SAORSTAT' EIREANN.

AN ROINN OIDEACHAISTUARASGABHAIL

1930-31.

REPORTOF THE

Department of Education1930-31.

(Presented to the Executive Council by the Minister for Education andlaid before both Houses of the Oireachtas.)

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(P, No. 733)

AN ROINN OIDEACHAIS,IUL, 1932.

DO'N AIRE OIDEACHAIS,

Ta se d'onoir agam an Tuarasgabhail ar an mBliain Scoile agus

ar an mBliain Airgeadais agus Riarachain 1930-31, a chur faoi do

bhraghaid.

SE6sAMH 6 NEILL,

CHAP.

CONTENTS:PART I.-REPORT.

I.GEKERAL INTRODUC nON

PRIMARY EDUCATION:

Section 1. School Attendance2. School Buildings3. Amalgamation of Schools4. Van and Boat Services, &c.5. Supply of Primary Teachers" (a) Preparatory Colleges

(b) Pupil Teachers" (c) Training College Entrance Examination" (d) Training Colleges6. Examination of Pupils of Primary Schools7. Co. Council Scholarships8. Inspection of Schools9. Appeal Board10. The work in the Schools11. Teachi ng through Irish

SCHOOL MEDICAL SERVICE

PROVISION OF SCHOOL j\[EALS

SECOKDARY EDUCATION:

Section 1. General Administration2. Curriculum and Examinations3. The Staff in the Schools4. Secondary Teachers' Superannuation Scheme5. Scholarships6. The Work in the Schools

n.Ill.

IV.

V. TECHNICAL EDUCATION:

Section 1. Change of System2. The Attendance at Classes3. The Efficiency of the Instruction4. Training of Teachers5. Technical School Buildings6. The New Schemes7. Technical School Examinations8. Local Summer Courses.9. Training Schools of Domestic Economy

10. Killarney School of Housewifery11. Residential Schools of Domestic Training12. Trade Scholarships13. Scientific and Industrial Research

METROPOLITAN SCHOOL OF ART

NATIONAL MUSEUM

NATIONAL LIBRARY

REFORMATORY AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS

ENDOWED SCHOOLS

CorSTE NA LEABHAR

VI.

VII.

VIII.

IX.

x.XI.

PAGlt

2

4

••4559

101112121313142327

31

3334363738-l0

454849.'>55~616365666667676868707881

84

87

PART n.-APPENDICES. PAGl!

I. GENl!RAL EDUCATION STATISTICS 90II. PRIMARY EDUCATION:

General Statistics (Number of Schools, Pupils and Teachers;Salaries of Teachers, etc.) 92

School Houses and Teachers' Residences 95Building Grants 95Summary of Operative, Building, and Inoperative Schools 97Numbers of Schools and Pupils and Average Attendance. . 98Classification of Schools According to Average Daily

Attendance 99Numbers of Schools Pupils on Rolls, and Religious

Denominations of Pupils 100umbers and Attendance of Pupils (a) over 6 and under

14 years and (b) over 14 years of age .. 102Avera .e numbers of pupils on Rolls and average attendance 104Pupils arranged according to Standards 105Promotions of Pupils to various Standa d-, 106Ages and Sex of Pupils 107Numbers and Standards of Pupils aged 14 years or over

who left school during the year 109Numbers and Standards of Pupils aged 14 years or over

on rolls 110Model Schools .. IIIConvent and Monastery Schools 112Attendance of Industrial School Children 114Pupil Teachers 114Annual Examinations 114Preparatory Colleges 115Training Colleges . 116Students in Training 1 17Trained and Untrained Teachers 117University Graduates 118Irish Qualifications of Teachers l l SSpecial Grants lIS

Reid Bequest Scheme 119Carlisle and Blake Premiums 120Scholarships in Secondary and Vocational Schools 121Teachers' Pensions and Gratuities 122Income and expenditure of Pension Fund 12:3State Expenditure 124

Ill. SCHOOL MEDICAL SERVICE

Payments made by the Department of Local Governmentand Public Health during the year 1930-31 125

IV. SCHOOL MEALS:

Payments made by Department of Local Government andPublic Health during tl.e year 1930-31 126

V. SECONDARY EDUCATION:

(a) Schools and Pupils(b) Grant-earning Pupils(c) Examinations(d) Scholarships(e) Teachers(f) Registration of Teachers(g) County and Borough Council Scholarships

127127128132J32132133

185185HiS186

to186

to187187188188189

190190

205208

PART II.-APPENDICES-continued. PAGE

(h) Recognition of Primary Schools for Examinations 134(i) The Charleville Endowment 135(j) Financial Statement 135(k) Table showing number of recognised Pupils, Certificate

Examination Results and Amount of Grants .. 136(I) Employment of Registered Teac hers j n recognised

Secondary Schools 165

VI. VOCATIONAL EDUCATION:

(a) Students in Technical Schools. 166(b) Students, elsewhere than in Established Technical

Schools lG8(c) & (d) Fi nancial Statements 170(e) Technical School Examinations 174

VII. REFORMATORY AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS:

(a) Reformatory Schools-General Statistics(b) Industrial Schools-General Statistics.(c) Committals to Reformatory Schools(d) Admissions into Industrial Schools(e) Ages and State of Instruction of Children admitted

Reformatory Schools(f) Ages and State of Instruction of Children admitted

Ind ustrial Schools(g) Discharges from Reformatory Schools(h) Discharges from Industrial Schools(i) Discharges to Employment from Industrial Schools(j) Deaths among Pupils in Industrial Schools

VIII. NATIONAL YrUSEU~1 :

(a) Attendance of Public(b) Principal Purchases, Loans and Donations

IX. NATIONAL LIBRARY:

Principal Gifts and Purchases during the year

X. COISTE NA LEABHAR

REPORT

Part IThe Statistics contained in the present Report are those for the

school year 1930-31 and the Report deals mainly with the educational

developments of that year but the general information given in the

body of the Report is brought up to the latest possible date before

publication.

CHAPTER I.

PRIMARY EDUCATION.

I.SCHOOL ATTENDANCE.

The School Attendance Act which came into operation in the schoolyear 1926-27 was four complete school years in operation on the 30thJune, 1931.

The following table gives the statistics of all pupils on rolls and inattendance for each of the past six years :-

Year ended Average No. Average Percentage ofon Rolls. Attendance. Attendance.

30th June, 1926 518,002 399,281 771927 518,355 413,159 79.71928 512,333 423,974 82.71929 507,840 419,780 82.61930 504,427 420,941 83.41931 502,393 416,723 82.9

The corresponding figures for children, to whom the School Attend-ance Act applies, i.e., children between six and fourteen years of age,were as follows for the year ended 30th June, 1931, and the two pre-ceding years :-

'Year ended

30th June, 1929" 1930" 1931

Average No.on Rolls.

422,073421,142420,311

AverageAttendance.353,582355,607353,819

Percentage ofAttendance.

83.784.484.1

A slight decrease is shown in the percentage of attendance for theyear ended the 30th June, 1931, as compared with that for the pre-vious year, which was the highest yet attained. The abnormally in-clement weather during a portion of the year 1930/31 probably retardedthe recovery of children suffering from illness and, consequently,affected adversely attendance at school. There may be slight fluctua-tions of this kind from year to year, as indicated in this section of thereports of the Department for the years 1928/29 and 1929/30, owingto the special factors affecting School Attendance in the Saorstat,already mentioned in these reports, but it is unlikely that the per-centage of attendance of children between six and fourteen years ofage will vary to any appreciable extent. .

During the year under review the highest percentage of attendanceof children to whom the Act applied, viz., 87.5, was again secured inWaterford City. The percentage in Cork City and in County Louth

Statement showing Number of Pupils on the Rolls arranged according to Standards.

~_I I I

Date Infants 1st 2nd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th Total----

30th June, 1926 · . 171,431 74,832 68,660 67,362 56,142 45,499 24,502 10,237 3,415 522,080

30th" 1928 · . 155,509 76,830 69,171 66,971 58,730 48,333 27,551 10,745 2,826 516,666

30th " 1929 · . 153,101 73,586 69,789 67,077 59,309 48,716 29,196 11,468 2,850 515,092

30th " 1930 · . 150,777 71,379 67,548 67,965 I 59,825 49,319 29,658 11,939 3,139 511,549

30th 1931 147,634 69,848 66,677 61,267 50,642 31,208 12,060 3,240 509,396" · . 66,820 i

I

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4

was 86.2 and in Dublin City and Limerick City was 86.1. The per-centage of attendance was not less than 80 in any School AttendanceArea under the Act.

The gradual increase in the percentage of children in the higherstandards-the most important educational effect of the Act-wascontinued, as may be observed from the Table overleaf. As explainedin the Report of the Department for the school year 1929/30 the fulleffect of the Act from this aspect will not be realised for a further periodof three years.

n.SCHOOL BUILDINGS.

During the financial year 1930/31, grants were made amounting to£139,997 for the building, enlargement and reconstruction of schools.Of this sum £82,652 was for the erection of 36 new schools to accom-modate 5,087 children ; £3,560 was in respect of supplementary grantsmade in the case of 17 new schools erected dUIing previous years or inprocess of erection; £23,001 was for the enlargement of 21 schools toprovide additional accommodation for 1,169 pupils; £2,321 was inrespect of supplementary grants for enlargement in 17 other cases;and £28,463 was for works of structural improvement, provision ofschool furniture, etc., in the case of 22;')schools.

HI.

AMALGAMATION OF SCHOOLS.During the year under review 44 schools were amalgamated resulting

in the elimination of 22 small schools as separate institutions. Theestimated ultimate savings of teaching staff resulting from the dis-continuance of these 22 schools will be 8 mistresses and 27 juniorassistant mistresses.

IV.

VAN SERVICE, BOAT SERVICE, AND GRANTS TOWARDS THEMAINIJ'ENANCEOF ISLAND CHILDREN ON THE MAINLAND.A full explanation has been given in previous reports of the condi-

tions under which grants are made towards the cost of the conveyanceof children to school by van services and boat services. State aid isalso given, to a limited extent, towards the cost, in necessitous cases,of the maintenance, on the mainland, of island children to enable themto attend school.

On the 31st March, 1931, the last day of the financial year 1930/31,the number of van services in operation was 27, and the number ofboat services 10, distributed amongst the counties as follows :-

Van Services.-Cavan 3 ; Cork 5 ; Kerry 1 ; Kilkenny 1 ; Leitrim 2 ;Mayo 5 ; Clare 1 ; Donegal 2 ; Kildare 2 ; Laoighise 1 ; Meath1 ; Monaghan 2 ; Wexford 1.

5

Boat Services.-Donegal 2 ; Galway 3 ; Sligo 1 ; Mayo 4.The total amount paid in respect of Van and Boat Services for the

financial year 1930/31 was £2,305 8s. Od.On the same date the number of island children who were residing

on the mainland, and in respect of whom maintenance grants werebeing paid, was 9. The total amount of grants paid in respect of suchchildren for the financial year 1930/31 was £42 15s. 9d.

V.SUPPLY OF PRIMARY TEACHERS.

