Revitalization of former marine headquarter

Title Revitalization of former Marine Police Headquarters

Author(s) Wan, Ngar-yee, Queenie.;

Citation

Issue Date 2002

URL http://hdl.handle.net/10722/29637

Rights The author retains all proprietary rights, (such as patentrights) and the right to use in future works.

Department ofRevitalization ofFormer MarinePo1iceHeadquarter

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WAN Ngar Yee, Queenie

Thesis Report2001/2002 L:

Bachelor of ArLs in Architectural StudiesMaster o Architecture

Master of Landscape ArchitectureMaster of Urban Design

Department of Architecture . The University of Hong KongPokfulam Road, Hong Kong . Tel (8521 28592133 Fax 852l 25596484

Thesis Report Revitalization of former MarThe Police Headquarters

Acknowledgement

I would like to express my deepest gratitude to the following people for their kindassistance and invaluable help in supporting the preparation of this report.

Ms. Lynne D DiStefano Research Assistant Professor, HKU

Mr. Bill Graves Building Surveyor, Historical Building Consultant

Miss Richie Heng Officer, Hong Kong Tourism Board

Dr. Trevor J. Holmes Historical Building Consultant

Mr. Lam Sai Ling Special Project & Advisory, ASD

Miss Prudence Ma Administrator, Flagstaff Tea House

Miss Victoria Mao Government Property Administrator

Miss Vickie Tsang Officer, Antiquities Monument Office

Miss Tsang Drawing Record Unit, Architectural Service Department

Mr. Ambos Tang Architect, Rocco Design Limited

Ms Catherine Tsang Administrator, Fringe Club

Mr. Matthew Well Structural Engineer

Special Thanks to my supervisors Professor Patrick SS Lau and Mr. Peter C. Smith,my panel thesis panels members, Mr. Peter T.T. Kou, Mr. John W. Bradford and Mr.Alex Amato, for their guidance, patient, precious advise and criticisms throughout thethesis project. Professor Richard Frewer, Mr. N. Matsuda and Mr. Kenneth Wong fortheir invaluable advice and suggestion in the last jury.

..

Revitalization of former Marine Police Headquarters

he sis

IXjt.Report

Supervisor: Prof. Patrick S.S. Lauby Wan Ngar Yee Queenie (MArch II)

2001- 2002

Thesis Report Revitalization of former Marine Police Headquarters

C O N T E N T S

Acknowledgement i

1.0 Design Thesis Identification 2

1.1 Synopsis 21.2 Deficiencies in Hong Kong 31.21 Usage1.22 ArchitecturaI Expression1.23 Urban Linkage1.3 Statements of Objectives 41.4 Scope of Work 4

2.0 Site Validation 5

2.1 Site Investigations 52.11 Site Location2.12 Site Information2.2 Site Analysis 72.21 Geo-technical information2.22 Class of Site! Zoning2.23 Constraints2.24 Potential2.3 Context Analysis 82.31 Land Use2.32 Circulation Movement2.34 Massing2.35 Urban Void2.36 Grid Pattern2.37 History of the site2.4 Justification of Site 12

3.0 Design Programme 12

3.1 Programme Description 123.2 Justification of Programme 123.21 Restaurantl Caf! Food Plaza3.22 Retail3.23 Cultural Provisions3.34 Symbiosis of Composite use3.3 Schedule of accommodation 143.34 Structure of inter-relationship 15

Thesis Reort Revitafizetion of former Marine Pofice Headguactrs

4.0 Research! Field works

4.1 Materials & Condition of the Marine Police Headquarters 164.2 Identification & Causes of Probiem IT4.3 Conservation Recommendations 194.4 Comparison between Conservation Methods 224.5 Government Plan of Marine Police Headquarters

& Departments involved

5. 0 Case Studies 16

5.1 Objectives of Case Studies 24

5.2 The Sackler Galleries, London 24

5.3 Spa Bad Elster, Germany 27

5.4 Art Gallery, Sligo. Ireland 29

5.5 Royal Court Theatre, London 31

5.6 Museum of Religious Art Renewal,Utrecht, The Netherlands 33

5.7 Flagstaff House Museum of Tea Ware 8The K.S. Lo Gallery, Hong Kong 35

5.8 Hong Kong Visual Arts Centre 38

5.9 Spatial Characters of Lan Kwai Fong 40

Bibliography

AppendicesAppendix A. Measured Drawings of former Marine Police HeadquartersAppendix B. Record Drawings- Typical Details of Roof Truss & Wall FootingAppendIx C Record Drawings offormer Fire StationAppendix D. Comparison of programma between Fringe Club & HK Art Centre

Thesis Report Revitalization of former Marine Police Headguartrs


1.0 Design Thesis Identification

"We conserve old things, not for their own sake nor in a quixotic attempt to stop change,but the better to convey a sense of history. This then implies a celebration ofchange, and of conflicts of values that accompany history. It means connecting to theprocess of the past to present change and values, instead of attempting to detach itfrom them."

1.1 Synopsis

The heritage of former Marine Police Headquarter completed n 1884 have been 'eftabandoned for six years, located at the heart of Tsim Sha Tsui with an inherentelevated position. The Victorian style heritage and the natural characters of the sitecontrast strongly with the surrounding modern development, however, this piece ofvaluable architecture s usually overlooked by the general public.

The thesis is targeted to explore an appropriate solution in conservation of this heritage,in terms of its transformation to a contemporary modern use, architectural expressionand with respect to its urban context. Aiming to revitalize this historical site into a newlandmark for local people and tourists, while maintaining and reinforcing the charactersof the existing heritages and the natural settings of the site. Besides enriching city lifewith the provision of dinning, shopping and cultural activities, at the same time toself-sustain the heritage financially in the long run.

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j j . .....

Fig. 1 I The former Marine Police Headquarter on an elevated hi!! site.

I Good city Form, by Kevin Lynch

41! 41


1.2 Deficiencies in Hong Kong

The thesis topic is generated from theobservation of deficiencies experienced inheritage conservation; three aspects areidentified as follows:

1)Usage /1The over-provided museum' type of usage or Fig. 1.2 Flagstaff House Museum of Tea Warethe lack of market demanded sense haslimited the utilization of the heritage. Itsapproaches and adapted usage attracts littleattention from general public and the visitationfrequency is usually low. Examples are theFlagstaff House Museum of Tea Ware in HongKong Park (Fig 1.2) and the Central Market(Fig. 1.3) with merely a row of shabby retailscan hardly attract visitors. "This domestic

Fig 1.3 The Central Marketapproach to heritage conservation hasproduced piecemeal conservation efforts that transform historical buildings intomuseums and exhibition halls." "Turning Hong Kong's historical buildings into domesticmuseums is a dead-end approach in heritage conservation, and certainly a dead-endapDroach in tourism. " 2

2)Arc h itectu raiEx p ress io n

Ways to conserve a heritage is asubjective open question. Facadismmethod with heritage partiallypreserved has been explored inprecedents. Example like the OldMental Hospital in Sai Ying Pun withonly the faade preserved asdecorative use (fig. i .4) is an Fig 1.4 The Old Mental Hospital in Sai Ving Punarguable statement in heritageconservation.

3)Urban LinkageThe importance of heritage withrespect to surrounding context is

Fg. 1.5 Sam Tung UK Museum2 "Is HerItage for Sale T' by Prof. D. Lung, HK!A Journal Issue No.25

Fig I 6 Westorn Market


usually being unaware due to site constraints or economic consideration. Theheritages are often being preserved as object but not in relation to the surroundingcontext within urban planning strategy. The conventional conservation approach isgeared to site -specific protection and refurbishment but there is also a need tounderstand this conceptionally through the components and interstices of urbanp/aces."3 Examples are the Sam Tung UK Museum (fig. 1.5) in Tsuen Wan and theWestern Market which converted into theme retails and restaurants (fig. 1.6) in SheungWan. The declining number of visitors reflect its potential has not been fully utilized,simply related to the lack of urban consideration, with inconvenient access and noother attraction nearby.

I .3 Statements of Objectivesi ) To explore the most appropriate solution in

this specific heritage conservation in termsof its transformation to a contemporarymodern use, architectural expressionand with respect to its urban context.

2) To revitalize the site as a new landmark inSouthern Tsim Sha Tsui for the localcommunity and tourists.

3) To enhance the inherent cultural image ofTsm Sha Tsui

4) To create economic benefit to self-sustainthe maintenance of the heritage and the social.

5) To preserve and reinforce the characters of theexisting heritages and the natural settings of thesite, such as minimizing the tree-felling.

Fig. 1.7 Southern Tsim Sha Tsui

I .4 Scope of Work Fg 1.8 There are many mature frees on the site1) The proposal is to transform the historical

building into a comprehensive commercial and cultural development.2) Apart from introducing new activities into the heritage. additional facilities will be

incorporated to serve the alternation, integration between New and Old constructionis emphasized.

3) The urban context of the historical site would be considered, including both thephysical and visual linkage above and below ground. Relationship with thesurrounding circulation pattern, land use, adjacent building height and faadedesign would be emphasized.

Urban Renewal & Regeneration: Planning with the Past, by P.C. Smith, HKIA Journal Issue No.22

4


2.0 Site Validation2.1 Site Investigations2.11 Site LocationThe proposed site is located in Southern Tsim Sha Tsui, bounded by Salisbury Road tothe South, Peking Road in the North, Kowloon Bay Drive to the East and Canton Roadto the West.

