RRRREPUBULIKA Y’U RWANDAEPUBULIKA ... - National … · cyigenga cya Elena Guerra ), abakozi b’Ikigo cya Leta gishinzwe integanyanyigisho, n’abarimu ba Kaminuza bazobereye mu

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RRRREPUBULIKA Y’U RWANDAEPUBULIKA Y’U RWANDAEPUBULIKA Y’U RWANDAEPUBULIKA Y’U RWANDA

MINISITERI Y’UBUREZI,UBUMENYI,MINISITERI Y’UBUREZI,UBUMENYI,MINISITERI Y’UBUREZI,UBUMENYI,MINISITERI Y’UBUREZI,UBUMENYI, IKORANABUHANGA N’UBUSHAKAIKORANABUHANGA N’UBUSHAKAIKORANABUHANGA N’UBUSHAKAIKORANABUHANGA N’UBUSHAKASHATSSHATSSHATSSHATSIIII

IKIGO CY’IGIHUGU GISHINZWE INTEGANYANYIGISHO.IKIGO CY’IGIHUGU GISHINZWE INTEGANYANYIGISHO.IKIGO CY’IGIHUGU GISHINZWE INTEGANYANYIGISHO.IKIGO CY’IGIHUGU GISHINZWE INTEGANYANYIGISHO.

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Integanyanyigisho z’ikinyarwanda mu mashuri abanzaInteganyanyigisho z’ikinyarwanda mu mashuri abanzaInteganyanyigisho z’ikinyarwanda mu mashuri abanzaInteganyanyigisho z’ikinyarwanda mu mashuri abanza

ICYICIRO CYA KABIRI ICYICIRO CYA KABIRI ICYICIRO CYA KABIRI ICYICIRO CYA KABIRI

© IKIGO CY’IGIHUGU GISHINZWE INTEGANYANYIGISHOIKIGO CY’IGIHUGU GISHINZWE INTEGANYANYIGISHOIKIGO CY’IGIHUGU GISHINZWE INTEGANYANYIGISHOIKIGO CY’IGIHUGU GISHINZWE INTEGANYANYIGISHO.... Kigali, Kanama 2004

Ivugururwa ry’integanyanyigisho z’ikinyarwanda z’amashuri abanza ryo mu mwaka w’2004

0. Imvano

Nyuma y’amarorerwa y’itsembabwoko n’itsembatsemba yagwiriye u Rwanda mu mwaka wa 1994, byabaye ngombwa ko integanyanyigisho z’amashuri abanza n’ayisumbuye zivugururwa kugira ngo hakosorwe ibyari bikocamye. Ivugururwa ryo muri 1997 ryakozwe hutihuti kubera ingorane zinyuranye igihugu cyari gifite n’ibibazo byihutirwa byagombaga gukemurwa mu burezi. Muri iki gihe zimwe mu ngorane zavuye mu nzira ni ngombwa ko integanyanyigisho zakozwe muri 1997 zinononsorwa hakurikijwe ingamba za Leta mu burezi cyane cyane iyerekeye uburezi kuri bose. Ni muri urwo rwego integanyanyigisho nshya zigomba kwita ku banyeshuri bose baba abacikiza amashuri abanza, baba abazakomeza mu yisumbuye ndetse n’amakuru. Kubera ko ikinyarwanda ari ururimi kavukire ruhuza Abanyarwanda bose kandi rukaba rwigishwa mu mashuri abanza kuva mu mwaka wa mbere kugeza mu wa gatandatu, ni ngombwa ko urwo rurimi rwitabwaho mu burezi cyane cyane ko ari na rwo rukoreshwa mu kwigisha mu myaka itatu ya mbere y’amashuri abanza. Gusoma no kwandika ni inkingi y’amajyambere ahamye. Ni yo mpamvu bigomba kwitabwaho ku buryo bw’umwihariko cyane cyane mu mashuri abanza. Umwana w’Umunyarwanda agatozwa umuco wo gusoma no kwandika akiri muto bityo akawukurana akanawusakaza mu bandi. Muri izi nteganyanyigisho nshya twitaye kandi ku bumenyingiro ku buryo bw’umwihariko kugira ngo dufashe abana b’u Rwanda mu buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi kandi tubashishikarize kwita ku bibazo bibangamiye isi muri rusange n’igihugu cyacu ku buryo bw’umwihariko. Ingingo zitaweho cyane cyane ni sida, ibidukikije, uburinganire, uburenganzira bw’umwana n’ubw’ikiremwamuntu, gukunda igihugu no kwimakaza umuco w’amahoro.

0.1. Ibigamijwe muri iri vugururwa ry’integanyanyig isho z’amashuri abanza

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- Guha abarimu n’abanyeshuri bo mu mashuri abanza integanyanyigisho zijyanye n’intego ndetse n’ibyifuzo by’igihugu muri rusange.

- Gushyira ahagaragara integanyanyigisho zizorohereza abanditsi n’amacapiro mu gihe cyo kwandika no gucapa ibitabo mfashanyigisho.

- Gushyira ahagaragara integanyanyigisho ziteguwe ku buryo bunoze kandi bujyanye n’igihe.

0.2 Ibyitaweho cyane muri iri vugururwa

0.2.1 Ibireba umunyeshuri

- Kumukundisha ururimi rwe kavukire - Kumutoza umuco wo gusoma no kwandika akiri muto - Kumutoza guhimba - Kumutoza umuco nyarwanda

- Kumuha ubumenyingiro buzamufasha mu buzima busanzwe

0.2.2 Ibireba mwarimu

Kumuha integanyanyigisho imworohereza mu gutegura isomo no kuritanga tumwereka intego rusange ya buri mwaka, ibigomba kwigwa buri gihembwe na buri cyumweru, ibyo umunyeshuri agomba gukora mu isomo, imfashanyigisho, n’imbonezamasomo.

0.2 3 Ibireba abanditsi n’amacapiro

Kubaha integanyanyigisho yerekana umurongo uzangenderwaho mu kwandika ibitabo mfashanyigisho

0.3 Imivugururire y’izi nteganyanyigisho

- Mu ivugururwa ry’izi nteganyanyigisho twahereye ku nteganyanyigisho zo muri 1997. - Twitaye ku ntego n’ibyifuzo rusange bya Leta y’u Rwanda mu burezi cyane cyane intego y’uburezi kuri bose n’iyo gutoza umwana

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w’Umunyarwanda umuco wo gusoma no kwandika.

- Twahaye umwanya ugaragara ubumenyingiro rusange cyane cyane ibyerekeye sida, ibidukikije, uburinganire, uburenganzira bw’umwana n’ubw’ikiremwamuntu, gukunda igihugu, kwimakaza umuco w’amahoro

- Ku wa 23 Kamena 04 twakurikiye amasomo y’ikinyarwanda mu mashuri abanza ya Remera catholiqueI kugira ngo turebe niba amasomo y’ikinyarwanda atangwa ku buryo buhwitse. Nyuma twagiranye ikiganiro n’abarimu batubwira ingorane bagira n’ibibazo bijyanye no kwigisha isomo

ry’ikinyarwanda muri rusange. Twazirikanye ingorane batugejejeho mu kuvugurura izi nteganyanyigisho kuko twumvaga atari umwihariko wabo.

- Twifashishije bimwe mu bikorwa mu bindi bihugu mu kwigisha indimi kavukire cyane cyane ibikorwa mu gihugu cya Zambiya aho kwigisha gusoma no kwandika mu mashuri abanza byahagurukiwe kuva mu mwaka w’1999 (New Breakthrough to Literacy). - Nyuma yo gutegura integanyanyigisho twazihaye abarimu barambye mu kazi (Ikigo cy’amashuri abanza cya Save A n’Ikigo cy’amashuri abanza cyigenga cya Elena Guerra), abakozi b’Ikigo cya Leta gishinzwe integanyanyigisho, n’abarimu ba Kaminuza bazobereye mu iyigandimi kugira ngo bagire icyo bazivugaho.

0.4 Imiterere y’integanyanyigisho - Mu ntangiriro ya buri nteganyanyigisho y’icyiciro hari iriburiro, imbonezanyigisho rusange, imbonezamasomo rusange n’intego rusange bya buri mwaka. - Buri mwaka ugabanyijemo ibihembwe bitatu - Buri gihembwe kigabanyijemo ibyumweru umunani byo kwigisha, ibyumweru bisigara biharirwa kurangiza ibitarangiye, gusubiramo no gukora ibizamini. - Buri cyumweru gifite intego zihariye, ibyigwa, imbonezamasomo, imfashanyigisho n’ibikorwa by’umunyeshuri mu isomo 0.5. Igihe ivugururwa ryakorewe : Kuva ku wa 21 Kamena kugeza 24 Nyakanga 2004 0.6 Ibyifuzo - Kugira ngo izi nteganyanyigisho zishyirwe mu bikorwa ni ngombwa ko ibitabo bihagije hamwe n’izindi mfashanyigisho bigera ku banyeshuri vuba mu gihugu cyose.

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- Mu rwego rwo gufasha umwarimu n’umunyeshuri kwibonera imfashanyigisho, byaba byiza kuri buri kigo cy’amashuri hashyizwe isomero. - Hagomba abarimu bashoboye kwigisha isomo ry’ikinyarwanda no guhugura abasigaye kugira ngo bibafashe mu myigishirize mishya y’urwo rurimi. - Mu myigishirize mishya y’ikinyarwanda byaba byiza hateganyijwe uburyo bw’iyumvabona (gukoresha tereviziyo na sinema) ndetse n’ibinyamakuru. - Ni ngombwa kwita ku bwuzuzanye bw’ikinyarwanda n’izindi nyigisho. - Mu rwego rwo gucengera ururimi no guhamya umuco w’igihugu ni ngombwa gukoresha amarushanwa y’ubwanditsi mu banyeshuri cyane cyane abo mu cyiciro cya kabiri. - Kubera ko amategeko y’imyandikire y’ikinyarwanda ariho ubu akemangwa, akwiye kuvugururwa, hakagaragazwa imyandikire ikemura ibibazo bihari maze inzego zibishinzwe zikayitangaza. - Mu gushishikariza abanyeshuri ubwanditsi ni ngombwa gushyiraho ibinyamakuru bijyanye n’ikigero cyabo cyangwa se ibinyamakuru byigenga bigaterwa inkunga kuko byunganira Leta. - Hakwiriye gushyirwaho inama y’igihugu y’urutonde yagena amagambo y’amuga akoreshwa mu mashuri no mu zindi nzego z’imirimo. - Mu byigishwa byose, ururimi rwigishirizwamo rugomba gukoreshwa ku buryo bukwiye haba mu mvugo cyangwa mu nyandiko 0.7 Abateguye integanyanyigisho - BIZIMUNGU Célestin, umugenzuzi mu Bugenzuzi Bukuru bw’Amashuri

- BUGIRIMFURA Alfred, inararibonye mu gutegura integanyanyigisho z’ikinyarwanda

- MUKAYIREGE Julienne, umuteganyanyigisho mu Kigo cy’Igihugu Gishinzwe Integanyanyigisho

- MUREKATETE M. Béatrice, umuteganyanyigisho mu Kigo cy’Igihugu Gishinzwe Integanyanyigisho

- MWUNGERI Evariste, umuteganyanyigisho mu Kigo cy’Igihugu Gishinzwe Integanyanyigisho

- NIKUZE Homberga, umuyobozi w’ikigo cy’amashuri Remera catholiqueI

- NIYIBAHO Sylvestre, umuteganyanyigisho mu Kigo cy’Igihugu Gishinzwe Integanyanyigisho

- NTAKIRUTIMANA Evariste, umwarimu mu ishami ry’indimi muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda

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ICYICIRO CYA KABIRIICYICIRO CYA KABIRIICYICIRO CYA KABIRIICYICIRO CYA KABIRI

0.1. IRIBURIRO

Mu cyiciro cya mbere cy’amashuri abanza, umunyeshuri yahaboneye ubumenyi, ubumenyingiro n’ubukesha bituma yumva ururimi rw’ikinyarwanda,

ashobora kuruvuga, kurusoma ndetse no kurwandika. Yahamenyeye gukoresha inyajwi, ingombajwi n’ibihekane mu mvugo no mu nyandiko; ndetse amenya

no kwisomera imyandiko yoroheje. Ubumenyi n’ubushobozi afite mu mikoreshereze y’ururimi bizamufasha rero gukurikira inyigisho y’ikinyarwanda mu

cyiciro cya kabiri cy’amashuri abanza no kurushaho gushyikirana n’abandi. Ubwo bumenyi bw’ibanze yaronkeye mu cyiciro cya mbere buzamufasha gutera

indi ntambwe mu rurimi rwe, kuba Umunyarwanda w’ukuri urangwa n’umurava, uhamya umuco w’amahoro, wubahiriza uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu,

wita ku bidukikije kandi wirinda ibiyobyabwenge, ubusinzi n’ibyorezo nka sida na marariya.

