Topics

• Review Porfiriato 1876-1910

• Mexican Revolution

– Identify the major revolutionary leaders and their goals.

• How does the Mexican Muralist Movement express the new Mexican nationalism?

• Explain the Rise of the PRI.

– Writing Assignment 1 Today

– Paper Dec.2

1

Writing Assignment #1

21st century historians are reinterpreting the Porfiriato’s place in Mexican history. This year in the state of Veracruz a statue of Porifiro Diaz was unveiled to the public. In your opinion does Porfirio Diaz merit a public statue. Evaluate the policies of the Porfiriato 1876-1910 and their affects on the country.

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Mexican Revolution 1910

• Mexican Revolution

– The Overthrow of the Porfiriato

– Revolution to Civil War

– Constructive Phase

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Ricardo Flores Magón

Enrique Flores Magón

PLM 1906 Liberal Plan:

8 hour work day & 6 day work week

Abolition of the tienda de raya

Payment of workers in legal tender

Restoration of ejido lands

Land & Liberty

Tierra y Libertad

4

Francisco Madero 1873-1913

Apostle of Democracy

• 1910 Presidential Succesion book

• 1910 the Anti-Re-electionist Party

• 1910 Oct. 5 Plan San Luis Potosi

5

The Revolt at Ciudad Juarez, 1910

• 1911 Ciudad Juarez is taken by Pascual Orozco/Villa forces

• Treaty of Ciudad Juarez- Diaz resigns

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7

“Madero has unleashed a tiger, now let us see if he can control it.”

Porfirio Diaz

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Zapata 1879-1919

• 1911 Plan de Ayala

– Denounced Madero’s presidency

– Restoration of ejidos (communal lands)

• Tierra y Libertad

Land & Liberty

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• 1911-1913 President

• Tragica (10 days)

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wvrmKR-BV0I&feature=relmfu

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Victoriano Huerta 1850-1915

• 1913 Overthrows Madero

• 1913-1914 Dictatorship

• 1914 U.S. Occupation of Veracruz

• 1914 Huerta resigns

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Revolution Military Phase 1911-1920

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Aguascalientes Convention 1914

• Discuss Mexico’s future

• Convention schism – Carranza & Obregon

– Villa & Zapata – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IQqLeNJ07c0&feature=relmfu

– 445min

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Zapata

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Pancho Villa

Meeting between Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata

Presidential Palace, Mexico City 1914

15

Mexico Revolution video clip

• The Storm That Swept Mexico

• Part 1 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N7tv6HjvUv4

• Villa & Zapata 10 mins • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IQqLeNJ07c0&feature=relmfu

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Pancho Villa 1878-1923

Jose Doroteo Arango

• Quote: “La incultura es una de las degracias de mi país. Yo pago primero a un maestro y después a un general.”

• 1914 Meets Zapata in Mexico City

• 1915 Battle of Celaya (lost)

• 1916 Raids Columbus,NM

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Venustiano Carranza

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• Alvaro Obregon

Venustiano Carranza 1859-1920 • 1915-1920 President

• 1917 Constitution

1917 Zimmermann Telegram – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eMSZWsS3roY

1919 Zapata murdered

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1917 Constitution

• 1917 Constitution

– Article 3 education

– Article 27 land restoration

– Article 123 workers rights

– No vice president

– President no re-election

– No official religion

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Aftermath of the Mexican Revolution • About 2 million deaths

• 1917 Constitution

– Increase in nationalism

• Increase of public schools for rural areas

• Northerners dominate national government

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Plan de Agua Prieta

• A group of Sonorans plan to overthrow Caranaza’s govt.

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• En Mexico, si Cain no mata a Abel, Abel mata a Cain

• Education

• Relations with the U.S.

• Villa Assassination 1923

Alvaro Obregon 1920-1924

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Villa’s Assassination

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o1bOJu6V728&feature=relmfu

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Porfirato 1876-1910

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Mexican Muralist Movements

• Jose Vasconcelos

– Artist served the Revolution

• Diego Rivera

• Jose Clemente Orozco

• David Alfaro Siqueiros

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Mexican Muralists

• Diego Rivera

– Indian motifs

– Europeans vilified

• Frida Kahlo

– human suffering

2010

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1935

History of

Mexico

National

Palace

Agrarian Leader

Zapata , 1931

La Civilizacion

Tarasca, 1950

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1930s Man at the Crossroads

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Self-portrait on the Borderline Between Mexico and the United States, 1932 The Two Fridas, 1939

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Cortes and Malinche 1926 Jose Clemente Orozco

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Hospicio Cabañas Guadalajara, Mexico

Orozco’s Prometheus 1930 Pomona College

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1933 Orozco Mural at Dartmouth College

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David A. Siqueiros

• From the Dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz to the Revolution—

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Tropical America 1932 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4m8lhg6OBQg

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Asu no Shinwa (Myth of Tomorrow)

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Mexican Muralists

• LA TORMENTA QUE AZOTO MEXICO pt7/8

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9GvZxHG6Y6Q&feature=relmfu

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Plutarco Elias Calles

President 1924-1928

• Sonora

• Problems with the U.S.

• 1926 “Ley Calles” – Anti-clerical

– Church schools closed down

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Cristeros Rebellion 1926-1929 • 3 year Church Strike

• Attack on rural schools

• U.S. Ambassdor mediator

• 1928 Obregon assassination • http://www.executedtoday.com/2009/02/09/1929-jose-de-leon-toral-assassin-of-

alvaro-obregon/

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKeOHZ9NWao

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“Perfect Dictatorship”

1929-2000, 2012

• Founded 1929 PNR – Plutarco Calles

– Inclusive: leftist to capitalists

• Dedazo – (candidates hand-picked)

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PAN Founded 1939 Manuel Gomez Morin

Founded 1989

Cuauhtémoc Cardenas