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1 DNA, RNA, Protein Synthesis Name_______________________________ Homework #2: DNA Replication Date ___________________ Fill in the Blanks: __________________________1. The process of forming an exact copy of the DNA molecule. __________________________2. What type of bond holds the nitrogen bases to one another across the middle of the helix? __________________________3. What type of bond connects one nucleotide to the next nucleotide? __________________________4. In what part of the cell does replication occur? __________________________5 During replication, the two nucleotide chains ___5___ and each chain will serve as a ___6___ for the production of a new DNA chain. The sites where new nucleotides are added are called ___7___. __________________________6. __________________________7. __________________________8. When replication occurs, it takes place at multiple sites along the molecule called ___8___. __________________________9. The first step in replication is to break the ___9___ bonds between the ___10___. This is accomplished by the enzyme ___11___. _________________________10. _________________________11. _________________________12. _________________________13. _________________________14. _________________________15. _________________________16. A change in the base sequence of DNA is called a ___16___. _________________________17. _________________________18. _________________________19. The copying of the DNA molecule is a fairly reliable process. As new nucleotides are added, there is an error rate of about 1 in ___12___ base pairs. The enzyme, ___13___ proofreads the new strand and looks for errors. If a mistake is found, this same enzyme removes the erroneous ___14___ and replaces it with another. After the proofreading, there is a final error rate of only 1 in ___15___ base pairs. Several enzymes are involved in repairing damaged DNA. Enzymes called ___17___ cut out damaged sections of DNA. The enzyme ___18___ fills the resulting gaps with new nucleotides. ___19___ then seal the free ends, making the strand complete. Copyright © 2013 Amy Brown (aka Science Stuff)

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Page 1: Replication of DNA Homework

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 DNA,  RNA,  Protein  Synthesis     Name_______________________________  Homework  #2:  DNA  Replication         Date  ___________________  

   Fill  in  the  Blanks:    __________________________1.   The  process  of  forming  an  exact  copy  of  the  DNA  molecule.    __________________________2.   What  type  of  bond  holds  the  nitrogen  bases  to  one  another  across  the  middle  

of  the  helix?  __________________________3.   What  type  of  bond  connects  one  nucleotide  to  the  next  nucleotide?    __________________________4.   In  what  part  of  the  cell  does  replication  occur?    __________________________5   During  replication,  the  two  nucleotide  chains  ___5___  and  each  chain  will  serve  

as  a  ___6___  for  the  production  of  a  new  DNA  chain.    The  sites  where  new  nucleotides  are  added  are  called  ___7___.  

__________________________6.    __________________________7.    __________________________8.   When  replication  occurs,  it  takes  place  at  multiple  sites  along  the  molecule  

called  ___8___.  __________________________9.   The  first  step  in  replication  is  to  break  the  ___9___  bonds  between  the  ___10___.      

This  is  accomplished  by  the  enzyme  ___11___.  _________________________10.    _________________________11.      _________________________12.      _________________________13.    _________________________14.      _________________________15.    _________________________16.      A  change  in  the  base  sequence  of  DNA  is  called  a  ___16___.    _________________________17.      _________________________18.    _________________________19.          

The  copying  of  the  DNA  molecule  is  a  fairly  reliable  process.    As  new  nucleotides  are  added,  there  is  an  error  rate  of  about  1  in    ___12___  base  pairs.    The  enzyme,  ___13___  proofreads  the  new  strand  and  looks  for  errors.    If  a  mistake  is  found,  this  same  enzyme  removes  the  erroneous  ___14___  and  replaces  it  with  another.      After  the  proofreading,  there  is  a  final  error  rate  of  only  1  in  ___15___  base  pairs.    

Several  enzymes  are  involved  in  repairing  damaged  DNA.      Enzymes  called  ___17___  cut  out  damaged  sections  of  DNA.    The  enzyme  ___18___  fills  the  resulting  gaps  with  new  nucleotides.      ___19___  then  seal  the  free  ends,  making  the  strand  complete.    

Copyright © 2013 Amy Brown (aka Science Stuff)  

Page 2: Replication of DNA Homework

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Short  Answer:    1.   What  is  the  primary  function  of  DNA?          2.   Why  is  it  so  important  that  the  DNA  molecule  be  able  to  make  copies  of  itself?          3.   What  are  two  functions  of  DNA  polymerase  during  replication?          4.   When  a  DNA  molecule  is  replicated,  what  is  the  relationship  between  the  original  strand  and  the  

newly  formed  strands  of  DNA?        5.   What  is  meant  by  the  “base-­‐pairing”  rules?          6.   What  is  the  advantage  to  the  multiple  sites  of  replication  along  the  DNA  molecule?              Multiple  Choice:    ________1.   The  main  enzyme  of  replication  whose  function  is  to  link  together  individual  nucleotides  along  

a  template  strand  is  called:      (1)  RNA  polymerase        (2)  ligase      (3)  DNA  polymerase        (4)  nuclease.  