As indicated in the Annual Report for 1929-30, arrangementswere then being made under which it was hoped that almost all theplaces in the Training Colleges would in future be filled by studentswho had had the advantage of a secondary education. It was notedin that Report that of those students admitted in 1930, about 65 percent. was derived from the Preparatory Colleges and from the newPupil Teacher system, and that under the new arrangements the can-didates admitted by open competition would be required to pass theLeaving Certificate Examination of the Secondary Schools Branch.With the exception of a very small number of untrained assistantsall the students now admitted have undergone a Secondary Schoolcourse. The percentages of admissions in 1931 were as follows :-

Preparatory College students 37.4 %Pupil Teachers 28.6%University graduates, untrained assistants, etc 10%Open competition candidates 24%

Under the new arrangements the standard of education of personsbecoming teachers of national schools will be considerably raised, andit is believed this will have a very beneficial effect on the quality of thework in national schools.

As there were no vacancies available for open competition in MaryImmaculate Training College, or in Our Lady of Mercy TrainingCollege, the figures given above represent admissions to the men'sColleges and to the Church of Ireland Training College.

As already indicated in previous Reports the main avenues ofadmission to the Training Colleges are :-

(a) The Preparatory Colleges.(b) The pupil-teacher system.(c) Open competition.

(a) Preparatory Colleges.The Preparatory Colleges were established in 1926 to open up a new

channel of recruitment for the Training Colleges and thereby assistmaterially towards providing for a supply of teachers who would befully competent to carry out the requirements of the National PlO-

6

gramme which had been adopted for use in Primary schools. Themain features of the scheme and the progress made in its developmenthave been outlined in previous Annual Reports.

The scheme provides for seven residential Colleges-three for Catho-lic boys, three for Catholic girls and one for Protestant boys and girls-with about 670 students in all in residence.

Location of the Colleges.With the exception of the Catholic boys' Colleges at Dublin and the

College for Protestant students, it was decided to establish the Collegesin the Gaeltacht. The three girls' Colleges situated in the Kerry,Tirconaill and Mayo Gaeltacht Areas are in full operation in new andpermanent premises, each accommodating 100 students. Two of theboys' Colleges-one to be provided in the Munster Gaeltacht and theother in Connacht-have not yet been erected, but these Colleges are atpresent operating in temporary premises in Mallow and Dublin. Asite for the Munster College has been acquired and it is hoped that theerection of the building will be commenced at an early date.

College Examinations.(1) Leaving Certificate Examination, 1931.

The very satisfactory results achieved by the students at the Inter-mediate and Leaving Certificate Examinations in 1929 and 1930 werefully maintained and in some respects surpassed in 1931.

The second group of students completed their Preparatory Collegecourse in June, 1931. Fifty-one boys from Colaiste Caoimhin attendedthe Leaving Certificate Examination, all passed and fifty of themobtained honours. All these students did the honours course in eachof nine subjects, the majority of them obtained honours in six or moresubjects and a number of them obtained honours in every subject.

Forty-one girls from Colaiste Brighde, Falcarragh, attended theexamination, and all passed with honours. The majority of themobtained honours in five or six subjects and a considerable numberobtained honours in seven or eight subjects.

Fifty-two girls from Colaiste Muire, Tourrnakeady, attended; 51passed, 40 obtaining honours. Nearly half these students took thehonours course in Mathematics. These results are very satisfactory,especially in view of the fact that the period of the course in thisCollege had been considerably curtailed and interfered with by thetransfer of the College from Letterkenny to Dublin and subsequentlyfrom Dublin to Tourmakeady.

Fifteen students from Colaiste Moibhi, the College for Protestantstudents, also attended the examination-14 passed, 11 obtainedhonours. As in the case of the other Colleges these students receivedtheir instruction and did the examination through the medium ofIrish, and the result was especially remarkable, having regard to the

7

fact that these students' knowledge of Irish was very limited on theiradmission to the College.

(2) Lntermediate Certificate Examination, 1931.

The results of the Intermediate Certificate examination were alsovery satisfactory; of 95 students from Catholic Colleges, all passed,92 obtaining honours:-

(3) Examination Results.

The following tables show the results of the Intermediate andLeaving Certificate Examinations, 1931, in the case of candidatesfrom each of the Colleges.

Intermediate Certificate Examination, 1931.

No.College No. No. passed with

examined passed Honours

Colaiste na Mumhan, Mallow 35 35 35Colaiste Ide, Dingle 35 35 35Colaiste Brighde, Falcarragh 25 25 24Colaiste Moibhi, Glasnevin 15 13 8

.Leaving Certificate Examination, 1931.

No.College No. No. passed with

examined passed Honours

Colaiste Caoimhin, Glasnevin 51 51 50Colaiste Muire, Tourmakeady 52 51 40Colaiste Brighde, Falcarragh 41 41 41Colaiste Moibhi, Glasnevin 15 14 11

Recreation, Games, and Social Activities in the Colleges.Considerable care and attention is given to the maintenance of the

health of the students and outdoor and indoor games are stronglyencouraged. In the boys' Colleges hurling, football and handball areextensively played. The College teams have regular fixtures in theLeague competitions with other Secondary Schools in which Gaelicgames are played, and have been generally very successful. In thegirls' Colleges Camogaidheacht, Basket Ball and Tennis are played,but no facilities exist for school competitions.

Indoor games are also provided and successful concerts, plays anddramatic entertainments are staged from time to time. In some ofthe Colleges Irish figure dancing is regularly practised.

8

Recruitment.The competition at the examination for entrance to the Colleges

continues to be very keen. In 1931, 1,345 candidates (444 boys and901 girls) attended the examination, and of these, 184 boys and 324girls reached the qualifying standard. There were about 200 placesavailable in the Colleges so that only somewhat less than one half ofthose who qualified succeeded in obtaining admission to the Colleges.In 1932 about 1,783 candidates attended the entrance examination-an increase of 438 on the figure for the previous year.

Special Schemes for the Fior Ghaeltacht.Reference was made in the previous Annual Report to the dearth of

suitable candidates from intensely Irish-speaking districts, especiallythe extensive Connacht Gaeltacht, and to the steps taken by theDepartment to give the scheme the widest publicity and encourage-ment in these areas. Last year it was decided to modify the regula-tions for the examination and for the scheme generally, in respect ofchildren from Irish-speaking homes in the Fior Ghaeltacht. This wasdone to ensure the admission of a reasonable number of native speakersof Irish each year, and to encourage parents and teachers in those areasto give their fullest co-operation in making the scheme a success.The modifications in the reguluations as affecting Fior Ghaeltachtchildren are that :-

(a) for such candidates the upper age limit has been raised from15t to 16t;

(b) one-half of the places reserved for candidates who areadjudged to be fluent Irish speakers will, in futur e, beretained for candidates who fulfil the prescribed condi-tions, and these places will be allocated to the differentmain Fior Ghaeltacht areas on the basis of the Irish-speaking population in each area;

(c) a special preliminary course in Preparatory Colleges orapproved Secondary Schools in preparation for the nextfollowing entrance examination will be provided for alimited number of the above candidates who fail to secureplaces in the Preparatory Colleges, but whose answeringat the examination shows promise.

(d) Grants towards the cost of outfit, travelling expenses, etc.,not exceeding £30 for the first year and £20 f01 each sub-sequent year will be made, where the circumstanceswarrant it, for students of the above type who obtainplaces in the Preparatory Colleges or are selected for thespecial preliminary course.

(e) Prizes of £5 each will be awarded to such candidates whoseanswering at the examination shows promise, but fail tosecure places in the College or to obtain scholarship.

9

U) Small Grants in aid of expenses in connection with attendanceat the entrance examination will be paid to such candi-dates if they live at a distance from the examinationcentre.

(g) Provision is also made for the payment of gratuities to tea-chers of National Schools who prepare such candidates forthe examination.

(h) Furthermore, on the completion of their Preparatory Collegecourse, advances will be made to such students for the pay-ment of their training college fees-these advances to berepaid over a period of years when the teacher secures anappointment in a national school.

The issue of these regulations has aroused inter est in the schemethroughout the Gaeltacht generally and especially in the Connacht andTirconaill areas. Over 130 candidates from Connacht (nearly 100 ofthem from the Fior Ghaeltacht area of Connemara) attended forexamination, and there were four times as many candidates fromConnemara as there were in the previous year. 140 candidates fromTirconaill-all from Irish-speaking homes-attended the Examinationat Easter, 1932. This is more than double the figure for previousyears. In all it is estimated that nearly 350 candidates from Irishspeaking homes in the Fior Ghaeltacht attended that examination,i.e., at least twice as many as in any previous year. This represents amost remarkable increase in the recruitment from these districts.

Special Preliminary Course.

The special course referred to at (c) above was organised for the1931/32 school year. Twenty-four candidates (7 girls from Connachtand eight boys and nine girls from Tirconaill), who showed promiseat the 1931 entrance examination, were provided with a course ofspecialised study in selected residential schools in preparation for the1932 examination for entrance to the Preparatory Colleges, and grantswere made in these cases for the provision of outfit, travelling andincidental expenses. Twenty-three of these students attended theexamination and twelve of them passed. One boy and two girlsobtained places in the Preparatory Colleges and one boy and threegirls obtained scholarships in Secondary Schools.

(b) Pupil Teachers.In 1930 about 50 per cent. of the girl pupil teachers were assigned

to schools classified as "A" schools under the Secondary Branchregulations, i.e., schools in which all the instruction, apart from theteaching of English as a subject, is given through the medium of Irish.In 1931 all the girl pupil teachers (73 in number), were appointed to" A "schools. As regards the boys it has not been found possible toassign them to " A " Schools, there being very few " A " schools for

10

boys and these comparatively small and non-residential. Preferencehas, however, been given in the making of the appointments to thoseschools in which arrangements are being made to have a fair numberof the subjects of the Pupil Teacher Course taught through the mediumof Irish.

The number of Pupil Teachers appointed in 1930 was 6S boys andS4 girls, and in 1931,81 boys and 73 girls.

The Pupil Teachers who were appointed in 1929 presented them-selves at the Leaving Certificate Examination in 1931 with the fol-lowing results :-

Boys GirlsNumber examined S9 74Number who passed with Honours 39 67Number who passed .. 19 S

O? the 30th June, 1931, there were 94 first year Pupil Teachers and124 second year Pupil Teachers undergoing their course.

(c) Training College Entrance Examination.Open Competition Candidates.

The new system of examination for open competition candidates forentrance to the Training Colleges came into operation in 1931. Asexplained in previous reports the former system of obtaining can-.didates for these places consisted of an oral and written examinationat Easter over a wide range of subjects. The new arrangement pro-vides for an examination at Easter in Oral Irish, Oral English, Music,and a practical examination in Needlework for girls. Those candidateswho qualify at this preliminary examination are admitted to theLeaving Certificate Examination in the following June and the can-didates are selected in order of worth for admission to the TrainingColleges on the combined results of these two examinations.

The following table shows the numbers of candidates at the EasterPreliminary and the Leaving Certificate examinations, respectively,in 1931 and 1932 and the results of these examinations :-

Easter PreliminaryExamination

Leaving CertificateExamination

------1----- - --------1931 1932 1931 1932

No. No. o. No. No. No. No. No.who who who who who who who who

attended passed attended passed attended passed attended passed._-- ---- --- ---- --- ---- ---

Men 249 236 282 249 231 81 242 III

\\'omen 60 43 273 224 57 2 249 60

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(d) Training Colleges.

