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Romeo and Juliet
Many thanks to Jennifer Alexander for much of this
powerpoint!
Study Tips Be able to put events in the order in which they happen Be able to match up characters with a description of
each (example: Balthasar was the servant who told Romeo of Juliet’s “death”)
Be able to match quotes to the character who said them Be able to answer true or false for statements about the
setting and action of the story Be able to match a quotation to the corresponding
scheme or trope: apostrophe, assonance, allusion, blank verse, catologue, consonance, foreshadowing, dramatic irony, imagery, onomatopoeia, oxymoron, alliteration, allusion, metaphor, personification, simile, verbal irony, sonnet
Literary Terms & Ideas
I. PlotII. Figures of Speech
Outline of the plot structure
• Exposition• Rising action and exciting force
(Romeo attends Capulet ball)• Climax (deaths of Mercutio and
Tybalt and the banishment of Romeo)
• Falling action (Juliet takes potion)• Resolution
Literary Terms
Oxymoron
Oxymoron: contradictory terms are combined.
Example: “Brawling love”, “loving hate”, “heavy lightness”
OnomatopoeiaDefinition:When a word expresses the sound.
Example:Plunk, hist!, splash
AllusionDefinition:a reference to a character, place, or
situation from another work of literature, music, or art.
Example:reference to mythological characters such as
Diana, goddess of chastity, and Phaeton the son of the sun god are literary allusions
ForeshadowingDefinition:the use of clues by an author to prepare
readers for events that will happen later in the story.
Example: Juliet sees Romeo “at the bottom of a
grave” when he leaves her to flee to Mantua
Dramatic IronyDefinition:a term used to talk about a contrast
between reality and what seems to be real.
Examples:Romeo’s suicide while Juliet is still really alive.Capulet’s plan to arrange Juliet’s marriage
when she is already married.Juliet’s balcony scene speech when Romeo is
listening
Verbal IronyDefinition:A contradiction of expectation between what
is said and what is meant Verbal irony is implied and refers to spoken words only
Example:"Yet Brutus says he was ambitious;And Brutus is an honourable man“ (Julius Caesar)
Mark Antony really means that Brutus is dishonourable
Shakespearean Sonnet
Definition:A 14-line verse form having 3 quatrains
(sets of four lines that go together), ending with a couplet (a pair of lines), and having an ababcdcdefefgg rhyme scheme.
Example:The Prologue in Romeo and Juliet
SimileA figure of speech in which two
fundamentally unlike things are explicitly compared, usually in a phrase introduced by like or as
Example:She was as white as snow
PersonificationDefinition: representation of a thing or abstraction as a
person or by the human form Example:Juliet: By whose direction found’st thou out
this place?Romeo: By love, that first did prompt me to
inquire.He lent me counsel, and I lent him eyes.
(2.2.84-86)
OxymoronDefinition:a combination of contradictory or
incongruous words Example:cruel kindnessold friends… that I barely knew (F.
Scott Fitgerald)
ImageryDefinition:Words or phrases that appeal to the five
senses
Juliet: “… in a vault, an ancient receptacleWhere for this many hundred years the
bonesOf all my buried ancestors are packed;Where bloody Tybalt, yet but green in earthLies festering in his shroud…” (4.3.40-44)
Dramatic IronyDefinition:In literature, this is a plot device in which the
audience’s or reader’s knowledge of events or individuals surpasses that of the characters. The words and actions of the characters therefore take on a different meaning for the audience or reader than they have for the play’s characters. This may happen when, for example, a character reacts in an inappropriate or foolish way or when a character lacks self-awareness and thus acts under false assumptions.
Example:
ConsonanceDefinition:recurrence or repetition of consonants
especially at the end of stressed syllables without the similar correspondence of vowels
Example: as in the final sounds of “stroke” and
“luck”)
CatalogueDefinition:A list
Example:“Beguiled, divorced, wronged, spited,
slain!” (IV.v.)
Blank VerseDefinition:unrhymed verse; specifically :
unrhymed iambic pentameter verse
Example:The dialogue between Juliet and
Romeo during the balcony scene (Act II, scene ii)
AssonanceDefinition:repetition of vowels without repetition of
consonants
Example:stony and holy“But passion lends them power, time
means, to meet, Temp’ring extremities with extreme
sweet.”
AsideDefinition:an utterance meant to be inaudible to
someone; especially : an actor's speech heard by the audience but supposedly not by other characters
Example:Romeo:“They laugh at scars who ne’er
have felt a wound.”
ApostropheDefinition:the addressing of a usually absent
person or a usually personified thing
Example:“O Liberty, what things are done in thy
name!”
Alliteration Definition:the repetition of usually initial consonant
sounds in two or more neighboring words or syllables
Example:wild and woolly, threatening throngs
Called also head rhyme or initial rhyme.
Tradition of “Courtly Love”
Common symptoms of the rejected lover:
• Bewilderment• Helplessness• Mental and physical pain• Sleeplessness• Loss of appetite• Pallor
Essay Option 1
Answer the question: Is Romeo a hero?
In answering the question, address at least three different aspects of his character, showing how they are revealed in his interactions with other characters in the play.
(Note: The answer “In a way he is a hero, and in a way he is not a hero” is an acceptable answer! However, you must be specific about the ways in which he is heroic and the ways in which he is not.)
Essay Option 2
Answer the question: Where is there true love in Romeo and Juliet?
In answering the question, address at least three different kinds of love or three different relationships that are portrayed in the play, and analyze what Shakespeare uses these relationships to say about the nature of true love in the play.
4 Kinds of Love
Storge - Affection (includes love for a pet, etc.)
Philia - Friendship (brotherly love)Eros – Romantic Love(love of desire /
possession)Agape - Charity (love of self-sacrifice)
Relationships
• Friar Lawrence for Romeo• Nurse for Juliet• Parents for children• Prince for city• Romeo & Rosaline; Romeo and Benvolio;
Romeo & Juliet• Paris for Juliet• Juliet for Tybalt• Tybalt for Capulets; Mercutio for
Montagues
Review of Significant Quotations
• That which we call a rose by any other word would smell as sweet
• Juliet in soliloquy 2.3
• I will make thee think thy swan a crow
• Benvolio to Romeo 1.2.94
• From forth the fatal loins of these two foes/ a pair of star-crossed lovers take their life…
• Chorus in the Prologue
• Night’s candles are burnt out, and jocund day stands tiptoe on the misty mountain-tops
• Romeo to Juliet 3.5.9-10
• Thank me no thankings, nor proud me no prouds
• Capulet to Juliet 3.5.157
• Death, that hath suck’d the honey of thy breath, hath had no power yet upon thy beauty. Thou art not conquered.
• Romeo about Juliet 5.3.92
• Good night, good night. Parting is such sweet sorrow that I shall say, Good night till it be morrow.
• Juliet to Romeo 2.2.200
• “She is the faerie’ midwife, and she comes in shape no bigger than an agate stone”
• Mercutio about Queen Mab 1.4
• Prince: “And I, for winking at your discords too, Have lost a brace of kinsmen. All are punish’d.”
Because he neglected to act sooner, the Prince has been punished with the deaths of two of his family