Iyi nteganyanyigisho igenewe umunyeshuri wo mu cyiciro cya kabiri cy’amashuri abanza igomba kwita cyane ku bushobozi bwo kumva, gutekereza,

gusesengura, guhina, guhanga no gusobanura ingingo zigize ururimi n’izigize umuco mu magambo yumvikana. Nyuma y’icyiciro cya kabiri

cy’amashuri abanza, umunyeshuri azaba afite ubushobozi bw’ibanze bwamufasha gukurikira inyigisho zo mu byiciro byisumbuye ndetse n’utazashobora

gukomeza amashuri azaba afite ubushobozi bwo kwirwanaho mu buzima no kugirira abandi akamaro.

0.2 IMBONEZANYIGISHO RUSANGE

Umunyeshuri wo mu cyiciro cya kabiri cy’amashuri abanza azaba atangiye kugimbuka no kugira ubushobozi bwo kwiyungura ubwenge cyane cyane ko azaba

ashobora kwisomera inyandiko ziri mu kinyarwanda. Kuba kandi urwo rurimi rumufasha gushyikirana n’abandi byatumye yunguka ibitekerezo n’imyifatire

iberanye n’umuco wa kinyarwanda. Inyigisho agiye guhabwa izaza yuzuza iyo yabonye mu cyiciro cya mbere. Ni yo mpamvu izafatira ku myandiko ifitanye

isano n’ubumenyi bw’ibanze akeneye.

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0.3. IMBONEZAMASOMO RUSANGE - Kugira ngo isomo ry’ikinyarwanda rishobore kwigishwa neza, rigomba gutegurwa bihagije rihereye ku kigero cy’umunyeshuri kandi rifatiye ku byo asanzwe azi. - Muri buri nyigisho, mwarimu agaragaza intego ngenamukoro, yiyambaza imfashanyigisho imwunganira mu kugeza umunyeshuri kuri izo ntego z’isomo. - Inyigisho y’ikinyarwanda ishingiye ku munyeshuri. Ni yo mpamvu umunyeshuri wo mu cyiciro cya kabiri agomba guhabwa uruhare runini mu gutekereza, kumva, kuvuga, gusoma imyandiko ndetse n’ibinyamakuru, kwandika anoza umukono kandi nta kosa, kwitegereza, gusesengura no guhanga. 0.4 IYIGAMWANDIKO Iyigamwandiko ni intera ikomeye mu iyigarurimi. Mwarimu afite uruhare rwo kunganira umunyeshuri mu kungura imvugo n’inyandiko, akumva, agasoma, akavuga, akandika mu buryo buboneye. Ubwo rero mwarimu agomba kubahiriza iyi mbata y’iyigamwandiko. 1. Ivumburamatsiko 2. Gusoma bucece 3. Gusoma aranguruye

4. Inyunguramagambo 5. Guhimba

0.5. INTEGO RUSANGE 0.5.1. Umwaka wa kane Umunyeshuri urangije umwaka wa kane agomba kuba ashobora:

- Kumva ibyo asomewe cyangwa abwiwe no kubisobanukirwa - Kuvuga ashize amanga - Gusoma uko bikwiye bucece cyangwa aranguruye ijwi - Gusesengura umwandiko yasomye - Kwandika yubahiriza imyandikire yemewe kandi anoza umukono - Gusobanura imiterere y’ururimi.

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0.5.2. Umwaka wa gatanu Umunyeshuri urangije umwaka wa gatanu agomba kuba ashobora: - Kumva no gusobanukirwa ibyo asomewe cyangwa abwiwe - Kuvuga ashize amanga kandi ashyiramo isesekaza - Gusoma uko bikwiye bucece cyangwa aranguruye ijwi - Gusesengura umwandiko yasomye - Kwandika no guhanga yubahiriza inyurabwenge n’imyandikire yemewe - Gusobanura imiterere y’ururimi

0.5.3. Umwaka wa gatandatu

Umunyeshuri urangije umwaka wa gatandatu agomba kuba ashobora: - Gusobanukirwa ibyo asomewe cyangwa abwiwe - Kumvikanisha mu ruhame igitekerezo cye - Kwisomera no gusomera abandi inyandiko iri mu kinyarwanda - Kugeza ku bandi ibitekerezo bye mu nyandiko ikwiye - Kwisesengurira umwandiko - Gukora inyandiko zisanzwe zo mu buzima bwa buri munsi - Gusesengura imiterere y’ururimi

0.6. ISUZUMABUMENYI

Mbere yo gutanga isomo, mwarimu agena intego ashaka kugeraho, bityo ateganya n’uburyo bw’isuzuma kugira ngo amenye niba koko intego yagezweho

by’ukuri, bikaba byatuma atera imbere cyangwa aba aretse. By’umwihariko, mu nyigisho y’ikinyarwanda, imyitozo y’isuzuma izaba ishingiye ku kumva,

kuvuga, gusoma no kwandika. Ntibizabuza kandi mwarimu guteganya amasuzuma nyuma y’igihe iki n’iki cyangwa nyuma y’icyiciro bitewe n’intego ashaka

kugeraho.

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4444. . . . UMWAKA WA KANEUMWAKA WA KANEUMWAKA WA KANEUMWAKA WA KANE

4.1 Umwaka wa kane: igihembwe cya mbere Icyumweru

Intego zihariye

Ibyigwa

Imbonezamasomo

Imfashanyigisho

Ibikorwa n’umunyeshuri

Icyumweru cya mbere

- Kuvuga ibyo amashusho nsanganyamatsiko asobanura. - Kubwira abandi ibyo yafashe mu mutwe yumvise cyangwa yabonye atabivangavanze - Gusoma bucece no gusobanura mu magambo make ibyo yasomye - Kuvuga atajijinganya kandi ashize amanga. - Gusoma aranguruye - Gukoresha amagambo mashya yungukiye mu mwandiko.

Ubwoko bw’umwandiko: Inkuru ngufi

- Kugirana n’abanyeshuri ikiganiro kigufi kiganisha ku nkuru yigwa cyangwa se kwitegereza no gusesengura amashusho ayerekeyeho - Gusomesha bucece - Kubaza ibibazo rusange ku nkuru - Gusoma inkuru ngufi yose - Gusomesha inkuru ngufi igika ku kindi hasobanurwa amagambo mashya - Gusomesha inkuru ngufi yose - Gukoresha imyitozo no kuyikosora

Igitabo cy’umunyeshuri

- Kwitegereza amashusho cyangwa ibishushanyo akavuga inkuru ngufi ijyanye na byo - Kuvuga muri make inkuru ngufi yumvise, atajijinganya akurikiza inyurabwenge - Gusoma inkuru ngufi yose adahwihwisa, adashyiramo urutoki. - Gusoma igika cy’ inkuru ngufi atagemura, adategwa, yubahiriza utwatuzo n’iyitsa, kandi yumvikanisha ibyo asomye - Imyitozo yo kuzurisha amagambo mu nteruro

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Umwaka wa kane: igihembwe cya mbere Icyumweru

Intego zihariye

Ibyigwa

Imbonezamasomo

Imfashanyigisho


Icyumweru cya kabiri

- Gusoma adahwihwisa, adashyiramo urutoki - Gusomera abandi aranguruye, atagemura, adategwa, yubahiriza utwatuzo n’iyitsa - Gusubiza ibibazo ku nkuru yasomye. - Kugaragaza ibice bigize interuro isanzwe - Guhimba interuro ngufi ihamya akurikiza amategeko y’imyandikire y’ikinyarwanda - Gukoresha akabago n’akitso ku buryo buboneye - Kwandika ibyo bamubwiye nta kosa

Ubwoko bw’umwandiko: Inkuru ngufi Inshoza y’interuro: itsinda rya ruhamwa, inshinga, n’ibyuzuzo - Utwatuzo: akitso(,) n’akabago(.)

-Gusomesha abanyeshuri - Kubaza abanyeshuri ku nkuru yasomwe - Kwandika interuro ku kibaho - Gusomesha interuro - Gusobanura interuro icyo ari cyo - Kuzisesenguramo ibice - Gusobanura imikoreshereze y’akabago n’akitso - Gukoresha icyandikwa


- Gusoma bucece - Gusoma aranguruye - Gusubiza ibibazo abajijwe ku nkuru - Kwerekana ibice bigize interuro yahawe - Guhimba interuro yifashishije amagambo mashya yize - Gukoresha akabago n’akitso mu nteruro yihimbiye - Gukora icyandikwa

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Umwaka wa kane: igihembwe cya mbere

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Icyumweru

Intego zihariye

Ibyigwa

Imbonezamasomo

Imfashanyigisho


Icyumweru cya gatatu

- Kuvuga ibyo amashusho nsanganyamatsiko asobanura - Kuvuga atajijinganya kandi ashize amanga. - Gusoma adahwihwisa - Kubwira abandi ibyo yafashe mu mutwe, cyangwa yumvise atabivangavanze. - Gusomera abandi aranguruye, atagemura, adategwa, yubahiriza utwatuzo n’iyitsa - Gukoresha amagambo mashya yungukiye mu mwandiko.

Ubwoko bw’umwandiko: Umugani muremure

- Kugirana n’abanyeshuri ikiganiro kigufi kiganisha ku mugani wigwa cyangwa se kwitegereza no gusesengura amashusho awerekeyeho - Gusomesha bucece - Kubaza ibibazo rusange ku mugani - Gusoma umugani wose - Gusomesha umugani igika ku kindi asobanura amagambo mashya - Gusomesha umugani wose - Kubaza abanyeshuri ku mugani wasomwe -Imyitozo yo gusimbuza amagambo (imbusane, imvugwakimwe, ....).