An analysis of the lists of students in the Training Colleges at thecommencement of the session 1931/32 reveals the fact that well over70 per cent. had been admitted on the result of the Leaving CertificateExamination and many of these had passed the Leaving CertificateExamination with Honours. The standard of the general educationof the students in training is now much higher than it was some yearsago, with the result that it will be possible to devote more time andattention to the professional side of the training than has been donehitherto.

Use of Irish in the Training Colleges.-In previous reports referencewas made to the great extension of Irish as a medium of instruction inthe Training Colleges, and it is pleasant to be able to record a continuedimprovement in this respect. In the four Colleges for Catholic students,by far the greater part of the lectures on the general subjects is giventhrough Irish, and the great majority of the lessons for the Tests inPractical Teaching are given in Irish. In the Church of Ireland Train-ing College, owing to the weakness in Irish of many of the entrants,teaching through the medium of Irish is not undertaken, but the im-provement recorded last year in the students' fluency in Irish and intheir ability to teach Irish is maintained.

The extension of the use of Irish as a teaching medium is best shownin the degree to which the final year students at the summer examina-tions worked their examination papers through Irish :-

1928 1929 1930 1931

Mary Immaculate, Limerick 73% 83% 86% 94%St. Patrick's, Drumcondra 18% 27% 34% 74%Our Lady of Mercy, Blackrock .. 18% 50% 74% 74%De La Salle, Waterford 69% 60% 68% 70%

Progress in the use of Irish is to be measured not only by its exten-sion as a medium in class-rooms, and examination halls, but by theincreasing use of the language in the social life of the Colleges. Irish iscommonly used at debates, concerts, plays, etc. It is more important,perhaps, that the language should be in ever increasing use among the-students in their private intercourse and on the playing fields than informal use in class-halls and practising schools, and the advent of thestudents now coming from the Preparatory Colleges should have astimulating effect in this direction.

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VI.

EXAMINATION OF PUPILS OF PRIMARY SCHOOLS.Primary School CertificateExaminatiun.-The examination for the

award of Primary School Certificates has now been held for three con-secutive years. The numbers of candidates examined and the numberwho qualified for certificates were as follows :-

Year No. examined

1929

1930

1931

1932

9,327

10,0079,198

10,121

No. who qualifiedfor certificates

7,427

7,397

7,042

All pupils who have completed the Sixth Standard Course in nationalschools are eligible to compete.

At first sight the above figures would seem to indicate that there is afalling off both in the number of pupils attending and in the numberwho qualified for certificates. In order to understand the pupils fully,however, they have to be considered in connection with the regulationwhich precludes from a subsequent examination any pupil who hasalready been awarded a Primary School Certificate. A further circum-stance affecting the attendance at the examination would seem to bethat there is a tendency to keep pupils for an extra year at schoolbefore presenting them for examination, rather than risk failure. Aninvestigation of the papers worked by the candidates indicates amarked improvement in the standard of the answering and a higherdegree of general proficiency than was shown at the examinationsin 1929 and 1930. The number of candidates who sat for the 1932examination was 10,121, which is the largest number for any yearsince the examination was established.

VII.

COUNTY COUNCIL SCHOLARSHIPS.The number of candidates who presented themselves for examina-

tion in 1931 for Scholarships to Secondary and Vocational Schoolsawarded by County Councils was 1,049 as compared with 1,225 in 1930.It is difficult to understand the reason for this decrease unless, perhaps,it may be that the candidates who normally would compete for theseScholarships prefer to compete for entrance to Preparatory Colleges.The value of the County Council Scholarships ranges from £15 to £50per annum, and the periods vary from four to six years.

Of the 1,049 candidates who competed in 1931,429 (or 40 per cent.)passed the examination. 226 Scholarships were awarded by theCounty Councils, so that 52.7 per cent. of those who passed the exami-

13

nation obtained Scholarships. The following County Councils did notsubmit Schemes for 1930-31 :-Clare, Carlow, Donegal, Kildare,Limerick County, Waterford County and Wicklow.

The number of candidates who enter for the examination representsonly about 2.3 per cent. of the pupils enrolled in Sixth and higherstandards in national schools in the country as a whole. Even whenallowance is made for the fact that one-fourth of the counties have noscholarship schemes the lowness of the percentage indicates a poordegree of competition for the Scholarships.

VIII.

INSPECTION OF SCHOOLS.The new system of inspection which is based, with certain modifi-

cations, on the recommendations of the Committee set up to inves-tigate the former system, is being carried out on the whole withsatisfactory results.

Owing largely to the number of vacancies arising in the Inspectorateand the delays incidental to the obtaining and training of new Inspec-tors, it has not been found possible to carry out as fully as is desirablethe recommendations of the Committee. An effort was made torelieve the Inspectors of some of the heavy work connected with theexaminations for entrance to Training Colleges, but the lessening ofthe work in this way has to some extent been balanced by the greatincrease in the candidates for the Preparatory Colleges and the numberof teachers presenting themselves annually for examination for Irishcertificates.

The Inspectors, however, are on the whole, satisfied that the mainfeatures of the present system of inspection are sound and that mucheducational benefit will follow from its adoption, provided that theconditions for its operation which the Committee on Inspection con-plated when making their recommendations are realised.

It will be necessary to examine the work of the system still furtherunder the present conditions with a view to making such arrangementsas will enable the Inspectors to give more of the time to work in theschools.

IX.

APPEAL BOARD.The Appeal Board held ten meetings from April, 1931, to March,

1932. The number of appeals from individual teachers during thatperiod was 38. The Board made recommendations to the Minister asto the action to be taken in these cases and on a few occasions for-warded for his consideration suggestions on points of generalofficial procedure in connection with Inspectors' General Reports.

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x.THE WORK IN THE SCHOOLS.

School Accommodation.Speaking generally it may be said that the number of schoolbuild-

ings is adequate except in expanding suburbs as in Dublin and Cork,where a pressing need for new schools has arisen and during the pastfew years some five new buildings have been erected in such districts.

A considerable percentage of the national school buildings are old.About eight to ten per cent. of them would be condemned as un-suitable for use as schools on present day standards. In additionthere are a large number of schools in which there is only one roomfor a staff of two or more teachers. In some districts as many as30 to 40 per cent. of the teachers work under these conditions. Inall modern school buildings each teacher is provided with a class-room and, where possible, existing schoolhouses, otherwise satis-factory, should be altered to provide such accommodation for theirstaffs.

Some advance, steady if slow, has been made in replacing de-finitely unsuitable schoolhouses and in reconstructing other schoolbuildings to meet existing educational needs, but more rapid progressis needed and it is hoped within the next few years to deal inten-sively with both aspects of the problem.

Maintenance of Buildings; Out-Offices; Playgrounds.While many managers maintain the school buildings under their

control in a satisfactory manner, it is a common subject of complaintthat the maintenance and care of the buildings do not receive adequateattention. In too many cases the painting of the woodwork and thelime-washing or distempering of the walls is not carried out regularly.Small repairs are not effected punctually. The result is an appearanceof neglect in the case of many of our schools and also speedy andoftentimes serious deterioration, with consequent largely increasedexpenditure on maintenance and repairs.

The interior of the great majority of schools is kept reasonablyclean and neat, and a minority-generally convent schools andschools under women teachers-are kept with admirable taste. Fre-quently, however, the dusting and sweeping of the classrooms mightbe more thorough and the washing of rooms and passages morefrequent. Maps discoloured by age, and even torn maps, are tobe seen on school walls. School presses are often untidy. Tooseldom are good pictures to be seen in schools, while flowers might bemore frequently grown in school plots and window boxes. Theunkempt appearance of schoolhouses and the damage to the premisesdone by intruders in the evenings are less frequent when the teacherslive near the schools. While many managers appreciate the cultural

15

effect upon the pupils of beautiful classrooms and tastefully kept sur-roundings, there is, unfortunately, a considerable number of managerswho apparently are little concerned with this important aspect ofeducation. Inspectors have been asked to pay special attention tothis matter and report specially on it in future.

A considerable number of schools have no playgrounds; and manyof the playgrounds are quite unsuitable, being wet and muddy for agreat part of the year for want of proper drainage. The paths some-times disappear for want of trimming and renewal of gravel. Theapproaches to the out-offices are sometimes almost impassable, whilethe out-offices and their surroundings are often in a quite insanitarycondition. The emptying of the pits of out-offices is seldom effectedoftener than once a year, and it is becoming increasingly difficult tosecure the services of persons willing to do this work.

Schools that have gardens or plots for outdoor instruction in rural'science are a very small proportion, about eight per cent., of the totalnumber.

The Teachers.The majority of the teaching body attend to their school duties with

fidelity, and bring to the performance of their daily work aptitudeand diligence. Apart from Irish, in which a considerable number-mostly the older teachers-have not yet obtained any qualification, theteachers may on the whole be considered well qualified by trainingand successful experience for their responsible work.

The work of the schools has, however, become more difficult sincethe introduction of the present programme. The teachers, so far asage and other circumstances permitted, have been required to learnwhat was to many of them a new language; they have been requiredto teach that language to their classes, and where it was possibleto do so, to introduce that language as a teaching medium. Theyhave, moreover, been expected to view the content of other subjectsfrom a new angle and to make their instruction in them harmonize withthe new aim that the education of the child should be in close touchwith national tradition and the life of the locality. The teachers haveresponded to the new demands with varying degrees of enthusiasm,and the success attending their efforts has not in all cases fulfilledexpectations, but a considerable proportion of the teaching bodydeserves to be congratulated on the zeal and energy with which theyhave endeavoured to realize the aims of the programme and on thesuccess attending their efforts.

In regard to the qualifications of teachers in Irish it may be notedthat the number holding the various kinds of certificates increases yearby year, and that many teachers make great efforts by attendance atIrish courses in the Gaeltacht during the summer vacation, and byhome study during the winter, to meet the Department's require-ment's in the matter of Irish qualifications. There are, on the other

16

hand, many teachers, not advanced in years, who have not madethe progress which might be expected in acquiring a competentknowledge of Irish. The position now is that 32 per cent. of theteachers hold the Ordinary certificate, 34 per cent. the Bilingualcertificate, and 6 per cent. the Ard Teastas, while 28 per cent. arewithout any certificate.

In their reports the inspectors classify teachers under three head-ings, according to the efficiency they attain in the general work oftheir schools. The following is the percentage under each head for theyear under review :-

Highly Efficient 30 per cent. (approx.)Efficient 6SNon-Efficient S

While these figures afford much ground for satisfaction, showing asthey do that the great majority of the teachers discharge their dutieswith efficiency, the reports of the Inspectors show that there are stillmany teachers capable of attaining a higher standard of achievement intheir schools. It is satisfactory to record that the number of teachersrated as non-efficient is on the whole definitely declining.

The following are some of the causes that militate at present againstthe attainment of a higher standard in our schools :-

1. Many teachers do not yet possess a competent knowledgeof Irish, and the preparation for Irish teaching is ofteninadequate, or unsuitable. This criticism applies to a lesserextent to other subjects.

2. Many teachers do not continue their professional studies orgeneral reading after training. If a teacher ceases to be astudent and abandons intellectual interests his work tendsto become routine and mechanical in the classroom.

3. There is an increasing tendency on the part of teachers of ruralschools to reside in the towns and to travel to their schoolsby motor. This weakens the bond which ought to existbetween teachers and parents, between the school and theschool district.

4. The principal teachers of some large schools do not exercise adirective influence over the work of their staffs.

S. A large number of teachers do not avail themselves of thestimulus which preparation for the Primary SchoolLeaving Certificate would provide for senior pupils. Workfor this examination would guide them in regard to theproficiency which should be reached in standard VI.

