care-l determina
-----------------------------------------------------Yes, I do tell you the truth.Da, ti-am spus adevarul.
Important!
Folosirea lui “DO” se face si pentru activitati variate terminate in “ ing” cum ar fi do some gardening, do some thinking, do some painting, etc.
Retineti!
Pentru a nu mai fi in dificultate si a intelege cat mai bine cand il folosim pe ”MAKE” si cand pe “DO” retineti urmatorul exemplu:
Do the shopping. - A face cumparaturi. – explicatie: noi chiar nu creem nimic, noi doar facem o activitate. Make a cake. - A face o prajitura. – explicatie: noi chiar creem ceva.
Page 2 of 8
MODULUL II – Engleza mediu
Axa timpurilor
Perfect Past simple Present simple Future 1 - 2 Past Present
continuous
Prezentul perfect simplu ( The Present Perfect Simple )
Prezentul perfect simplu se refera la o actiune inceputa in trecut si continuata pana in prezent sau savarsita in
trecut si legata intr-un fel sau altul de momentul vorbirii.
I. Prezentul perfect simplu se formeaza astfel:
1. Afirmativ:
Subiect + Have / Has + Verb – col III ( participiu trecut ) + restul propozitiei neschimbata.
You have heard a noise. - Tu ai auzit un zgomot.
2. Interogativ:
Have / Has + Subiect + Verb – col III ( participiu trecut ) + restul propozitiei neschimbata
Have you heard a noise? - Ai auzit un zgomot?
3. Negativ:
Subiect + Have / Has + Not + Verb – col III ( participiu trecut ) + restul propozitiei neschimbata.
You haven’t heard a noise. - Tu nu ai auzit un zgomot.
II. Prezentul perfect exprima:
Page 3 of 8
MODULUL II – Engleza mediu
1. O actiune care a avut loc in trecutul recent si care are rezultate in prezent
I’m afraid I have lost my wallet. I can’t find it anywhere.– Mi-e teama ca mi-am pierdut portofelul. Nu-l pot gasi nicaieri..
2. O actiune din trecut care se poate repeta si in prezent sau chiar in viitor
My brother has written a book of poems. – Fratele meu a scris o carte de poezii.
3. O actiune care tocmai s-a incheiat si este legata de momentul prezent.
In acest caz se folosesc adverbe si expresii precum: just, already, yet, lately, recently, till now, so far, the last few hours / days etc.
I’m worried because I haven’t received any letter from my sister so far.
R: Sunt ingrijorat pentru ca nu am primit pana acum nici o scrisoare de la sora mea.
Atentie !
a. Just – se foloseste numai in propozitii afirmative.
The postman has just come . – Postasul tocmai a venit.
b. Yet – se foloseste in:
propozitii interogative pentru a afla daca actiunea a avut loc, fara a ne interesa timpul in care s-a petrecut actiune si nu se traduce in romana.
Has the postman come yet ? – A venit postasul?
propozitii negative – traducandu-se prin “inca“
The postman hasn’t come yet . – Postasul nu a venit inca.
c. Already – se foloseste in:
propozitii afirmative accentuandu-se idea ca actiunea a avut loc.
The postman has already come . – Postasul a venit déjà.
propozitii interogative exprimand mirarea ca a avut loc actiunea.
Has the postman already come ? – A venit déjà postasul?
Page 4 of 8
MODULUL II – Engleza mediu
4. O activitate care a avut loc in mod frecvent in trecut pana in prezent, cu rezultate in prezent .
In acest caz se folosesc adverbele de timp nehotarat: never, ever, sometimes, often, seldom, always, usually.
Have you ever met George? – L-ai intalnit vreodata pe George?
Atentie !
Adverbele de timp nehotarat: never, ever, sometimes, often, seldom, always, usually – pot fi folosite si la trecutul simplu, daca se refera la situatii fara nici o legatura cu prezentul.
We always got on well together when we were young. – Intotdeauna ne impacam bine cand eram tineri.
5. O actiune desfasurata intr-o perioada de timp bine definita, terminata sau continuand in momentul vorbirii, poate chiar si-n viitor
In acest caz se folosesc adverbe si expresii precum: since, for, how long,
Atentie !
a. Since – introduce fie un complement sau o propozitie circumstantiala de timp, care se refera la momentul inceperii actiunii ( trecut ).
I have known George since last month . – Il cunosc pe George de luna trecuta.
b. For – introduce fie un complement circumstantial de timp si arata durata perioadei de timp, terminate sau continuand si in prezent, in care se desfasoara actiunea.
I have known George for a few weeks. – Il cunosc pe George de cateva saptamani.
6. O actiune savarsita intr-o perioada incompleta de timp.
In acest caz se folosesc adverbe de timp precum: today, this morning, this afternoon, this evening, this week, this month etc.
I have met George this morning. – L-am intalnit pe George in aceasta dimineata.
Atentie !
This morning – se foloseste cu verbul la prezentul perfect numai pana la ora 12.This afternoon – se foloseste cu verbul la prezentul perfect pana la asfintit.