- Kwitegereza amashusho cyangwa ibishushanyo akavuga inkuru ijyanye na byo - Gusoma umugani wose bucece - Kuvuga muri make ibiri mu mugani yumvise, atajijinganya kandi akurikiza inyurabwenge - Gusoma igika cy’umugani atagemura, adategwa, yubahiriza utwatuzo n’iyitsa - Gusubiza ibibazo abajijwe ku mugani - Imyitozo


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Icyumweru

Intego zihariye

Ibyigwa

Imbonezamasomo

Imfashanyigisho


Icyumweru cya kane

- Kuvuga ibyo amashusho nsanganyamatsiko asobanura. - Gusoma bucece no gusobanura mu magambo make ibyo yasomye. - Kuvuga atajijinganya kandi ashize amanga. - Gusoma aranguruye. - Gukoresha amagambo mashya yungukiye mu mwandiko. - Gusobanura ingamba zo kurwanya isuri. - Guhimba interuro ngufi ibaza

Umwandiko ku byerekeye kurwanya isuri - Utwatuzo : akabazo(?)

- Kugirana n’abanyeshuri ikiganiro kigufi kiganisha ku mwandiko wigwa cyangwa se kwitegereza no gusesengura amashusho awerekeyeho - Gusomesha bucece - Kubaza ibibazo rusange ku mwandiko - Gusoma umwandiko wose - Gusomesha umwandiko igika ku kindi hasobanurwa amagambo mashya - Gusomesha umwandiko wose - Gukoresha imyitozo no kuyikosora - Kubaza inyigisho iri mu mwandiko - Gutanga imyitozo


- Kwitegereza amashusho cyangwa ibishushanyo akavuga inkuru ngufi ijyanye na byo - Gusoma umwandiko wose adahwihwisa - Kuvuga muri make ibyo yumvise, atajijinganya akurikiza inyurabwenge - Gusoma igika cy’umwandiko atagemura, adategwa, yubahiriza utwatuzo n’iyitsa, kandi yumvikanisha ibyo asomye - Imyitozo yo kuzurisha amagambo mu nteruro - Kuvuga inyigisho akuye mu mwandiko no kuyandika - Gukoresha akabazo mu nteruro yihimbiye


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Icyumweru

Intego zihariye

Ibyigwa

Imbonezamasomo

Imfashanyigisho


Icyumweru cya gatanu

- Kuvuga atajijinganya kandi ashize amanga. - Kubwira abandi ibyo yafashe mu mutwe yumvise atabivangavanga. - Guhimba udusakuzo no gushakisha imigani migufi - Gukoresha amagambo yungukiye mu bisakuzo no mu migani migufi

Ubwoko bw’imyandiko: Ibisakuzo n’imigani miguf i Inyungurama- gambo

- Gutanga ingero z’ibisakuzo n’imigani - Gusaba abanyeshuri gushakisha ibisakuzo n’imigani - Kubasaba gusakuza no guca imigani migufi - Imyitozo yo gusimbuza amagambo (imbusane, imvugwakimwe, imvugakimwe, ingwizanyito...)


- Gusakuza - Gusubira mu bisakuzo yumvise - Gusobanura no gukoresha imigani migufi - Gushakisha ibisakuzo n’imigani migufi - Gukora imyitozo


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cyumweru

Intego zihariye

Ibyigwa

Imbonezamasomo

Imfashanyigisho


Icyumweru cya gatandatu

- Gusoma adahwihwisa, adashyiramo urutoki - Gusobanura mu magambo make ibyo asomye - Kuvuga atajijinganya kandi ashize amanga. - Gusomera abandi aranguruye, atagemura, adategwa, yubahiriza utwatuzo n’iyitsa kandi ashyira injyana aho iri. - Gusubiza ibibazo ku mwandiko yasomye. - Gukoresha amagambo mashya yungukiye mu mwandiko. - Guhimba interuro ngufi itangara

Ubwoko bw’umwandiko: Ibyivugo by’amahomvu - Inyungurama-gambo Utwatuzo: agatangaro (!)

- Gusomesha bucece - Kubaza ibibazo rusange ku byivugo - Kubasomera ibyivugo - Gusomesha asobanura amagambo mashya - Gusomesha abanyeshuri barangurura - Kubaza abanyeshuri ku byasomwe - Gufatisha mu mutwe - Kubasaba kwivuga - Imyitozo ku nyunguramagambo - Gutanga ingero z’interuro itangara - Gusaba abanyeshuri gutanga izindi ngero


- Gusoma ibyivugo - Gusoma atagemura, adategwa, yubahiriza utwatuzo n’iyitsa kandi ashyira injyana aho iri - Gusaba abanyeshuri gushakisha ibindi byivugo by’amahomvu - Gufata mu mutwe zimwe mu ngero zatanzwe - Kwivuga - Gukora imyitozo - Gukoresha agatangaro mu nteruro yihimbiye


8

Icyumweru

Intego zihariye

Ibyigwa

Imbonezamasomo

Imfashanyigisho


Icyumweru cya karindwi

- Kuvuga ibyo amashusho nsanganyamatsiko asobanura. - Gusoma bucece no gusobanura mu magambo make ibyo yasomye. - Kuvuga atajijinganya kandi ashize amanga. - Gusoma aranguruye. - Gukoresha amagambo mashya yungukiye mu mwandiko. - Gusobanura ingamba zo kwirinda sida.

Umwandiko ku cyorezo cya sida

- Kugirana n’abanyeshuri ikiganiro kigufi kiganisha ku mwandiko wigwa cyangwa se kwitegereza no gusesengura amashusho awerekeyeho - Gusomesha bucece - Kubaza ibibazo rusange ku mwandiko - Gusoma umwandiko wose - Gusomesha umwandiko igika ku kindi hasobanurwa amagambo mashya - Gusomesha umwandiko wose - Gukoresha imyitozo no kuyikosora - Kubaza inyigisho iri mu mwandiko


- Kwitegereza amashusho cyangwa ibishushanyo akavuga inkuru ngufi ijyanye na byo - Gusoma umwandiko wose adahwihwisa - Kuvuga muri make ibyo yumvise, atajijinganya akurikiza inyurabwenge - Gusoma igika cy’umwandiko atagemura, adategwa, yubahiriza utwatuzo n’iyitsa, kandi yumvikanisha ibyo asomye - Imyitozo yo kuzurisha amagambo mu nteruro - Kuvuga inyigisho akuye mu mwandiko no kuyandika


9

Icyumweru

Intego zihariye

Ibyigwa

Imbonezamasomo

Imfashanyigisho


Icyumweru cya munani

- Gusoma adahwihwisa - Gusobanura mu magambo make ibyo asomye. - Kuvuga atajijinganya kandi ashize amanga. - Gusomera abandi aranguruye, atagemura, adategwa, yubahiriza utwatuzo n’iyitsa kandi ashyira injyana aho iri. - Kubwira abandi ibyo yafashe mu mutwe - Gukoresha amagambo mashya yungukiye mu muvugo

Ubwoko bw’umwandiko: Umuvugo Inyunguramagambo

- Gusomesha umuvugo bucece - Kubaza ibibazo rusange ku muvugo - Gusoma umuvugo - Gusomesha umuvugo igika ku kindi hasobanurwa amagambo mashya - Gusomesha umuvugo wose - Gufatisha umuvugo mu mutwe - Imyitozo yo gusimbuza amagambo (imbusane, imvugwakimwe, imvugakimwe, ingwizanyito..)


- Gusoma bucece - Kuvuga muri make ibiri mu muvugo akurikiza inyurabwenge - Gusoma igika atagemura, adategwa, yubahiriza utwatuzo n’iyitsa kandi ashyira injyana aho iri - Gusubiza ibibazo abajijwe ku muvugo - Gufata umuvugo mu mutwe no kuwuvuga - Gukora imyitozo

10

4.2 Umwaka wa kane: igihembwe cya kabiri Icyumweru

Intego zihariye

Ibyigwa

Imbonezamasomo

Imfashanyigisho


Icyumweru cya mbere

- Kuvuga ibyo amashusho nsanganyamatsiko asobanura - Kuvuga amasano mu kinyarwanda

Amasano y’umuryango.

- Guhitamo umwandiko urimo inshoza y’amasano - Gusobanura amasano - Kubaza abanyeshuri amasano yabo

Igitabo, amafoto cyangwa amashusho

- Kuvuga amasano hagati y’abantu ahereye ku mashusho, amafoto cyangwa abantu azi - Gusubiza ibibazo abajijwe


- Guhimba umuvugo ahereye ku nsanganyamatsiko zinyuranye - Gukoresha uko bikwiye utwuguruzo n’utwugarizo

Ubwoko bw’umwandiko: Umuvugo Utwatuzo : utwuguruzo n’utwugarizo (“ ”)

- Gutanga insanganyamatsiko zinyuranye no kuzisobanura - Gufasha abanyeshuri gushaka ibitekerezo - Kubasaba guhimba bandika - Gukosora imyandiko - Guhitamo umwandiko uboneye - Gutanga ingero no gusobanura imikoreshereze y’utwuguruzo n’utwugarizo


- Guhimba umuvugo mugufi - Gukoresha utwuguruzo n’utwugarizo


- Kuvuga atajijinganya kandi ashize amanga. - Kubwira abandi ibyo yafashe mu mutwe yumvise atabivangavanga. - Guhimba byendagusetsa n’urwenya

Ubwoko bw’umwandiko: Byendagusetsa n’urwenya

- Gutanga ingero z’urwenya na byendagusetsa. - Gusaba abanyeshuri gushakisha cyangwa guhimba urwenya na byendagusetsa


- Gusoma byendagusetsa n’urwenya - Gushakisha urwenya cyangwa byendagusetsa - Imyitozo yo guhimba

11

Umwaka wa kane: igihembwe cya kabiri Icyumweru

Intego zihariye

Ibyigwa

Imbonezamasomo

Imfashanyigisho


Icyumweru cya kane

- Kuvuga ibyo amashusho nsanganyamatsiko asobanura - Gusobanura mu magambo make ibyo asomewe cyangwa abwiwe. - Kuvuga atajijinganya kandi ashize amanga. - Gusoma bucece - Kubwira abandi ibyo yafashe mu mutwe, cyangwa yumvise atabivangavanze. - Gusomera abandi aranguruye, atagemura, adategwa, yubahiriza utwatuzo n’iyitsa - Gukoresha amagambo mashya yungukiye mu mwandiko.


- Kugirana n’abanyeshuri ikiganiro kigufi kiganisha ku mugani wigwa cyangwa se kwitegereza no gusesengura amashusho awerekeyeho - Gusomesha bucece - Kubaza ibibazo rusange ku mugani - Gusoma umugani wose - Gusomesha umugani igika ku kindi asobanura amagambo mashya - Gusomesha umugani wose - Kubaza abanyeshuri ku mugani wasomwe


- Kwitegereza amashusho cyangwa ibishushanyo akavuga inkuru ijyanye na byo - Gusoma umugani wose adahwihwisa - Kuvuga muri make ibiri mu mugani yumvise, atajijinganya kandi akurikiza inyurabwenge - Gusoma igika cy’umugani atagemura, adategwa, yubahiriza utwatuzo n’iyitsa - Gusubiza ibibazo abajijwe ku mugani

12


Intego zihariye

Ibyigwa

Imbonezamasomo

Imfashanyigisho



- Kuvuga ibyo amashusho nsanganyamatsiko asobanura. - Gusoma bucece no gusobanura mu magambo make ibyo yasomye. - Kuvuga atajijinganya kandi ashize amanga. - Gusoma aranguruye. - Gukoresha amagambo mashya yungukiye mu mwandiko. - Gusobanura uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu.