In considering the work accomplished by teachers one must haveregard to considerations other than mere proficiency and success inexaminations. The Inspector in reviewing the teacher's work gives animportant place to the teacher's function in the training of character,and to the behaviour, manners, and deportment of the children. Fre-

I

1

17

quently this aspect of the teacher's work is the hardest to assess cor-rectly. The discipline of the school is as much moral as intellectual.There, habits are formed for good or evil. From the example of hismaster, from the example of his fellows, the character of the futurecitizen is being formed. Will he be honest and truthful, will he bekind and courteous, will he be self-centred or will he have his lifecoloured by an ideal, will he be faithful to the best traditions of hisrace and will his outlook be Irish? These questions, will to someextent be determined by " little nameless unrecorded acts" of schoollife, by the sympathetic guidance and friendly admonition of a goodmaster.

In this connection an Inspector writes :-" Cad a gheibheann an leanbh as an obair go leir? Muintear

cneastacht is deigh-bheasa dho. Muineann na h-oidi creideamhis deinid a lan dona scolairi nach mbionn innsint sceal air."

Proficiency of the Pupils.

Irish.The proficiency attained in Oral Irish varies very much from school

to school. Where the teachers are well qualified, skilful, and enthusi-astic, very satisfactory results are obtained. 'Where knowledge, skill,or enthusiasm is lacking, less satisfactory, and sometimes very dis-appointing work is done. Generally it would appear that progress ismore satisfactory in the lower than in the higher standards. Somefault is found by Inspectors with the progress in infant classes, butthere is general agreement that satisfactory progress is made instandards I to Ill, after which there is a falling off in the rate ofattainment.

There is a general note of disappointment in the Inspectors'reports with regard to the work of the schools in making Irish speakersof the pupils. If the majority of our pupils do not acquire a reason-able facility in expressing their ordinary ideas in Irish before theyleave school and if they are not imbued with a love for the languagethat will urge them to employ it in daily use and to seek opportunitiesafter. leaving school of improving their command of it, we shall makelittle progress in getting nearer the goal of an Irish-speaking Ireland,and our efforts in the schools will be almost fruitless. In this connec-tion one Inspector writes :-

"I dtaoibh na Gaedhilge tuigtear anois nach bhfuil obair dadheanamh in urmhor na scol a chabhroch le gnath theangain tein-teain agus sraide a dheanamh di."

Another Inspector says :-" Ta na cigiri sasta leis an dul ar aghaidh i nGaedilg mar adhbhar

scoile, ach taobh amuigh de sin is beag an maoidheamh ata aca asmuineadh na Gaedhilge. Nil si le cloisint ar phairc an imeartha, no

c

18

ar an bhealach chuig an scoil. Can fhuil se ar chumas na sgoltachleo fein an Gaedhilg a thabhairt ar ais mar ghnath theangaidh nandaoine."

Many teachers teach Irish with considerable effectiveness as a schoolsubject. They teach it with the same conscientious earnestness withwhich they teach any other subject, and no more. Irish to them isjust one of several subjects. Once the Irish lesson is over, no moreIrish is heard. Irish is not made use of as the ordinary language of theschool to give orders, make inquiries, etc. Irish teachers do notutilize the language as a real vehicle of speech. Frequenly no emo-tional appeal to the pupils is made. The pupils are not exhorted tolearn Irish as a national duty. No explanation is given them as to thereasons why we learn Irish, or the goal towards which pupils andteachers are striving. The pupils' active volition is not enlisted on theside of the language. Sometimes the learning of Irish is nothing morethan aimless drudgery. Such teaching will not produce Irish speakersnor realize in any degree the aims of the programme.

There is, of course, a proportion of teachers possessed of skill andenthusiasm who devote thsmselves day after day to the task of impart-ing a fluent command of the language to their pupils, and to imbuingthem with their own faith in the cause. Irish to them is not a subjectin a water-tight compartment. History, geography, singing, even thematter of occasional lessons in the English reading books are usedto create an Irish atmosphere for the pupil and to arouse in him aGaelic spirit and outlook. If circumstances permit, such teachersendeavour to impart as much of the instruction as possible throughthe medium of Irish, and the Inspectors report that there is a steady,if somewhat slow, increase in the tendency to make use of Irish as amedium of instruction. There are some schools in all districts wherethe instruction is entirely, or almost entirely, given through Irish. Butprogress in this respect must wait upon the securing of improvementin spoken Irish, and in general the schools can only-however excellentthe teachers may be-e-attain a limited success, if they are not aidedand encouraged by outside forces, by the Church, the Press and bypublic opinion.

Defective method is frequently the explanation of the failure tosecure better results in Irish speech. Some teachers have not suffi-ciently studied the structure of the language with a view to selectingfor their lessons the vocabulary and moulds of speech which thechild needs to express his ordinary desires and ideas. These teachersare driven to rely too much on the reading lesson as the core of instruc-tion, as they do in the case of English, and the work lacks the appealof vivacious and interesting conversation lessons, which should be asmuch in the nature of play as of serious learning. A tendency towardsimprovement in the treatment of conversation is noted by someInspectors, one of whom states :-

19

" The excessive amount of time formerly devoted to reading hasbeen curtailed, and though discussion of the matter of the text,the story and the poem is still rightly attended to, these are nolonger solely depended on for conversation."

The same officer notes that the practice of making use of Irish in theroutine work of the school is steadily growing.

Written Irish.Irish penmanship is generally well taught. Few teachers teach the

Roman script for Irish writing, and much of the Gaelic penmanshipin our schools is very well done. Irish written composition is nottaught in the average school with much success. As a rule where con-versation is well taught written composition is satisfactory. In theearly stages thorough preliminary class preparation is necessary forthe exercises in written composition, but some teachers err in con-tinuing too long this thorough oral treatment, so that the pupils donot acquire sufficient dependence on their own efforts and the exer-cises lack individuality and freedom of expression. This criticismdoes not refer to the necessity for treatment of the subject on theblackboard and the method of building up of compositions fromnotes, sentences and paragraphs. Failure to teach spelling andgrammar systematically are also causes of weakness in Irish com-position.

Oral English.

Oral English, especially as regards style of reading and recitationis generally successfully taught. Some inspectors find that undueattention is given to mere reading aloud even in the advanced classes,and insufficient attention is paid to the discussion and appreciationof the matter read. A standard literary work is as a rule read in thesenior standards, and there is a general tendency to select a work ofIrish interest. In some schools insufficient time is devoted to silentreading in the higher classes, and to developing among the pupils thepower of reading for themselves. Where books are to be had fromcounty libraries some teachers succeed in cultivating among theirsenior pupils a taste for literature, while other teachers merely dis-tribute the books and do not give the pupils any guidance as to howbest to profit by their reading.

Speaking of English, with particular regard to the work of seniorstandards, one Inspector states :-

"Insufficient attention is devoted to speech training, to theenlargement of vocabulary and to the development in the pupilsof the power of expressing themselves fully and of understandingand appreciating the subject matter of what they read."

Another Inspector states:-"<Muintear an Bearla i bhfad nios fearr na mar muintear an

Ghaedhilg, agus muintear go maith sa nGaedhealtacht e. Is fearr

.L

20

go mar an Bearla i scoileanna na Gaedhealtachta na an Ghaedhilgins an nGallta<:ht. Na hoidi a mhuineann Gaedhilg go han-mhaith,bionn an toradh ceadna ar an mlsearla aca. D'fheadfai feabhas achur ar an mBearla, amh, le leabhair nios fearr a thoghadh."

Written English.Written English, both in the matter of penmanship and composi-

tion, is in general satisfactorily taught. Much of the penmanship isgood, and the exercises are generally neat and careful. The markingof errors and their subsequent correction by the pupils are regularlyattended to, though sometimes the correction does not go beyonderrors of spelling, and the more serious errors of expression andarrangement are left unnoticed. Some Inspectors note that whilethe essays of the senior standards are on the whole good, they areseldom very good. Frequently they find a lack of freshness in ideasand expression. This is usually caused by the fact that the rangeof subjects is not sufficiently wide and interesting. Pupils should beencouraged to relate their own experiences and to make use of theirgeneral reading. Failure to train pupils to augment their vocabularyfrom their reading matter results in poverty of language in the writtenwork. As in Irish, want of systematic teaching of spelling and grammarsometimes results in frequent errors in the written work.

Mathematics.The reports of the Inspectors show substantial agreement that

Arithmetic is fairly satisfactorily taught. Generally speaking, in mostschools an effort is made to treat the subject on more rational linesthan was the case a generation ago, but the same amount of timecannot now be given to it. It would appear that the subject is moresuccessfully taught in the junior than in the senior standards, andmore use is made of concrete material in these standards. The workshould naturally become more abstract in the higher classes, but thecriticism is frequent that in many schools it becomes too much so, andis not corrected by frequent recourse to concrete illustration andreference to the practical affairs of life, and the experience of thepupils. As a remedy for the defects noted in the teaching of Arith-metic, the Inspectors suggest that :-

(1) There should be more oral work, especially when leading upto principles.

(2) There should be more discussion of problems and processeswith blackboard illustration.

(3) The teaching of weights and measures should be done in con-nection with much measuring and weighing by the pupilsthemselves.

(4) In the higher standards the importance of a sound knowledgeof fractions, and the inter-relation of Fractions, Decimals

21

and Percentages should be grasped. Interest, Profit andLoss, Discount, etc., to be treated as applications of thiswork.

(5) Pupils should be trained in intelligent presentation of workon paper in using symbols and in showing clearly thestages of the work.

(6) Short methods should be adopted wherever possible.

(7) There is a need for better textbooks. Some teachers, however,rely too much on textbooks (frequently faulty ones).

(8) The work in Arithmetic should deal largely with the daily lifeand activities of the district.

Algebra and Geometry are taught in boys' schools and in mixedschools under a master. They are not obligatory subjects in girls'schools and are seldom taught in them. An hour per week generallyis given to Algebra and an hour to Geometry. Only a moderate degreeof success generally is achieved in these branches, Algebra being usuallybetter than Geometry. The Standard VI course is seldom coveredin the average two-teacher school. Many teachers have difficulty inadapting their teaching to the modern outlook in these branches,particularly in Geometry, and there is an absence of good text-books.

History.

The importance attached to the teaching of the History of Irelandin our programme is appreciated by many of the teachers, and im-provement in the teaching of the subject is noted by the Inspectors.Considering that seldom more than one hour per week can be given tothe subject, it may be said that progress is being made. Many teachershave gone to great pains to collect local historical information to giveinterest and reality to their lessons. Unfortunately local history isoften treated apart from the main course in history, but some teachersconnect the local events intelligently with the wider national move-ments of which they were a part. There are many teachers, however,who have little historical knowledge beyond what they find in elemen-tary text-books, and their teaching is consequently dry and unin-spiring. Frequently songs and ballads are taught that vividly recordhistorical events and leave an abiding impression on the pupil, whenthe more prosaic accounts may have faded from his memory, but thispractice is not sufficiently widespread. Another weakness that isfound in much of the history teaching is that sufficient attention is notpaid in many schools to the history of the last hundred years.

Until the history of Ireland is properly taught in the schools thework of Gaelicization will be greatly hindered, since there will be noreal incentive to urge the pupils to the use of Irish as a living speech.