________2.   When  replication  is  complete,  two  _____  copies  of  the  DNA  molecule  have  been  produced  and  the  cell  is  ready  to  begin  _____.  

  (1)  different;    growing          (2)  identical;    growing          (3)  different;      transcription            (4)  identical;      cell  division  

________3.   Each  strand  of  the  DNA  molecule  can  be  used  to  make  another  strand  during  replication.    This  is  because  the  two  sides  are  ______  to  each  other.      (1)  homologous        (2)  complimentary        (3)  identical        (4)  translatable.  

________4.   Which  of  the  following  might  cause  accidental  damage  or  changes  in  existing  DNA?     (1)  exposure  to  chemicals        (2)  radioactivity          (3)  x-­‐rays          (4)  excessive  exposure  to  

ultraviolet  light          (5)  all  of  the  above.      

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True/False?    _____________1.   The  process  of  DNA  replication  produces  an  identical  copy  of  the  original  DNA  strand.    _____________2.   Replication  results  in  two  copies  of  the  DNA  molecule.    _____________3.   The  replication  of  DNA  begins  at  one  end  of  the  molecule  and  proceeds  to  the  other  end.    _____________4.   DNA  replication  occurs  simultaneously  at  many  sites  along  the  molecule,  speeding  up  the  

process  of  replication.  _____________5.   At  the  end  of  replication,  each  DNA  molecule  has  one  original  strand  and  one  new  strand.    _____________6.   The  primary  purpose  of  replication  is  to  produce  new  DNA  strands  that  are  very  different  

from  the  old  strands.  _____________7.   Mutations  always  cause  serious  and  harmful  effects  in  the  organisms  in  which  they  occur.    _____________8.   Mutations  can  sometimes  be  an  advantage  by  making  the  organism  slightly  better  suited  

for  its  environment.  _____________9.   Damage  to  DNA  can  never  be  repaired.          Label  the  parts  of  the  drawing  below.    Include  all  of  these  terms:    nucleotide,  phosphate,  sugar,  nitrogen  base,  hydrogen  bond,  covalent  bond,  purine,  pyrimidine,  adenine,  thymine,  cytosine,  guanine,  DNA  backbone.                                               Copyright © 2013 Amy Brown (aka Science Stuff)

 

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Answers:    Fill  in  the  Blanks:    1.   replication  2.   hydrogen  bonds  3.   covalent  bonds  4.   the  nucleus  5.   separate  6.   template  7.   replication  forks  8.   origins  of  replication  9.   hydrogen    10.   nitrogen  bases  11.   helicase  12.   100,000    13.   DNA  polymerase  14.   nucleotide  15.   10  billion  16.   mutation  17.   nucleases  18.   DNA  polymerase  19.   ligases    Short  Answer:    1.   The  DNA  is  the  storage  area  for  the  protein  building  instructions  of  the  cell.  2.   Whenever  cells  are  preparing  for  mitosis  or  meiosis,  The  DNA  must  be  copied  exactly  so  that  each  

new  cell  will  receive  an  identical  copy  of  the  complete  genome.  3.   DNA  polymerase  is  the  principle  enzyme  involved  in  DNA  replication.    These  enzymes  add  the  new  

nucleotides  to  the  newly  forming  strands  of  DNA.    DNA  polymerases  also  proofread  the  new  strands  as  they  are  being  made  and  will  correct  any  errors  that  are  found.  

4.   The  newly  formed  strands  are  identical  to  the  original,  parental  strands.  5.   Adenine  always  pairs  with  thymine.    Cytosine  always  pairs  with  guanine.    These  are  referred  to  as  

the  base  pairing  rules.  6.   The  replication  of  DNA  begins  at  many  origins  of  replication  along  the  DNA  molecule.    This  speeds  up  

the  process  of  replication.    If  replication  started  at  one  end  and  proceeded  until  it  reached  the  other  end,  the  process  would  be  much  slower.  

 Multiple  Choice:    1.   3  2.   4  3.   2  4.   5          

Copyright © 2013 Amy Brown (aka Science Stuff)

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 True/False:    1.   True  2.   True  3.   False  4.   True  5.   True  6.   False  7.   False  8.   True  9.   False                      

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