Umwandiko ku burenganzira bw’ikiremwa-muntu



- Kwitegereza amashusho cyangwa ibishushanyo akavuga inkuru ijyanye na byo - Gusoma umwandiko wose adahwihwisa - Kuvuga muri make ibyo yumvise, atajijinganya akurikiza inyurabwenge - Gusoma igika cy’umwandiko atagemura, adategwa, yubahiriza utwatuzo n’iyitsa, kandi yumvikanisha ibyo asomye - Imyitozo yo kuzurisha amagambo mu nteruro - Kuvuga inyigisho akuye mu mwandiko no kuyandika

13


Intego zihariye

Ibyigwa

Imbonezamasomo

Imfashanyigisho



- Gusoma bucece - Gusobanura mu magambo make ibyo asomye - Kuvuga atajijinganya kandi ashize amanga. - Kubwira abandi ibyo yafashe mu mutwe atabivangavanze. - Gusomera abandi aranguruye, atagemura, adategwa, yubahiriza utwatuzo n’iyitsa kandi ashyira injyana aho iri. - Gusubiza ibibazo ku mwandiko yasomye. - Guhimba interuro ngufi irimo uturegeka

Ubwoko bw’umwandiko: Uturingushyo n’amagorane Utwatuzo: Uturegeka (…)

- Gusomesha bucece - Kubaza ibibazo rusange ku magorane - Kubasomera amagorane n’uturingushyo - Gusomesha asobanura amagambo mashya - Gusomesha baranguruye - Kubaza abanyeshuri ku byasomwe - Gufatisha mu mutwe amagorane n’uturingushyo - Gutanga ingero z’interuro iregeka - Gusaba abanyeshuri gutanga izindi ngero


- Gusoma amagorane n’uturingushyo yubahiriza utwatuzo n’iyitsa kandi ashyira injyana aho iri - Gutanga ingero z’amagorane n’uturingushyo - Gusaba abanyeshuri gushakisha andi magorane n’utundi turingushyo - Gufata mu mutwe zimwe mu ngero zatanzwe - Kuvuga amagorane n’uturingushyo atajijinganya - Gukoresha uturegeka mu nteruro yihimbiye

14


Intego zihariye

Ibyigwa

Imbonezamasomo

Imfashanyigisho



- Kugaragaza uko amagambo atandukanywa n’ubutinde bw’inyajwi bwonyine. - Kwandika amagambo afite ubutinde - Gusomera abandi yumvikanisha ubutinde

Ubutinde bw’inyajwi

-Gusomera abanyeshuri amagambo akababaza ikiyatandukanya. - gutaka/gutaaka - urutoki/urutooki - kuvura/kuvuura - gusaba/gusaaba - gusesa/guseesa - gusiba/gusiiba - Gusaba abanyeshuri gutanga ingero kuri buri nyajwi no kuzandika


- Gutanga ingero z’amagambo atandukanyijwe n’ubutinde bw’inyajwi gusa - Kwandika amagambo agaragaza aho ubutinde buri - Gusomera abandi yumvisha aho ubutinde buri


- Kuvuga ibyo amashusho nsanganyamatsiko asobanura. - Kubwira abandi ibyo yafashe mu mutwe yumvise cyangwa yabonye atabivangavanze - Gusoma no gusobanura mu magambo make ibyo yasomye cyangwa yabwiwe. - Kuvuga atajijinganya kandi ashize amanga. - Gukoresha amagambo mashya yungukiye mu mwandiko.




- Kwitegereza amashusho cyangwa ibishushanyo akavuga inkuru ngufi ijyanye na byo - Kuvuga muri make inkuru ngufi yumvise, atajijinganya akurikiza inyurabwenge - Gusoma inkuru ngufi yose adahwihwisa, adashyiramo urutoki. - Gusoma igika cy’ inkuru ngufi atagemura, adategwa, yubahiriza utwatuzo n’iyitsa, kandi yumvikanisha ibyo asomye - Imyitozo yo kuzurisha amagambo mu nteruro

15

4.3 Umwaka wa kane: igihembwe cya gatatu

Icyumweru

Intego zihariye

Ibyigwa

Imbonezamasomo

Imfashanyigisho


Icyumweru cya mbere

- Kuvuga ibyo amashusho nsanganyamatsiko asobanura - Gusoma bucece no gusobanura mu magambo make ibyo yasomye - Kuvuga atajijinganya kandi ashize amanga - Gusoma aranguruye - Gukoresha amagambo mashya yungukiye mu mwandiko - Kugira ikinyabupfura, mu rugo , mu nzira, ku ishuri, muri bagenzi be, imbere y’abamuruta n’ahandi.

Umwandiko ku itozamuco: ikinyabupfura (indamutso, gusaba imbabazi, gushimira...)

- Kugirana n’abanyeshuri ikiganiro kigufi kiganisha ku mwandiko wigwa cyangwa se kwitegereza no gusesengura amashusho awerekeyeho - Gusomesha bucece - Kubaza ibibazo rusange ku mwandiko - Gusoma umwandiko wose - Gusomesha umwandiko igika ku kindi hasobanurwa amagambo mashya - Gusomesha umwandiko wose - Gukoresha imyitozo no kuyikosora - Kubaza inyigisho iri mu mwandiko - Kubaza ibibazo rusange ku myitwarire y’abavugwa


- Kwitegereza amashusho cyangwa ibishushanyo akavuga inkuru ijyanye na byo - Gusoma umwandiko wose adahwihwisa - Kuvuga muri make ibyo yasomye akurikiza inyurabwenge - Gusoma igika cy’umwandiko atagemura, adategwa, yubahiriza utwatuzo n’iyitsa, kandi yumvikanisha ibyo asomye - Imyitozo - Kugaragaza ibibi n’ibyiza mu myitwarire y’abavugwa mu mwandiko

16

Umwaka wa kane: igihembwe cya gatatu Icyumweru

Intego zihariye

Ibyigwa

Imbonezamasomo

Imfashanyigisho



- Gusoma bucece - Gusobanura mu magambo make ibyo amaze gusoma - Gutahura ingingo zigize umwandiko - Gusomera abandi aranguruye, atagemura, adategwa, yubahiriza utwatuzo n’iyitsa kandi yumvikanisha ibyo asoma

Ingingo zigize umwandiko

- Gusomesha umwandiko bucece - Kubaza ibibazo rusange ku mwandiko - Gusoma umwandiko - Gusomesha umwandiko igika ku kindi batanga ingingo ziri mu mwandiko - Kugaragaza iz’ingenzi - Gusomesha umwandiko wose


- Gusoma bucece - Gusubiza ibibazo rusange abajijwe ku mwandiko - Gusoma igika ku kindi avuga ibitekerezo birimo - Gusoma umwandiko wose adahwihwisa - Kuvuga muri make ibiri mu mwandiko, atajijinganya kandi akurikiza inyurabwenge - Kwandika ingingo z’ingenzi - Gusoma umwandiko wose


- Gusoma bucece umwandiko - Gushaka ingingo z’ingenzi - Gukora inshamake

Inshamake y’umwandiko

- Gusomesha umwandiko - Kubaza ibibazo biganisha ku ngingo z’ingenzi - Kuzandika ku kibaho - Gusaba abanyeshuri guhina umwandiko bazifashishije


- Gusoma bucece - Gusoma aranguruye - Gutahura ingingo z’ingenzi - Kwandika mu magambo make ibikubiye mu mwandiko wasomwe

17


Intego zihariye

Ibyigwa

Imbonezamasomo

Imfashanyigisho


Icyumweru cya kane

- Gusoma umwandiko uko bikwiye arangurura ijwi - Gutandukanya izina bwite n’izina rusange - Kwandika neza amazina bwite - Gukoresha ubumwe n’ubwinshi ku buryo buboneye

- Izina bwite n’izina rusange - Ubumwe n’ubwinshi bw’amazina rusange

- Gusomesha umwandiko - Gusobanura inshoza y’amazina bwite n’amazina rusange - Gusobanura inshoza y’ubumwe n’ubwinshi - Gusaba abanyeshuri kuvuga amazina bwite n’amazina rusange - Imyitozo yo gushyira mu bumwe no mu bwinshi


- Kuvuga amazina bwite n’amazina rusange ari mu mwandiko - Gushyira mu bumwe cyangwa mu bwinshi amazina rusange


- Kuvuga muri make ubutumwa bukubiye mu ibaruwa - Kwerekana ibice bigize ibaruwa - Kwandika ku ibahasha ku buryo buboneye - Gukoresha neza utubago tubiri n’udukubo

Ibaruwa isanzwe Utwatuzo: Utubago tubiri n’udukubo (:)

- Kuganira n’abanyeshuri ku buryo bukoreshwa mu gutanga ubutumwa - Gusomesha bucece ibaruwa - Kubaza ibibazo ku butumwa buri mu ibaruwa - Gusomesha ibaruwa igice ku kindi - Kwerekana ibice by’ingenzi - Gusaba abanyeshuri kwandika ibaruwa - Gukosora abanyeshuri

Igitabo cy’umunyeshuri - ibahasha n’urupapuro

- Gusoma ibaruwa bucece - Kuvuga muri make ubutumwa bukubiye mu ibaruwa - Gusoma igika cy’ ibaruwa adategwa, yubahiriza utwatuzo n’iyitsa - Kugaragaza ibice by’ingenzi bigize ibaruwa - Kwandika ibaruwa - Gukoresha utwatuzo ku buryo buboneye

18

Umwaka wa kane: igihembwe cya gatatu Icyumweru Intego zihariye Ibyigwa Imbonezamasomo Imfashanyigisho Ibikorwa n’umunyeshuri


- Kuvuga atajijinganya kandi ashize amanga. - Kuvuga ahuza imvugo n’ingiro kandi ashyiramo isesekaza - Gukoresha amagambo mashya yungukiye mu gakinamico

Ubwoko bw’umwandiko: Agakinamico

- Gusomera abanyeshuri agakinamico - Gusobanura amagambo mashya - Gusaba abanyeshuri kugafata mu mutwe - Guha buri mwana urubuga rwe (ibyo agomba gukina) - Kuberekera gukina


- Gufata mu mutwe agakinamico - Kugakina


- Gusoma adahwihwisa, adashyiramo urutoki - Gusobanura mu magambo make ibyo asomewe cyangwa abwiwe. - Kuvuga atajijinganya kandi ashize amanga ibyo yumvise. - Gusomera abandi aranguruye, atagemura, adategwa, yubahiriza utwatuzo n’iyitsa - Gusubiza ibibazo ku mwandiko yasomye - Gukoresha amagambo mashya yungukiye mu mwandiko.