22

Geography.

The geography of Ireland is fairly well taught. It often happens,however, that the introductory lessons, which should be given inStandard IV. are not well done The methods employed in this sub-ject nevertheless show improvement. An effort is made in an in-creasing number of schools to treat the subject on interesting andintelligent lines. There is not the reliance to-day that there wasformerly on lists of names and cut and dried facts. There is, however,still considerable leeway to be made up in this subject. In bothhistory and geography enough exercise is not given in making roughmaps, and the connection of history and geography is frequently over-looked.

Singing.

Song-singing generally receives sufficient attention, and the songsare generally sung correctly in regard to time and tune. Frequently,however, they leave much to be desired in regard to expression. Thesongs are almost invariably in Irish and sometimes deal with histo-rical subjects. It is regrettable to find sometimes that, while the mus-ical side of the work is satisfactory, the language side of the songs hasbeen inadequately treated, and the pupils have not an intelligentgrasp of the words and the context. The language side should bedealt with as part of the Oral Irish work.

Exercises on the modulator are generally satisfactory, but ear testsand sight tests receive inadequate attention, and the pupils are not,as a rule, put in the position to learn an air for themselves from thenotation.

Rural Science and Nature Study.During the school year 1930-31 the Rural Science course was

taught in approximately 436 schools. The Nature Study course forboys' schools and mixed schools under a master was taught in about600 schools, and the Nature Study course for girls' schools and mixedschools under a mistress was taught in about 1,250 schools. Duringthe school year in question 291 indoor science equipment sets and 26outdoor equipment sets were issued to schools.

While the general reports of Inspectors would indicate that thesubject is making satisfactory progress, it would appear that, in manyschools, the teaching of the subject is not taken as seriously by theteachers as it deserves. There is a tendency in many instances to sub-stitute oral instruction for practically demonstrated lessons. Twobooklets have been prepared by the Department, the first one issuedin 1927 elucidating the different courses prescribed and emphasisingthe necessity for developing the courses at every stage by means ofpractical demonstrations. The second booklet issued last year out-lined about 200 simple demonstrations that might be carried out withthe equipments provided by the Department and materials locally

23

available. Copies of these booklets have been supplied to everyschool. They contain a great deal of simple, easily applied informa-tion, yet many teachers do not avail themselves fully of this assistance.Where the courses are well taught their practical utility from anefficient educational standpoint is fully appreciated by the teachers.There is no school subject that arouses real interest on the part of thepupils as easily as a well-conducted lesson in Rural Science or NatureStudy or that contributes more towards the practical developmentof the child's mind. It supplies that concrete element in primaryeducation which is necessary to balance the more literary side of theprogramme and associates the teaching with the fundamental prin-ciples and practices of Irish rural life.

Needlework, Cookery and Laundry.

Needlework, which is taught in all girls' schools to Third and higherstandards, is generally effectively taught, and excellent work is done inmany schools.

It is regrettable that Cookery and Laundry, which ale now optionalsubjects, are taken up in a very small number of schools. The reportsof the Organizers of Domestic Economy show that creditable workgenerally is done in schools taking these subjects.

XI.

TEACHING THROUGH IRISH.

(i) •Subjects taught through Irish in the Galltacht.

In the year under review there were about 50,000 infants m theNational Schools in the Galltacht who were receiving all their in-struction through the medium of Irish, and the instruction of thegreat majority of the remaining 70,000 infants was largely throughthat medium. In addition, there were 45 schools in that area inwhich the instruction in all the subjects was given entirely throughthe medium of Irish. The number of children enrolled in theseschools in Standards I. to VIII. inclusive was 3,100. There was alsoa considerable number of children in these standards in the remainingschools (4,155) in the Galltacht receiving all their instruction throughthe medium of Irish, but the total number of children in these standardsin the Galltacht schools (including the 45 schools already mentioned)whose instruction was entirely through the medium of Irish, wouldnot exceed 15,000.

Apart from the children who were receiving all their instructionthrough Irish in Standards I. to VIII., there were, it is estimated,about 20,000 children in these standards who were receiving in-struction in one or other of the main subjects of the curriculum

24(Arithmetic, History or Geography), through the medium of Irish,and a smaller number not more than 10,000, whose instruction inall these three subjects was entirely through the medium of Irish.

The number of pupils in Standards I. to VIII., inclusive, whowere receiving instruction in subjects partly through Irish andpartly through English was considerable, but it is impossible toestimate to what extent such work may properly be described aswork done through Irish.

The progress so far in the use of Irish as a teaching medium inthe Galltacht schools has, therefore, been slow owing to two factors(1) that it required some years for any large body of the teachersto acquire the qualification in Irish to enable them to give instruc-tion in all the subjects of the curriculum through its medium, and(2) that it was necessary to give the children such command of Irishthat they could receive instruction freely through it. It is expectedhowever, that future reports will show a pronounced advance in theuse of Irish as a teaching medium. As explained later in this Sectionof the report, existing circumstances render it likely that about 15to 20 years will elapse before the teaching power in Irish will besuch as to enable the work in all the National Schools to be doneentirely through its medium.

(ii.)Teaching through Irish in the Gaeltacht.

Conditions are, of course, much better in the Gaeltacht, but eventhere a considerable proportion of the pupils, up to 50% in someareas, are still being taught either wholly or partly through Englishin the standards above the Infant Classes. In the Gaeltacht area,as defined in the Gaeltacht Commission Report, only 41 % of theschools (175 out of 422) are doing all their work through Irish, andin the Breac-Ghaeltacht, as defined in the Commission Report, inwhich there are 756 schools, only 8 schools are doing all their workthrough Irish. The position with regard to the use of Irish as ateaching medium is therefore no better in the Breac-Ghaeltacht thanin the purely English-speaking areas, in which, in 45 schools out of4,200, all the work is being done through Irish.

(iii.)Causes of the discrepancy between the teaching power and the results

in the schools.

Approximately 40% of the teachers in National Schools have atleast Bilingual qualification, but the distribution of this power ofteaching through Irish is such that the effect is scattered and mostof it is lost, whereas, if the teachers who hold bilingual certificatescould be concentrated together there is a sufficient number of them

25

to enable ten times as many schools to do their work entirely throughIrish as are doing it at present, since the bilingual teachers would mancompletely over 2,000 schools in which all subjects could then betaught through Irish. Owing to the fact that the Department doesnot appoint or transfer teachers such a concentration of teaching poweris not possible, with the result that, instead of over 2,000 NationalSchools doing their work entirely through the medium of Irish, we haveat present little over 200. It is clear that, under the circumstances,development will be slow until the present training system has suppliedthe schools with 6,000 or 7,000 new teachers to replace those who willnever be able to teach through Irish. In the later stages developmentwill, of course, be much more rapid, but it does not seem as if, underpresent circumstances, the bulk of the work in the National Schoolswill be done through Irish until the late forties of the present century,since our present Training College output is only about 400 a yearand the number of teachers who have not got Bilingual Certificatesand are never likely to get them is about 8,000. Hence even if allour new teachers have Bilingual Certificates the staff will not beentirely bilingual in any real sense for about 20 years.

(iv.)

Statistics as regards a typical Gaeltacht Division.

Division I.(Donegal, Sligo, and Mayo).

Of the 755 schools in this Division only 55 are purely Irish schoolsin which English is a foreign language, and as 50 of these are in theGaeltacht only 5 out of 705 Galltacht Schools do all their subjectsthrough Irish in that Division, i.e., not 1 per cent.

Fifty per cent. of the schools teach nothing (but Irish) throughIrish: the remaining 49 per cent. of the schools teach some subjects orsubject through Irish. in some standards.

The detailed figures are as follows .-

All subjects through Irish 55 schools of which only 5 are in Gall-tacht.

Some " 327

Total through Irish 382 schools as against

373 schools that teach nothing throughIrish.

i.e., nearly 50 per cent. of the schools in a typical Division with a largeGaeltacht area do nothing through Irish.

26

No. of teachers, 1,529, of whom 138 are in the all-Irish schools (55schools in all).-

478 of whom hold Bilingual or ArdTeastas.

340 of those with Bilingual or ArdTeastas are available for the

327 schools that teach somethingthrough Irish.

When the 138 teachers in the 55 all-Irish schools are deducted fromthe number Ol teachers who hold bilingual certificates there still remain340 teachers with Bilingual Certificates, and if these are divided upamongst the 327 schools there would be 1 teacher who could teachthrough Irish available for each of these latter schools, and 13 teacherswith Bilingual Certificates who would remain after the distribution. Ifthese latter 13 were then distributed over 13 two-teacher schools assubstitutes for the non-Irish teachers in these schools then 13 more ofthem could become A schools, but only 13, i.e., the teaching throughIrish corresponds fairly closely with the number of certificates held bythe teachers in this Division.

Distributon of Schools in Saorstat Eireann.

Statistics for the Country as a whole.

5,378 National Schools in Saorstat Eireann of which422 " Fior-Ghaeltacht of Gaeltacht Commis-

sion Report.756 " Breac-Ghaeltacht of Gaeltacht Com-

mission Report.and 4,200 "Galltacht of Gaeltacht Commission

Report.

Schools in which Irish is sole medium of Instruction.

756 " Breac

175 do all their workthrough Irish= 41%

8 do all their workthrough Irish= 1% roughly.

45 do all their workthrough Irish= 1% roughly.

228 do all their workthrough Irish=4%

Of the 422 National Schools in Fior-Ghaeltacht

" 4,200 " Galltacht

" " 5,378 " SaorstatEireann

27

CHAPTER H.SCHOOL MEDICAL SERVICE.

Although, as stated in previous Reports of this Department, SchoolMedical Service is not under the control of the Department of Educa-tion but under that of the Department of Local Government andPublic Health, it appears desirable nevertheless to include in thisAnnual Report a brief survey of the purpose and progress of the Ser-vice as disclosed by the latest returns available.

"The primary aim of School Medical Inspection is the prevention ofdisease and the ideal of the Scheme is to ensure that every childarriving at the school leaving age will be in the enjoyment of soundphysical health. School Medical Service, besides introducing to theindividual child the benefits accruing from inspection, promotes propa-ganda on the care of the teeth, on digestion and on personal hygiene.Attention is also given to the sanitary conditions of the schools."

During the year 1931 very satisfactory progress was made in con-nection with the various schemes of School Medical Service throughoutthe country. In addition to the four county boroughs (Dublin, Cork,Limerick and Waterford) and the borough of Clonmel, schemes are nowoperative in the following counties: Carlow, Cavan, Cork, Donegal,Galway, Kildare, Limerick, Louth, Meath, Monaghan, Offaly, Ros-common, Westmeath, Wexford and Wicklow.

The procedure with regard to School Medical Inspection is similar inmost counties.

For the purposes of the inspection, the children are divided intofour groups :-

Entrants (5-7 years).Intermedia tes (8--10 years).

Leavers (12-14 years).

Special cases (non-age group).

The special cases are children who do not fall into any of the otherthree age-groups, but who have been suspected by teachers or parentsto be suffering from some defect.

The School Nurse prepares a school for examination on a statedday, and obtains lists of children for examination from the PrincipalTeacher. She also explains the scope and procedure of the inspec-tion. Notices are sent to the parents of the children who are to beexamined asking them to attend with the children on the day ofinspection.