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.Southern Tsim Sha Tsui

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F,g 2 1 Aerial Photo & Location plans


2.12 Site Information

The Marine Police Headquarters within thesite provides opportunity to explore waysfor heritage transformation. Theheadquarters in Victorian style wascompleted in 1884, comprises a mainbuilding (fig. 2.2), a stable block (fig. 2.3)and a signal tower called the Round House(fig. 2.4). The main building was originallya 2-storey structure, the present top floor

was added in 1920'sFig. 2.2 The main building of Marine Police

In 1994, the main building and the

!Signal

Tower havebeen gazetted as amonument in Grade 1I. status under theAntiquities &MonumentsOrdinance

Fig, 2.3 The existing stable block

in 7 4 Th Rrw inri Hn,pj

Fig. 2.5 Aerial Photo of the site

6


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2.2 Site Analysis

Historical blocks

king Rd

Cultural Centre

Pedestrian AccessSuitable for new development

Mature trees Vehicular / Emergency Access

Surrounding High-rise blocks Vew to the site

High-rise officel retail block under constructionFin 2A

e'

2.21 Geo-technical informationThe site is elevated with four sides retaining walls constructed. Extensive undergroundtunnels were constructed for air-raid shelter in the past.


2.22 Class of Sitel ZoningThe Marine Police Headquarters within the Class C site was declared monument asGrade lin 1994. Now it has been zoned to a Comprehensive Development Area.

2.23 ConstraintsExisting dense vegetation around the site has limited the visual linkage between theplatform and street level.

2.24 Potential1)The site is located at the heart of Tsim Sha Tsui and its inherent elevated position

offers good conditions to generate it into a landmark.

2)There are several potential linkages between the site and the surrounding like theCultural Centre opposite Salisbury Road and the adjacent High-rise commercialblock that is being erected.

3)The main building, the Round House, the stable and fire station preserved ashistorical monument can be adopted with new uses.

4)New development is suitable to be accommodated on and below the existingplatform of the site.

5) With Southern part of the site as important frontage, maximising accessibility withpedestrian connection to the site from surrounding.

6)A pleasing green zone is offered by the mature trees along the site edgewithin the area.

2.3 Context Analysis2.31 Land Use

Close to the Cultural Centre and FerryConcourse, the site is situated within atourist area and surrounded by hotels,cultural facilities and commercialdevelopments. Transforming the siteinto a distinctive prominence forcultural and tourist related usagewould be feasible and sustainable.

LAND USE ... Hotel Cultural- Commerca Other GIC

Rohgou MonumentLIIproposed s$te

s


2.32 Circulation Movement FT Wt i Ub1 cH-Vehicular Traffic FlowMajor vehicular flow occurs at widerSalisbury Road on the South andKowloon Park Drive on the East.Comparing with these two roads,lighter traffic flow at the one-wayPeking Road on the North andCanton Road on the West.Vehicular! emergency access to thesite is provided by the single roadfrom Canton Road.

a

IEmergency ,Vehicular -Access to 'site /'\ \

e

VEHICULAR TRAFFIC FLOW Heavy traffic flowMedium tratfic flowLight traffic flow

Fig. 2.8 Proposed site

Fig. 2.9 Traffic along Kowloon Park Drive

-Pedestrian Traffic FlowConstant heavy pedestrian flow atday-time and night-time occursalong Canton Road and SalisburyRoad. Pedestrians access to thesite is via narrow steps in thesoutheastern corner of the site andthe ramp along Canton Road.

Fig.211Rampprovidesaccess tosite alongCantonRoad

Fig. 2,12Steps attheSouth-easttowardsthe site.

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PEDESTRIAN FLOW

Fig. 2.10

. . . Heavy density. s . Medium density

Low denhtlyProposcd SPIC

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2.34 Massing

The site is surrounded byregular building blocks withheight ranging from mid-rise tohigh-rise, the low-rise heritagebuildings with Victorian stylemakes the elevated site moreunique and can be potentiallytransformed into a focalpoint within the area.

2.35 Urban Void

Apart from the different parknature of Kowloon Park andwaterfront promenade area, thecontext is lack of green openarea except the chosen site; thecharacters of Open Space andIsland like nature makes itstand out from thesurrounding.

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URBANVOID I parkspaceLIopen spaceDproposed site

Carmen Lam


2.36 Grid PatternThe grid pattern of Southern TSTis being continuously modified bythe progressive development ofthat area. The grid is first used inorganising Marine PoliceHeadquarters area (Type I gridin Fig.2. 15) and the waterfrontdevelopment for the wharf (Type2 grid), but they have undergonechanges through years. The gridpattern is still obvious in itsvertical delineation of the area.Major roads like Nathan Road.and Canton Road leading to thewaterfront also forms a strongdirectional structure in the urbanmorphology.

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_i . Grid pattern at area around the Marine PoliceHeadquarters.2. Grid pattern at waterfront area for the wharfand godowns.

- .3. Kowloon Park Drive cuts through the grid pattern.4. Salisbury Rd. separates the urban fabric from thewaterfront area with the Cultural Centre, that bearsno relationship with the existing grid.

237 History of the siteThe hill site has great historical value, it hadoccupied one of the most commanding positions inthe Colony when it was built, and possessesmagnificent view of the habour and KowloonPeninsula (fig 2.16). lt was then became a strategiclocation during the Japanese occupation period. Therelation between the site and sea had been fadedaway since the reclamation process in the 1880s (fig2. 17)

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The start of reclamationIn 1886

seLMt-

Southern TST in i 925

Fig. 2.16

I\

,>-introduction of road systemIn 1975

Il

..$MIR reservation ri 1980

Fig. 2.17

Carmen Lam

Carmen Lam


2.4 Justification of Site

The Former Marine Police Headquarters within the site provides opportunity to exploreways for heritage conservation. The inherent isolated position of the site, together withits unique location between the cultural waterfront and commercial context withintourist area offers good conditions to generate the site into a landmark and testsolutions for urban connection.At present Tsim Sha Tsui does not have a focal point for tourists to gather and relax,the unusual position of the site makes it a distinctive prominence in the area. Thecritical mass of retails, restaurants, cafe and cultural facilities help to enliven the areaby creating a new destination for tourists and local artists. The site is around onehectare in size; additional development can be incorporated on and below the platform.

3.0 Design Programme

3.1 Programme DescriptionTo transform the heritage buildings of Marine PoliceHeadquarters and the adjoining platform into acomposite use with Commercial Activities and CulturalActivities. As to generate the site to be an active andcarnival place at day and night time.

3.2 Justification of Programme3.21 Restaurant! Caf! Food Plaza.. Tsim Sha Tsui currently is lack of a centralized

gathering space for outdoor dinner with cluster ofrestaurants, outdoor cafe as a focal point like the Sohoarea in Central. These eating spaces can cater for thepeople using the cultural facilities within the site and theopposite Cultural Centre.

- The site is isolated with limited vehicular traffic influenceis suitable for outdoor gathering.

- Targeted users such as individual travelers, tourists,nearby office workers and professional middle class.

- With high-class type of restaurants serving differentspecialty food within the Victorian style building,

- outdoor dinning with outdoor caf and pavilion on theterrace and landscape, also with a Food Plaza whichwould be targeted for the bag-packers and people whoshop around.

- Rental of restaurants would help to sustain themaintenance of the heritage.

Fig. 3.1 Outdoor dinning

12

Carmen Lam

Carmen Lam

Carmen Lam


3.22 RetailThe site is at the intermediate nodal point between thelarge shopping magnet in Southern Tsim Sha Tsui.Critical mass of retail at the site can tie up the OceanCentre, New World Centre and the UndergroundShopping Mall, by generating a flow of density inbetween. Cultural shops would be suitable for touristsand within this cultural context. Shopping activitiesstarting from Salisbury Road can help to draw people upto the slope hill site. Rental of the shops would be themain financial support.

3.23 Cultural Provisions- A small-scale Art Centre can be a supplement to the

Cultural Centre opposite Salisbury Road.- Cultural Provision would reinforce the cultural image of

Tsim Sha Tsui in terms of diversity' of art activities.- Target users are:a) Individual or small group oflocal artists, for them to practice

and exhibit Visual or Performance Artb) General public to enjoy and participate in Art, through

exhibition, performance and classes.- A small-scale Art Centre that is different from Art

Museum or Cultural Centre, it is catered for small-scaleinformal performance and exhibition and alternative tomainstream arts.

- A local Artist, Tam Wai Pai claimed that "Thedevelopment of Arts n Hong Kong is like an invertedtriangle. The top level is Civil Art in large-scale exhibitionspace like Museum & Cultural Centre cater for overseaartists, the middle level are small-scale of individualcommercial art galleries: and the bottom level is thelocal art which require more space for development."4

- Rental of studios, exhibition space, income fromexhibition, performance and classes would help tosustain the maintenance of the heritage.

Article extracted from local cultural magazine "E + E' Volume i

Fig, 3.2 Shopping activities

Fig. 3.3 Fringe Club inCentral

(-4

Fig. 3.4 Diversity ofArt Activities

LFig. 3.5 Classes in Studio

13

Thesis Reoit Revitalization of former Marine Police Headquarters

324 Symbiosis of Composite useSymbiosis between Commercial & CulturalActivities. Restaurant and Retail help to draw more

people to the Art Centre and in the opposite way,

the activities in the Art Centre brings visitors to

stay. Adjoining Platlorm serves as a lively open

e/art & cttraI cti1tl.i

\ommerc aIterrace for informal performance, also for users ofrestaurant and cafe to gather and socialize.

