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RIL: POLICY AND IMPLEMENTATION
By
Frederick Kugan, Albert M. Radin, Paul Leo Lohuji, Raubin Gampilok
Sabah Forestry Department
Asia-Pacific Workshop Reduced Impact Logging: Challenges, Opportunities and Strategies in
the Emerging Forest Carbon Economy Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
3-4 May 2012
OUTLINE
Logging and contribution to state’s economics
Logging Impacts State Forestry Policy Sustainable Forest management Why RIL? RIL implementation in Sabah Challenges Achievements What Next?
LOGGING AND CONTRIBUTION TO STATE’S ECONOMICS
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1,000.00 1,500.00 2,000.00 2,500.00 3,000.00 3,500.00 4,000.00 4,500.00 5,000.00
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RM
(Mill
ions
)
State Revenue (RM) Forest Revenue (RM)
1879 Logging started in
Sabah 1962
Mechanized logging 1900
Logging intensified 1980
State revenue from timber average 50% per year with highest in 1987 (70%).
1990’s Adoption of SFM
concept in 1997 Production based on
AAC.
LOGGING IMPACTS Logging damage inflicted on the residual forests = 60% (Tay,
2002)
STATE FORESTRY POLICY
SFM – 1997 Sustainable Forest Management License
Agreement, 50 – 100 years RIL – 2010 Certification – 2014
SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT
Class Type of Forest Reserve
Approximate Area (Ha)
Class I Protection Forest 364,794.17
Class II Commercial Forest 2,665,886.00
Class III Domestic Forest 7,355.00
Class IV Amenity Forest 21,283.77
Class V Mangrove Forest 320,521.56
Class VI Virgin Jungle Reserve 92,400.70
Class VII Wildlife Reserve 132,653.00
Grand Total: 3,604,894.20
Sector Planning 3.6 M ha under Permanent Forest
Reserve
SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT
Management Level
Planning Horizon
Major Components
Forest Sector 10 – 20 years • Forest Sector Plan • Forest Policy • Legislation
Forest Management Unit (FMU)
5 – 10 years • Management Planning • Monitoring and Evaluation • EIS
Compartment annual • Implementation (RIL, ITP etc.)
• Resource Accounting
SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT Sector Planning
SFMLA (Sustainable Forest Management License Agreement)
ANIKA DESIRAN SDN BHD
BENTA WAWASAN SDN BHD
BORNEO SULAMAN COVE SDN BHD
BORNION TIMBER SDN BHD
ECO-PLANTATIONS SDN. BHD.
FIRST GREENWORLD SDN. BHD.
IDRIS HYDRAULIC (MALAYSIA) BHD
JABATAN PERHUTANAN SABAH
K.M. HYBRID PLANTATION SDN BHD
KTS PLANTATION SDN BHD
LEBIHASIL SDN. BHD.
LEMBAGA TABUNG HAJI
MAXLAND SDN. BHD.
RAKYAT BERJAYA SDN. BHD.
SABAH FOREST INDUSTRIES SDN BHD
SAPULUT FOREST DEVELOPMENT SDN BHD
THE NORTH BORNEO TIMBER CORPORATION BHD
TIMBERWELL BHD
TOP QUANTUM SDN. BHD.
TSH RESOURCES BHD
SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT
Forest Management Planning Zoning
Production Protection Conservation Community Forestry
Yield Regulation AAC determination Current stock Cutting cycle Cutting regime MAI
Management Prescriptions
Etc.
SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT
Compartment Level AWP (Annual Work
Plan) Production
NFM (Natural Forest Management) RIL
ITP (Industrial Tree Plantation)
Silviculture Tree Improvement Etc.
Comprehensive Harvesting Plan
WHY RIL? Environmentally & socially
acceptable Reduced logging impact by 50%
compared to conventional Economically feasible
Lower rehabilitation costs RM 300/ha compared to RM 5,000/ha
Shorter cutting cycle Physically possible
Technically implementable Availability of machineries
Consistent with sustainable harvesting principles.
WHY RIL? SUSTAINABLE HARVESTING PRINCIPLE
Commitment to long-term sustainable provision of products and services, Maintenance of environmental integrity in harvesting planning and implementation, Consultation on all issues with all effected stakeholders, including those recognized under customary laws of the countries concerned, Effective implementation and control of harvesting operations with predetermined guidelines and benchmarks, Comprehensive harvest planning, Thorough post-harvest assessment and communication of results to the planning team and to harvesting personnel, Development of a competent and properly trained and motivated workforce.
RIL IMPLEMENTATION IN SABAH
1992 • RIL Project – Pilot Carbon Project in YS area, sponsored by NEP.
1995 • RIL inception in Deramakot F.R.