Umwandiko werekeye gukunda igihugu

- Gusomesha bucece - Kubaza ibibazo rusange - Kubasomera - Gusomesha asobanura amagambo mashya - Gusomesha baranguruye - Kubaza abanyeshuri ku byasomwe - Gutanga imyitozo yo gusimbuza amagambo (imbusane, imvugwakimwe, imvugakimwe, ingwizanyito,…)


- Gusoma bucece - Gusoma atagemura, adategwa, yubahiriza utwatuzo n’iyitsa - Kubwira abandi ibyo yasomye n’inyigisho yakuyemo - Gukora umwitozo

19


Intego zihariye

Ibyigwa

Imbonezamasomo

Imfashanyigisho



- Kugaragaza uko amagambo atandukanywa n’isaku nyesi na nyejuru gusa. - Kwandika agaragaza isaku nyesi na nyejuru

Isaku nyesi n’isaku nyejuru

-Gusomera abanyeshuri amagambo akababaza ikiyatandukanya. guhera/guhêra - inda/indâ - ino/inô - urubwa/urubwâ - aho/ahô - isuka/isûka - umuswa/umuswâ - guhera/guhêra - Gusaba abanyeshuri gutanga ingero ku magambo atandukaniye gusa ku isaku nyesi na nyejuru


- Gutanga ingero z’amagambo atandukanyijwe n’isaku nyesi na nyejuru gusa - Kwandika agaragaza aho isaku riri - Gusomera abandi yumvisha aho isaku riri

19

5. UMWAKA WA GATANU5. UMWAKA WA GATANU5. UMWAKA WA GATANU5. UMWAKA WA GATANU 5.1 Umwaka wa gatanu: igihembwe cya mbere

Icyumweru

Intego zihariye

Ibyigwa

Imbonezamasomo

Imfashanyigisho


Icyumweru cya mbere

- Kuvuga ibyo amashusho nsanganyamatsiko asobanura. - Kubwira abandi ibyo yafashe mu mutwe yumvise cyangwa yabonye atabivangavanze - Gusoma no gusobanura mu magambo make ibyo yasomye cyangwa yabwiwe. - Kuvuga atajijinganya kandi ashize amanga. - Gukoresha amagambo mashya yungukiye mu mwandiko.




- Kwitegereza amashusho cyangwa ibishushanyo akavuga inkuru ngufi ijyanye na byo - Kuvuga muri make inkuru ngufi yumvise, atajijinganya akurikiza inyurabwenge - Gusoma inkuru ngufi yose adahwihwisa - Gusoma igika cy’ inkuru ngufi atagemura, adategwa, yubahiriza utwatuzo n’iyitsa, kandi yumvikanisha ibyo asomye - Imyitozo yo kuzurisha amagambo mu nteruro

20

Umwaka wa gatanu: igihembwe cya mbere Icyumweru

Intego zihariye

Ibyigwa

Imbonezamasomo

Imfashanyigisho



- Kuvuga ibyo amashusho nsanganyamatsiko asobanura. - Gusoma bucece no gusobanura mu magambo make ibyo yasomye. - Kuvuga atajijinganya kandi ashize amanga. - Gusoma aranguruye. - Gutahura inyigisho iri mu gitekerezo - Gukoresha amagambo mashya yungukiye mu mwandiko

Ubwoko bw’umwandiko: Igitekerezo cya rubanda

- Kugirana n’abanyeshuri ikiganiro kigufi kiganisha ku mwandiko wigwa cyangwa se kwitegereza no gusesengura amashusho awerekeyeho - Gusomesha bucece - Kubaza ibibazo rusange ku mwandiko - Gusoma umwandiko wose - Gusomesha umwandiko igika ku kindi hasobanurwa amagambo mashya - Gusomesha umwandiko wose - Kubaza inyigisho iri mu mwandiko - Gukoresha imyitozo no kuyikosora


- Kwitegereza amashusho cyangwa ibishushanyo akavuga inkuru ngufi ijyanye na byo - Gusoma umwandiko wose adahwihwisa - Kuvuga muri make ibyo yumvise, atajijinganya akurikiza inyurabwenge - Gusoma igika cy’umwandiko atagemura, adategwa, yubahiriza utwatuzo n’iyitsa, kandi yumvikanisha ibyo asomye - Kuvuga inyigisho akuye mu mwandiko no kuyandika - Imyitozo yo kuzurisha amagambo mu nteruro

21


Intego zihariye

Ibyigwa

Imbonezamasomo

Imfashanyigisho





- Kugirana n’abanyeshuri ikiganiro kigufi kiganisha ku mugani wigwa cyangwa se kwitegereza no gusesengura amashusho awerekeyeho - Gusomesha bucece - Kubaza ibibazo rusange ku mugani - Gusoma umugani wose - Gusomesha umugani igika ku kindi asobanura amagambo mashya - Gusomesha umugani wose - Kubaza abanyeshuri ku mugani wasomwe - Imyitozo yo gusimbuza amagambo (imbusane, imvugwakimwe, imvugakimwe, ingwizanyito, ...)


- Kwitegereza amashusho cyangwa ibishushanyo akavuga inkuru ijyanye na byo - Gusoma umugani wose adahwihwisa - Kuvuga muri make ibiri mu mugani yumvise, atajijinganya kandi akurikiza inyurabwenge - Gusoma igika cy’umugani atagemura, adategwa, yubahiriza utwatuzo n’iyitsa - Gusubiza ibibazo abajijwe ku mugani - Gukora imyitozo

22


Intego zihariye

Ibyigwa

Imbonezamasomo

Imfashanyigisho


Icyumweru cya kane

- Gusoma bucece umwandiko - Gushaka ingingo z’ingenzi - Guhina umwandiko

Ihinamwandiko

- Gusomesha umwandiko - Kubaza ibibazo biganisha ku ngingo z’ingenzi - Kuzandika ku kibaho - Gusaba abanyeshuri guhina umwandiko bazifashishije


- Kwandika mu magambo make ibikubiye mu mwandiko wasomwe

23


- Kuvuga ibyo amashusho nsanganyamatsiko asobanura. - Gusoma bucece no gusobanura mu magambo make ibyo yasomye. - Kuvuga atajijinganya kandi ashize amanga. - Gusoma aranguruye. - Gukoresha amagambo mashya yungukiye mu mwandiko. - Gusobanura ingamba zo kwirinda sida n’izindi ndwara zifatira mu myanya ndangagitsina.

Umwandiko ku cyorezo cya sida n’izindi ndwara zifatira mu myanya ndangagitsina




Umwaka wa gatanu: igihembwe cya mbere

24

Icyumweru Intego zihariye Ibyigwa Imbonezamasomo Imfashanyigisho Ibikorwa n’umunyeshuri


- Kuvuga mu magambo make ibyo abona ku mashusho - Gusobanura inkuru atajijinganya kandi akurikiza inyurabwenge - Gusoma bucece - Gusomera abandi aranguruye - Gusubiza ibibazo ku nkuru yasomye. - Gukoresha utwatuzo

Ubwoko bw’umwandiko: Inkuru ishushanyije - Utwatuzo: gukata amagambo ( na, nka na nyiri)

- Kwerekana amashusho - Gusomesha bucece - Kubaza ibibazo rusange - Gusomesha asobanura amagambo mashya - Gusomesha abanyeshuri barangurura - Kubaza abanyeshuri ku byasomwe - Kubasaba kwandika agakuru - Kwandika interuro zirimo amagambo akatwa - Kuzisomesha no kubereka uko amagambo akatwa - Gutanga icyandikwa


- Kwitegereza amashusho - Kuvuga ibyo abona - Gusoma bucece - Gusoma aranguruye - Gusubiza ibibazo ku nkuru - Kwandika agakuru kajyanye n’iyo nkuru - Gukina ibivugwa muri iyo nkuru - Kwihimbira agakuru - Kwandika amagambo akatwa iyo akurikiranye n’inyajwi - Gukora icyandikwa




- Gusomera abanyeshuri agakinamico - Gusobanura amagambo mashya - Gusaba abanyeshuri kugafata mu mutwe - Guha buri munyeshuri urubuga rwe (ibyo agomba gukina) - Kuberekera gukina



Umwaka wa gatanu: igihembwe cya mbere

25

Icyumweru

Intego zihariye

Ibyigwa

Imbonezamasomo

Imfashanyigisho



- Gusoma adahwihwisa - Gusobanura mu magambo make ibyo asomye. - Kuvuga atajijinganya kandi ashize amanga. - Gusomera abandi aranguruye, atagemura, adategwa, yubahiriza utwatuzo n’iyitsa kandi ashyira injyana aho iri. - Kubwira abandi ibyo yafashe mu mutwe - Gukoresha amagambo mashya yungukiye mu muvugo

Ubwoko bw’umwandiko: Umuvugo

- Gusomesha umuvugo bucece - Kubaza ibibazo rusange ku muvugo - Gusoma umuvugo - Gusomesha umuvugo igika ku kindi hasobanurwa amagambo mashya - Gusomesha umuvugo wose - Gufatisha umuvugo mu mutwe - Imyitozo yo gusimbuza amagambo (imbusane, imvugwakimwe, imvugakimwe, ingwizanyito)



26

5.2 Umwaka wa gatanu: igihembwe cya kabiri Icyumweru

Intego zihariye

Ibyigwa

Imbonezamasomo

Imfashanyigisho


Icyumweru cya mbere

- Kubwira abandi ibyo yabonye cyangwa yakoze mu biruhuko - Gukoresha imvugo yabugenewe

- Kubara inkuru - Ikeshamvugo ku nka

- Kubwira abanyeshuri inkuru ngufi noneho akabasaba kuvuga imbere y’abandi ibyo babonye cyangwa bakoze - Gusobanura ikeshamvugo ku nka no gutanga imyitozo


- Kuvuga ibyo yabonye cyangwa yakoze - Gusubiza ibibazo bya bagenzi be - Kuvuga no kwandika amagambo yabugenewe


- Gusoma adahwihwisa - Gusobanura mu magambo make ibyo asomye. - Kuvuga atajijinganya kandi ashize amanga - Gusomera abandi aranguruye, atagemura, adategwa, yubahiriza utwatuzo n’iyitsa kandi ashyira injyana aho iri. - Kubwira abandi ibyo yafashe mu mutwe - Gukoresha amagambo mashya yungukiye mu muvugo

Ubwoko bw’umwandiko: Umuvugo

- Gusomesha umuvugo bucece - Kubaza ibibazo rusange ku muvugo - Gusoma umuvugo - Gusomesha umuvugo igika ku kindi hasobanurwa amagambo mashya - Gusomesha umuvugo wose - Gufatisha umuvugo mu mutwe - Imyitozo yo gusimbuza amagambo (imbusane, imvugwakimwe, imvugakimwe, ingwizanyito



27

Umwaka wa gatanu: igihembwe cya kabiri Icyumweru Intego zihariye Ibyigwa Imbonezamasomo Imfashanyigisho Ibikorwa n’umunyeshuri


- Kuvuga atajijinganya kandi ashize amanga. - Gushakisha byendagusetsa n’urwenya - Kwandika byendagusetsa n’urwenya

Ubwoko bw’umwandiko: Byendagusetsa n’urwenya

- Gutanga ingero z’urwenya na byendagusetsa. - Gusaba abanyeshuri gushakisha urwenya na byendagusetsa - Kubasaba kubivuga no kubyandika

Igitabo cy’umunye- Shuri

- Gusoma byendagusetsa n’urwenya - Kubwira abandi byendagusetsa cyangwa urwenya yumvise ashize amanga - Gushakisha urwenya cyangwa byendagusetsa no kubyandika

Icyumweru cya kane


Ubwoko bw’umwandiko: Umugani muremure Inyungurama-gambo

- Kugirana n’abanyeshuri ikiganiro kigufi kiganisha ku mugani wigwa cyangwa se kwitegereza no gusesengura amashusho awerekeyeho - Gusomesha bucece - Kubaza ibibazo rusange ku mugani - Gusoma umugani wose - Gusomesha umugani igika ku kindi asobanura amagambo mashya - Gusomesha umugani wose - Kubaza abanyeshuri ku mugani wasomwe - Imyitozo yo gusimbuza amagambo (imbusane, imvugwakimwe, imvugakimwe, ingwizanyito


