requerimientos alimenticios para vacas multiproposito

7/26/2019 requerimientos alimenticios para vacas multiproposito

1/11

A L I M E N T A C I N D E L A V A C A D E D O B L E P R O P O S I T O

Tabla RI

Requerimientos de las Vacas Lecheras (NRC, 1989)

EM PC Ca P

(Mcal) (g) (g) (g)

Mantenimiento de una vaca adulta*

Peso (kg); 400 12.0 318 16 11

500 14.2 364 20 14

600 16.3 406 24 17

Mantenimiento ms dos ltimos meses

de gestacin

Peso: 400 15.3 890 26 16

500 18.0 1053 33 20

600 20.7 1207 39 24

Produccin de leche (por kg)

Gras a (%): 3.0 1.07 78 2.73 1.68

4.0 1.24 90 3.21 1.98

5.0 1.40 101 3.69 2.28

Cambio de peso en la lactancia

Prdida de 0.5 kg/da -8.25 -320- -

Ganancia de 0.5 kg/da 8.55 320- -

* Incrementar los requerimientos de mantenimiento de todos"los nutrientes en 20% para

vacas de primerparto y en 10% para vacas de segundo parto. Incrementar los requerimientos

energticos de mantenimiento en 20 % en animales en pastoreo.

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T A B L A S

Tabla R2

Requerimientos de Vacas Lecheras

(Calculados de la Tabla Rl)

a. Vacas adultas en pastoreo y sin variar de peso

Peso 400 kg Peso 500 kg

Prod. Grasa

leche leche Consu mo EM PC Ca P Consu mo EM PC Ca P

(kg/dia) (%) kg MS Meal g g g kg MS Me al g g g

Seca, finalde gestacin 7.2 17.7 890 26 16 8.0 20.8 1053 33 20

4 3 8.6 18.7 630 27 18 9.6 21.3 676 31 21

4 19.4 678 29 19 22.0 724 33 22

5 20.0 722 31 20 22.6 768 35 23

6 3 9.4 20.8 786 32 21 10.4 23.4 832 36 24

4 21.8 858 35 23 24.4 904 39 26

5 22.8 924 38 24 25.4 970 42 28

8 3 10.1 23.0 942 38 24 11.2 25.6 988 42 27

4 24.3 1038 42 27 26.9 1084 46 30

5 25.6 1126 46 29 28.2 1172 50 32

10 3 10.8 25.1 1098 43 28 12.0 27.7 1144 47 31

4 26.8 1218 48 31 29.4 1264 52 34

5 28.4 1328 53 34 31.0 1374 57 37

12 3 11.5 27.2 1254 49 31 12.8 29.8 1300 53 34

4 29.3 1398 55 35 31.9 1444 59 38

5 31.2 1530 60 38 33.8 1576 64 41

14 3 12.2 29.4 1410 54 35 13.6 32.0 1456 58 38

4 31.8 1578 61 39 34.4 1624 65 42

5 34.0 1732 68 43 36.6 1778 72 46

16 3 13.0 31.5 1566 60 38 14.4 34.1 1612 64 41

4 34.2 1758 67 43 36.4 1804 71 46

5 36.8 1934 75 47 39.4 1980 79 50

18 3 13.7 33.7 1722 65 41 15.2 36.3 1768 69 45

4 36.6 1938 74 47 39.3 1984 78 50

5 39.2 2136 82 52 42.2 2182 86 55

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b. Vacas de segundo parto en pastoreo y ganando 0.5 kg/da