The School Nurse is responsible for the carrying out of Snellen'sTests for vision and for weighing and measuring the children. TheMedical Officers' Examination covers Cleanliness, External EyeDisease, Mental Capacity, Speech, Ear Disease, Nutrition, Skin,

28

Heart and Circulation, Lungs, Nervous System, Tuberculosis, RicketDeformities, Infectious Disease, Nose, Teeth, Throat, and GlandularEnlargements.

School Medical Cards are provided in three colours for these exami-nations, buff for boys, pink for girls, and red for special cases. Appro-priate spaces for entries as a result of the examination are included inthe cards in three sections according to the three age groups of En-trants, Intermediates and Leavers, and the same card is thereforeused three times for each scholar during his school career, thus consti-tuting a complete medical history for each pupil.

All cards are returned to the Central Public Health Office,and a sum-maryof the defects found is noted. Lists of defective children are com-piled and investigated with a view to ascertaining the names of thoseentitled to free medical treatment under the School Treatment Scheme.In the cases of others, advice notes are sent to parents stating thedisabilities from which their children are suffering and urging themto obtain treatment from their own practitioners.

In the bigger schools in the Urban Areas a special room is usuallygiven for the examination by the teacher, and the school arrangements.are not interfered with to any great extent. In the smaller schools,however, lack of accommodation makes it impossible for teachers to,continue school work during the medical inspection,

Detailed reports in respect of the year 1931 are not yet availablefrom all centres, but the following summaries of the information con-tained in the reports prepared by the School Medical Officers of Dublin,Cork, Limerick, Clonmel, and Counties Cavan, Galway and Wexfordmay be taken as indicative of the general nature of the work donethroughout the country and of the extent and type of the defectsnoted.

County Borough of Dublin -During the year ended 31st Decem-ber, 1931, the number of school children medically inspected in theCounty Borough of Dublin was 16,326, i.e.,

EntrantsIntermediatesLeaversSpecial cases

4,0826,2644,9261,054

The children in 63 city schools were examined and those requiringtreatment were sent to the Hospitals and Clinics. Those failing toattend for treatment were followed up in their homes by the nurses,and in some cases summoned by letter to attend at the Centre.

The inspections during the year revealed that a high percentage ofchildren required treatment connected with defective vision, tonsilsand adenoids and dental caries. The number of children who werefound to be in urgent need of dental treatment was 8,370 ; there were3,641 cases of defective vision, including squint and other eye defects;

and defective conditions of the nose and throat (tonsils and adenoids)were present in 4,533 cases. On the other hand, the numbers of childrenin the City schools suffering from skin diseases, rickety manifestations,discharging ears, and deformities from any cause are. far fewer thanmight be anticipated.

County Borough of Cork :-In the County Borough of Cork duringthe year 1931, the number of children inspected was 4,886, i.e.,

Entrants 1,254Intermediates 1,643Leavers 803Special Cases 1,186

In addition there were 2,877 other inspections, e.g., re-inspection ofchildren referred for observation, of children treated for defects of ear,nose, throat and vision since the previous examination, of those whopreviously refused treatment of such defects, and of those who signedfor treatment by private practitioners.

The most common defects noted at the inspections were of theteeth, eye, ear, nose and throat. There were 645 cases of defectivevision, 780 cases of enlarged tonsils and adenoids, and a total of 3,791dental defects.

The percentage of verminous children was 10.7, i.e., girls 16.1 andboys 5 . 7, and the percentage of malnourished childr en was 14.7.

The report of the school medical officer records a marked improve-ment in personal hygiene for the past six years. In 1926 the per-centage of verminous children was 20.3 The improvement, asevidenced by the present figure of 10.7, is attributed to the work ofschool nurses.

County Borough of Limeric.k.-The annual report in the working ofthe School Medical Service in the County Borough of Limerick duringthe year 1931, records that 1,246 children were examined either at theschools or at the School Clinic with their pa.ents, and suitable treat-ment was indicated where necessary.

The numbers of children treated under the scheme at the cityhospitals were :-

St John's HospitalBarrington's HospitalCity Home and Hospital

A dental clinic has been opened in St.children sent for treatment, 55 attended.

The general standard of personal cleanliness of the children hasimproved.

Borough of Clonmel.-Five schools came under the scheme of inspec-tion in Clonmel during the year ended 31st December, 1931, and, inall, ten inspections were made involving the individual examinationof 1,632 pupils. During the examination 476 pupils were found to besuffering from defective vision, and there were 9 cases of squint. Den-

17448

267John's Hospital, and of 63

29

30

tal treatment included 166 extractions and 36 fillings. Goitre was;treated in 12 cases by hypodermic injections of collosal iodine.Enlarged tonsils and adenoids were discovered in 324 pupils. Someof these growths were removed by operation, some were sprayed withantiseptic solutions.

Although several cases of anaemia and malnutrition were observed,it was found necessary to carry out special treatment in only 52 cases.Several cases of ringworm and impetigo received appropriate treatment.

There was a marked improvement in the general cleanliness ofpupils, and it was found necessary in the case of only nine familiesto draw the attention of the parents to uncleanliness or badly keptcondition of their children.

Co. Cavan.-2,068 children drawn from 33 schools were medicallyexamined in Co. Cavan in the course of the ordinary school inspectionduring the year 1931, and 118 other children were presented forspecial inspection.

The scheme in this county provides treatment for defective eyesightand teeth, and for the operative treatment of enlarged tonsils andadenoids. Treatment was confined to the children of parents whosevaluation did not exceed £10 or whose weekly income was under £3.86 per cent. of the children on the rolls of the schools visited presentedthemselves for examination. This figure which is considerably abovethe average attendance at the schools inspected is an indication ofthe public interest in the scheme.

There was marked and universal anxiety by parents who werenotified of defects in their children to have these defects remedied.

The percentage of children with defective teeth varied from 50 percent. in most of the town schools, to under 20 per cent. in many ruralareas where the diet of the children consisted mainly of porridge,home-made bread, milk and potatoes.

Defective vision was found in 17.7 per cent., and enlarged tonsilsand adenoids in 25.3 per cent. of the children inspected. Uncleanlinesswas noted in 12.4 per cent. of the children examined, and the reportpoints out that the children from the biggest families and the poorestof homes were often found to be scrupulously clean.

Co. Galway.-School Medical Inspection was started in CountyGalway in January, 1931. The total number of children examinedduring the year was 8,087. The most common defects noted were:

Dental caries 3,345Enlarged tonsils and adenoids 2,068Defective vision (including squint) 998Uncleanliness 2,409

The vast majority of the defects found are remediable.The report of the School Medical Officer pays tribute to the co-

operation accorded by the Managers of the schools, and by the teachersin the work of school medical inspection in the County. There is

31

evidence also of the consciousness of parents of the benefits accruingfrom the scheme.

Co. Wexford.-Systematic examination of school children wascommenced in Co. Wexford on 6th October, 1931, and the numbersexamined between that date and 31st December, 1931, were:

EntrantsIntermediatesLeaversSpecial cases

259292157382

TOTAL 1,090

The highest rates of defects noted were Dental caries, 60 per cent.diseased tonsils, 32 per cent.; adenoids, 38 per cent.; eye defects22.8 per cent.

With regard to nutrition, 12.2 per cent. of cases were found to bebadly nourished, but incorrect diet was more often ascertained to bethe cause of malnutrition than insufficient diet. Gross uncleanlinessof the body was small, 4.2 per cent., but 42 per cent. of the childrensuffered from nitty heads.

One of the most gratifying features of the operation of the schemein this county is the interest taken in it by the parents-72 per cent.of parents being present with their children at the various schoolsinspected.

CHAPTER ill.

PROVISION OF SCHOOL MEALS.The Education (Provision of Meals) (Ireland) Acts, 1914 to 1930,

form the legislative basis of the system for the provision of schoolmeals. The Acts are administered by the Department of LocalGovernment and Public Health, and information in regard to theoperation of the service is contained in the Annual Report of thatDepartment.

In view of the importance of the subject it is, however, considereddesirable to give in the Report of the Department of Education a briefaccount of the general working of the scheme.

Under the provision of the Acts, the local authority in any boroughor urban district or municipal town may be empowered to incur ex-penditure from the rates for the supply of food in school meals if thelocal authority is satisfied that there are children attending NationalSchools in the district who are unable by reason of lack of food totake full advantage of the education provided, and if there are no

32

other funds available to defray the cost of such meals. Recoupmentof the cost is made from a State Grant to an extent not exceedingone-half of the net expenditure incurred from the rates for the actualprovision of meals, apart from the cost of administration and equipmentprovided that the arrangements are in accordance with regulationsmade under Section 1 (2) of the Education (Provision of Meals) (Ireland)Act, 1917.

As recoupment is payable only in respect of expenditure from therates on the actual provision of meals, and does not apply to the costof administration, staff or equipment, or to expenses borne by fundsderived from voluntary or charitable sources. the total outlay on theschemes is considerably more than twice the amount issued from theState Grant.

During the year 1930-31, the scheme was in operation in the fourcounty boroughs (Dublin, Cork, Limerick and Waterford), and in 34urban districts. The amount of the State Grant was £8,253 4s. 2d.Details of the State Grant are given in Appendix IV, page 126.The number of schools participating in the scheme was 185, and adaily average of 18,373 pupils were fed. A gross total of 3,309,413meals were provided, at an average cost of 1.13d. for food for each meal.

The low average cost of the meals was achieved mainly by theadoption of the recommendation of the Department of Local Govern-ment and Public Health that supplies should be obtained as far aspossible through the Central Purchasing System and, where this is notpracticable, by means of contracts. Notwithstanding the low averagecost, the meals supplied are generally of a good type, and vary fromIrish stew and soup to cocoa or milk with buns or bread and butter,margarine or jam.

The schemes are administered by Committees composed generallyof representatives of the local authority, the managers or teachersof the participating schools, and other persons interested in the work.The teachers and many local ladies give personal service in the carryingout of the arrangements and in most districts the cost of administrationis negligible.

A summary of the provisions of the School Meals (Gaeltacht) Act,1930, was included in the Report of this Department for last year.Under Section 9 of the Act, grants are made to Boards of Health,under regulations of the Minister for Local Government and PublicHealth, for the supply of food to children attending ational Schoolsin the Gaeltacht.

For the purposes of the Act the Gaeltacht comprises the DistrictElectorial Divisions set forth in the schedule thereto, and situated inthe County Health Districts of Cork, Donegal, Galway, Kerry andMayo.

33

CHAPTER IV.

SECONDARY EDUCATION.

I.GENERAL ADMINISTRATION.

The work in the secondary schools continues to be satisfactory.The number of recognised schools in 1930-31 was 300, being an

increase of 6 on the number of the previous year. This is the biggestincrease in a single year since the Department was established. Thenumber of pupils in attendance showed an increase of 1349-a figurewhich is greater than the increase in any recent year. There was anincrease of 3 in the number of schools in which Irish is the ordinarymedium of instruction, and an increase of 4 in the number in whichpartial. instruction is given through that medium. Further stepshave been taken by the Department to help in the development ofIrish and Bilingual schools:

(a) By the introduction of provisions under which an existingSecondary school may organise portion of the school as anIrish-speaking (Class A.) school, provided that the numberof its pupils is large enough to ensure that the arrangementwill be reasonably economic. This is intended to meet thedifficulties of those Secondary Schools which desire tointroduce the use of Irish as a medium of instruction, buthave been unable to do so owing to the fact that a propor-tion of the pupils are unable to take proper advantage ofsuch instruction.