- Kwitegereza amashusho cyangwa ibishushanyo akavuga inkuru ijyanye na byo - Gusoma umugani wose adahwihwisa - Kuvuga muri make ibiri mu mugani yumvise, atajijinganya kandi akurikiza inyurabwenge - Gusoma igika cy’umugani atagemura, adategwa, yubahiriza utwatuzo n’iyitsa - Gusubiza ibibazo abajijwe ku mugani - Gukora imyitozo

28

Umwaka wa gatanu: igihembwe cya kabiri Icyumweru

Intego zihariye

Ibyigwa

Imbonezamasomo

Imfashanyigisho



- Kuvuga ibyo amashusho nsanganyamatsiko asobanura. - Gusoma bucece no gusobanura mu magambo make ibyo yasomye. - Kuvuga atajijinganya kandi ashize amanga. - Gusoma aranguruye. - Gukoresha amagambo mashya yungukiye mu mwandiko. - Gusobanura ingamba zo kubungabunga ibidukikije

Umwandiko ku bidukikije




29


Intego zihariye

Ibyigwa

Imbonezamasomo

Imfashanyigisho



- Kugaragaza uturemajambo tw’izina rusange

Uturemajambo tw’amazina rusange: indomo, indanganteko, igicumbi

- Guhera ku mwandiko wizwe agasaba abanyeshuri kwandukura amazina rusange arimo - Kwandika ku kibaho amwe muri ayo mazina - Kuyasomesha - Kuyagoragoza - Kwerekana ibice bigize ayo mazina - Gukoresha imyitozo


- Gutanga ingero z’amazina rusange - Gusesengura agaragaza indomo, indanganteko n’igicumbi - Gukora imyitozo


- Gusoma bucece - Gusobanura mu magambo make ibyo amaze gusoma. - Gusomera abandi aranguruye, atagemura, adategwa, yubahiriza utwatuzo n’iyitsa - Gutahura ingingo zigize umwandiko - Gusobanura ingamba zo kurwanya marariya

Umwandiko kuri marariya Ingingo zigize umwandiko

- Gusomesha umwandiko bucece - Kubaza ibibazo rusange ku mwandiko - Gusoma umwandiko - Gusomesha umwandiko igika ku kindi batanga ingingo ziri mu mwandiko - Kugararagaza iz’ingenzi - Gusomesha umwandiko wose


- Gusoma bucece - Kuvuga muri make ibiri mu mwandiko, atajijinganya kandi akurikiza inyurabwenge - Gusoma umwandiko wose - Gusoma igika ku kindi avuga ibitekerezo birimo - Gusubiza ibibazo abajijwe ku mwandiko

30


Intego zihariye

Ibyigwa

Imbonezamasomo

Imfashanyigisho



- Kuvuga mu magambo make ibyo abona ku mashusho - Gusobanura inkuru atajijinganya kandi akurikiza inyurabwenge - Kumva ibyo yasomye bucece - Gusomera abandi aranguruye - Gusubiza ibibazo ku nkuru yasomye.

Ubwoko bw’umwandiko: Inkuru ishushanyije

- Kwerekana amashusho - Gusomesha bucece - Kubaza ibibazo rusange - Gusomesha asobanura amagambo mashya - Gusomesha abanyeshuri barangurura - Kubaza abanyeshuri ku byasomwe - Kubasaba kwandika agakuru


- Kwitegereza amashusho - Kuvuga ibyo abona - Gusoma bucece - Gusoma aranguruye - Gusubiza ibibazo ku nkuru - Kwandika agakuru kajyanye n’iyo nkuru - Kugerageza gukina ibivugwa muri iyo nkuru - Kwihimbira agakuru

31

5.3 Umwaka wa gatanu: igihembwe cya gatatu

Icyumweru

Intego zihariye

Ibyigwa

Imbonezamasomo

Imfashanyigisho


Icyumweru cya mbere

- Kuvuga ibyo amashusho nsanganyamatsiko asobanura. - Gusoma bucece no gusobanura mu magambo make ibyo yasomye. - Kuvuga atajijinganya kandi ashize amanga. - Gusoma aranguruye. - Gukoresha amagambo mashya yungukiye mu mwandiko. - Gusobanura ingamba zo kwimakaza umuco w’amahoro

Umwandiko ku kwimakaza umuco w’amahoro

- Kugirana n’abanyeshuri ikiganiro kigufi kiganisha ku mwandiko wigwa cyangwa se kwitegereza no gusesengura amashusho awerekeyeho - Gusomesha bucece - Kubaza ibibazo rusange ku mwandiko - Gusoma umwandiko wose - Gusomesha umwandiko igika ku kindi hasobanurwa amagambo mashya - Gusomesha umwandiko wose - Gukoresha imyitozo no kuyikosora - Kubaza inyigisho iri mu mu mwandiko



32

Umwaka wa gatanu: igihembwe cya gatatu Icyumweru

Intego zihariye

Ibyigwa

Imbonezamasomo

Imfashanyigisho



- Gusoma bucece umwandiko - Gushaka ingingo z’ingenzi - Gutandukanya ibice bigize umwandiko

Imbata y’umwandiko : intangiriro, igihimba n’umusozo

- Gusomesha umwandiko - Kubaza ibibazo biganisha ku ngingo z’ingenzi - Kuzandika ku kibaho - Gusaba abanyeshuri kwerekana ibice by’umwandiko n’ingingo zigize buri gice


- Gusoma umwandiko - Kwerekana ibice biwugize - Kwandika mu magambo make ibikubiye muri buri gice


- Gusoma bucece umwandiko - Gushaka ingingo z’ingenzi - Guhina umwandiko

Ihinamwandiko - Gusomesha umwandiko - Kubaza ibibazo biganisha ku ngingo z’ingenzi - Kuzandika ku kibaho - Gusaba abanyeshuri guhina umwandiko bazifashishije


- Kwandika mu magambo make ibikubiye mu mwandiko wasomwe

Icyumweru cya kane

- Gusoma umwandiko uko bikwiye arangurura ijwi - Gutahura amazina rusange - Kwerekana indanganteko z’amazina - Kurondora inteko z’amazina

Inteko z’amazina

- Gusomesha umwandiko - Gusaba abanyeshuri kuvuga amazina rusange ari mu mwandiko - Kubasaba gusesengura bagaragaza indanganteko - Gukoresha imyitozo ku nteko z’amazina


- Kuvuga amazina rusange ari mu mwandiko - Gusesengura uturemajambo tw’amazina - Kwerekana inteko arimo - Kuzifata mu mutwe

33


Intego zihariye

Ibyigwa

Imbonezamasomo

Imfashanyigisho



- Gutahura ntera ziri mu mwandiko - Kugaragaza uturemajambo twazo - Gukoresha ntera mu nteko zose zishoboka

Ntera

- Gusomesha umwandiko - Kwandika interuro zirimo ntera - Guca akarongo kuri ntera cyangwa kuzandika mu mabara - Gusobanura ubwoko bw’ayo magambo - Kuyasesengura - Gutanga imyitozo


- Gusoma bucece - Kwandukura ntera - Kuzisesengura - Gukora imyitozo


- Kuvuga muri make ubutumwa bukubiye mu ibaruwa - Kwerekana ibice bigize ibaruwa - Kwandika ibaruwa

Ibaruwa isanzwe

- Kuganira n’abanyeshuri ku buryo bukoreshwa mu gutanga ubutumwa - Gusomesha bucece ibaruwa - Kubaza ibibazo ku butumwa buri mu ibaruwa - Gusomesha ibaruwa igice ku kindi - Kwerekana ibice by’ingenzi - Gusobanura ibigomba kujya muri buri gice - Gusaba abanyeshuri kwandika ibaruwa


- Gusoma ibaruwa - Kuvuga muri make ubutumwa bukubiye mu ibaruwa - Gusoma igika cy’ibaruwa adategwa, yubahiriza utwatuzo n’iyitsa - Kugaragaza ibice by’ingenzi bigize ibaruwa - Kwandika ibaruwa akoresha utwatuzo ku buryo buboneye

34


Intego zihariye

Ibyigwa

Imbonezamasomo

Imfashanyigisho





- Gusomera abanyeshuri agakinamico - Gusobanura amagambo mashya - Gusaba abanyeshuri kugafata mu mutwe - Guha buri munyeshuri urubuga rwe (ibyo agomba gukina) - Kuberekera gukina




- Gusoma bucece - Gusobanura mu magambo make ibyo asomye. - Gusomera abandi aranguruye, atagemura, adategwa, yubahiriza utwatuzo - Gusubiza ibibazo ku mwandiko yasomye - Kubahana no gukorera hamwe nta kuvangura ibitsina

Umwandiko ku buringanire

- Gusomesha bucece - Kubaza ibibazo rusange - Kubasomera - Gusomesha asobanura amagambo mashya - Gusomesha baranguruye - Kubaza abanyeshuri ku byasomwe no kuvuga icyo batekereza ku buringanire


- Gusoma bucece umwandiko - Gusoma atagemura, yubahiriza utwatuzo - Kubwira abandi ibyo yasomye n’inyigisho yakuyemo - Kuvuga icyo atekereza ku buringanire

35

6. UMWAKA WA GATANDATU6. UMWAKA WA GATANDATU6. UMWAKA WA GATANDATU6. UMWAKA WA GATANDATU

6.1 Umwaka wa gatandatu: igihembwe cya mbere Icyumweru

Intego zihariye

Ibyigwa

Imbonezamasomo

Imfashanyigisho


Icyumweru cya mbere

- Kuvuga ibyo amashusho nsanganyamatsiko asobanura - Gusobanura mu magambo make ibyo asomewe cyangwa abwiwe. - Kuvuga atajijinganya kandi ashize amanga. - Gusoma bucece - Kubwira abandi ibyo yafashe mu mutwe, cyangwa yumvise atabivangavanze. - Gusomera abandi aranguruye, atagemura, adategwa, yubahiriza utwatuzo n’iyitsa - Kuvuga ibiranga umugani muremure - Gukoresha amagambo mashya yungukiye mu mwandiko.


- Kugirana n’abanyeshuri ikiganiro kigufi kiganisha ku mugani wigwa cyangwa se kwitegereza no gusesengura amashusho awerekeyeho - Gusomesha bucece - Kubaza ibibazo rusange ku mugani - Gusoma umugani wose - Gusomesha umugani igika ku kindi asobanura amagambo mashya - Gusomesha umugani wose - Kubaza abanyeshuri ku mugani wasomwe no kugaragaza ibiranga umugani -Imyitozo yo gusimbuza amagambo (imbusane, imvugwakimwe, ...).


