Rev Pharmacog Olemiss Padma Venkat

8/6/2019 Rev Pharmacog Olemiss Padma Venkat

1/45

ReversePharmacognosy: A Novel Strategy toStandardise ISM Drugs

Dr.Dr. PadmaPadma VenkatVenkat

Joint Director & Head

Centre for Pharmacognosy & PharmaceuticsFoundation for Revitalisation of Local Health

Traditions (FRLHT) , [email protected]

8th Annual Oxford-International Conference on the Science of Botanicals, Apr 6-9, 2009


2/45

Why-Novel Strategy? What is Reverse Pharmacognosy?

How do it?

FRLHTs Approach

Presentation


3/45

Why A New Strategy?


4/45

ISM & Western Biomedicine are

TWO DIFFERENT KNOWLEDGE-SYSTEMS

THAT HAVE EVOLVEDINDEPENDENTLY

.TWO DIFFERENT WAYS OFKNOWING


5/45


6/45

Current QS of ISM Drugs

Parameters & Standards are

Non-contextual to the culturefrom which it evolved

Do not reflect safety &efficacy; but at best identity,

purity

While Traditionally identity,safety and efficacy were anintegral part of Drug Property( Dravya guna )


7/45

Bacoside A (2.5 - 3 % ), Bacoside B andother bacosides, Hersaponin, Betulicacid, Monnierin, Alkaloids - Brahmine(0.01-0.02 %) and Herpestine;Flavonoids; Saponin, D-mannitol,Nicotine, Saponins-Monierin .Sapogenins-Bacogenin A1-A4 . Bacosine

Parallel Systems of Knowledge with no dialogue

Rasa : Tikta Kasaya

Guna : Laghu, Sara

Virya: Sita

Vipaka: MadhuraKarma: V Kara,

rasayana, medhya..

Varied Uses

Fever, Anaemia,

Inflammation, Diabetes,Psychiatric disorders

Modern Ayurvedic

? ?

Bacopa monnieri (Brahmi)


8/45

Our approach inStandardisation today


9/45

Some Phytomedicines

that have failed

in modern times


10/45

Non-Contextual Usage

Acetone/Methanol extract

Isolatedcompounds,

Syntheticcompound,Large dose

Practice

Anxiolyticeffect

Aqueouspreparation

CalmingPiper methysticum

Stroke,heartattack

Weight loss,Energiser

Dietarysupplement

Under supervision,as a whole herb Asthma, Asthma,

coldcold

Ephedrasinica

AdverseEffects

Modern useRecommendationTraditionalUsePlant

Hepato-toxicity


11/45

What is Reverse Pharmacognosy?

Pharmacognosy guided byTraditional Knowledge

Developing Contemporary Standardsbased on Traditional Advice,Parameters and tools


12/45

Factors Acknowledged by ISM

Processing & Storage

Collection

Identity of Ingredients

QualityStandards

Diagnosis of theailment

Administration of the Drug

Constitution of Patient

(What?)

(When? Where from)

(How? How long?)

EfficacyWho to? How? How much? How long?

(For What?....

The Purpose)


13/45

Plant parts Season of collection

Branches andleaves

Rainy ( Varsha ) and Spring(Vasantha )

Roots Summer ( Greeshma ) or

Late winter ( Shishira )Bark, Rhizome,Sap

Autumn ( Sharad )

Heart wood Early winter ( Hemantha )

Flowers and

fruits

As per Season

Traditional Recommendations-General


14/45

Traditional Recommendations- Specific

Should be used after

storing for 1 year

Vidanga

(Embelia ribes)

Storage

Should be boiled in milk(Kshirapaka)

Pippali (Piper longum)

Processing

Collection at nightHaridra(Curcuma longa)

Collection

Chitra tandula, KapaaliVidanga (Embelia ribes)IdentityRecommendationPlantFactor

Abhava

Pratinidhi DravyaConcept of

Legitimate DrugSubstitution


15/45

Importance of Processing

Poison Proper Processing Drug

Drug Improper Processing Poison

Yogadapi visham teekshnam uttamam bheshajam bhavet, bheshajam chapi duryuktam teekshnam sampadyate visham

(Cha. Su. 1.26)


16/45

Effect of Processing Rice- Uncooked- Very Heavy

Cooked rice- Cooked with water-Comparatively light

Kanji- Cooked with abundant water- light Puffed paddy-V.light

The changes in property of rice with cooking (Cha. Su.28. 271)


17/45

Tea Picking Picking early Spring &

summer

Hand pick only the topthree leaves

Put no pressure on theleaves in the basket

Start processingpromptly

Quality varies if long leaves arepicked as opposed

to young leaf buds


18/45

We should be investing similarlyinto each of the TM plants to

study their variations, potenciesand to state their USPs


19/45

We need RELEVANTParameters, Protocols &

Standards that not only reflectQuality but also Safety &

Efficacy


20/45

Inter-cultural approach1. Traditional recommendations?2. Logic behind the recommendations?

3. Traditional quality parameters? How are theymeasured?

4. How do we make them contemporary andapplicable to industry?


21/45

FRLHT, 74/2, Jarakhabande Kaval, Attur Post, via Yelahanka, Bangalore 560 064Tel: 080 28568017; www.frlht.org

FRLHT

Campus

How do it?


