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ATOK, Geli

BORJA, Janine

11 – St. Julian of Norwich

Research: Review of Relate !iterature

There are "an# factors that affect inso"nia which is wh# it is not eas# to co"e u$ with

the conclusion that a $erson has inso"nia if the case has not %een thorou&hl# stuie. 'nso"nia

"a# %e co""on to a lot of iniviuals, however, e($erts still e%ate whether a certain $erson

has ac)uire this slee$in& isorer le&iti"atel# or not.

Accorin& to *in&er +--/, there are two t#$es of inso"nia: seconar# inso"nia,

which is co"or%i with another isorer whether it %e chronic $ain conitions, $s#chiatric

conitions or cario$ul"onar# conitions. 0ri"ar# inso"nia, on the other han, is inso"nia that

is not co"or%i with an# other conition.

!ie ever# other slee$ isorer, inso"nia is influence %# various circu"stances for it to

arise.Accorin& to 0inel +---/, several cases of inso"nia are sai to %e iatro&enic or cause %#

atte"$te "eical treat"ent. 0h#sicians o have &oo intentions whenever the# $rescri%e

h#$notic ru&s for increasin& the a"ount of slee$ the iniviual &ets. 2owever, when the $atient

starts to evelo$ tolerance to the ru& an consu"es "ore of it to increase its effectiveness,

 $arao(icall#, the iniviual e($eriences withrawal s#"$to"s, incluin& inso"nia.

Another cause of inso"niain ter"s of initiatin& slee$ is the $ressure to slee$ "ore.

Accorin& to 0inel +-11/, 34an# $eo$le nor"all# slee$ 5 hours or less a ni&ht an see" to owell slee$in& that a"ount, %ut the# are $ressure %# others to slee$ "ore. As a result the# s$en

"ore ti"e in %e than the# shoul an have ifficult# &ettin& to slee$6 +$. 789/. The an(iet# that

co"es with the $ressure of &ettin& "ore slee$ "aes it even "ore ifficult for the iniviual to

&o to slee$.

As "entione earlier, a cause of inso"nia in ter"s of "aintainin& slee$ "a# %e

influence %# another isorer. hun& +--9/ foun that so"e $eo$le who were ia&nose with

slee$ a$nea s#nro"e +OSA/ or havin& shallow %reaths urin& slee$also co"$laine of 

e($eriencin& inso"nia. 't still is %ein& stuie on what "a# %e the cause of inso"nia in OSA,

 %ut s$ecialists in slee$ isorers have h#$othesi;e that the ifficult# in slee$ "aintenance was

ue to %reathin& $ro%le"s.

 Ni&ht"are isorer, a slee$ isorer characteri;e %# fre)uentl# havin& ni&ht"ares, "a#

also initiate inso"nia. Breus +-1

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nowle&e that an(iet# "aes it harer for the iniviual to &o %ac to the slee$in& state, which

"aes inso"nia co"or%i with the ni&ht"are isorer.

'nso"nia also usuall# coe(ists with e$ression. 'nso"nia "a# %e a s#"$to" of 

e$ression, an e$ression "a# %e a s#"$to" of inso"nia. =hether or not an iniviual

e($erience e$ression first, it was a&ree u$on that, 3the uration of inso"nia $ositivel#

correlates with uration an fre)uenc# of e$ressive e$isoes6 +Gu$ta >!ahan, -11/.

*Support points of psychosomatic insomnia

 New research su&&ests that an iniviual can e($erience inso"nia an still &et an

ae)uate a"ount of slee$. 0etersen +-19/ foun the followin&: 3'nso"nia is less a%out the

a"ount of slee$ an "ore a%out what the %rain oes urin& slee$. 't is foun that in $eo$le with

inso"nia, $arts of the %rain nown as the efault "oe networ are "ore active urin& slee$,

co"$are with nor"al slee$ers. 'nso"nia is not the $ro%le" of too little slee$? it is the $ro%le"of too "uch %rain activation.6 To su$$ort this state"ent, !evitt +1@1/ foun an o%servation

wherein as "easure %# the electroence$halo&ra", the inso"niacs in the conucte stu# were

aslee$ %ut their restorative %enefits fro" slee$ were fewer, thus, the# "i&ht have even felt that

the# were awae.

*Effects of insomnia, including when it is untreated

*Conclusion