- Kwitegereza amashusho cyangwa ibishushanyo akavuga inkuru ngufi ijyanye na byo - Gusoma umugani wose adahwihwisa - Kuvuga muri make ibiri mu mugani yumvise, atajijinganya kandi akurikiza inyurabwenge - Gusoma igika cy’umugani atagemura, adategwa, yubahiriza utwatuzo n’iyitsa - Gusubiza ibibazo abajijwe ku mugani - Imyitozo

36

Umwaka wa gatandatu: igihembwe cya mbere Icyumweru

Intego zihariye

Ibyigwa

Imbonezamasomo

Imfashanyigisho


Icyumweru Cya kabiri

- Gutahura ikinyazina mu mwandiko - Kuvuga ubwoko bw’ikinyazina

Inshoza y’ ibinyazina: nyereka, mbanziriza na mpamagazi

- Gusomesha umwandiko - Kubaza ibibazo ku mwandiko akandika interuro zirimo ibinyazina byigwa ku kibaho - Guca akarongo ku binyazina no kubasobanurira ikinyazina icyo ari cyo - Kuvuga ubwoko bw’ibinyazina yahisemo - Gutanga imyitozo ku moko y’ibinyazina byizwe


- Gusoma umwandiko - Gutahura ibinyazina - Gukora imyitozo


- Kwisomera ikinyamakuru - Kubwira abandi ibikubiyemo muri make - Gusomera abandi ikinyamakuru - Gukora inyandiko ngufi y’ikinyamakuru

Ubwoko bw’umwandiko: Inkuru yo mu kinyamakuru

- Guha abanyeshuri ibinyamakuru byo gusoma binyuranye - Gusaba buri wese guhina ibyo yasomye - Gusaba buri munyeshuri cyangwa bamwe mu banyeshuri kubwira abandi ibikubiye mu byo basomye - Gusaba buri wese gutegura inyandiko yatangazwa mu kinyamakuru - Guhitamo inyandiko zinoze no kuzikorera ubugororangingo

- Ibinyamaku-ru - Igitabo cy’umunyeshuri

- Gusoma ikinyamakuru - Gutahura ibivugwa mu nkuru yasomye - Kubyandika muri make - Kubibwira bagenzi be muri make - Gukora inyandiko ngufi yo gutangaza mu kinyamakuru

37


Intego zihariye

Ibyigwa

Imbonezamasomo

Imfashanyigisho


Icyumweru cya kane

- Kwandika ibyo bamubwiye yubahiriza amategeko y’imikoreshereze y’inyuguti nkuru - Gukoresha inyuguti nkuru aho ikoreshwa hose - Gukoresha imvugo yabugenewe

Imikoreshereze y’inyuguti nkuru Ikeshamvugo ku ngoma, ku isekuru no ku rusyo

- Gusomesha umwandiko - Gusaba abanyeshuri gutahura amagambo atangijwe inyuguti nkuru - Kubabwira impamvu atangijwe inyuguti nkuru - Gukoresha icyandikwa - Kugikosora - Gusobanura ikeshamvugo ku bikoresho no gutanga imyitozo


- Gusoma umwandiko - Gutahura amagambo yose atangijwe inyuguti nkuru - Kubahiriza imikoreshereze y’inyuguti nkuru - Kuvuga no kwandika amagambo yabugenewe


- Kuvuga ibyo amashusho nsanganyamatsiko asobanura. - Gusobanura mu magambo make ibyo asomye - Kuvuga atajijinganya kandi ashize amanga. - Kubwira abandi ibyo yumvise cyangwa yabonye atabivangavanze. - Gukoresha amagambo mashya yungukiye mu mwandiko.

Ubwoko bw’umwandiko: Inkuru

- Kugirana n’abanyeshuri ikiganiro kigufi kiganisha ku nkuru yigwa cyangwa se kwitegereza no gusesengura amashusho ayerekeyeho - Gusomesha umwandiko bucece - Kubaza ibibazo rusange ku nkuru - Gusoma inkuru yose - Gusomesha inkuru igika ku kindi hasobanurwa amagambo mashya - Gusomesha inkuru yose akosora aho abanyeshuri basoma nabi - Gutanga imyitozo ku nyunguramagambo


- Kwitegereza amashusho cyangwa ibishushanyo akavuga inkuru ijyanye na byo - Gusoma inkuru yose bucece - Kuvuga muri make inkuru yumvise, atajijinganya kandi akurikiza inyurabwenge - Gusoma igika cy’ inkuru atagemura, adategwa, yubahiriza utwatuzo n’iyitsa - Gukora imyitozo

38


Intego zihariye

Ibyigwa

Imbonezamasomo

Imfashanyigisho


Icyumweru Cya gatandatu


Inshoza y’ibinyazina: ngenera na ngenga

- Gusomesha umwandiko - Kubaza ibibazo ku mwandiko akandika interuro zirimo ibinyazina byigwa ku kibaho - Guca akarongo ku binyazina - Kuvuga ubwoko bw’ibinyazina yahisemo - Gutanga imyitozo ku moko y’ibinyazina byizwe




- Kuvuga mu magambo make ibyo abona ku mashusho - Gusobanura inkuru atajijinganya kandi akurikiza inyurabwenge - Gusoma bucece - Gusomera abandi aranguruye - Gusubiza ibibazo ku nkuru yasomye.

Ubwoko bw’umwandiko: Inkuru ishushanyije

- Kwerekana amashusho - Gusomesha bucece - Kubaza ibibazo rusange - Gusomesha asobanura amagambo mashya - Gusomesha abanyeshuri barangurura - Kubaza abanyeshuri ku byasomwe - Kubasaba kwandika agakuru


- Kwitegereza amashusho - Kuvuga ibyo abona - Gusoma bucece - Gusoma aranguruye - Gusubiza ibibazo ku nkuru - Kwandika agakuru kajyanye n’iyo nkuru - Kugerageza gukina ibivugwa muri iyo nkuru - Kwihimbira agakuru

39


Intego zihariye

Ibyigwa

Imbonezamasomo

Imfashanyigisho



- Kwandika isaku njyesi na njyejuru .

Amasaku njyesi na njyejuru âa/ aâ

-Gusomera abanyeshuri amagambo akababaza ikiyatandukanya. - umwâana/umwaâmi - umwâaka/icyaâtsi - umuvûumbyi/umukoôbwa - umuhîinzi/umuhuûngu - Gusaba abanyeshuri gutanga izindi ngero - Kuzandika ku kibaho no gukosora


- Gutanga ingero z’amagambo arimo njyesi na njyejuru - Kwandika amagambo agaragaza ayo masaku - Gusomera abandi ingero yumvisha imiterere y’ijwi

40

6.2 Umwaka wa gatandatu: igihembwe cya kabiri Icyumweru

Intego zihariye

Ibyigwa

Imbonezamasomo

Imfashanyigisho


Icyumweru cya mbere

- Kuvuga ibyo amashusho nsanganyamatsiko asobanura. - Gusoma bucece no gusobanura mu magambo make ibyo yasomye. - Kuvuga atajijinganya kandi ashize amanga. - Gusoma aranguruye. - Kugaragaza ibiranga insigamugani - Gukoresha amagambo mashya yungukiye mu mwandiko.

Ubwoko bw’umwandiko: Insigamugani

- Kugirana n’abanyeshuri ikiganiro kigufi kiganisha ku mwandiko wigwa cyangwa se kwitegereza no gusesengura amashusho awerekeyeho - Gusomesha bucece - Kubaza ibibazo rusange ku mwandiko - Gusoma umwandiko wose - Gusomesha umwandiko igika ku kindi hasobanurwa amagambo mashya - Gusomesha umwandiko wose - Gukoresha imyitozo no kuyikosora


- Kwitegereza amashusho cyangwa ibishushanyo akavuga inkuru ngufi ijyanye na byo - Gusoma umwandiko wose adahwihwisa - Kuvuga muri make ibyo yumvise, atajijinganya akurikiza inyurabwenge - Gusoma igika cy’umwandiko atagemura, adategwa, yubahiriza utwatuzo n’iyitsa, kandi yumvikanisha ibyo asomye - Kuvuga ibiranga insigamugani - Imyitozo yo kuzurisha amagambo mu nteruro - Kuvuga inyigisho akuye mu mwandiko no kuyandika

41

Umwaka wa gatandatu: igihembwe cya kabiri Icyumweru

Intego zihariye

Ibyigwa

Imbonezamasomo

Imfashanyigisho



- Kuvuga ibyo amashusho nsanganyamatsiko asobanura. - Gusoma bucece no gusobanura mu magambo make ibyo yasomye. - Kuvuga atajijinganya kandi ashize amanga. - Gusoma aranguruye. - Gukoresha amagambo mashya yungukiye mu mwandiko. - Gusobanura ingamba zo kwirinda ibiyobyabwenge

Umwandiko ku biyobyabwenge




42


Intego zihariye

Ibyigwa

Imbonezamasomo

Imfashanyigisho



- Kuvuga ibiranga imbundo - Gukoresha imbundo mu nteruro - Gutondagura inshinga mu bihe by’ingenzi

Inshinga: imbundo n’ibihe bikuru by’inshinga (impitakera, impitakare, indagihe, inzagihe)

- Kubaza ibibazo biganisha ku nteruro zirimo inshinga - Kwandika izo nteruro ku kibaho - Kuzisomesha - Gusobanura imbundo n’ibihe by’ingenzi - Gutanga imyitozo no kuyikosora


- Kwerekana imbundo mu nteruro - Kwerekana inshinga zitondaguye mu nteruro - Gutondagura inshinga mu bihe by’ingenzi - Kuvuga igihe inshinga itondaguyemo

Icyumweru cya kane

- Gusoma bucece - Gusobanura mu magambo make ibyo yasomye. - Kuvuga atajijinganya kandi ashize amanga. - Gusomera abandi aranguruye, atagemura, adategwa, yubahiriza utwatuzo n’iyitsa - Kuririmba akurikiza injyana - Gukoresha amagambo mashya yungukiye mu ndirimbo - Gusubiza ibibazo ku ndirimbo - Gukoresha ku buryo buboneye inshoberamahanga

Ubwoko bw’umwandiko: Indirimbo Inshoberama-hanga

- Gusomesha indirimbo bucece - Kubaza ibibazo rusange ku ndirimbo - Gusoma indirimbo - Gusomesha indirimbo igika ku kindi hasobanurwa amagambo mashya - Kuyiririmba yose -Kuririmba igika ku kindi asubirishamo abanyeshuri - Gufatisha indirimbo mu mutwe no kuyiririmbisha - Gufasha abanyeshuri gushaka inshoberamahanga no kuzibasobanurira


- Kuvuga muri make ibiri mu ndirimbo yumvise atajijinganya kandi akurikiza inyurabwenge - Gusoma indirimbo yose - Gusoma igika atagemura, adategwa, yubahiriza utwatuzo n’iyitsa kandi ashyira injyana aho iri - Gusubiza ibibazo abajijwe ku ndirimbo - Gufata mu mutwe indirimbo no kuyiririmba - Gutanga ingero z’inshoberamahanga no kuzisobanura

43


Intego zihariye

Ibyigwa

Imbonezamasomo

Imfashanyigisho



- Kuvuga ibyo amashusho nsanganyamatsiko asobanura. - Gusoma bucece no gusobanura mu magambo make ibyo yasomye. - Kuvuga atajijinganya kandi ashize amanga. - Gusoma aranguruye. - Gukoresha amagambo mashya yungukiye mu mwandiko. - Gusobanura ingamba zo kwirinda sida n’izindi ndwara zifatira mu myanya ndangagitsina

Umwandiko ku cyorezo cya sida




44


Intego zihariye

Ibyigwa

Imbonezamasomo

Imfashanyigisho



- Kwandika neza ibyungo na na nka iyo bikurikiwe n’ikinyazina ngenga - Kwandika neza impakanyi nta, inshinga ikurikiwe n’ibinyazina ndangahantu: ho, mo, yo, na mwo n’akajambo ko - Kwandika neza amagambo: nimunsi, nijoro, nimugoroba, ejobundi - Kwandika neza amagambo akurikira: imuhira, iheru, iburyo, ibumoso, ivure, ikambere, imbere, inyuma, hepfo, haruguru, iwacu, kugira ngo, wa wundi, aho ngaho…

Gufatanya no gutandukanya amagambo mu myandikire

- Gutanga interuro zirimo amagambo agomba kwigwa - Kuzisomesha - Gusaba abanyeshuri kwitegereza imyandikire yayo - Gutanga icyandikwa

Igitabo cy’umunyeshuri Amabwiriza ya Minisitiri n° 13.02/03.2/003 yo ku wa 2 Nyakanga 1985 yerekeye inyandiko yemewe y’ikinyarwanda (Ingingo 11-17)

- Kwandika neza interuro zirimo ibyungo na na nka, impakanyi nta, amagambo aranga ahantu - Kwandika neza amagambo: kugira ngo, wa wundi, aho ngaho….