Page 5 of 8
MODULUL II – Engleza mediu
Prezentul perfect continuu ( The Present Perfect Continuous )
Prezentul perfect continuu se refera la o actiune inceputa in trecut si a caror consecinte se vad si pot continua
in prezent.
I. Prezentul perfect continuu se formeaza astfel:
1. Afirmativ:
Subiect + Have / Has + Been + Verb infinitiv + terminatia “ing” + restul propozitiei neschimbata.
I have been tak ing driving lesson for a month. – Iau lectii de condus de o luna.
2. Interogativ:
Have / Has + Subiect + Been + Verb infinitiv + terminatia “ing” + restul propozitiei neschimbata
How long have you been tak ing driving lesson? – De cat timp iei lectii de condus?
3. Negativ:
Subiect + Have / Has + Not + Been + Verb infinitiv + terminatia “ing” + restul propozitiei neschimbata
You haven’t been tak ing driving lesson lately. – In ultima vreme nu ai m-ai luat lectii de condus.
II. Prezentul perfect continuu se foloseste pentru:
1. A accentua continuitatea unei actiuni pentru o perioada mai lunga de timp pana in momentul vorbirii:
Please excuse my dirty hands. I have been digging the garden. – Te rog sa ma ierti ca am mainile murdare. Am sapat in gradina.
2. O actiune inceputa in trecut si continuata neintrerupt in prezent:
We have been talking since the meeting started. – Stam de vorba de cand a inceput sedinta..
Page 6 of 8
MODULUL II – Engleza mediu
Cuvinte si sinonimele acestora
Cuvant Sinonim Traducere
to cope to manage a se descurca, a administrato wonder to ask a se intreba, a se minunato wander to walk a se plimba
to fail not to succeed a esuanowadays thesedays acum, in zile noastre
to fulfil to achive a duce la indeplinireconducive the proper for propice, potrivit
the appropriate the proper for propice, potrivitaverage the middle part medie
to hang out to relax a se relaxa, a pierde timpulto use to to do usually a obisnui sato rent to hire a inchiria, a se angajayard garden gradina
to concern to worry a se ingrijorafolks people oamenikid child copil
block street stradaflat apartment apartament
to nurture to bring up a creste, a educato cherish to appreciate a apreciato clear up to bring home a lamuri
bond link legaturawhether if daca, in orice cazanxious eager nerabdator
date meeting intalniredata information informatii
short look glance ocheada, privire scurtamake an excuse make apologize a se scuza
carefully simpathetically cu atentielately a long time ago in ultima vreme
briefly shorthly pe scurtfind out to discover a aflalook into to investigate a investigalook for to search a cautaloot at to pay attention a fi atent
look after take care a avea grijalook over to check a verifica
hear about to know a auzihear from to have news about a sti despre
glance through have a look a se uita pesteto pay a visit to go on a visit a face o vizita
to pay attention to be atendive a fi atentto pay back to revenge a plati cuiva ( o polita )to pay off to finish a finalizato pay off to come to an end a finaliza
to persuate to convince a convinge
Page 7 of 8
MODULUL II – Engleza mediu
Expresii si sinonimele acestora
Expresie Sinonim Traducere
as far as I know ------------------------- din cate stiu eumeanwhile ------------------------- intre timpin a while immediately imediatas soons as shortly imediat
we’ll get a new brand ------------------------ a lua de la capatin a blue moon never niciodata
to be blue homesickness a fi nostalgicwaste of time ------------------------ pierdere de vreme
the time is right for me ------------------------ este timpul meui’ll cross the stream ------------------------ voi trece peste problemeboth as .... and as ------------------------ atat .... cat si
holiday open house ------------------------ cu usile deschiseto make to talk to have a talk with a face conversatie
to make an excuse to apologize a-si cere scuzeto make an appoitment to arrangement a face un aranjamnet
to be looking forward to ------------------------there is no use ------------------------ nu are sens sa
to strike a deal come to agreement a ajunge la o intelegereto take a seat sit down a lua loc
in the day ----------------------- in timpul zileimany happy returns of the day happy birthday la multi ani
looke here! ---------------------- asculta!not at all ---------------------- de loc, nicidecum
i beg your pardon --------------------- scuzati-mato get on well --------------------- a se impaca binehere you are --------------------- poftim
do you mind? --------------------- te superi?to make up one’s mind to decide a se hotara
above all on the first time in primul randto have a touch of ------------------ a fi atins deon one’s way to ------------------ in drum spre
to lose one’s way to get lost a se ratacito have a rest ------------------ a se odihni
on the one hand ------------------ pe de o partein spite of ----------------- in ciuda
tanks awfully ------------------ multumesc foarte multis good enough for me sufficient imi este suficient
if you ask me my opinion dupa mine, dupa parerea meato bear out to confirm a confirma
what’s the matter? happened ce s-a intamplat?to bear out to confirm a confirma
glance through have a look a arunca o privire peste
Page 8 of 8