3.3 Schedule of accommodation

Fig. 3.6

Types ofAccornmodation No. jAreai unit (sq. m) Jctal Area (sq. m)1) IN TI-lE EXISTING BUILDINGRecepn /Gallery I 50 50Restaurant 5 160 800Kitchen e 40 240Caf 6 50 300SmallerGallery 3 70 210Larger Gallery I_____ 200 200Studio 4 100 400Restaurant/ Function Room on 2/F I_____ 280 280Function Room 2 70 140Office I_____ 100 100Store 2 70 140Indoor Multi-purpose Courtyard I______ 500 500

(subtotal = 3360)2) ADDITIONAL DEVELOPMENT BELOW & ABOVE PLATFORMSmarl Shop/Cultural Shop 30 70 2100Medium Size Shop 7 100 700LargeSizeShop 4 200 800HugeSizeShop 2 400 800Food Plaza I 1500 1500Caf 6 70 420Office I 100 100Store I_____ 40 40PlantRoom I____ 60 60

(subtotal = 6520)TOTAL 9880

4


The proposed schedule of accommodation has been prepared with reference to therestaurants and caf in Lan Kwai Fong, the programme of Festival Work ShoppingCentre and Fringe Club, also with discussion with the Administer, Catherine Lau inFringe Club.

3.34 Structure of inter-relationship

Function I

Studio Room! I I GaeryRestaurant

Vzzl I- ( Multi- )[_1L___i t- purpose(/)JIDILJI \ Courtyard r

oC.)

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4. Research/ Field works

The condition and significant of the heritage buildings within the former Marine PoliceHeadquarters Compound has to be assessed and evaluated, before choosing thesuitable techniques of conservation works and maintenance work to be carried out tothe building. By looking at the problems, causes of the problems and suggestingconservation recommendations. In order to restore and keep the buildings in bettercondition and slow down deterioration of the materials, while it is important to retain thehistorical, architectural and contextual significances of the Marine Police Headquarters

4.1 Materials & Condition of the Marine Police Headquarters

Exterior of Main Building- Thefaade of the building is mainlyconstructed with red bricks andfinished with stucco, the verandahwith double granite columns andblue steel railings are one of thecharacters of the front faade (fig.4.1). The top floor of the main faadeexceptionally exposed withoutfinishing (fig.4.2). The generalcondition of the building envelope is

F -1 Fq 4

in good condition, as external renovation and repair works havebeen undertaken recently.

aiInterior of Main Building- Finishing of the interior is mainly plasterand paint. There were no repair and renovation work since 1997,but it is found that it is in fair condition.

Round House- The Exterior is in goodcondition (fig.4.3), and in fair conditionfor the interior, it is constructed ofbricks and covered with stucco.

Fire-station- The two buildings of firestation are in red bricks, the conditionsof them are good, as it is still beingused after renovation. (fig. 4.4)

e.;,, A

Fin 4 4

16


4.2 Identification & Causes of ProblemThe following problems can be observed in the buildings, for which has to be solved, byrepairing, renovating or replacing. Not merely treating the symptoms s enough, assessand understand the underlying cause of problems is needed in order to decide the mostappropriate type of treatment.

1) Cracks and fracture found onthe exterior of the stucco wall atStable House (fig.4.5 & fig 4.6).This may due to excessivemoisture with humidity andtemperate cycling, or vibrationcaused by erection of adjacenthigh-rise building

2) Cracks and damage of stuccoon wall and ceiling, paint pealing off

Fig 45 Fig. 4 6

can be observed on the interior of the main building. Mainly due to lack of maintenance,also with excessive moisture with humidity cycling (wetting and drying effect) gives riseto destructive crystallization action of soluble salts that present, this process causeddeterioration and crack to the material.

Fig. 4. 7 Crack foundon ce,Iinq leading lo wall

s

-Fig. 4. 8 Deteriora(,on ofpaintand stucco on ceiling

Fig.4 lo Damge ofstucco on ceiling

Fig.4.9 Peeling off of Painton wail

,

Fig.4. i I Deterioration of stucco onmolding

17


3) Stain and dirt are found mainly in the ceiling and interior walls of the main building,it s caused by moisture problem and the rust pipes and corroded metal work attached.Other than unpleasant to look at these symptoms, stains and deposit usually causedamages. If they have been left untouched, t will be much harder to clean and havefurther erosion.

Fig.4. 12 Wafer seepage on ce1ing Fig. 4.13 & 4 14 Sf am and dirt on the walls wit h corroded metal works

4) The deterioration of timber-work, such as the damage of door(fig 4.15), window

frame

of French door (fig. 4.16)and window shutters (fig.4.17). These may damage isencouraged by lack of maintenance, excess dampness to the timber and attracted bytermite.

Fig.4. 15

I

Fig. 4.16 Fig. 4.17

5) Moisture and Drainage Problem has caused the stain, deterioration and crack to theceiling and further to the wall and other material in the interior, this may lead to furtherdamage. Excess dampness may due to the blockage of drainage or gutter, with waterleakage into the interior with the damaged damp proof member and screed on the

Fig. 4 18 damaged screed and waterproof membrane Fig. 4. 19 Blockage of drainage byaccumulated leaves

roof-top.

18


6) Stains, dirt and white deposits appeared on thebrick and mortar joints of the exterior of fire-station.These symptoms are indicating a source of excessivedampness. Excessive moisture with humidity cyclinggives rise to destructive crystallization action ofsoluble salts that present in the material oratmospheric impurities, this process causeddeterioration to the masonry.

Apart from aesthetic problem, if stains and deposithave been left untouched, it will be much harder to

clean and have further erosion due to humidity Fig. 4.20 Stain and white depositsshown on bnck wailcycling and soluble salts crystallization. Asefflorescence may also indicates potentiallydamaging subflorescence, this is an accumulating of soluble salts beneath themasonry surface, which may exaggerate the effects of exfoliation and spalling ofmasonry. Therefore letting the problems persisting will eventually lead to deepdeterioration of bricks and mortar joints, even have water penetration into brick wallswith losing mortar.

4.3 Conservation RecommendationsAfter assessing and understand the cause of problems, the most appropriate type oftreatment and conservation techniques are suggested as followed:

1) Repair of cracked and damaged stuccoPatching is only needed for most stucco repairs, which should always be done if stuccowas the original treatment for a historic building, which is suitable for this case. Cautionhas to be made as to avoid any damage done to the brick walls when removing existingstucco.

F!g.4.21 F' 4 Fig.4.23

Repair work should keep as much original stucco as possible, so minimum of area shouldbe patched. Area s of loose stucco can be evident or can be detected by tapping the wallwith the wooden mallet with the loose stucco sounding hollow (fig. 4.21). Loose orbowed-out areas are removed down to the scratch coat or the brick wall; (fig. 4.22) replacesections of wall between logical break points. Cracks should be cleaned out, and all edgesof sound mortar around the patches and along cracks should be undercut to allow thepatch to grip. The new stucco has to apply in layers (fig. 4.23).

li.)


2) Improve drainage system, prevent water accumulated on RoofSolutions for moisture problems may include reducing the presence of moisture with betterdrainage, repair or replacement of damp-proof courses (physical and other barriers thatprevent moisture leaking down from the roof or from rising up a wall). It should be followedwith treatments to remove salt encrustations on or within the masonry, which build up as aresult of the moisture problem.

3) Cleaning of brickwork and mortar of the fire-station

-Understanding the nature of materialCleaning method using should base on type of dirt and the nature of the masonry e.g.its hardness, porosity and surface finish, this can help avoid selection of inappropriatecleaning method which causes unnecessary damage.

.iI4 I.

M .w.

I.Fig. 4.24 Testing can avoid injunoto the bricks

The red bricks in former Fire Station should cleanedin a gentle way with extra care. Also the white mortarused between the bricks is lime based, so theyshould not be cleaned with acidic deaner becausethey would stain and dissolve the surface.Sandbiasting cleaning method s not applicable inthis case, as it would remove the hard surface of thebrick.

Cleaning is aiming to remove as much harmfulsubstances that can attack the surface of thematerials, but leaving the natural characteristics thatcome with the age ofthe building. The appearance ofthe whole brick wall should have similar cleaningresult giving similar colour and level of cleanliness.

-Establish Risk with test - Minimize and avoidInjuriousSelect the gentlest possible cleaning method first,only moves up to harsher method if the simpler onesdo not reach an acceptable level of cleanliness.Different brick areas with different types of dirt shouldbe tested separately, with sufficient size of area to

give a true indication of effectiveness.

-Water cleaningThe simplest operation of water cleaning can soften the dirt and rinse the deposits fromthe brick surface. lt is the safest method for the masonry and the environment and has

20

Thesis Report Revitalization of former Manne Police Headquarters

the least cost. In this case, it should be best to clean with handscrubbrng method, usinga soft natural-bristle, nylon or fiber brush. A small amount of liquid nonionic detergentcan be added to the water to remove the white deposits. During water cleaning,precaution should be taken to ensure that the wall is watertight. masonry and mortarsare sound, prevent water seeping through deficient seals around windows into theinterior, use techniques that require the least amount of water and always usenonferrous tools.

