QoS - 2013, Odessa, 22-23 June 2013 1

Recent Progress in Television

Christoph DoschDavid Wood

ITU-R Study Group 6

What to expect?

QoS - 2013, Odessa, 22-23 June 2013 3

What is the progress?• Increasing the viewer’s sense of involvement

and quality of experience.• Increasing the range and type of services that

the viewer is able to access on the same terminal (’convergence’).

• Increasing the efficiency by which the services are delivered.

• Made possible by technology improvements in displays and IC density.

QoS - 2013, Odessa, 22-23 June 2013 4

Where are the main areas of progress in practice?

• HDTV, UHDTV (Ultra-HD, Super Hi-Vision). • Stereoscopic 3DTV (with glasses)

– Frame Compatible (FC) S-3DTV– Service Compatible (SC) S-3DTV

• Auto-stereoscopic AS-3DTV (no glasses)• Broadband/Broadcast convergence• Smart TV, Second Screen, or CombinationWe concentrate for this presentation on the first two above but provide a bit

of info on the latter two

QoS - 2013, Odessa, 22-23 June 2013 5

But what makes media technology successful is changing!

• The Old Success Factors• Content available• Furniture value• Image/Sound Quality• Usability• Continuous Externalities• Price

• The New Elements• Playback failure• Social context• Contiguous Externalities• Prior experiences/Expectations• Personal skills available• Price

The Interactive Generation0 -to-34 years’ old

The Inactive Generation34 plus years’ old

QoS - 2013, Odessa, 22-23 June 2013 6

‘Quality of Experience’ factors to consider

• Static resolution and sharpness• Dynamic resolution (strobing, judder, detail in moving

objects)• Flicker• Colour fidelity (primaries, colour encoding)• Dynamic range (bit/sample, transfer characteristic)• Depth perception (depth cues)• Audio object localization and fidelity• Need: improving them with a significant step in a balanced,

affordable, and comfortable way• Backward compatibility can also be important

QoS - 2013, Odessa, 22-23 June 2013 7

‘System Efficiency’ factors to consider

• Video Compression• Audio Compression• Transport Layer• Modulation systems • Need: improving them in a significant step in

a balanced and affordable way, in line with quality factors

• Backward compatibility can also be important

QoS - 2013, Odessa, 22-23 June 2013 8

Who does what in UHDTV?

UHDTVUHDTV

ITU-R

SMPTE

EBU

DVB

FTV - BeyondHD

24TB – SG on UHDTV Ecosystem

ITU-R SG6 WP6c

CM - UHDTV

CM/TM - AVC

Rec. ITU BT.2020: Parameters for UHDTV

SMPTE 2036 – 1 : Image parameters for UHDTV

32NF – Multilink 3G SDI

UHD-1 Test material

UHD-1 vs HDTV

Frame rate issues?

MPEG (ISO/IEEC)

HEVC*

3D Audio

CEA / DE

Main profile

Main 10 profile

Report ITU BT 2246-1: State of UHDTV systems

*jointly withITU-T (H.265)

SMPTE 2036 – 2 : Audio characteristics and audio mapping SMPTE 2036 – 3 : Mapping of UHDTV in 10Gbps interface

QoS - 2013, Odessa, 22-23 June 2013 9

ITU• Created the current reference

document for UHDTV image parameters Rec. ITU-R BT 2020 - Aug’12.

• ITU-R BT 2246-1 – Aug’12. provides a report on the study of the different UHDTV parameters listed in BT 2020

- Available for download on the ITU website of Study Group 6

http://www.itu.int/ITU-R/index.asp?category

=study-groups&rlink=rsg6&lang=en (Click on Publications)

9

QoS - 2013, Odessa, 22-23 June 2013 10

Rec. ITU-R BT.2020

• Two UHDTV levels – 8 Mpixels and 32 Mpixels images• Assembled multiples of HDTV 1080p/1920 – 4 and 16

times • Parameter values were chosen to be ‘future-proof’ to

last 30 years • New wider ‘colour primaries’• Option of ‘constant luminance YUV coding’• Bit depth 10 and 12 bits/sample• Frame rates up to 120Hz (for better motion portrayal)