• Ground based (crawler tractors) and skyline were used
1996
• Seminar on Forest Harvesting in Renaissance Hotel, Sandakan. • RIL adopted for statewide implementation in phases. • RIL Training for SFD-YS Core Trainers
1997 • RIL Training for RIL Supervisors and Machine Operators.
1998
• KTS Plantation Sdn. Bhd. • First Edition of RIL Guide. • System and Work Procedures for Monitoring RIL.
2000 • RIL implementation in all SFMLAs, except YS areas.
RIL IMPLEMENTATION IN SABAH
2001 • Second Edition of RIL Guide book.
2003 • RIL incentive, royalty rebate = RM 10/m3 (local processing
only)
2004 • Helicopter Logging was introduced to extract timber from steep
areas in YS and BW.
2006 • Malua F.R.
• SFD-YS RIL Technical Committee was formed. • Success RIL implementation on an area of app. 26,000 ha within 1 year.
• Logfisher was introduced
2009 • Third edition of RIL Guide book incorporate guidelines for
helicopter and logfisher.
RIL IMPLEMENTATION IN SABAH
2010 • RIL implementation in all
Commercial Forest Reserves • RIL Stage 1
2011 • RIL implementation in all
Commercial Forest Reserves • Full RIL
CHALLENGES
Reluctant to change by Logging Operators RIL introduced in 1995 - Full RIL implementation in
2011 (16 years) Cost and economic consideration delayed
implementation.
CHALLENGES
High Skills Requirement Compared with other
areas of work, RIL requires a combination of various skills and knowledge, such as forestry science, road engineering, surveying, economics and administration. Only by working as a group of diverse skills enable RIL be carried out efficiently.
Timber Feller RIL Operator Certificate Tractor Operator RIL Operator Certificate Logfisher Operator RIL Operator Certificate Chockermen RIL Operator Certificate Supervisor RIL Supervisor Certificate
Planner RIL Supervisor Certificate, or RIL Harvest Planner Certificate
Manager RIL Supervisor Certificate, or RIL Harvest Planner Certificate
Auditor RIL Supervisor Certificate, or RIL Harvest Planner Certificate
CHALLENGES
Low Log Price - Disincentive
Location Mean Duncan
DFR1 287.9 ab
Sipitang, Sabah1 214.3 a
Pen. Malaysia2 616.5 c
Table 3. Log Price (RM/m3) at ex-stumping for Deramakot Forest Reserve (DFR), Sipitang, Sabah and Peninsular Malaysia (year 2000 as the base year).
Source: 1SFD. 2000. 2MTIB Note: Mean with the same letter is not significant at 5 percent confident level according to Duncan Multiple Range Test.
CHALLENGES
High Operations Cost Average cost of RIL operation RM190 per m3 Vs
RM105 per m3 for conventional logging1. These additional costs were incurred from the
planning activities2 directional felling and the hauling activities3.
Apart from this, the cost on training was also reported to be contributing to the cost component.
1 Ahmad Saibi, 2003 2 Killman, 2001 3Tay, 2001
CHALLENGES
Low Productivity Discounting HCVF and environmental concern Logged over forests.
Productivity range from13.6 m3/ha to 16.07 m3/ha for dbh > 60 cm.
Bad planning causes lower production.
ACHIEVEMENTS
Deramakot Success SFM model.
Forest condition 70% logged over
AAC = 17,000 m3
The initiatives include improving log prices, operations costs reduction, and increasing harvesting volume.
Deramakot has made its first profit in 2002 and continued until now.
This episode is an important testimony that proves that RIL can be practiced either technically or economically.
(6.00)
(4.00)
(2.00)
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2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
1993
19
94
1995
19
96
1997
19
98
1999
20
00
2001
20
02
2003
20
04
2005
20
06
2007
20
08
2009
20
10
Mill
ions
EXPENDITURE (RM)
REVENUE (RM) - ROUND LOGS
Accomplishment of Full RIL Implementation Statewide Despite of many
challenges as been discussed before, the full implementation of RIL has finally been realized in 2011. At present 19 licensees are actively pursuing RIL.
ACHIEVEMENTS
-
50
100
150
200
250
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2012
Area
(Tho
usan
ds h
a)
Total Area under RIL (ha)
Year
ACHIEVEMENTS
Biodiversity (Mannan et al., 2008) RIL can maintain the richness and
composition of the canopy tree community at a level equivalent to the pristine forest.
RIL could maintain the richness, density and composition of soil macro fauna includes the important decomposers that function in nutrient cycling and sustain tree growth.
RIL maintained a higher abundance of flying insects compared to conventional logging.
The study demonstrate that a significant higher orangutan nest density in RIL forest compared to in the surrounding forests.
Where are the Orang-Utans?
Heartland of the Orang-Utan 8,500 individuals or 75% of Sabah’s Orang-Utan population. They are all in well managed areas.