- Kwandika ku nsanganyamatsiko yahawe yubahiriza inyurabwenge n’injyabihe - Kugaragaza neza ingingo z’ingenzi - Kubahiriza imbata y’umwandiko - Kubahiriza amategeko y’imyandikire y’ikinyarwanda

Guhimba umwandiko

- Gutanga insanganyamatsiko - Kuyisobanurira abanyeshuri - Gushakira hamwe ingingo z’ingenzi - Kwibutsa ibice by’umwandiko n’ibigomba kuvugwa muri buri gice - Gusaba abanyeshuri guhimba umwandiko - Gutanga umukoro - Gusaba buri munyeshuri kubwira abandi ibyo yanditse - Kubikorera ubugororangingo - Guhitamo umwandiko unoze kurusha iyindi akawusomera abandi


- Gusesengura neza insanganyamatsiko yahawe - Kwegeranya ibitekerezo - Guhitamo ingingo z’ingenzi - Gukora imbata y’umwandiko - Kwandika yubahiriza insanganyamatsiko, inyurabwenge, injyabihe, imbata n’amategeko y’imyandikire

45


Intego zihariye

Ibyigwa

Imbonezamasomo

Imfashanyigisho



- Gutanga igitekerezo cye bwite ku nsanganyamatsiko igibwaho impaka - Kwisobanura atanga ingingo zifatika - Kuvuga ashize amanga

Impaka

- Gutanga insanganyamatsiko yo kujyaho impaka - Kuyisobanura - Kurema amatsinda y’abanyeshuri - Kubasaba kujya impaka ku nsanganyamatsiko yatanzwe - Gusaba buri tsinda kwitoramo umuvugizi - Gusaba buri muvugizi gutangariza abandi ibyagezweho no gusaba abandi kubaza ibibazo


- Gutanga ibitekerezo bye ku nsanganyamatsiko - Gusubiza ibibazo bya bagenzi be ashimangira igitekerezo cye

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6.3 Umwaka wa gatandatu: igihembwe cya gatatu

Icyumweru

Intego zihariye

Ibyigwa

Imbonezamasomo

Imfashanyigisho


Icyumweru cya mbere

- Gutahura inyigisho mbonezamuco mu mwandiko wasomwe: gukunda igihugu n’umurimo

Itozamuco: gukunda umurimo no gukunda igihugu

- Gusomesha umwandiko bucece - Gusoma umwandiko - Gusomesha umwandiko wose - Gushima ibyiza no kugaya ibibi. - Kubaza ibibazo rusange ku myitwarire y’abavugwa


- Gusoma umwandiko - Kugaragaza ibibi n’ibyiza mu myitwarire y’abavugwa mu mwandiko - Gushima ibyiza no gufata imigambi


- Kwandika neza itangazo - Gutandukanya ubwoko bw’amatangazo (abika, amenyesha, arangisha, aranga…) - Kwegeranya ingingo zijya mu itangazo akurikije ubwoko bwaryo

Ubwoko bw’umwandiko: Itangazo

- Gusobanura ubwoko bw’amatangazo n’ibigomba kujya muri buri bwoko - Gutanga ingero - Gusaba abanyeshuri kwandika itangazo - Gukosora


Kwandika itangazo no kurisoma

47

Umwaka wa gatandatu: igihembwe cya gatatu Icyumweru

Intego zihariye

Ibyigwa

Imbonezamasomo

Imfashanyigisho



- Kwandika ibaruwa y’ubutegetsi - Kubahiriza intego (imiterere) y’ibaruwa y’ubutegetsi - Kwandika umwirondoro ku buryo buhwitse

Ibaruwa y’ubutegetsi Umwirondoro

- Kuganira n’abanyeshuri ku buryo bukoreshwa mu gutanga ubutumwa - Gusobanura ibitandukanya ibaruwa isanzwe n’iy’ubutegetsi - Gusobanura imvugo ikoreshwa mu ibaruwa y’ubutegetsi - Kwerekana ibice by’ingenzi bigize ibaruwa y’ubutegetsi - Gusaba abanyeshuri kwandika ibaruwa y’ubutegetsi - Kubaha umukoro - Gukosora - Gusobanura umwirondoro icyo ari cyo - Kwerekana ibice biwugize - Kwerekana uko wandikwa - Gusaba buri wese kuvuga no kwandika umwirondoro we

Igitabo cy’umunyeshuri - Ibahasha n’urupapuro

- Kugaragaza ibice by’ingenzi bigize ibaruwa y’ubutegetsi - Kwandika ibaruwa y’ubutegetsi yubahiriza imyandikire y’ururimi rw’ikinyarwanda - Kuvuga ibice by’ingenzi bijya mu mwirondoro - Kwandika umwirondoro hubahirizwa imiterere yawo

48


Intego zihariye

Ibyigwa

Imbonezamasomo

Imfashanyigisho


Icyumweru cya kane

- Kuvuga ibyo amashusho nsanganyamatsiko asobanura. - Gusoma bucece no gusobanura mu magambo make ibyo yasomye. - Kuvuga atajijinganya kandi ashize amanga. - Gusoma aranguruye. - Gukoresha amagambo mashya yungukiye mu mwandiko. - Gusobanura ibyiza by’ubumwe n’ubwiyunge

Umwandiko ku bumwe n’ubwiyunge




49


Intego zihariye

Ibyigwa

Imbonezamasomo

Imfashanyigisho



- Kuvuga ibyo amashusho nsanganyamatsiko asobanura. - Gusoma bucece no gusobanura mu magambo make ibyo yasomye. - Kuvuga atajijinganya kandi ashize amanga. - Gusoma aranguruye. - Kugaragaza ibiranga insigamugani - Gukoresha amagambo mashya yungukiye mu mwandiko.

Ubwoko bw’umwandiko: Insigamugani

- Kugirana n’abanyeshuri ikiganiro kigufi kiganisha ku mwandiko wigwa cyangwa se kwitegereza no gusesengura amashusho awerekeyeho - Gusomesha bucece - Kubaza ibibazo rusange ku mwandiko - Gusoma umwandiko wose - Gusomesha umwandiko igika ku kindi hasobanurwa amagambo mashya - Gusomesha umwandiko wose - Gukoresha imyitozo no kuyikosora

Igitabo cy’umunye-shuri

- Kwitegereza amashusho cyangwa ibishushanyo akavuga inkuru ngufi ijyanye na byo - Gusoma umwandiko wose adahwihwisa - Kuvuga muri make ibyo yumvise, atajijinganya akurikiza inyurabwenge - Gusoma igika cy’umwandiko atagemura, adategwa, yubahiriza utwatuzo n’iyitsa, kandi yumvikanisha ibyo asomye - Kuvuga ibiranga insigamugani - Imyitozo yo kuzurisha amagambo mu nteruro - Kuvuga inyigisho akuye mu mwandiko no kuyandika

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Intego zihariye

Ibyigwa

Imbonezamasomo

Imfashanyigisho




Inshoza y’ibinyazina: nyamubaro, ndafutura na mbaza

- Gusomesha umwandiko - Kubaza ibibazo ku mwandiko akandika interuro zirimo ibinyazina byigwa ku kibaho - Guca akarongo ku binyazina - Kuvuga ubwoko bw’ibinyazina yahisemo - Gutanga imyitozo ku moko y’ibinyazina byizwe




Guhanga umwandiko yubahiriza inyurabwenge n’imyandikire yemewe

Ihimbamwandi-ko

- Gutanga insanganyamatsiko - Kuyisobanura yifashishije ibibazo - Gusaba abanyeshuri gukusanya ibitekerezo, guhitamo iby’ingenzi no gukora imbata - Kubasaba guhanga umwandiko - Kuwukosora - Guhitamo uboneye - Kuwandika ku kibaho


- Gusesengura insanganyamatsiko - Gukusanya ibitekerezo ku nsanganyamatsiko - Gutoranya iby’ingenzi - Gukora imbata y’umwandiko - Kwandika umwandiko

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Intego zihariye

Ibyigwa

Imbonezamasomo

Imfashanyigi-sho



Gukora inyandikomvugo akurikiza amategeko yabugenewe

Inyandikomvu-go

- Guhitamo ikibazo cyajyibwaho inama - Gukoresha inama ishuri rye - Gusobanura inshoza y’inyandikomvugo - Kwerekana ibice bigize inyandikomvugo n’ibigomba kuvugwa mu nyandikomvugo - Gusaba abanyeshuri gukora inyandikomvugo y’inama cyangwa y’ikiganiro no kubakosora


- Gutanga ibibazo byajyibwaho inama - Gutanga ibitekerezo ku nsanganyamatsiko yemewe - Kwandika ingingo z’ingenzi z’ibivugirwa mu nama - Gukora inyandikomvugo

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Inyandiko zifashishijwe CNDP (2004) Politique linguistique du Ministère de l’Éducation, de la Science, de la

Technologie et de le Recherche Scientifique et les grandes lignes du plan stratégique de son implantation, Kigali

MINEDUC (1997) Integanyanyigisho y’ikinyarwanda mu cyiciro cya mbere cy’amashuri abanza (1, 2, 3), Kigali

MINEDUC (1997) Integanyanyigisho y’ikinyarwanda mu cyiciro cya kabiri cy’amashuri

abanza (4, 5, 6), Kigali MINEDUC (1982) Gusoma: umwaka wa gatatu, Kigali MINEDUC (1982) Gusoma: umwaka wa kane, Kigali MINEDUC (1983) Gusoma : umwaka wa gatanu, Kigali MINEDUC (1985) Gusoma: umwaka wa gatandatu, Kigali MINEDUC (2001) Rapport de la session de formation sur les Life Skills, Gasabo, Kigali MINEPRISEC (1985) Amabwiriza ya Minisitiri n° 13.02/03.2/003 yo ku wa 2 Nyakanga 1985 yerekeye inyandiko yemewe y’ikinyarwanda, Kigali MINEPRISEC (1988) Integanyanyigisho z’ikinyarwanda zivuguruye, Kigali MINEPRISEC (1992) Ihugurwa ry’abarimu bo mu cyiciro cya mbere cy’amashuri abanza, Kigali

Documents

RRRREPUBULIKA Y’U RWANDAEPUBULIKA ... - National … · cyigenga cya Elena Guerra ), abakozi b’Ikigo cya Leta gishinzwe integanyanyigisho, n’abarimu ba Kaminuza bazobereye mu