Upload
alexandra-roberts
View
212
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
WORLD WAR II
Rise of DictatorsStalin’s Soviet Union
a. Economic Plans1. Huge collective farms
2. Starvation & rationing
3. Pushed industrialization more
b. Reign of Terror1. Purges – removed enemies &
undesirables
2. Show trials – always guilty
3. Millions killed or put in camps
Fascism in Italy
i. Benito Mussolini’s Fascist Party
ii. Appointed Prime Minister
iii. Suspended elections
iv. Began conquests – Ethiopia
Hitler’s Rise to Power
i. Served in WWI – injured
ii. Hated Versailles Treaty
Nazi Party
i. National Socialist German Workers Party
ii. Nov. 1923 – 3000 followers tried to overthrow
iii. Fail, jailed
iv. Wrote “Mein Kampf”1. Wanted German Homeland
2. Aryan Race – Blonde hair/blue eyes
Hitler Becomes Chancellor
i. 1932 – made by Hindenburg
ii. Suspended free speech and press
iii. Brown shirts – Nazi thugs quiet opposition
iv. 1934 – Pres too = Der Fuhrer
Rearms and Expandsi. Secretly began rearming
ii. Built autobahn
iii. Army began taking over land
iv. Allied with Italy = Axis Powers
Spanish Civil War
i. Several parties fought for power
ii. Nationalist lead by Gen. Franco
iii. Dictatorship
iv. Germany helped Franco
Europe Goes to WarInvasion of Polandi. Hitler & Stalin sign Non-Aggression Pact
ii. 9/1/39 – Hitler invades Poland
iii. 9/3 – UK & France declare war
iv. German blitzkrieg – lightening war
v. Fast, concentrated air and land attack
War in the West
i. Poland fell, war stopped
ii. Sitzkrieg – sit down war
iii. Maginot Line – French fortification line
France Falls
i. 4/9/40 – Attack Denmark & Norway
ii. Went around Maginot
iii. 6/22 – France surrenders to Germany
iv. Vichy France – Nazi control
v. Bottom ¼ - Gen de Gaulle & resistance
vi. Allies – France, UK, USA
Battle of Britain
i. Luftwaffe attacks London
ii. Royal Air Force (RAF) attacks Berlin
iii. Heavy bombing, much death, destruction
iv. Britain hid in subway
v. Kids shipped to countryside
Japan Builds an EmpireGrowing Military Power
i. 1920s – recession
ii. Military began influencing politics
iii. Invaded and took Manchuria from China
iv. Puppet State
War Against China
i. 1937 invaded China
ii. Rape of Nanjing – 100,000 killed
iii. US wanted Japan to stop
iv. UK helped China fight back
v. 1940 – Japan joined Axis
US Chooses Neutrality
i. 1930’s – Neutrality Acts
ii. Prevented trade with countries at war
iii. Europe and Asia fell to war
iv. US watched
Americas Involvement Growsiv. Revised Neutrality Acts
v. Gave aid to UK and France
vi. Most wanted “all aid short of war”
vii. FDR wins 3rd election
viii. Lend-Lease = send aid now, get back later
Japan Attacks!!!i. Sunday, December 7, 1941
@ 7am
ii. Radar saw planes “Don’t worry”
iii. After 3 hours1. 2400 killed
2. 200 planes destroyed
3. 18 warships sunk
iv. 12/8 – US declares war
US Mobilization
i. Selective Training and Service Act
ii. 16 million called GIs – Government Issue
iii. 25,000 NA – code talkers
iv. Tuskegee Airmen – All AA units
v. 350,000 women
The War Economy
i. Office of War Mobilization
ii. Stopped consumer goods
iii. Started war goods
iv. Ford – B-24 bombers
v. Paid by taxes and bonds
Daily Life
i. Shortage of consumer goods
ii. Food stamps & rationing
iii. Food needed for troops
iv. Victory Gardens
v. Spent money on other thingsi. Baseball, music, movies
American’s Join In
i. US & UK fought U-Boats in Atlantic
ii. 20 U-Boats = Wolf Pack
iii. Sunk 175 ships in June 1942
North Africai. Feb 1941
ii. Hitler sends Gen. Rommel “Desert Fox”
iii. US Gen Eisenhower fought back
iv. Nazi lost in 1943
Italyi. US invaded Italy next under Gen.