If handscrubbing is not giving ari acceptable cleaning effect, other water cleaningmethods like spraying can be considered with different duration of operation. Sprayingdepends on a hose using regular water pressure. Pressure washing by mechanizedpressure may damage the old masonry wall, so should not be used in here.

-Chemical cIeaninChemical cleaning can also be tested with different concentration if water cleaningcannot give satisfaction. The chemical would hasten the cleaning process, the dirt,deposits and excess chemicals are then rinsed away with water. Beware thatchemicals may affect the colour of bricks and react with components of mortar, butadvance testing should help avoid these problems. Also should carefully evaluate thepotential environmental effects and health dangers of chemical cleaners.

-Mortar ioints that need ReDointingAfter cleaning, if finding certain deteriorated mortars have been eroded for more than1/3 inches or loss adhesion with the brick, they should be repointed to avoid waterpenetration. Repointing is the process of removing deteriorated mortar from the jointsbefore replacing it with new mortar. Improperly repointing not only detracts fromthe appearance of the buildings and may cause physical damage to the masonryunits. So it is important to assess the condition of each mortar joint, as to avoidunnecessary repointing. Good craftsmanship by contractor and good supervision isneeded for repointing, samples and test should also be made.

-Matching mortapropertiesThe recessed white mortar used in the former Fire Station is lime based in concaveprofile. The new mortar must match the original5t1rlaboratory. The new mortar must have more ' r I i)-porous and softer in ternis of compressivestrength than the brick and the original mortar, so itis chosen and applied to fail before the bricks fail.

F,g 4 :25 RemisM bonding used n former

Fire-station

21

Thesis Report Revitalization of former Mai*e Police Headquarters

In conclusion, n order not to damage the building elements arid materials that areimportant in defining its character and maintain the integrity of the building, it is usefulto understand the design and history Before undertaking any conservation work, it isessential to understand how significant the building is architecturally and culturally.Regular Maintenance In long term is important -_Having a refurbishment soon,good maintenance and management in a long run are the best ways to care for theMarine Police Headquarters. Maintenance cari slow deterioration and postpone repairor replacements. Routine maintenance should include inspecting and dealing withminor problems on a regular basis. Examples like checking out the drainage orclogging drainage, checking out bricks surface, joints, timber and metal work etc. Withthe Cultural and architectural value that this heritage has carried, it has left abandonedfor period oftime and it would be wasteful for it to be left untouched and deteriorated.

4.4 Comparison between Conservation MethodsConservation modes in terms of architectural expression are divided into four maintypes, which have different advantages and disadvantages and should be appliedaccording to specific condition, they are compared as follows:

RestoratIon Conservation PartiallyConserved!Partially

Demolished

Rebuift

-I

______________To preserve the

______________Preserve the Heritage is partially The historic building

heritage as its whole building preserved with is dismantled in a: original history except replacing new additions due controlled manner.

in terms of the outdated to the reason of and rebuilt the sameusage, style and function by dilapidation and building in otheratmosphere Contemporary maxim ising su itable location.

uses. Structural developmentissue and E&M potential.provisions shallbe considered.- _______________

The true history Introduction of The 'essence' of Building can beof building is new functions heritage can be preserved especially

.retained. revitalizing the preserved without at area with high land

c heritage as well scarifying the cost or relocated to aas allowing development place with convenientgeneral public to potential of the access.appreciate the site.

- _______________ heritage.

22


Availability of The existing The integrity of the Heritage shall be wellU) craftsman and bulk of heritage historic building is coordinated to

.

original building may hinder the destroyed. dismantle, store,.

material is development of protect and rebuilt,( difficult. proposed new which is costly and

function. time consuming1 Restoration of Flagstaff Old Mental

Tai Fu Tai Museum in Hospital in Sai Murray House in.- Mansion Hong Kong Park Ying Pui. Stanley.

(Fig426) (Fig 4 27) Fig 428)'!j

(Feg.429)

).,.--

-. I

t .i- I'i

4.5 Government Plan of Marine Police Headquarters & Departmentsinvolved for transformation work.The Government will see plans for restoration and preservation of the former MarinePolice Headquarters and will invite private sector to submit proposal for possible use ofthe site, emphasis for a tourist spot. The Chief Executive stated that "Nature. cultureand heritage will continue to remain an important aspect of tourism in Hong Kong. "

Works Government Department involvedPermit for works to carried out in declaredmonuments

Antiquities & Monuments Office

-Alternation and addition works and newbuilding works e.g. structural alternation,access for disable to site etc.

Buildings Department

-Construction works to retaining walls andthe hill slope of the site-Site formation works affecting slopes

Civil Engineering Department!Geo-technical Engineering Office

Land condition District Land Office, Lands DepartmentReplanting or cuffing any existing trees Environmental Protection DepartmentEVA and F5. installation Fire Services DepartmentEVA and access road. Highways DepartmentSubmit Master Plan for thisComprehensive Development Area

Planning Department

Water Supplies Water Services Department

Government Release Press dated 24 August 200123

Thesis Report- Case Studies Revitalization of former Marine Police Headquarters

5.0 CASE STUDIES

5.1 Objectives of Case StudiesIn this session, various relevant examples of transformation projects in overseas andHong Kong would be mainly looked at. In order to study different architecture expressionin adding new part into the old part, especially the integration between them. On theother hand, followed by looking at the spatial character of Lan Kwai Fong, therelationship between outside and restaurants, it would be useful in the design ofoutdoor gathering and dinning in the design too.

5.2 The Sackler Galleries, London 1985 - 1991By Foster Associates

An icebreaker for the use of North South SectionA .sttg

advanced technology architecturein a Heritage environment

By making use of a 5 metres wide gapbetween two main buildings (Burlington andDiploma Galleries) of Royal Academy, anew vertical circulation is constructed to tieup the previously isolated Galleries, thisalteration becomes the Sackler Galleries.

Strategy:Apart from Client's brief as to renovate theRoyal Academy's old Diploma Galleries,Foster thought it would be more benefit toimproving access to them, both for visitorsand for the movement of works of art. He sawthe slot left between Burlington House andthe Diploma Galleries would be possible fora new vertical circulation system

Fia. 5. 1 Previous Section

II 4014e

Fia. 5. 2 Section alvino additional oars

The construction task of Sackler Galleries had divided into threes parts. Firstly, therewas the conservation task of recreating the north faade of Burlington House. Secondly,to build a freestanding lobby and sculpture promenade supported by light-weight steelstructure together with a lift and staircase. Finally, the interior work of stripping theformer Diploma Galleries back to their brickwork, raising their floor levels to insert new

24

Thesis Re pod- Case Studies Revitalization of former Marine Police Headquarters

services and replacing the old roof with a newstructure with barrel-vaulted ceilings and skylights withcontrollable ouvres to monitor light levels at all times.

The top floor of the new structure s the sculpturepromenade, an area partly glazed to let daylight washthe restored historic facades beneath it, and alsoreinforce the tie between the two older buildings oneither side. The roof and north wall of the sculpturepromenade were enclosed with translucent glass,supported on pin-jointed brackets that respond to anydifferential movement between the two buildings.

Appral sal:The Sackler Galleries show how new extensionsintegrating and contrasting with the old building. A clearseparation between the new and old allowed therestoration and the construction of new works to becarried out with the minimum of interference. Theoriginal faade has been restored and respectedthough allowing the new work to stand out from theOrig na i.

For satisfying the modern function of gallery, newadditions alters the circulation pattern of existingbuilding besides new services are incorporated to caterfor contemporary use.

The use of modern materials also helps in fitting thenew use of space. The daylight that pours in throughthe glass cladding of the rooftop, the translucent glasscomes to rest upon an ancient parapet. lt pays moregenuine respect to the ancient brick and stonebuildings to which it is attached.

Fig. 5.3

Fig. 5.4 The minimallsm of themodem parts -the glass roof.glass cladding, steel staircase,and the hydraulic lift -is whatthrows the greater historic pailsinto such dramatic prominence.

25


Foster said " It is deJiberate the interpretation of howyou relate the o)d to the new and get something richerand more dynamic out of both". The Client PiersRogers argued that Conservation meant continuity,and that the qualities of an old building could be betterserved by sensitive additions in a contemporary style,than by feeble pastiche, but there were all too fewexamples of success to point to in support of thisargument. To be involved in creating one was aprivilege."

- .

I

-Fig. 5,5 The assured calm of(henew sculpture promenade and lobby

Fig 5.6 New installed light-weight

Fig.5. 7 A period door was discounted in favour ofone in glass lo help identify it as a newintervention

2o


5.3 Spa Bad Elster, GermanyBy Behnisch & Partners

Bringing a hundred years old spa complex up to date - relating newand old, interior and exterior, private and public spaces in acomplicated weave.

The Spa Bad Elster which built in 1848 fell intodisrepair since the World War Il, the district ofSaxony decided to renovate the landmark buildingsand give new life to the dilapidated inner courtyard,which had been used to store mud, coal andequipment by the Communists. The existinghistorical buildings in sandstone are locally valuedand the main faade is a key monument reflectingthe pride of Bad Elster's grandest years.

Strategy:The architects understood people's great affection forthe old buildings, but argued successfully that thenew facilities should mark a deliberate break with theexisting architecture. The solution was to insert withinthe old courtyard a set of buildings that used glassand colour to establish their own characters. In thisproject, it set the transparent new structures insidethe existing courtyard, using the elevations ofhistoric buildings as a rich backdrop. The additionsare placed in a loose and open manner within theold space, inviting social interaction. Visitors can seeone another from the buildings, but they get a feelingof enclosure from the wings of the spa wrappingaround the courtyard.