(b) By the provision of higher rates of grant in certain cases.

(c) By making provision for the payment of additional grant tosmall schools in special circumstances, and

(d) by the payment of special increments of salary to teacherswho give instruction through the medium of Irish.

The absence of " A" schools for boys in or near the metropolishas been a serious handicap to students who desire to continue theireducation through Irish. The establishment in 1931 of an "A"school for boys in the area is, however, now helping to meet the needsof the occasion.

The steady growth in recent years of the number of schools andpupils has been accompanied by a corresponding increase in theexpenditure on Secondary education, especially in the matter ofCapitation and other grants. The total expenditure (exclusive ofthe cost of administration, inspection, printing and stationery) forthe last financial year (ended March 31st, 1932) was more than£17,000 in excess of the expenditure for the previous year. Returns

D

.••••L _

34

received from the schools at the beginning of the school year 1931-32indicated that the growth in the number of schools and pupils is beingmaintained. If the grants were to be kept at the old level, it is probabletherefore that the cost of Secondary Education in the financial year1932-33 would show a further increase of about £20,000. The generalfinancial position, however, necessitated a reduction in expenditureand, accordingly, the Department regrets that it was found necessaryto announce to the schools in December, 1931, that the Capitationand Laboratory grants in respect of the school year 1931-32 would bereduced by 10 per cent., and that the grant for Irish and Bilingualschools, which is based on the Capitation grant, would be calculatedon the reduced amount of the latter.

New scholarship schemes for the benefit of pupils in the Gaeltachthave been instituted. Particulars are given in Section V.

Standardising Committees, composed of representatives of theTeachers' Associations named in previous reports were appointed forthe purpose of advising the Department regarding the standard andsuitability of the examination papers set in 1931 for the CertificateExaminations in English, History and Mathematics.

II.

CURRICULUM AND EXAMINATIONS.

For a number of years the results of the examinations in Mathematicsin the case of girls have been disappointing, especially in the case ofthe Intermediate Certificate for which girls have been required totake this subject or, alternatively, Arithmetic with another subject.Thus in the five year period, 1926-1930, the average percentage ofpasses in the subject at the Intermediate Certificate Examination wasin the case of girls 45.7 as compared with 69.5 in the case of boys.Various reasons have been advanced for the weakness of girls in thissubject, e.g., lack of qualified teachers, insufficient time available foradequate treatment, defective instruction in the subject or in Arith-metic in the earlier years, tendency to concentrate on Arithmetic atthe expense of Algebra and Geometry. Whatever the reason, theDepartment felt that the position of Mathematics in Girls' Schoolswas not satisfactory. In this view it was strengthened by representa-tions received on behalf of a number of schools. Consequently, theDepartment proposed to introduce the subject "ElementaryMathematics for Girls" in the Intermediate Certificate Curriculumfor the school year 1931-32, while retaining the full-course subject ofMathematics for girls as well as boys, and to abolish, after a transitionperiod, the alternative" Arithmetic with another subject." Beforedoing so, it sent a memorandum to Managers of Schools in June, 1931,setting out Its proposals and inviting observations. A number ofschools welcomed the proposal, but the abolition of the alternative

35

" Arithmetic with another subject" was opposed by the majorityof them. In view of this, action in the matter was deferred. TheDepartment, however, proposes to introduce the subject in the Inter-mediate Certificate Curriculum for 1932-33, as an additional subject,and to retain the existing alternatives. It hopes that the study ofMathematics in. Girls' Schools will be thereby encouraged as it feelsthat a knowledge of the subject is of considerable importance to girlsas well as boys.

When the new programme was introduced (1924-25) it was ex-plained that the courses prescribed in the case of English were for use·in schools where English was treated as the dominant or exclusivevernacular language and that in schools where Irish is the dominantvernacular the chief aim of the English teaching should be to give thepupil power to write English for practical purposes, and the range ofwork, choice of reading, and methods of treatment should be adjustedto this aim, as is done in the teaching of other foreign languages.Up to the present the examination papers in English have been basedon the full curriculum as set out in the Programme. In view of thegrowth in the number of schools in which Irish is now the dominantvernacular, the Department considers that the time has arrived forthe introduction of a lower course in English to meet the case of suchschools, and, accordingly, it proposes to introduce such a course in the.curriculum for 1932-33. At the same time, it proposes to have twocourses in Irish, a higher course in addition to the present course.

The number of pupils who presented themselves for the CertificateExaminations, 1931, showed an increase all round-the total increase(exclusive of candidates especially admitted for the purpose of com-peting for University Scholarships or for places in Training Collegesfor Primary Teachers) being 571. There was improvement also inthe percentage of passes-the total percentage being 74.6as compared with 69.7 in the previous year. 81.3 per cent. ofthe girls who took the Leaving Certificate Examination passed,which is a very creditable result. An important alteration was intro-duced in the year 1930-31 into the conditions for the award of theIntermediate Honours Certificate. Prior to that year, that certificatewas awarded only to candidates who passed the examination generallyand obtained honours in at least three subjects, but the revisedregulation now allows of the award of the certificate also to a candidatewho, passing the examination, obtains not less than fifty per cent. ineach of four or more subjects. Even as between the two years in whichthis regulation has been operative, the results show an improvement.24.1 per cent. of the candidates examined for the IntermediateCertificate passed with honours in 1930, whilst in 1931, 38.7 per cent.of those examined obtained honours.

The figures for all candidates, Intermediate and Leaving Certificatetaken together are very remarkable:

36

Percentage of total number examined who passed with honours. ..

1925 32.81929 42.01930 43.11931 55.2

It is satisfactory, too, to note that the increase in the proportionof successes at the Intermediate Certificate Examination is againaccompanied by an increase in the range of subjects presented by thecandidates.

The number of candidates who answer at the Certificate Examinationsthrough the medium of Irish is increasing. At the Examinations heldin 1931, answers were returned in Irish in the case of 15 differentsubjects (exclusive of Irish itself). Of the total of 22,783 scriptsreceived in the case of these subjects, 3,719 or 16.3 per cent. were inIrish.

It is worth noting here that as from 1931 the Leaving CertificateExamination has taken the place of the Easter Scholarship Examina-tion as the open competitive test for admission to Training Collegesfor Primary Teachers and also as the qualifying test for candidatesfor recognition as temporary untrained assistant teachers, and asJunior Assistant Mistresses, in National Schools. The reasons fOFthis important change have been set out in the Report for the year1929-30 (Chapter 1., Section IV., Page 12).

Ill.

THE STAFF IN THE SCHOOLS.The total number of teachers employed in the schools in the school

year 1930-31 was 2,643, being an increase of 92 or 3.6 per cent. onthe numbers in the previous year. The number of registered teachersemployed was 1,491-an increase of 16 or 1.1 per cent.

The proportion of registered to unregistered teachers employedas compared with the year 1929-30 was as follows :-

Registered 1929-30 1930-31Men 60.7 59.0Women 55.3 54.1

Total 57.8 56.4Unregistered:

Men 39.3 41.0\Vomen 44.7 45.9

Total 42.2 43.6The Department regrets that the proportion of registered teachers.

employed shows a falling off as compared with last year and desires

37

to repeat what it stated in its previous report, namely, that it considersthat the staffs of the schools generally should contain a larger propor-tion of registered teachers.

The number of teachers in receipt of Incremental Salary was 1,209,being an increase of 22 on the figure for the previous year,and represents81.1 per cent. of the total number of registered teachers employed ascompared with 80.5 per cent. in 1929-30 and 78.7 per cent. in 1928-29.The number of teachers who received an additional increment orincrements in respect of Honour degrees or equivalents was 275.

In addition to those who received Incremental Salary, 36 teacherswould have received payment but for the fact that they were in excessof the authorised quotas for the schools in which they were employed.The corresponding figure for the previous year was 58.

The number of schools in which the number of eligible teachersemployed was less than the quota of teachers entitled to receiveincremental salary was 184, and the number of schools in which theeligible teachers exceeded the authorised quota was 30. The corres-ponding figures for the previous school year were 169 and 43 res-pectively.

There was a considerable increase in the number of teachers admittedto the Register of Secondary Teachers in the school year 1930-31-the total of admissions being 113 (ofwhom 73 teachers were definitivelyregistered) as compared with 58 in the previous year. The Register,which was established in 1918, is now being revised in accordance withthe Regulations, this being the third revision since its institution.

IV.SECONDARY TEACHERS' SUPERANNUATION SCHEME.The number of teachers admitted to membership of the Secondary

Teachers' Superannuation Scheme during the year 1930-31 was 10.Of the 1,245 recognised teachers serving in that year, 408 were membersof the Scheme, and of these, 356 or 87.2 per cent. were lay teachers.4 members died. The total number of persons to whom pensions wereawarded from the inception of the Scheme to the 31st March, 1932,is 53.

Reference was made in the previous report to the number of appli-cants for membership who were ineligible for admission to the Scheme,owing to failure to comply with one or more of the conditions laiddown. Ineligibility in these cases was mainly due (a) to the requirementthat an applicant over 30 years of age on the 1st August, 1929, shouldhave approved teaching service of not less than two-thirds of the excessof his then age over 25 years and (b) to the condition that in the caseof an applicant over 50 years of age on the 1st August, 1929, hisapproved teaching service should include not less than 7 of the 10years immediately preceding that date.

The Department after careful consideration of these cases, felt that

38

undue hardship had been caused in certain instances by the operation.of the conditions in question. Consequently an Amending Schemehas been made, the main purpose of which is (1) the removal of thecondition referred to at (a) above, and (2) the reduction from 7 to 5·of the number of years required under 'the condition referred to at (b).This Scheme was confirmed by the Oireachtas in July, 1932, and isnow in force.

V.SCHOLARSHIPS.

(a) Schemes previously in operation.I.-Particulars as to the award of Scholarships in Secondary Schools

i.e., (a) those from Primary to Secondary Schools awarded by Countyand Borough Councils, and (b) those awarded by the Department onthe results of the Intermediate Certificate Examinations of 1931, will'be found in Appendix IV. (D), and in Section VII. of Chapter Lof the present report respectively. The regulations in regard to thescholarships mentioned at (b) remained unchanged except that theDepartment's stipulation whereby a pupil could not benefit in thesame school year from a Scholarship provided by the Departmentand a scholarship from a County Council or from any other public fundor endowment has been altered so as to allow of his benefiting in theschool year from scholarships from both sources up to a total value of£50. The operation of this revision has served to assist many pupilswho hold scholarships from County or Borough Councils, and who bymeans of their use of the facilities provided by such scholarships, have,through exceptional merit in their answering at the Department'sIntermediate Certificate Examination, qualified for the Department'sScholarship.

H.-Information as to University Scholarships awarded by CountyCouncils in accordance with the powers conferred on them by Section10 (2) of the Irish Universities Act, 1908, is giver; at Appendix IV. (G).The Department is again indebted to the Secretaries of the variousCounty Councils for these particulars. It is gratifying to note thatthe number awarded in 1931 represents an increase on those of theprevious year, although the awards were made by 19 County or BoroughCouncils, as compared with 20 Councils in 1930.