Peso 400 kg Peso 500 kg

Prod. Grasa

leche leche Consumo EM PC Ca P Consumo EM PC Ca P

(kg/da ) (%) kg MS Mea l g g g kg MS Me al g g g

Seca, final

de j'estaci n 7.2 17.7 890 26 16 8.0 20.8 1053 33 20

4 3 8.6 28.5 982 29 19 9.6 31.3 1032 33 22

4 29.2 1030 30 20 32.0 1080 35 23

5 29.8 1074 33 21 32.6 1124 37 24

6 3 9.4 30.6 1138 34 22 10.4 33.4 1188 38 25

4 31.6 1210 37 24 34.4 1260 41 27

5 32.6 1276 40 25 35.4 1326 44 29

8 3 10.1 32.8 1294 40 25 11.2 35.6 1344 44 28

4 34.1 1390 44 28 36.9 1440 48 31

5 35.4 1478 48 30 38.2 1528 52 33

10 3 10.8 34.9 1450 45 29 12.0 37.7 1500 49 32

4 36.6 1570 50 32 39.4 1620 54 35

5 38.2 1680 55 35 41.0 1730 59 38

12 3 11.5 37.0 1606 51 32 12.8 39.8 1656 55 35

4 39.1 1750 57 36 41.9 1800 61 39

5 41.0 1882 62 39 43.8 1932 66 42

14 3 12.2 39.2 1762 56 36 13.6 42.0 1812 60 39

4 41.6 1930 63 40 44.4 1980 67 43

5 43.8 2084 70 44 46.6 2134 74 47

16 3 13.0 41.3 1918 62 39 14.4 44.1 1968 66 42

4 44.0 2110 69 44 46.4 2160 73 47

5 46.6 2286 77 48 49.4 2336 81 51

18 3 13.7 43.5 2074 67 42 15.2 46 .3 2124 71 46

4 46.4 2290 76 48 49.3 2340 80 51

5 49.0 2488 84 53 52.2 2538 88 56

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T A B L A S

Tabla R3

Requerimientos de hembras y machos en crecimiento

(NRC,1989)

Peso Gananci a Consu mo MS EM PC Ca P

(kg) (g/da) #) (Mcal) (g) (g) (g)

Becerros 45 300 0.54 2.86 120 8 5

Hembras

100 400 2.24 6.00 359 16 8

600 2.63 7.03 42 1 17 9

150 400 3.03 7.89 48 5 18 10

600 3.51 9.14 562 19 11

200 400 3.81 9.66 521 18 13

600 4.39 11.14 631 20 14

250 400 4.63 11.41 548 19 15

600 5.31 13.10 637 22 16

300 400 5.46 13.13 656 21 15

600 6.26 15.05 752 23 17

350 400 6.37 14.84 763 22 16

600 7.29 17.01 874 24 18

400 300 7.32 16.62 879 24 17

600 8.39 19.03 1007 25 19

450 300 8.36 18.43 1004 27 17

600 9.59 21. 12 1151 28 19

500 300 9.53 20.32 1142 27 19

600 10.93 23.32 1311 28 20 '

Machos

100 400 2.47 6.60 395 16 9

800 2.80 7.48 448 18 10

150 40 0 3.21 8.49 513 18 11

800 3.60 9.52 57 6 20 12

200 400 3.97 10.30 636 20 14

800 4.43 11.48 709 22 15

250 400 4.74 12.04 659 22 16

800 5.27 13.37 778 24 17

300 400 5.53 13.74 658 24 18

800 6.13 15.22 771 25 19

350 400 6.34 15.42 762 25 19

800 7.02 17.06 843 26 20

400 40 0 7.20 17.11 864 25 20

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(Continuacin. . . )

Peso Gananci a Cons umo MS EM PC Ca P

(kg) (g/da) (g) (Mcal) (g) (g) (g)

800 7.96 18.91 955 26 21

450 400 8.10 18.81 972 28 20

800 8.95 20.78 1074 29 21

500 400 9.05 20.54 1088 28 20

800 10.00 22.69 1201 29 21

550 400 10.09 22.32 1209 28 20

800 11.14 24.66 1336 29 21600 400 11.18 24. 17 1342 28 20

800 12.36 26.71 1483 29 21

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T A B L A S

Tabla R4

Contenido aproximado de nutrientes en la MS de las dietas

Vacas* Vacas Bece rrosL evan te (hembra s y machos )

Produccin de leche (kg/da) Se ca s, Pes os (k g) **

7 14 pr e ad as 150 250 400

EM (Mcal/kg) 2.35 2.53 2.04 3.78 2.60 2.47 2.27

PC (%) 12 15 12 22 17 12 12

Ca (%) 0.43 0.51 0.3 9 0.70 0.52 0.41 0.29P (%) 0.28 0.33 0.24 0.6 0 0.31 0.30 0.23

Mg (%) 0.20 0.20 0.16 0.07 0.16 0.16 0.16

Na (%) 0.18 0.18 0.10 0.10 0.1 0 .10 0.10

Na Cl (Sal, %) 0.4 6 0.4 6 0.25 0.25 0.25 .25 0.25

S (%) 0.20 0.2 0 0.16 0.29 0.16 .16 0.16

Fe (mg/kg ) 50 50 50 100 50 0 50

Co (mg/kg) 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10

Cu (mg/ kg) 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

Mn (mg/kg) 40 40 40 40 40 40 40

Zn (mg/kg ) 40 40 40 40 40 40 40

I (mg/kg ) 0.60 0.60 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25

Se (mg/kg) 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30. 0.30 0.30 0.30