Fig. 5.10 In both wall and roof glass is doublelayered with a large buffer space to serve toiinsulation. The inner ceiling layer is made ofadjustable glass louvres. the upper side coatedto be partially reflective. the underside printedwith spots of different colours

Fig. 5.8

Fig. 5.9 New bathing hail, which is in effectboth outside and in. Elaborate doubleglass walls allow space to be visually partof existing courtyard.


Three new buildings were added in a modernvocabulary to contrast sharply with the old.Freestanding square pavilions with glass walland flat roots are designed. To provideweather tight connections to the older buildings,glass-sided corridors were added, and glazedgalleries were tacked onto existing facades.

The two larger additions are the squarebathhouse and the rectangular treatment pavilion.A smaller reception pavilion set near the centreof the plan. Along with its glazed links, thissquare of glass with a slab roof both sets theboundary between the two main courts andmarks the crossing point of the two main routes.

Appraisals:Instead of imitating the old architecture, the newelements are mostly glass and steel and areclearly modern which contrast sharply with theload-bearing old structure. The architects also

1-L.. a

Fig 5.11 Plan with new additions shaded inred

attached glazed passageways and galleries onto Fig 5 12 While rooms n (he 1O century oldthe spa's historic walls which allows connections buildings were restored, new spaces wereto be made and privacy preserved without given a modem treatmentbreaking visual continuity.

The strong use of colour, not only in the bathing hall but also throughout the new worksand even in the linking parts which contrast and give new life to the old parts. The SpaBad Elster has helped revitalize its region after the fall of Communism n East Germanyfor more than 10 years. The result is a playful solution with a colourful bathhouse as theyouthful new heart of the expansive complex.


5.4 Art Gallery, Silgo, IrelandBy McCullough MuIvn

Sensitively rehabilitates a Victorianinstitution to house galleries andperformance spaces from therefurbishment and extension of aModel School.

The Model School fell out of use severaldecades ago. In recent years, arts groups Fig. 5. 13 The Victorian ,nstitution on a gssy hifi

began to use the building to host exhibitions ofpainting and sculpture, theatre and film. Thenthe premises have been refurbished and Lextended with a pavilion. The school stands on ' I -a grassy hill facing south across the town. It is atwo-storey structure with an asymmetricalfaade.

Strategy:It was decided to restore the sandstone onlyaround the retained entrance and along thepotentially dangerous cornices. The newaddition is the Niland Gallery, this cedar-cladpavilion which has international-levelenvironmental requirements met by

computer-controlled ventilation and lightingsystem. This cedar-clad box is placed in theformer yard uphill from the existing building, italso roofs the space in between as adouble-height atrium. Three north-facinglongitudinal skylights sit above the NilandGallery as a zinc-clad hat. The institution isevolved with cuts in existing cross-walls andthe introduction of skylights in the returns.

-----,-Fig. 5. 14 Plans with nw additions

Fig. 5. 15 Section showing the new Niland Gallery on (heright

29


The architects have fully used the site's slopeso that from the entry foyer, directly behind theoriginal doorway, the visitor's view is attractedboth leftwards and up some broad steps intothis higher central space. The atrium is pavedin pale limestone and spanned by fourwest-facing skylights above. The former schoolgymnasium is adapted to a theatre! cinema,which can be reached from the atrium.

Appraisals:

The

architect has set oneband of stone into thecedar skin of extension, itis aligned with sill andcornice details of theVictorian wall. That portionin turn, has its uppervolume heightened withfascia of render and cedar,

Fig. 5 16 The extension gives a solid &modern feeling

Ii 11Iji

so whether inside or outFig 517

can

be read as anensemble.

The project has attempted to use various new materials tomatch with the existing sandstone, instead of usingcontrasting lightweight structure, the new extension gives asolid but modern appearance, also with clam colourharmonizing with the existing building. For interior, a varietyof stimulating, interconnected spaces have been createdwithin the old and new. The atrium is lit by nature lighttogether with pale limestone paving, board markedconcrete and timber walls, a simply and elegant modern

F,a, 518

atmosphere is given, and most importantly integrate wellwith the existing Victorian sandstone wall. Fia. 5.19

Thesis Report- Case Studies Revitalization of former Marine Polce Headquarters

5.5 Royal Court Theatre, LondonBalancing the demands of historical continuity and experimentalinnovation with an imaginative synthesis of excavation andpreservation, through expansion of basement, rationalization ofcirculation and additions.

By Haworth Tompkins

Londons Royal court was built in 1888, the theatre hadbecome structurally unsound and reached the point ofphysical collapse by the mid 1990s. Successive piecemealalterations had confused the building's circulation andreduced its efficiency, but there was little apparentpotential for expansion on a tightly constricted site.

Strategy:The architect set out to reflect the history and continuity,the Royal Court. The existing basement levelshave been expanded, circulation rationalized andnew parts added, effectively doubling usablespace and freeing up main auditorium and foyers.To the rear, a new nine-storey annex clad inread-painted street panels, cedar plankingcontains new office spaces and dressing roomsand new service entrance.

Additional front of house space has been createdby tunnelling under the road outside to connectthrough with Sloane square. Incremental layer ofinternal plaster have been scraped back to revealthe original brickwork, fragments of tiling andmosaic, as evocative evidence of the building'sformer incarnations.

Fig.5.21 Section. GIF and basement plans with new addition

Iii.u I

Fig 5. 20 The restored Royal Court forms acultural and urban landmark

3t

Thesis Report- Case Studies Re vitalization of former Marine Police Headquarters

A curved three-storey drum encloses the outerwall of the auditorium, marking the threshold ofthe inner sanctum of the theatre. The originalVictorian cast iron structure has been strippedback and exposed along staircase. (fig 5.23)

There is now wing space in the back of housespace, including a carpentry workshop andscenery store. The fly tower has beenunderpinned, reinforced and extendedupwards and the stage is equipped with ahydraulic lift and new floor.

AppraisalsThe architect has balanced the demands ofhistorical continuity and experimental innovation,despite the limited potential of the existingbuildings and site, an extensive renovationcarried out under the skin of the old theatre. Theexcavation of basement and tunnelling haveexpanded the boundary of the tightly constrictedsite and the new undercroft extends the existingstalls bar and houses a kitchen, restaurant, barand small bookshop. lt has also reinforcedlinkage to the context, together with replanningthe front of house spaces, connects the buildingmore coherently with Sloane Square oppositethe road.

Fig. 5.22 Detail of the layered metal skin onthe theatre's new extension. Movable meshpanels screen dressing rooms

Fig. 5 23

Fig 5.24 Foyer on the first floor.dominated by the rich red drum of theauditorium incremental layer of plasterwas carefully scaped off to exposecrumbling weathered brickwork.

32

Thesis Report- Case Studies Revitalization of former Marine Polce Headquarters

5.6 Museum of Religious Art Renewal, Utrecht, TheNetherlandsBy Hubert-Jan Henket Architecten

Light-weight structures touching the old building lightly andgenerating new route within a medieval court

St. Catherine's Cathedral is part of the Museumof Religious Art, the other element of which is agrand eighteenth-century house on the other sideof the block. Here was the entrance to themuseum.

Strategy:

Due to the change of surrounding crculationpattern, the architect has redesigned an accessroute that leads the public from a thoroughfare tothe museum through the cloister and inner court.In order to allow public to get from one side of theblock to the other apart from the secure andtranquil spaces of the museum, a glass and metalbridge is created at first floor of the cathedral,making the whole space more legible. Also at thesame time, it provides a covered way, givingdirection and protection to the route to the inner

court.

Fig. 5. 25 New fine-honed timber & glass canopymodifies bluntness of the 18 century house

Fig. 5.26 The glass bridge across the cloister

A new wood and steel canopy was alsofdesigned to mark the main entrance and

provides caf area underneath. The lightweightstructure moderates the bluntness of the brickwall of the eighteenth-century house andtogether with the well-illuminated space, theinterior is much altered. A new tall windowallows sunlight penetrates into the stairwell andlift lobby that lead visitors to the upper floors of Fig. 5 27 Plan with new additionsthe house. At the other end in the cloister is a

33


new glass-enclosed lift and stair. The glass lift in its vertical transparent shaft providesan overview of the whole structure of the museum.

Appraisal:

Among the newcomposition, the glassbridge across thecloister is contrastingwith the Gothic wall ofthe cathedral. Theup-to-date constructionhas been used totransform and enhancethe existing building. Iffunctional requirementchange in future, thelight structure withmaterial like finelyhoned glass, steel andwood can allowsflexibility to change. Forthey touch the oldbuildings lightly, itcreates less influenceto heritage in futurealteration.

Fig 5.28 New caf with entrancebeyond and terrace to right

Fig. 5.30 Transparent lift relatesall cloister spaces and newroutes.

Fig. 531 Entrance & caf contrasts Fig. 5.32 In glass bridge; untouched southwith Cathedral on the left. wall of cathedral on the right.

