: . , . / 2009

HELLENIC ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY T.. 3249 K.T. 102 10 AHNA P Box 3249 K.T. GR-102 10 ATHENS, GREECE .O.

.....

80%

Copyright 2009, ISBN: 978-960-85298-8-5 : , : : -: +, T. 2310 797476 : , . & , . (. ). 2009. . , , 528 .

5

.... ................................................................ 9 ............ 11 ....................................................................................... 13 1. .................................................................................. 1.1 ...................................................................................... 1.2 .......................................... 1.3 ........................................................... 1.4 ................................................................ 1.5 ................................................................... 1.6 ......................... 1.7 ........................................................ 14 14 16 19 19 19 20 20

2. ................................................................................ 21 2.1 ................................................................. 21 3. ......................... 26 3.1 ............................................................................... 26 3.2 ... 28 4. ...................................................................................... 4.1 ................................................................................ 4.2. ................................................................................... 4.3 ............................................. 4.4 ........................................ 4.5 ............................................ 4.6 .................................................................. 4.7 ..................................... 28 28 29 30 30 31 31 33

.............................................................................................. 37 . ........................................................................... 1. To K ............................................................................ 2. ...... 3. T .................................................. 38 40 42 61

6

. .................................................................. 86 1. ........................................................................................ 86 2. K, ............................ 86 3. ...................................... 88 4. .................................................................................... 89 5. ......................................................................... 90 6. ....................................................................................... 91 7. .................................................................. 92 8. ............................................ 95 9. ................................. 149 ...................................................................................... 161 1. ........................................................................................... 162 2. ......................... 165 3. ..................................................................... 174 ......................................................................................... 179 1. ....................................................................... 1.1 ............................................................................. 1.2 ...................................... 2. .............................................................................. 2.1 ....................................................................................... 2.2 ............................................................... 2.3 - ...................................... 3. .......................... 4. ....................................................................... 180 182 182 183 184 186 187 188 204

......................................................................................... 213 1. .......................................................................................... 2. .................................................. 2.. ...................................................................................... 2.. ................................................................................. 3. .............................................................................. 3.1. ................................................................................... 3.2. ......................................................................................... 3.3. .............................................................................. 3.4. - .............................................................. 3.4.1 ............................................................................ 3.4.2. .................................................... 3.4.3. - ............................ 3.4.4. ........................................................ 4. ................................................................ 5. ........................... 6. ....................................................................... 214 215 215 218 219 219 220 220 222 222 224 235 236 236 238 321

.................................................................................. 355 1. .......................................................................... 356 2. .............................................................................. 356 2.1 ............................................ 356

2.2 .............................................................. 2.3 ....................................................................... 2.4 ...................................................................... 2.5 ....................................................... 3. ...................... 4. ..................................................................

358 359 359 360 363 409

7

................................................................................. 427 ............................................................................................ 428 ............................................................................................ 431 ................................................................................ 433 ...................................................................... 436 ........ 437 ............................................................................................. 455 .............................. 456 ............................................................................ 458 ............. 459 ..................................... 462 ......................................................................................... 464 .......................... 464 .................................................................................... 468 ...................... 468 ......................................................................................... 474 ......................... 474 ...................................................................................... 477 ...................... 477 ....................................................................................... 503 ....................... 503 ....................................................................................... 508 .............................................................. 511 .................................................. 517 .......................................................................................... 521

. . : ' . , . , . , WWF , , , , . - ' . , , . ,

....

2010, , ! , 1992 17 , , . , , .

9

() 1981 (), , . , , , , , , , . 300 , . , . , , . , , , , . , , WWF , , , . , , ( , ). , . , , . , -

ZE

. , , . , , , , .

11

, . , . , . , . . , , . , , .

12

, 14

1. 1.1 , , 2.300 , 600 . , , 17, 18 19 . 1832-1836 (Bory de SaintVincent 1832-1836). '70 , , . '70 (Legakis 1983). 150 . . (Fauna Europaea 2004), 23.130 ( 2004). 3.500 . 30.000 . . , . , 40% , 10%. , , 50.000 . , (92%), . , , , , , . , . , , , , . -. - . . . , , , , 20.000 .