QoS - 2013, Odessa, 22-23 June 2013 11

Parameters in THE UHDTV signal format

Parameter Value

Aspect Ratio 16x9

Pixel Raster 3840x2160 (4k), 7680x4320 (8k)

Pixel aspect ratio 1:1 (square pixels)

Scan Progressive

Frame Rate 120, 60, 60/1.001, 50, 30, 30/1.001, 25, 24, 24/1.001

Precision 10 bits 12 bits

Code for Reference Black 64 256

Code for Reference White 940 3760

Value for Reference Black (cd/m2) unspecified

Value for Reference White (cd/m2) unspecified

Non-linear coding Linear+Gamma 2.2 (same as Rec.709)

QoS - 2013, Odessa, 22-23 June 2013 12

What happens to quality with increasing spatial resolution?

Quality proportional to square root of resolution

Quality proportional to square root of resolution

QoS - 2013, Odessa, 22-23 June 2013 13

UHD-232Mpixels16x1080pDisplays 2020?

? ?

UHD-18Mpixels4x1080pDisplays 2014?

? ? ?

‘Movie’ Frame rates.24,25,30 Hz

‘TV’ Frame rates.50, 60, 60/1.001

Higher Frame rates.100,120 Hz

Similar to DCI movie format – content readily

available

Higher frame rate improves viewing

experience

QoS - 2013, Odessa, 22-23 June 2013 14

The Future is Faster : 50 and 60fps are too low frame rates

• Static Resolution in UHDTV is much better than SD• Dynamic Resolution no better than SD

unless frame-rate is increasedSD

50 Hz

HD50 Hz

UHDTV60 Hz

UHDTV120 Hz

QoS - 2013, Odessa, 22-23 June 2013 15

Do we need new DVB delivery systems for UHDTV?

• DVB-S2 has the capacity for UHD-1, and it will be followed by new satellite systems with higher capacity (backwards compatible/non backwards compatible)

• DVB-T2 is adequate for UHD-1, but system with MIMO may be valuable for UHD-2

• UHDTV probably needs an adaptive streaming system for broadband Internet

QoS - 2013, Odessa, 22-23 June 2013 16

Korea – Terrestrial UHD-1 is on trial with DVB-T2 today.

QoS - 2013, Odessa, 22-23 June 2013 17

Audio for UHDTV• No ITU agreement on new system yet • Large screens make height localization more valuable • Screen surround may include speakers, or speakers may be around

the room?• Three basic approaches – channel based, scene based, and object

based • Channel based – e.g ‘22.2’ ch. and ‘10.2’ ch. • Scene based – e.g. ‘ambisonics’• Object based – e.g. ATMOS • All could also be used with ‘binaural headphones’!• Proposals to ITU has been made for universal speaker location

system

QoS - 2013, Odessa, 22-23 June 2013 18

Two broadcast profiles under discussion in DVB project, drawing on BT.2020

• For use in 2014/2015, the UHD-1C profile. (C=conventional frame rate)

• Up to 60Hz.• 5.1 audio.• 10 bits/sample• but include 1080p/up to 120Hz in decoder

• For use in 2017/2018, the UHD-1H profile (H=high frame rate)• up to 120Hz• High Dynamic Range metadata• scalable video so UHD-1C and UHD-1H are forward and backward

compatible. • advanced audio system

QoS - 2013, Odessa, 22-23 June 2013 19

3DTV - ITU Profiles and Levels

• First Generation 3DTV (two views)– Level 0 3DTV Anaglyph– Level 1 3DTV Frame Compatible

(half of vertical/horizontal resolution)– Level 2 3DTV Frame Compatible with top up– Level 3 3DTV Service Compatible (L + difference signal)

• Second Generation 3DTV (multiple lateral views)• Third Generation 3DTV (Object Wave Recording)