34


5.7 Flagstaff House Museum of Tea Ware & The KS. LoGallery, Hong KongBy Dennis Lau & Ng Chun Man ArchitectsLtd. (The K.S. Lo Gallery)

New extension closely matches theclassical western style of the historicalbuilding

The Flagstaff House was constructed in 1844,this two storeyed edifice is the oldest domesticbuilding in Greek Revival style extant in HongKong. Over the years, it had undergone severalextensive renovations. In the 1860s, cast-ironposts were erected to support the verandahs.Major alternations took place before the Second

World War like the verandahs; shifted the main

door; a new central staircase and the additionalconcrete floors. The building was the office andresidence of the Commander of British Forces inHong Kong until 1978.

Fig. 5.35 Interior with Fireplace and display (right)

GIF Plan

1 PW,II.,._,,

Entrance

Musei Oflce Toilets

Fig. 533 South Faade of Flagstaff Tea House

-J- i ,r ,

-

Fig. 534 West Facade

Fia. 5.36 Pfans (belowl

1/F Plan

Thesis Report- Case Studies Revitalization of former MarIne Police Headquarters

Strategy:In 1981, Flagstaff House was put under themanagement of the Urban Council with a view toconvert the building into a museum devoted to thesubject of Chinese tea culture. The conversion wascarried out with three objectives. Firstly, the building /was to be structurally reinforced so that it would besafe to open to the public. Secondly, the interiorwas to be modified so that it could accommodated /the facilities necessary for a modern museum. -_.Thirdly, in view of it intrinsic architectural interest,the building was to be restored as far as possible toits original mid-nineteenth-appearance.

In 1995, a two-storeyed building of KS. Lo Gallerywas constructed adjacent to the Flagstaff HouseMuseum of Tea Ware which served as museumextension. The exterior of the KS. Lo Gallery isdesigned in a I Western style that harmonizing theGreek Revival style of the Flagstaff House; whileits interior setting and installation such as doors, 'windows, furniture and display cases are ntraditional Chinese style design, which is moreappropriate to the nature of tea ware display. Apartfrom the upper floor gallery for permanent display,the ground floor is furnished like a traditionalChinese teahouse, serves as a multi-purpose hallfor video programme.

Ert'

Fig. 5.39 Plans of the KS. LoGallery GIF Plan

Flagstaff HouseMuseum of Tea Ware

Fig 537 Flagstaff House is physicallyseparated with the KS. Lo Gallery

Fig. 5.38 Front entrance of the K. S. Lo Gallery

.-. Entra(Ke

1FF Plan

u, -

36


Appraisal:The Flagstaff house has been preserved as a typicalexample of western architecture in a style popular inHong Kong in the mid-nineteenth century, which at thesame time functions well as a modern museum. TheMuseum was opened in 1984 and was gazette ashistorical building under the Antiquities and MonumentsOrdinance. After the opening of the Hong Kong Park inlate May 1991, the Flagstaff House Museum of TeaWare becomes a major venue within the park.

The architect of the KS. Lo Gallery adopted a classicalapproach in designing the building, different from themethod of creating great contrast between new and oldstructure, it aims to achieve a harmony environmentwithin the context. However, due to the low profile ofexterior outlook and museum nature, this extensionusually over-looked by passerby. Besides the K.S. LoGallery is physically separated from the Museum forthe public for the advantage of avoiding extensiveaddition or alternation in heritage, this furtherweakened the dominance of the building.

Fig. 5.40 Stairs under skylight of The K. S. LoGallery

Fig. 5.41 Only a canopy added between (heoffice of Flagstaff House and the back door ofthe K. S. Lo Gallery

37


5.8 Hong Kong Visual Arts Centreby Wong Tung & Partners Ltd.

Modern annex with a metalframe spine and glass roofcontrast Ing with the formerCasse!s Block

The Hong Kong Visual Arts Centreis converted from the CasselsBlock at the former Victoria

Barracks- originally theaccommodation of the g8thRegiment in the 1840s. In 1900,the North Block was occupied bythe Royal Navy while the CasselsBlock served as a marriedquarters. During the Second WorldWar, the building was bombed andwas restored after the war. Sincethen, the primary purposes ofthese barracks were for theaccommodation and training ofreinforcements. In 1985, the formeUrban Council agreed to convert thEVictoria Barracks into a picturesquEHong Kong Park.

Fig. 5.42 West Faade of the former Victona Barracks, whichstepping down along slope

pis Ile,

jtLd.

Strategy:The Cassels Block with gracefularches in a garden setting is anelegant 19th century building and isworth preserving for its architecturalmert. To rejuvenate the building witha meaningful usage, the Architecthas modernised its interior, addedspecialist equipment and built amodern annex attaching to the oldbuilding. Bridges are connecting the

Fig. 5.43 The HK Visual Arts Centre situated in Hong Kong Park

, j-

--.

al.?aflfl- -

Fig. 5.44 Plan with additions

3


new and old part, above with a metalframe spine and glass roof is sandwichedbetween the roofs.

The existing block stepping down along aslope, space underground canaccommodate well- equipped studios andworkshops for practising sculptureprintmaking and ceramics.

Appraisal:Spaces of solid and voidcreating by the bridgesbetween the existing blockand the new extension,interesting visual linkageand interaction betweendifferent floor levels hasbeen enhanced. Theglass-roof and metal framespine gives a light andmodern feeling strongly

contrasting with the solidblocks at two sides, thecentral space becomes

Fig. 5.45 New extension and Mainentrance of the HK Visual Art centrecontrasts sharply with the old.

'TE.

't'l_

Fig. 546 The glass-roof andmetal frame spine

more lively with natural light flow from the above skylightand to the adjacent space.

Fig. 5,48 Bridges sandwichedbetween the exiting block and thenew extension

11

Fig. 5,47 The former exteriorVictorian wall has become party ofthe interior

1s'*

j

LA


5.9 Spatial Characters of Lan Kwai Fong

The Lan Kwai Fong Area is generally recognised as the L-shaped Lan Kwai Fong, WingWah Lane and D Aguilar Street. (fig. 5.49) Several physical characters generate uniqueatmosphere that makes the area successful and popular.

D Aguilar Street-- ;--I ' -tY4.W ____ q

______isaflI -..r't, flay LIS k**J

!

k.

,fi. - 11.H L

L -{___si u,____!: - _i --

Lan Kwai Fori Wing Wah Lane **t. . ,--

H- HIM I

WooOnLane'4

___Wefllngton Strs.t i'i

i ) Street with narrow width together with the low ormid-rise flanking buildings create an intimate spatialfeeling of street. People can easily access theopposite path and meet with others, this encouragesan intimate and cosy environment for socializing.

2) Changing slope of street allow different perspectiveof streets as people move around, instead of lookingothers' backs, the high degree of transparency coveysa sense of life along the street.

Fig. 5.49 Plan of Lan Kwai Fong

3) Street furniture like the reddish brown road paving, Fig. 5.504 'sense of life alongWestern style Street lamps, signage board, flags and me slope of streetbanners differentiate the area from surrounding.

40


4) Open design of bars and restaurantsallows merging interior space withthe street, ths encourages people toextend their activities outside, thewhole street indeed serve as anexterior living room' where people

gather

5) Pedestranization of Lan Kwai Fongcreates an open area for peop'e to gather,chat and socialize.

6) Sufficient critical mass of bars!restaurant and the convenience ofaccess at Central create an attractionto both locals and foreigners

Bibliography

Fig. 5.51 Mixing between interior of bar andexterior.

Fig 5,52 FIat Platform with open space for gathering andchatting

- Conservation of Brick, by Warren, J., 1999 Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann- Conservation of Historic Buildings Architectural Press, by Bernard M. Feuden- FosterAssociates Buildings and Projects 1983-1989, Edited by Ian Lambot, 1998- Historic Building Facades, The Manual for Maintenance and Rehabilitation, by New

York Landmarks Conservancy, Preservation Press & John Wiley & Son, Inc.,1997

- Hong Kong Flagstaff House Museum of Tea Ware by Hong Kong Urban Councul& Hong Kong Museum of Art

- Hong Kong Marine Police Station (1841-1950), by Ward lain, 1996- Good City Form, by Kevin Lynch, 1918-1984The Repair of Historic Buildings:

Advice on principles and methods, by Brereton C., London: English Heritage,1995- Research paper on The Traditional Buildings of the Pearl River Delta, China, in the

Ching Dynasty", by Holmes, T. J., 1994

4!

Thesis Report- Case Studies Revitalization of fotmer Marine Police Headguarters

- Masonry: How to care for old and Historic Brick and Stone, by London, M., ThePreservation Press. I 988

- Measured Drawings, Vol. 2 , by Wong, W. S & Llu, S. C 999- Planning Hong Kong for The 21 Century, edited by Anthony Gar-On Yeh, 1996- Practical Building Conservation Vol. .2 Brick, terracotta and earth & Vol. 3 Mortars,

by Ashust J. & Ashust, N., PubI. Gower Technical Press Ltd., 1998- Public Space, Conservation and Pedestrianisation in Macau, byAlison Cook &

John Hyslop, 2000- The Conservation of Cities, by Unesco, I 975- The Conservation of European Cities, by Donald Appleyard, I 979- TheFormerMarinePoliceHeadquarters-a HentageTounsmConcept, byCity

Planning Consultants Ltd. & Urbis Ltd., 1999- The Production of Space in Hong Kong, edited by Kowk Yan Chi Jackie, 1998

Government Publications- Action Programme ofTourism Commission, March 2001- Cultural Facilities- A Study on their Requirement and the Formulation of New

Planning Standards and Guidelines, Planning Department, 1999- HKSAR Press Release- Hong Kong Arts Development Council 5 Year Strategic Plan, 1996- Urban Renewal Strategy by Planning and Lands Bureau, July2001- Websites of Antiquities and Monuments Office, Government Property Agency,- PlanningDept.and Hong Kong Touristoard.