Findings are based on Rapid Assessment of Orang-Utan Distribution and Density carried out by WWF-Malaysia
ACHIEVEMENTS
Potential Carbon A difference of 33 ton of carbon per ha - positive
effect added by RIL (Deramakot) Assumption: 200,000 ha (10 years) = 6.6 mil ton of
carbon The implementation of RIL was possible to retain
an extra 25-45 tonnes of carbon/ha two (2) years after logging, rising to 90 tonnes of carbon/ha after 40 years as a result of improved regeneration (NEP).
ACHIEVEMENTS Provide Adequate Trained Personnel
Training conducted through the Sabah Forestry Institute: i) RIL Training for Trainers, ii) RIL Training for Supervisor, iii) RIL Training for Machine Operators, iv) RIL Training for Managers, v) RIL Training for DFO, vi) Training Course on SPKP RIL (System and Work Procedure for Monitoring RIL), and vii) Training Course on Map Accuracy Testing.
As of November 2011, a total of 4,431 people from the private sector and SFD trained. Periodic holding of workshops, seminars, talks on RIL etc.
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
YEAR
DFO
Supervisor
SPKP RIL
Manager
Machine Operator
ACHIEVEMENTS Efficient Control and Monitoring
Skilled workers, RIL Guidebook and System and Work Procedures for
Monitoring RIL. RIL Compliance
A third party independent auditor began Jun 2010
SFD also formed its own SFM team to conduct monitoring and surveillance of field activities.
177 audit reports 69 reports on CHP and 107
reports on RIL Operations 14 CHP contractors and 21 RIL
contractors CHP (93%) RIL Operation (96%)
ACHIEVEMENTS
RIL Compliance (performance based on monthly audits)
CHP Contractor performance. RIL Logging Contractor performance.
ACHIEVEMENTS RIL Compliance
The audit findings however revealed some major and minor gaps, which need to be further improved in order to maintain the RIL quality at the upmost level. Among the frequent gaps encountered by the auditor were roads and streams for CHPs and Daily Felling Records for RIL Operations.
Frequency of CHP Gaps. Frequency of RIL Operations Gaps.
ACHIEVEMENTS
Enforcement As an effort to close
the GAPs, the Department has imposed penalties on related offences. To date, a total worth of RM 337,600.00 fines were imposed onto 14 contractors for having violated the license agreement associated with forest harvesting rules.
Company Penalty (RM)
Year 2010 - 2011
Eramewah Sdn Bhd 5,000.00 KTS Plantation Sdn Bhd 5,000.00 Maju Sinar Sdn Bhd 18,000.00 Takat Bistari 5,000.00 Tamabina Sdn Bhd 10,500.00 Teguh Wajar Sdn Bhd 10,000.00 Winmore Development Sdn Bhd 13,000.00 TSH Bhd. 15,000.00 Sabah Forest Industries Sdn. Bhd. 15,000.00 Makmuran Sdn. Bhd. 5,000.00 Java Industries 50,000.00 Asiatic Lumber Industries Sdn. Bhd. 156,000.00 Melati Optimis Sdn. Bhd. 25,100.00 Am Permai Sdn. Bhd. 5,000.00 Grand Total 337,600.00
ACHIEVEMENTS
Rebate System Realizing the additional burden of the licensees due
to RIL, the government has introduced a rebate system on royalty on all RIL harvested logs. A rebate of RM10 per m3 will be refunded to the timber contractor/licensee as a form of incentive for having RIL compliance.
ACHIEVEMENTS RIL Contractors
In year 2003, the Sabah Forestry Department imposed a condition that all RIL contractors, i.e. CHP Contractor and RIL Logging Contractor, have to be registered with the Sabah Forestry Department in order to: Ensure that only contractors who are trained in RIL carry out the
Comprehensive Harvesting Plan (CHP) preparation and RIL logging operations works,
Create RIL contractor information management system, Facilitate the monitoring and control of CHP quality and RIL
logging operations, Facilitate the delivery of information and technology transfer in
forest harvesting. Presently there are 27 companies registered as RIL logging
contractor, 17 companies registered as CHP contractors and 4 companies registered as both RIL logging and CHP contractors.
ACHIEVEMENTS
Forest Certification Deramakot FR (1997) KTS Plantation Sdn. Bhd.
(2010) Tangkulap (FMU 17A) Ulu Segama-Malua 900,000 ha under some
form of certification 390,000 ha FSC certified 57,000 ha MTCS/PEFC
Certified Others (VLC, VLO)
WHAT NEXT?
RIL database development Forest Certification
All SFMLA areas to be certified by the year 2014 C-RIL Opportunities
Sabah REDD+ roadmap National Forest Inventory (NFI 5)
Carbon mapping Monitoring of forest changes
UNDP-GEF project – Carbon financing