. , . : . , , , , . , , . "" . . . , , , , , . O (92/43/) (79/409/) . 64% 43% 41% . . . Fauna Europaea 3.956 , 17,1%. , , 30% (64% 32% ). . . . , , , (Legakis & Kypriotakis 1994, Sfenthourakis & Legakis 2001). , . . , , , , , . , . 62% (92/43/) ( 2008). 100%

, , , , , , , . , , . , .

15

16

, 70%. , 12% . , , 65%, . 35% .

1.2 insitu ( ) exsitu ( ). insitu , , , . 1938, . . 1650/86, , , , , . : Natura 2000. . : (Sites of Community Importance, SCIs), (92/43/), (Special Protection Areas, SPAs), (79/409/). 239 163 . 31 . 21,1% 5,5% , . , , , , - , , 10 ( ), , Natura 2000,

. . , , . insitu . , , , , . 28 . 17.000 . 27% Natura 2000. , , , , , (), . , . , , , , . . ( 1) , , ( 2003). exsitu . . , , . . .

17

86/1969 (Council of Europe 1979, Convention on the conservation of European wildlife and natural habitats) (Convention of Migratory Species of Wild Animals, 1979) 79/409 : : 414985/29.11.85 ( 757/1985) , 366599/16.12.1996 ( 1188//31-12-96), 294283/23.12.1997 ( 68//4-2-98) 180755/4425 8.9.1979 67/81 ' 92/43/ : 33318/3028/98 ( 1289/1998) : , 1996 (CITES) . 338/1997/, . 1808/2001 . 349/2003, : 2615/54/1985 : . 2055/1992 : . 2637/1998, 331794/12.3.1999 434/1995

54 177 560 25 186

18

187

4 120, 17 , ,

82 139

138 , , 32

97 21

1

43 , , , ,

1.3 ( 2). : . . . , - (, , , , , , , ..) . ( , , ..). . , , (, ..). , , . (, ), . (, ) (, , ). .

19

1.4 , , . 434/1995 43 , (.. ), , .

() () ( ) (, , , , ) () ( ) (, ) 2

1.5

, , . ' , . , , . , . , . Trachemysscripta, . , . , , Ranacatesbeiana, , , (.. ). , , Oncorhynchusmykiss Gambusiaholbrooki, , . , , , Apis melliferaadami, .

20

1.6 , . O- (2000/60/), , . -, .

1.7 , , , ' . , . , , , . , , , , , , . , . , , , , . : (, ), (, ), (, ), (, ), () .. . , . . .

2. , , , . IUCN ( ). , , ( , ) . , . 7 , (, ) , . , . , , , , , , . , . . . , (.. ), (.. ) . , -, , , . (.. ) .

21

2.1 3.1 IUCN (IUCN 2001), / (IUCN 2003). . . , -

, , . , 10 : :

22

- EXTINCT (): ( ). -EXTINCT IN THE WILD (EW): , . - REGIONALLY EXTINCT (RE): . - CRITICALLY ENDANGERED (CR): . - ENDANGERED (): , . - VULNERABLE (VU): . - NEAR THREATENED (NT): , . - LEAST CONCERN (LC): , , . . - DATA DEFICIENT (DD): . . , . - NOT EVALUATED (): . , . , :

() (W) (R) (CR) (EN) (VU) ()

23

(LC) (DD)MH

1 IUCN

, , ( & 1992) : (Extinct, Ex), (Endangered, E), (Vulnerable, V), (Rare, R), (Indeterminate, I), (Out of Danger, O) (Insufficiently Known). , . 5 (CR, EN VU). , . , , (, , ). 5 : A. ( , ). B. , , . C. , , . D. . E. (.. Population Viability Analysis). , ( ) 3. , , , .

24

IUCN (IUCN 2001) . . IUCN , , . . , . ( , , , ) , , . . , , , . IUCN . , IUCN.

A. 1 2, 3, & 4

10 3 ( ) 90%80%

70% 50%

50% 30%

1. , , , . : ) ) ) (), () ) ) , , , , 3 IUCN ( , )

2. , , , , () () 1. 3. 100 . () () 1. 4. , , , 100 , . () () 1.

. 1 ( ) 2 ( )

2. ()