Journals- Architectural Record, August 1999- Architectural Review. June 2000- Architectural Review, April 2001- ArchitSOtural Record, August 2001- Architectural Review, September 2001- Built Environment Vol. 26 No.2, Urban Tourism, by Rob Macdonald,- HKIA Journal Issue No. 22, 24 and No. 25- Localculturalmagazine E+ EVolume1, autumn 2001

Appendices

AppendixA.

Measure DrawingsLformer Marine PoliceHeadquarters

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- Rise in water table or increasing saturation and pore waterpressure due to rainfall

Fig. I I Typical Changes n Water Table, Degree of Saturatkin (s) and Poe'e Water

Pressttre (u) due to Rainfall

Thesis-Technical Report Revitalization of former Marine Police Headquarters

6.0 Excavation Methods - Construction of Retailing Wall

Excavation works are often necessary in the construction of retaining walls.Cantilevered retaining walls such as diaphragm wall, sheet piling and boredpile wall are conventional bulk excavation methods. Cantilevered retainingwalls provide stability by virtue of the bending strength and stiffness of thecantilever. It is used for retention of excavated ground as it can be usedwhere space is restricted. Also t is particularly suitable when it can derivesupport from, and finally be incorporated nto and adjacent structure.Diaphragm walls and walls formed by closely-spaced reinforced concretepiles are usually incorporated into permanent structure.

Contitevered Retaining Walk

Bored Pie or Caisson Wail(may or may not be socketed n rock

(o) L-shoped CantileverRetoining Wall

(cl Reversed L- shaped CantileverRetaining Wall with Key

(b) Inverted T -shaped ConttteverRetaining Wall

Cd) Inverted 1-shaped CantileverRetaining Wall with Key

Fig. 12 Different types ofreinforced concrete Cantilevered Retaining Walls


6. 1 Advantages of Diaphragm Wall Construction- Diaphragm wall construction causes minimum noise and vibration

disturbance, this is important not to disturb the historical building.- Diaphragm wall is generally efficient in cost and construction time where it

can be used for both permanent and temporary subsoil retention for wallsof medium, and greater, depth

- The diaphragm walls allow effective transfer of vertical load from thebuilding superstructure to subsoil below basement level

6. 2 Disadvantages of diaphragm wall construction- Care must be taken to avoid loosening the finished surface, which may

lead to severe surface erosion and siltation. Trimming should be carriedout with light earthmoving equipment or by hand as appropriate.

- Impermeable wall may cause a rise in the local groundwater level, so thegroundwater level has to be monitored with caution.

Fig. 13 Development

L. j of diaphragm wallj/ excavation rigs1950s-1960s

- 4..-

r -;:"I

(i) Icos tripod rig,(ii) action of Elsebucket scraper(iii) excavation withbucket scraper;(iv) hydraulic grab,Kelly mounted;(y) rock chisel

Thesi-TechnicaI Report Revita/szaUon offormer Marine PoI;e Headquarters

'; Other than using bored pilet- 'i\ operated by mini pile rig,I-- J \ caissons waN might also beI

r;-1 more appropriate, while?

\\ having the heritage close toI

f 7 \ the excavation site. As it is-ili-t \ construction of hand-dug

: I \ \ - caissons with no heavy plant. p91- - v" required, and hence it gives

I \\, \\ less impact to the heritage,_:-i \ arid can be constructed in

I \ -i areas where access isI

difficult. Several caissonsk maybedugsimultaneouslyto-r- -. 1-;TA4r - ------;4 reduce construction time.

-t--- iI , However, it is a conventronal-:-;:TL practice in Hong Kong and

- . -: extra care to ensure safety- -.;, f, ----= during caisson construction is

]:i L -,- iL;i' needed, since there has beenPg 4 13 JOffiMW7IO accident happened before.gwyiR8n Sheet piling or steel planking

Fsg.14 Example of mini pile Mg suitable for wall is not suitable in thiscontiguous bored pile installation close to case, as it involvesexisting structure percussive work and might

give more vibrationdisturbance to the site.

7.0 Supervision & Control

Sufficient construction control by the designer, geo-technical engineers orengineering geologist during the excavation is important, in order to ensurethe safety and quality of work on site. Experienced site staff, good projectmanagement and the implementation of quality assurance procedures are allessential.

7.1 The most important aspects of supervision- Checking the validity of design assumptions, including identification of

significant differences between the actual ground conditions and thoseassumed in the design analyses

lo

Thesis-Technical Report Revitalization of former Manne Pailce Headquarters

- Checking to ensure that the construction is done in accordance with thedesign

- Undertaking inspections and compliance testing of the ground,compaction control tension of the backfill and other construction materials,to check that the requirement of the specifications are met

- Assessing the safety and adequacy of the methods used, and of theconstruction sequence, including temporary works, and the effects on thenearby structure and service.

- Identifying the need and impiemeriting appropriate for remedial measures,alterations to design, construction sequence and method etc.

- valuating the performance ofconstruction including diaphragm wall

7.2 MinimIze effect of VibrationsPile driving or the movement of heavy plant may cause ground vibrations andpossibly air vibrations. Have to avoid a detrimental effect on adjacentheritage buildings and slope stabilization measures that caused by groundvibrations. lt is important to monitor vibrations during pile driving and otherconstructional operations. a good quafity vibrograph (velocity seismograph) isrequired to measure and record in three mutually directions. Any damage canbe assessed and avoided with dilapidations survey carried out on nearbybuildings, and at regular intervals during construction. Ground vibrations andair blast during blasting can be effectively controlled by careful design of blasthole layout and limiting the weight of charge per delay.

7.3 Control of Groundwater tableAdequate groundwater control Lockb1 cver.measures should be implemented . Cte cover boxwhere appropriate. Piezometers

.

.

. Drn

should be installed and used during ,__' Stadpand after construction as to measure

pore pressure, monitor the effect of .Ct - bentonfle grout

drainage and achieve the desiredwater table level. There have been

erutonte ea1examples where inadequategroundwater control has caused Sandfailure oftemporary slopes, leading to Piezter tipexpensive remedial works. Therefore,monitoring of groundwater level indifferent stages of excavation

Fig. 15 Piezometer

process is important.

11

Thesis-Technical Reort Revitalization of former Marine Poilce Headquarters

When any potential adverse impact is found, excavation process would notcontinued until any the disturbance has been minimized.

\ SEA5ONL'NRESPON S E

sToR;'N.- Lfttle or Hone 2 -lti1tp1e Peaks 3 - Single Peak

E$PON5E NI

;

A Multiple

:

C - Single f..-Asymetra1 J\. i,,- ...-

Peak -'.., -- -.

- T

P P:

D - Slight _9_'- - _n _ _ _ _ -. - -/ - _9j:

T

PI p p

i 4 4E-None I ,-.-,. --.---_--

,r ' -., -

;:1_l T

LegendSeasonal repOflSe P Piezometric level * Storni eventStorm response T Time

Fig. 16TypicalPiezometrResponse

7.4 Placement and Compaction of BackfillThe backfill materials placed behind the diaphragm wall. such as drainagematerials and granular filter, shouid be compacted. Consideration should begiven to the functions that the backfill materials are required to perform. whenspecifying the degree of compaction for backfill. With higher degree ofcompaction, the stiffness properties and shear strength of the fill are higher,and with lower permeability.

12

Thesis-Technical Reort Revitalization offormer Marine Police Headquarters

7.5 Use of Prestressed ciround AnchorsPrestressed ground anchors can help in supporting the retaining walltemporary or form part of the permanent structure, or they may bedesigned to perform a dual function. However, the use of permanentground anchors imposes a long-term commitment on the maintenanceauthority or owner, which might involve appreciable recurrent cost. So itshould be used permanently only when other methods of providing therequired support are not practicable.

n r1all&

The obIen

bf dIWrIwa

LTi. oIiIIoi

________=zjU,vh wX

MeiTte ltd VrIn&flf or70(oe$ I p3b9 tfl

PINi

,

'Ex f ne

4.1 wa

may t7

[1Ei1 Q

3n&mueicc bvW\

Jo& wall tr

o IIl c,ee&o.'e ceseuc.d - sh- w LOW1

t1ir 1/

Fig.l7Arrangementofground anchors atre-entrant angles to retaining wails in plan

13


8.0 Excavating

For most excavation work, planning is important. Never let the equipmentstand idle while making a decision on where to start the next cut. Adequatestabihty should be ensured for each construction stage and movements,including temporary lateral support. Works also should not lead tounacceptable movements in nearby services land and structures of theheritage.

!fk

- - -

WFig. 18. Excavation Process with temporary lateral support

-

Top-down method using machine s recommended for the excavation process,but precautionary measures also have to taken into account, for examples inthe condition of this heritage site surrounded by busy traffic flow and the needof temporary covered walkway for pedestrian. If situation does not allowheavy machine to be operated in the site, hand operated jack-hammer areused to minimise the impact to surrounding, but with longer time and largercost is needed.

14


-

-

-

Fig. 19 Consideration of busyPedestrian flow along SalisburyRoad in excavation work isneeded.