QoS - 2013, Odessa, 22-23 June 2013 20

The 3DTV situation Today• S-3DTV displays widely available – using either

polarization plane or shutter glass viewing. • Most used broadcast system today is the DVB ‘Frame

Compatible’ (FC) system • Blu Ray system is a ‘Service Compatible’ (SC) system

with an MVC (multiple video coding) ‘top up’ signal• Some use (Korea) of a ‘Dual Stream’ (DS) system with

independent L and R HDTV images (mixed MP2/MP4) • Future (next ten years) probably lies with an AS-3DTV

system, using Ultra-HD displays that display multiple images, with screen coating that directs the viewers’ eyes to one pairs of images

20

QoS - 2013, Odessa, 22-23 June 2013 21

3DTV or UHDTV – WHICH IS BEST? UHDTV suit different things.

• 3DTV suits certain types of programme content. Benefits come where you can get cameras physically close to the action, and where there is limited action.

• UHDTV suits certain types of content. Benefits come when there is a ‘large canvas’ event with lots of detail and motion.

• Both 3DTV and UHDTV have strengths!

QoS - 2013, Odessa, 22-23 June 2013 22

One of the big UHDTV jobs to be done -Metadata

• To allow for different display colour primaries (2020 is close to OLED primaries, but others in practical use as well)

• To allow for different colour encoding (CL and non CL)

• To signal frame rates• To signal audio system• Would you like to help?

QoS - 2013, Odessa, 22-23 June 2013 23

IBB – Integrated Broadcast-Broadband systems

• ITU-Term for convergence at the service level (Report to be published in BT series)

• Examples are HbbTV (Europe), YouView (UK) or HybridCast (Japan)

• Receivers/terminals are equipped with both a broadcast and an Internet interface – broadcast and Internet-based services cooperate (or not)

• Such TV receivers or set-top boxes are often called Connected TV or Smart TV

• Most flat screens sold today are Smart TVs

QoS - 2013, Odessa, 22-23 June 2013 24

Example: HbbTV (Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV) – An Open ETSI Standard

• Current version: ETSI TS 102 796 v1.2.1 (November 2012)First ETSI standard (version 1.0) in June 2010

• Work ongoing towards version 2.0 (with support of the EU project HBB-NEXT)

• All references under www.hbbtv.org

• The HbbTV specification does not depend on a particular broadcast link nor on a particular IP link. It may be applicable with either or connection, but gains most momentum in a connected environment to broadcast and broadband

http://www.hbb-next.eu/

QoS - 2013, Odessa, 22-23 June 2013 25

The RED BUTTON function

When selecting a TV programme, the „RED BUTTON“ signals possible access to HbbTV services

Examples of using HbbTV

QoS - 2013, Odessa, 22-23 June 2013 26

Launcher application (first national German programme)

After pushing the RED BUTTON on the remote control the START PAGE appears

Examples of using HbbTV

QoS - 2013, Odessa, 22-23 June 2013 27

Via the tablet the TV application can be made invisible (Demonstration at IFA 2012 jointly provided by IRT and rbb)

Examples of using HbbTV

Second Screen for easy operation and additional services (e.g. for barrier-free TV)

QoS - 2013, Odessa, 22-23 June 2013 28

Use of HbbTV in combination with a 2nd Screen

Principle of the Second Screen framework

Any display device that allows

connection to Internet can be

used

Diagramme: HBB-NEXT

QoS - 2013, Odessa, 22-23 June 2013 29

Conclusions1. Progress is due to improvements in IC density and

display technology 2. These allow systems with greater efficiency3. Progress comes in the quality of experience,

efficiency and range of services on the same terminal (plus “convergence”)

4. Most important for the next 5 years may be UHD-1 and possibly auto-stereoscopic 3DTV on UHD-1 displays

5. But what makes a system successful is changing!

QoS - 2013, Odessa, 22-23 June 2013 30

Thank you for listening!

Christoph Dosch David Wooddosch@irt.de wood@ebu.chChair ITU-R SG 6 Chair ITU-R WP 6C

www.irt.de www.ebu.ch