* Vacas en produccin de 400 kg de peso, 5 % de grasa en la leche y ganando 0.22 kg/da,

** Levante: animales en crecimiento ganando 700 g/da.

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Tabla Al

COMPOSICIN DE LOS ALIMENTOS

En base seca

Materia prima MS EM PC Ca P

(%) (Mcal/kg) (%) (%) (%)

Ajonjol, harina 92 3.18 46.8 3.18 1.05

Ale mn , 32 d 17 2.10 11.4 0.68 0.52

41 d 18 2.03 10.3 0.6 8 0.44

48 d 19 2.0 0 9.1 0.6 8 0.36

55 d 20 1.94 8.9 0.68 0.28

Algodn, harina92 2.56 41.4 0.19 1.23

h + casc arilla 93 2.39 34.0 0.20 1.09

cascarilla 91 1.09 4.8

0.150.12

semilla 93 3.68 28.3 0.15 0.73

Anglet on, 32 d 23 2.17 9.7 0.63 0.17

45 d 25 2.0 3 7.1 0.4 0 0.1 5

56 d 26 1.79 5.5 0.40 0.12

Arachis pintoi (hojas) 24 2.20 15.5 1.77 0.18

Arroz, pulidur a 89 3.27 14.3 0.18 1.19

paja 89 1.29 3.5 0.29 0.36

gran o 90 3.13 9.8 0.23 0.34

cascarilla 91 0.72 4.2 0.13 0.09

Aves, cama de pollos 81 1.89 22 .6 2.43 1.75

estircol ponedoras 40 1.72 28.7 7.08 2.03

h plumas hidrolizada 92 3.78 84.0 0.22 0.22

Ber mud a, 22 d 26 2.22 13.1 0.43 0.25

30 d 27 2.10 12.4 0.43 0.24

39 d 27 2.03 11.7 0.43 0.23

46 d 28 1.84 11.5 0.43 0.23

53 d 29 1.84 11.3 0.43 0.20

60 d 30 1.77 10.6 0.43 0.19

Brach. ruziziensis, joven 23 2.17 10.9 0.63 0.32

madura 25 1.96 5.6 0.63 0.17

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T A B L A S

(Continuacin. . . )

En base seca


(%) (Mcal/kg) (%) (%) (%)

Brach. Brizantha , joven 22 2.13 11.4

madura 30 1.84 4.0

Buri el, 25 d 16 2.25 17.3 0.37 0.48

32 d 18 2.08 13.7 0.37 0.44

39 d 20 2.0 6 11.4 0.37 0.3846 d 22 1.98 9.0 0.37 0.31

53 d 25 1.89 8.0 0.37 0.28

Cacao, cascara 92 1.43 7.0 0.42 0.20

Caf, pulpa 37 1.56 10.8 1.14 0.24

Caa, bagacillo 68 0.96 1.5 0.15 0.12

bagazo 94 0.79 1.5 0.04 0.02

cogollo 34 1.82 5.3 0.76 0.21

melaza 73 2.70 3.1 0.88 0.12

planta entera 23 2.22 3.0 0.35 0.30

Canavalia, grano 92 3.20 31.0 0.16 0.46

Capin melao , 21 d 25 2.17 8.5 0.41 0.30

28 d 26 2.13 7.70.41 0.21

50 d 27 1.91 7.0 0.41 0.12>

Carne, harina 93 2.94 57.1 8.49 4.31

Carne-hueso, harina 93 3.08 54.4 14.18 6.55

Centrosema pubescens 20 1.90 23.6 1.03 0.41

Cervecera, nepe 21 1.94 27.9 0.33 0.38

levadura 93 2.89 48.3 0.14 1.54

Ctricas, pulpa 89 2.96 8.3 1.87 0.02

Coco, torta 94 2.75 23.2 0.23 0.66

Elefante , 56 d 19 2.13 8.7 0.36 0.22

63 d 20 2.01 8.3 0.36 0.20

Estre lla, 31 d 26 1.98 11.4 0.64 0.27

184


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(Continuacin. . . )

En base seca


(%) (Mcal/kg) (%) (%) (%)