Fig. 20 The existing maturetrees on site provide a greenzone to the area and should tryto keep and protect most ofthem.

8.1 Temporary lateral supportWhere lateral support to an excavation is to be removed, this should be doneprogressively as placement and compaction of fill material proceeds. lt shouldensure that the stability of the adjacent ground is maintained, and to avoiddisturbance to compacted backfill, filter and drainage materials. Where lateralsupport is to be left within the permanent structure, the effect of local transferof stresses onto the retaining wall should be carefully evaluated.

8.2 DrainageThe effect of rainfall in reducing the stability of slopes in Hong Kong hasoccurred. The provision of adequate drainage on excavation is thereforeimportant. Before excavation commences, concrete-lined drainage channelsshould be planned and constructed around the crest of the proposedexcavation to collect runoff from above the excavation. Ponding on thesurface of the excavation should be prevented in during construction.

Thesis-Technica/ Report Revitalization of former Marine Police Headquarters

8.3 ExIsting trees on siteFor keeping a pleasant green zone to the area of Southern Tsim Sha Tsui,most of the existing mature trees on the site are kept, arid they would alsoenhances slope stability apart from adds considerably to the landscapeamenity. The tree should be carefully protected or even transplanted beforeand during excavation process.

Fig. 21 Temporaiy tree brace for

protection

\ a'k

'I' .:'i

'

Fig. 22 Batling a free before

The very fine root hairs arevital to the life of a tree andthey are easily destroyed bydrying. Transplanting is bestdone on cloudy days withlittle wind or in rain. A trenchis dug around the tree,about 4 to 6 inches out ofeach inch of trunk diameter.Roots are cut off flush withthe inner wall of the trench.Care must be taken toprotect the bark againstinjury from attaching lines.The ball is then rocked backonto the platform andwrapped with the burlap.They may be dragged to anearby destination, orwinched up on a rock ortrailer for longer move.

Fig. 23 Transplanting tree withshovel dozer transplantation

16


9.0 Treatment of Cut Slopes

For the area with Fig.24 showing different stability method in a typicalSlope Profile without situation

Weak material triimduse of retaining Reirforcthg oars / back and replaced withor mesh lapped reinforced concretewalls, the cut slopes bars-,

should be designed epholes atto the factor of kitervals feriteri,ittent seepagisafety. In the case ofsoil overlying rock,the slope can besteeper through therock than throughthe soil. Afterexcavation, most

Filter layer formed ofsandbags or graded filterLongitudinal drainfor steady seepage

L Structural facingkeyed or dowelledat base

DETAIL OF DENTlTlOI

Weephol ei.

rock slopes need Dowelssome form oftreatment to ensurecontinued stability,methods like

Rockdentition, sprayed anchorsconcrete, rock bolts,dowels, scaling and

cc linedbuttresses (see drainhole -fig.24) can be used.

Formation level

10.0 Treatment after Excavation

Immediately after excavation looseblocks should be removed fromexposed rock faces. Potentiallyunstable blocks should be removedfrom exposed rock faces. Potentiallyunstable blocks should be removedwith care to prevent further looseningof the face in the process of scaling.The existing retaining wall by thepedestrian path can be taken downafter excavation work

V '

- Sprayed

IoIr05 ofi low shear

.;_Si- ,jjtrenRth

.,/ '-Fault zone

.

----

j

\

Fig. 25 Apart from manual, a scalingmachine can also be used for removingunstable blocks.

17

Thesis-TechniCaIBPort Revitlizptjon of former Marine Police Headquarters

10.0 Long Term Maintenance and inspection

Regular inspections and maintenance are essential for the continued stabilityof slopes. Piezometer readings shourd be included in the inspection to givecontinued monitor on the groundwater conditions. The amount ofmaintenance required and the physical labour involved can be reduced bycareful design and dethiling, also with the designer ensuring thatrecomniendations for maintenance are foi lowed.

Bibliography

- Deep Excavation -A practical manual, by Malcolm Puller. Thomas Telford,I 996

- Excavation and Grading Handbook, by Nick Capachi, Craftsman BookCompany, 1987

- Excavation Planning Reference Guide, by McGraw Hill Inc. U.S.A, 1976- Geotechriical Manual for Slopes, by Geotechnical Engineering Office,

Civil Engineering Department, H.K., 1994.. Guide to Retaining Wall Design, by Geotechnical Engineering Office, Civil

Engineering Department. H.K., 1994- Modem Techniques of Excavation, by H.L. Nichols, North Castle, 1956

18

Revitalization of former Marine Police Headquart rs

Part Ill Special Study ReportStudy of Shopping Spaces

in Hong Kong

Supervisor: Prof. Patrick S.S. Lauby Wan Ngar Yee Queenie (MArch lI)

Ths/s Reoft-SDec!a! Stujy Revitalization of formerMarine Police Headquarters

C O N T E N T s

I .0 Introduction: Objective & Nature of investigation -

2.0 The development of shopping places in Hong Kong 2

2.1 TradItional Retail Node 2

2.1 1 Street as a Market 3212 Pre-war Shop-houses 32.1 3 Market-place 32.14 Spata1 Characteristics and Urban settings 3

2.2 Fading out of Traditional Retad Business 4

2.21 CentralIzed retail setting- Shopping Malls 52.22 An Interior City -Mega Malls! Entertainment Complex i223 Commercial-PodIum with Residential-towers 82.24 Tourists as new nature of Client 82.2$ Spatial Characterizes of Shopping Centres 82.26 Benefits of Shopping Complexes 92.27 Deficiencies of Inward Shopping Complexes setting 10

3.0 Case Studies 113.1 Festival Watk Shopping Centre, Hong Kong 113.2 Covent Garden Market, London 143.3 Porches, Bologna 16

4.0 Justification ofiinanciat Sustainability 18

5.O Conclusions:5.1 Conclusion from Study 185.12 Influence to the design 20

Bibliography

Thesis Report-Special Study Revitalization of former Marine Police Headquarters

1.0 Objectives & Nature of Investigation

"The Shopping Place has been instrumental in creating novel and ingenioushardware for the definition, protection and enclosure of public space."1

One of the integral components of revitalizing the historical site of the formerMarine Police Headquarters is the programme of retail. The activity ofshopping acts an important mediator to drive movement up to the elevatedproposed site, and turning the site into an intermediate nodal point to tie upwith other large shopping magnets within the urban context of Southern TsimSha Tsui. Conservation implies a form of continuity with past and demandssome acknowledgement that even the newest development to some extent.lt would be helpful to investigate different types of retail culture developmentin Hong Kong, how the trench within the urban fabric changed with the needof the society through time. This report aimed to investigate the advantages,spatial manifestations and characteristics of different shopping settings andculture in Hong Kong, in order for the application the thesis design, also bylooking at case studies in local and overseas in terms of their spatialtreatment. Followed by justifying the financial sustainability and feasibility ofdeveloping the project, as one of the aims of the thesis is to sustain the

Fig. 1, 1 Aerial Photo of the site of former Marine Police Headquarters

Shopping Malls: Planning and Design. by Maitland, Barry, London-construction Press, 1985

Thesis- Special Study Report Revitalization of former Marine Police Headquarters

2.0 DevelopmentPlace in Hong Kong

of Shopping

2.1 Traditional Retail Node

2. 11 Street as a MarketMobile hawker-stalls n open-air street marketswere the earliest form of concentrated shoppingfacilities. Vibrant activities found in the traditionalretail nodes in Hong Kong were arouse out theintricate mix of physical and social setting in theearly of 20th Century. Temple Street, LadiesStreet, Li Yuen Street, Pottering Street, CatStreet and Ladder Street were among theexamples with aligned and continuous rows ofshops selling the similar kind of goods.

For the spatial arrangement of street market,Alexander claimed that Shopping spacedepends on access: they need locations nearmajor traffic arteries. However, they shoppersthemselves don't benefit from traffic: they needcomfort and convenience, and access from thepedestrian paths in the surrounding area",2 Heencouraged local shopping centers to grow in theform of short pedestrian street, at right angles tomajor roads and opening off these roads. Thesuccess of similar setting of the street markets inHong Kong supports his theory. (fig. 2.4)

major road

JL JtL.I)_: shopping strect

irFig. 2.4 The way Alexander suggested shopping street at rightangles to major roads.

---

Fig. 2. 1 Hawker-stalls in open-air market

- D#

I.

,-II'v

-.>--,

Fig. 2. 2 Potter Street, central

Fig. 2.3 Li Yuen East Street, central

2 A pattern language, by Christopher Alexander, Oxford UniversityPress, 1977

Thesis- Special Study Report Revitalization of former Marine Police Headquarters

2. 12 Pre-war Shop-housesThe verandah-type shop-house is 4-storey building with arcades along the streetand verandah above; it was the prevalent urban built form before the Second WorldWar. The ground floor is used as a shop or workplace, as it had a vertical clearanceof 5m, mezzanine floors were mainly for storage. This type of uShophouse isfeatured by the proximity of workspaces and living. However, building ordinancesprohibited arcades after war, and other new building types took over it. There aresome shop-houses remained at present in the older urban areas such as Wanchaiand Sheung Wan.

Fig. 25 The verandah-type pre-war housesin Wanchai

L'I.-

Fg 2.6 The dry food stores in Sheung Wan

2. 13 Market-placeGovernment-built multi-storey markets gradually replaced many retailing functionof street markets. There are some wholesale markets

Documents

Revitalization of former marine headquarter