Patton
ii. Mussolini arrested, new govt. set
iii. Nazi pushed out by April 1945
Soviet Unioni. German blitzkrieg & Luftwaffe
ii. Nazi began to take over
iii. Stalin called for help, US did
iv. Battle of Stalingrad (Sept 1942)i. Red Army took advantage of winter
ii. Losses: Germany 33,000, Red – 1 million
Allied Air War
i. RAF’s carpet bombing – 3000 planes
ii. 1000’s of civilians killed
Invasion of Western Europei. Operation Overlord by Gen. Marshall
ii. D-Day June 6, 1944
iii. Ships, planes attack Normandy, France
iv. Able to liberate France
v. Battle of the Bulgei. Small US units took West Europe
War Endsi. Soviets fought to Berlin in 1945
ii. Hitler refuses to leave city
iii. Underground bunker with wife
iv. Suicide April 30th
v. Germany surrenders May 8th
vi. VE Day
Yalta Conference
i. Feb 1945
ii. Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin
iii. Split Germany in 4
iv. Berlin too (deep in USSR)
v. Stalin promised to end war with Japan
vi. Didn’t keep promise
The Holocausti. Aryans – Germanic People
ii. Semites – Middle Eastern/Jews
iii. Anti-Semitism – hatred of Jews
iv. Hitler believed in Aryan superiority
Persecution in Germanyi. 1933 – Anti-Semitism became law
ii. 33-45 – 6 million Jews killed
iii. Other groups (6 mil) suffered too
Nazi Policiesi. Jews lost citizenship, fired, sell
business
ii. Define “Jew” – 3 of 4 grandparents
iii. “Sarah” and “Israel”
iv. Forced to wear Star of David
Kristallnachti. Most Jews believed they would endure
ii. November 9, 1938
iii. SS destroyed all Jew stores, houses, temples
iv. “Night of Broken Glass”
v. Forced to ghettos
Einsatzgruppeni. Mobile killing squads in Russia
ii. Jews and Communists dug own graves
iii. Shot by Nazi soldiers
iv. Wannsee Conference 1942
v. Wanted Final Solution
Death Camps – Part 1i. Zyklon B – pesticide
ii. Shower rooms that expelled gas
iii. 6 camps in Poland became Death Camps
iv. Used cattle trains to move people
Death Camps – Part 2
i. Auschwitz & Dachau = worst
ii. 2 lines – Work or Die
iii. Gas Chamber -> furnace
iv. Alive – shaved, tattoo, work
Death Camps – Part 3
i. Hard work, little food, disease, brutality
ii. Torture and medical experiments
iii. 12,000 gassed a day
Rebellion, Rescue, & Liberationi. Some Jews fought back
ii. Worked for a moment
iii. US knew in 1942 – did nothing
iv. Troops found camps in 1945
v. Photographed everything!
vi. No idea what they were seeing
Nuremberg Trialsi. 24 Nazi leaders tried for crimes against
humanity
ii. 12 got death penalty
iii. Israel still finding and trying Nazi criminals
War in the Pacifici. Japan took over much of East Asia
ii. POWs tortured, marched for days
iii. Ship battles, many attacks
iv. Fought on islands – Island hopping
v. Kamikazes – suicide planes
vi. Japanese in US put in internment camps
Iwo Jima and Okinawai. Two major battles
ii. Iwo Jima – 25,000 deaths, 27 medal of honor
iii. Famous flag picture
iv. Okinawa – huge allied fleet, fought kamikazes
v. 50,000 dead
Manhattan Project
i. To develop atomic bomb
ii. Truman made decision to drop to save lives
iii. 8/6/45 – 1st bomb on Hiroshima
iv. 80,000 killed, 90% of city leveled
v. August 14th – Japan surrenders