22/45

TradeInformationHerbarium & RawDrug Collection

Field Botanists Informatics

Characterisation Pharmacology

Pharmacognosy&

Pharmaceutics

TSM Experts

Clinic

ISM R&D

Garden


23/45

Document Traditional Knowledge on Drugs

(simple non-Instrumental measurements)

Traditional&

Modern Stdisn. Methods

Physical, Chemical

&

Biological Markers

Standard Drug


24/45

DocumentationFrom

Texts

&

Traditions


25/45

TQS Informatics

Softwareto store,retrieve

andanalyse

data


26/45

Develop Relevant Parameters,

Methods and Standards Sensory Evaluation

Morphology

Microscopy Chemistry

Molecular Markers

Bioactivity

Bio-chemical Standards


27/45


28/45

Uniqueness about HumanUniqueness about Humanperceptionperception

All five sensesAll five senses --perceived &perceived & analysedanalysed by ONEby ONE

instrumentinstrument --the Human Bodythe Human Body Cognition adds valueCognition adds value mental processor mental processor SensitivitySensitivity -- more sensitivemore sensitive

Nose: 0.00025ppm; x1000 times better Nose: 0.00025ppm; x1000 times better Correlation specific to requirementCorrelation specific to requirement

E.g., unripe & ripe mangoE.g., unripe & ripe mango --purposepurpose Measures characteristic differencesMeasures characteristic differences

Subjectivity..reducedSubjectivity..reduced by training panelby training panel


29/45

Sensory Analysis

An Important QC tool for ISM Drugs

PROFILING BYTRAINED PANEL

MODERNATTRIBUTES

TRADITIONALATTRIBUTES

TESTING AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

SENSORY STANDARDSSENSORY STANDARDS


30/45

Bio-Chemical MarkersTrade, Distribution information

Traditional Information & Botanical Authentication

Bioassay/ Phytochemical/ Microscopy/ Mol Bio studies

Identify unique profiles/chemical markers

Relevant Quality Parameters/Tests/Markers

Isolation/ Characterisation , Biological activity


31/45

Identity.?Correct Botanical Correlation

Substitutes Adulterants


32/45


33/45

Etymological Analysis of AyurvedicSynonyms

A. Pueraria tuberosaB. Palasha (Butea monosperma)

Triparni : Three-leavedPalashparni : Leaves similar toPalasha

White tubers of Pueraria tuberosa

(Shuklakanda, Sitha )


34/45


35/45


36/45

Minutes

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

V o l t s

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

V o l t s

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

Detector A (254nm)maturewholewholemature001

Detector A(254nm)immaturewholewholeimmature

0

20

40

60

80

2 . 7

5 8

. 8

1 2

. 4 1 4

1 4

. 7

1 9

. 1

2 3

. 1 7 1

Average girth of tubers (in cm)

R a

t i o

A / B

Mature & Immature Tubers

Ipomea mauritiana Jacq.

HPLC

Ratio of peaks Vs girth

A

B


37/45

Compounds of interest

At least 3 compounds-identified that appear to berelated to maturity

Isolation has been completed

Characterisation is ongoingin collaboration with IISC

Scopoletin and B-sitosterol

seem to be present in bothmature & immature

One compound, may be aplant sterol, significantly

higher in mature


38/45

Mice model using colloidal Carbon

ANIMAL STUDIES

com paris ion of phagocytic activity of mature &imm ature tube rs of Ipom oea m auritiana

00.020.040.060.08

0.10.12

C o n t r

o l

M a t u r

e - 2 5 0 m

g / k g

M a t u r

e - 5 0 0 m

g / k g

I m m a t u

r e - 2 5 0 m

g / k g

I m m a t u

r e - 5 0 0 m

g / k g

Group

p h a g o c y t i c

i n d e x

Series1

IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITY OF VIDARI ISMORE THAN THAT IN CONTROL

BIOACTIVITY OF MATURE IS MORE THAN THAT OFIMMATURE TUBERS


39/45

Day & Night collection of Curcuma longaL.

Densitometric scans @ 254nm of C. longa

Bioactivity of C. longa

Effect of collection time on bioactivity of Curcuma longa (roots)

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

4:00 17:00 21:00

Time of collec t ion (hrs)

L D 5 0 v a l u e

( m g / m

l )


40/45

Milk Decoction

Samples : water decoction, milk decoction& standard Piperine(0.5g)

Bioactivity of water decoction &milk decoction

Bioactivity of Piper longum preparations

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Milk Decoction Water decoction

Preparations

E D

5 0

( m g

/ m l )

Bioactivity of Piper longum preparations

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Milk Decoction Water decoction

Preparations

E D

5 0

( m g

/ m l )

Piperine Extracted

Milk Decoction: 0.17%Water Decoction: 0.12%

Piper longumL. (fruits)


41/45

In conclusion


42/45

Conclusion Reverse Pharmacognosy is a contextual

strategy to develop relevant standards Trans-disciplinary and inter-cultural

objective parameters, protocols andstandards need to be developed

Research into TM principles, science andpractice in order to understand therecommendations


43/45

ConclusionWay forward

Document TQS

Select Top 100 traded drugs & their TQS

R&D at 10 Research Partners

Develop TK based objective methods & standardsthat not only reflect identity but activity as well,through modern tools

Convert them to simple parameters & standardspossibly non-instrumental


44/45

Inter-cultural, Inter-disciplinary

understanding Cost-effective QC Diagnostics for the

industry Cost-effective Drugs for Consumers

Challenges


45/45

Funds : MoEF, GoI, National Geographic Society, TATA Trusts

Darshan Shankar

Vd. GG Gangadharan

Subrahmanya

Shanthi

Devaiah

Chandrakala

Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore

Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore

Acknowledgements

Thank You!

Documents

Rev Pharmacog Olemiss Padma Venkat