Reporter:Chia-Wei Lin (林家瑋 ) Teacher:Wei-Tung Liao Date:2014/06/04

Outline• Introduction• Materials• Experimental• Results and discussion• Conclusions

Outline• Introduction• Materials• Experimental• Results and discussion• Conclusions

Introduction(1)• Polypropylene (PP) is a widely used polyolefin owing

to its low cost , properties such as stiffness, low specific gravity, non-toxicity and resistance to corrosive chemicals

• Although PP functionalisation can be carried out in a number of ways, the melt-state or reactive extrusion technique is preferred because of its low cost, ease of control and potential for high reaction rates

Introduction(2)• Process monitoring can yield a large amount of

information regarding the structure of products, the kinetics of the reaction, the concentration of the monomers or products, the morphology and rheology of the polymer such as viscosity and the molecular weight, the flow properties, concentration of additives and colour of the products

Outline• Introduction• Materials• Experimental• Results and discussion• Conclusions

Materials• PP

• Maleic anhydride (MAH) monomer

• Dicumyl peroxide (DCP)

• Dibutylhydroxyphenylpropionic acid stearyl ester

Outline• Introduction• Materials• Experimental• Results and discussion• Conclusions

Experimental• Thermo Haake Minilab Rheomex CTW5 laboratory scale

extruder connected to a Nicolet Nexus NIR spectrometer

• PP pellets, monomer(s) (3.5~7 wt%), and initiator (0.25~0.5 wt%). and then a total of 4 g of the mixture was introduced to the Minilab extruder

• The temperature of the cylinder was set at 200,210,220 0C

• The screw speed was fixed at 30 rpm.• For 90 min collected NIR spectrum and a viscosity

measurement were every 2 min

Experimental Purification1.In the first method•20–30 mg of the sample was placed in an oven under high vacuum, at 110 C for 24 h

2. In the second method• A small amount of sample was dissolved in xylene at 140 C, refluxed for 4 h and the sample was dried in a vacuum oven at 110 C for 24 h..

Outline• Introduction• Materials• Experimental• Results and discussion• Conclusions

Results and discussion-(C=O)

Results and discussion

Results and discussion

Results and discussion

Results and discussion

Results and discussion

Results and discussion

Results and discussion

Results and discussion

Results and discussion

Conclusions• The similarity between these results demonstrated that

the presence of DCP does not change the mechanism of the reaction.

• no change in viscosity occurred during 15 min graft processing in the absence of DCP or in the presence of low concentrations of DCP (<0.25 wt%), where a further decrease in viscosity occurred after 15 min

• It was found that the presence of the initiator DCP increased the concentration of macro-radicals and led to a large increase in scission reactions resulting in a dramatic reduction in melt viscosity

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