45 d 28 1.89 7.5 0.64 0.16

Gliric idia sepi um 25 2.17 23.8 1.96 0.29

Gui nea , 21 d 18 2.27 17.1 0.5 4 0.41

28 d 19 2.22 15.5 0.54 0.40

35 d 19 2.06 12.4 0.54 0.39

42 d 22 1.98 10.9 0.54 0.37

49 d 25 1.96 9.8 0.54 0.35

56 d 27 1.91 8.8 0.54 0.34

Hueso, harina 95 0.26 22.8 27.2 0 12.40

Kiku yo, 22 d 17 2.32 17.0 0.65 0.40

42 d 19 2.13 15.0 0.5 9 0.32

64 d 22 1.67 10.2 0.53 0.25

Leucaena leucocephala 26 2.13 24.2 1.04 0.29

Leche, suero 92 3.01 13.6 0.63 0.62

descremada 94 2.55 34.4 1.26 0.98

deshidratada 93 3.97 29. 7 2.78 0.27

Maz, ensilaje 27 2.20 8.5 0.1 9 0.22

grano 89 3.51 8.8 0.07 0.37

h. de resid uos 90 3.44 11.6 0.05 0.30

paja 75 1.36 6.0 0.39 0.04

tusa 80 1.51 3.0 0.02 0.02

Man, cascara 90 0.60 9.4 0.34 0.06

harina 94 2.82 56.7 0.26 0.64

heno 91 2.13 9.7 1.23 0.17

Morera, hojas 34 2.40 14.2 3.08 0.38

Palma africana, palmiste 92 2.92 15.7 0.31 0.58

Pang la, 22 d 20 2.27 11.4 0.61 0.40

31 d 23 2.10 10.2 0.61 0.26

45 d 26 2.08 10.0 0.61 0.22

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T A B L A S

(Continuacin. . . )

En base seca

Mate ria pri ma MS EM PC Ca P

(%) (Mca l/k g) (%) (%) (%)

Para, 31 d 19 2.01 15.0 0.48 0.44

38 d 19 1.96 13.2 0.4 8 0.44

45 d 21 1.96 10.6 0.48 0.40

52 d 23 1.94 9.7 0.4 8 0.39

59 d 24 1.86 8.5 0.48 0.37

Pescado, harina 92 3.47 60.1 6.21 3.93

visceras 91 3.32 60.1 8.68 3.69

Pltano, hoja 75 2.13 12.5 0.51 0.19

Quinchoncho, follaje 24 2.08 23.6 0.89 0.24

Rhod es, 22 d 22 2.37 14.7 0.47 0.31

35 d 24 2.13 11.5 0.47 0.30

45 d 27 1.96 9.8 0. 47 0.28

50 d 28 1.86 7.5 0.47 0.24

Sam n, fruto 83 2.90 16.0 0.32 0.16

Semilla 87-

28.5 0.31 0.27

Setari a, 22 d 15 2.10 12.0 0.35 0.3 2

32 d 16 2.0 6 11.0 0.35 0.28

42 d 17 2.01 10.5 0.35 0.23

50 d 18 1.96 7.8 0.35 0.20

Sorgo, grano 89 3.35 10.9 0.03 0.28

ensilaje 27 2.03 6.7 0.36 0.18

paja 70 2.22 5.5 0.86 0.17

Soya, hari na 89 3.39 44.0 0.29 0.65

Cascarilla 90 2.98 12.1 0.4 9

0.21

Stylosanthes guianensis 24 2.28 16.7 1.55 0.56

Swazi , 28 d 18 2.27 12.3 0.35 0.20

42 d 21 2.15 9.3 0.35 0.17

56 d 21 1.89 7.0 0.35 0.15

186


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(Continuacin. . . )

En base seca

Mate ria pri ma MS EM PC Ca P

(%) (Mc al/ kg) (%) (%) (%)

Tomate, residuo proces. 23 2.06 19.2 0.50 0.47

Trigo, afrechillo89 2.75 19.1 0.62 1.17

Urea 100 0 28 7 0 0

Yarag u, 21 d 21 2.13 10.3 0.39 0.20

28 d 23 2.01 8.9 0.39 0.18

42 d 24 1.91 8.0 0.3 9 0.16

50 d 27 1.84 7.5 0.39 0.14

Yuca, harina 87 3.06 2.8 0.27 0.16

d: das

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requerimientos alimenticios para vacas multiproposito