(b) Scholarships for Students from the Fior-Ghaeltacht.Measures which, it is hoped, 'will be of considerable advantage to

the Fior-Ghaeltacht, were initiated in September, 1931, when newschemes of Scholarships were introduced with a view to enablinga number of pupils from these areas to obtain a higher education.These Scholarship are open only to children who have been reared indistricts where Irish is the home language of the majority of, thepeople of the area, in whose homes Irish is the language of ordinary

39

use, and who have received their education through the medium ofIrish. For such pupils, two schemes of scholarships are now available:(1) to provide a free Secondary Education through the medium ofIrish; and (2) to obtain a complete course in any of the faculties inthe University. These developments have been introduced in con-junction with the new arrangements for providing "preliminary"courses for children from the Gaeltacht, and for reserving for them anumber of places annually, in the Preparatory Colleges, which arereferred to earlier in Chapter 1., Section V. (a) of this report. Par-ticulars of the schemes of Scholarships have been widely published,but their principal features may be summarised as follows :-

(i) Scholarships in Secondary Schools.Eighteen Scholarships tenable for four, or, where necessary, five

years, in an approved secondary school will be awarded annually forcandidates from the Fior-Ghaeltacht. Of these 18 Scholarships, notless than 9 will be awarded to girls and, subject to this restriction,a specified number of the scholarships will be reserved for candidatesfrom each of the principal areas forming the Fior-Chaeltacht. Inthis way, it is intended to overcome the difficulties which childrenfrom some of the areas concerned might experience in securing ashare of the scholarships, because of the part played by the economicconditions of the area in their earlier education. The competition forthe award of the Scholarships will be held at the same time as theExamination for Entrance to the Preparatory Colleges, and thesubjects and programme will be the same as for that examination.The basis of the compilation of the order of merit list will, however,be different and will, in view of the less specialized objective of thecourse of education, allow the candidate to benefit from the subjectsin which he has scored highest.

During the tenure of the Scholarships, the school fees will be paidby the Department, and so that no student may be debarred by hishome circumstances from availing of a scholarship, a grant in aid ofoutfit and travelling expenses will be paid in three portions each yearto the candidate, through the conductors of the school. Provision isalso made for a grant in aid of expenses of attendance at the examina-tion for each candidate whose answering shows promise, and for agratuity to the teacher of the school for each successful candidate.These facilities should result in the general educational improvementof the Gaeltacht districts, apart from the benefit gained by the suc-cessful students.

At the termination of the secondary course, holders of scholarshipswill be eligible to compete for the new University Scholarships forstudents from the Fior-Ghaeltacht, as well as for the existing Univer-sity Scholarships provided by the Councils. In addition, girl holderswill have the option of competing for a reserved number of free places

40

at a Training School of Domestic Economy. With this possible endin view, the Secondary Scholarships for girls will be tenable only atClass A. Schools which include Domestic Economy and Sciencethroughout their curriculum.

As a rule, the candidate will be free to choose his or her school fromthe approved list.

Particulars of these scholarships were not published until thesummer of 1931, but so as to bring the Scheme into operation at once,six girls who had passed the Preparatory College Examination, buthad not succeeded in being called to a College, were selected and com-menced their course of Secondary education in September, 1931.

(ii) University Scholarships.These Scholarships are awarded by the Minister for Finance on the

recommendation of the Minister for Education Candidates to beeligible must be from the Fior-Ghaeltacht, as already defined, andmus~, in addition, have passed the Leaving Certificate Examinationwith Honours. These Scholarships are tenable only at UniversityCollege, Galway, unless there is not provision in that College for thecourse which the student is taking. The Scholarships are of the valueof £110 per annum, paid, with the exception of £20 which the studentreceives when the Scholarship is awarded, in instalments, through theUniversity authorities, and may be renewed for the number of yearsreasonably necessary to obtain the Degree for which the student isstudying.

Five Scholarships were awarded in September, 1931, under thisScheme. The Ulster, Munster and Connacht Gaeltachts were repre-sented amongst these candidates.

VI.THE WORK IN THE SCHOOLS.

Except as regards the extension of the work in Irish and throughIrish, of which a full account is given below, there is nothing to addto the very complete reports on the teaching of the various subjectswhich have been published in preceding years.

AN GHAEDHlLG.Ta eolas maith no cuibheasach maith ar an nGaedhilg ag an gcuid

is mo de sna daoine ata 'gha muineadh ins na meadhon-sgoileannafa lathair, agus ta daoine ortha go mba dheacair iad do sharughadhi n-eolas ar an dteangain, na i nduthracht oibre net i gclisteacht rmiin-teoireachta, Ta feabhas ag dul ar mhuineadh na litridheachta agusna filidheachta i n-aghaidh na bliadhna, agus Ieigheann na sgolairi deghnath nios mo leabhra na mar a dheinidis. Ni hannamh anois cnuas-ach maith de leabhraihh Gaedhilge ar fagMil i leabharlainn sgoile agusleas da bhaint asta ag na daltai.

41

Ar a shon san is uile ni misde tagairt do roinnt neithe ata ag baintde thairbhe an teagaisg.

(i) Firbheagan de sna muinteoiri ata ina gcainnteoiri diithchais,agus ta cuid mhaith aca na bionn de thaithighc aca arlabhairt na teangan ach an meid a labhraid leis na ran-ganna sgoile agus na faghann aon chaoi ar dhul don Ghaedh-ealtacht na ar bheith ag eisteacht le cainnteoiri maithe.Ni hiongadh i gcasaibh den tsord san meath is meirg dotheacht ar an gcuid Gaedhilge i ndiaidh a cheile, go mormhor ar an urlabhra, agus an fhoghruidheacht do bheithlochtach is neamhchruinn aca i ndeire na dala. Na daoinea bhfuil an sgeal mar sin aca gheobhaidis a bheag no amhor de chabhair fhaghail 0 sna ceirnini gramafoin no 6bheith ag eisteacht leis an gcraobhsgaoileachan.

(ii) Deabhruigheann an sgeal go bhfuil cuid mhaith muinteoiri6ga ag teacht amach as na hIolsgoileanna, ceirneanna saGhaedhilg-go fiu ceimeanna onoracha-s-bainte amachaca agus gan an cumas comhraidh na an liomhthachtcainnte aca a chuirfeadh ar a n-acfuinn labhairt na teangando mhuineadh go ceart. Ni bhionn fuaimeanna na Gaedh-ilge sathach cruinn aca agus ta de chosmhalacht ar chuidaca nach mor an cleachtadh a rinneadar ar labhairt nateangan le linn doibh bheith san Iolsgoil. Ina fhochairsin ni bhionn moran leighte aca taobh amuigh den mheidata riachtanach i gcoir na sgruduighthe Iolsgoile agustagann de sin go dteipeann ortha suim is speis i litridh-eacht na Gaedhilge do rnhusgailt ins na daltai a bhionnfa na gcuram.

(iii) Is mion minic a cloistear gearain i dtaobh a luighead Gaedh-ilge a bhionn ag na daltai oga ag teacht isteach ins nameadhon-sgoileanna doibh. Ba ghn<ith a mhillean san doJeagadh ar na sgoileanna priomhaideacha na baineann leisan Roinn Oideachais. Ach de bhrigh go bhfuil breis isdeich n-oiread sgolairi ar na meadhon-sgoileanna is ta arna sgoileanna priomhaideacha san is leir nar cheart achcuid bheag den mhillean do chur ortha siud. Is fior, ach gohairighthe, go bhfeadff abhfad nios mo a dheanamh ar sonna Gaedhilge ins na meadhon-sgoileanna da mbeadh ant-eolas ceart uirthi agus an taithighe ceart ar a labhairt agna daltai oga ag teacht isteach doibh.

Ta lion na sgol 'na ndeintar an teagasg go leir tre Ghaedhilg agsiordhul i meid, agus do reir mar a bhionn na teacs-leabhra ag duli n-iornadamhlacht agus na sgoileanna Iein ag dul i dtaithighe nahoibre ta barr feabhasa ag teacht ar thoradh a saothair. Ise an ni ismo ata ag baint siar as an obair i moran aiteanna na gainne rmiin-teoiri. Ma ta ag meadughadh i ndiaidh a cheile ar uimhir na rmiin-

42

teoiri ata lan-oilte ar theagasg do thabhairt tre Ghaedhilg, is mire go·mar ata ag meadughadh ar an gcaU ata leo. Cailini ata abalta arMhatamaitic no Eoluidheacht do rnhuineadh tre Ghaedhilg is mo atai n-easnamh.

Seo mar ata ag meadughadh ar lion na sgol i Ranna A agus B o-ceadchuireadh na ranna san ar bun :-

Sgoilbhliadhain I Sgoileanna SgoileannaI i Roinn A i Ranna Bl agus B2'

---------------1-------1

1924-251925-261926-271927-281928-291929-301930-31

25

1113182124

10374154576468

Side dailiughadh na sgol a chuir iarratas isteach i mbliadhna chuna bheith i Roinn A :-

Connacht

Laighin

1512

An Mhumha

Ulaidh

6

3

Ise an rud is suaitheantasaighe da mbaineann leis na figiuir! sin na- an dui chun cinn ata da dheanarnh i sgoileanna Laighean ; ni raibh

ach tri cinn aca diarr bheith i Roinn A anuiridh. Ce go bhfuil CuigeMumhan tamall maith siar fos nil aon lagadh ar an dui chun cinn athosnuigh ann le goirid ; dha bhliadhain 0 shoin ni raibh ach dha A-sgoil sa chuige sin, bhi cheithre cinn ann anuiridh agus fuarathasiarrataisi 0 se cinn de sgoileanna ann i mbliadhna. Uird riaghalta ataimbun na sgoileanna go leira bhi i Roinn A in 1930-31;sea mar ata:-

Ard na Trocaire

N. Lughaidh

Mhuire

Braithre Criostamhla

Ard na Toirbhirte

na Croise is na Paise

N. Ursula

S. Doiminic

10 gcinn de A-sgoileanna

4 cinn

2 cheann

4 chinn

1 cheann amhain

"

Teasbaineann an clar sea lean as an meid sgolairi a fhreagair na paipeirceisteanna i nGaedhilg i sgruduchan na bliadhna 1931 :-

i I

ILion sgoLiiria cuireadh 1

1 Iasgrudughadh,----------

Adhbhar

LaideanFrainncisCearmainisStair (A.T.)Tireoluidheacht (.-\.T.)Stair is Tireol. (M.T.)MatamaiticUimridheacht (gearrchaili

~I.T. amhain)Eoluidheacht (A, B, D-M.T.)Eo!. Tighis agus Fearachas

TigheLuibheoluidheachtTuaitheolnidheacht·CeimicCnirpeolas is Slain teolasCeol

Iornlan

Iomlan in 1930

43

3,1382,454

641,5551,5414,1015,598

Lion afreagair treGhaedhilg

SO154

21388371640

1,121

74258

0//0

1.66.3

32.82S.0'24.115.620.0

28.212.0

3S.439.347.217.137.013.5

"I.. ,

2622,149

913206299334

7396

32381

141S72713

--- ------- ----22,783 3,719 16.3_._---/-----.. l 19,475 3,002 IS.-t

San rneid a bhaincas le sgoileanna gearrchaili is leithne de ghnathna cursai leighinn ins na sgoileanna ina nc1eintar an teagasg treGbaedhilg na ins na sgoileanna eile. Baineann na figiuiri sea leis nagearrchaili a chuaidh fa sgrudughadh in 1931.

Meid fa'n gcead diobha thog

I

Na sgoileanna go leir I l\-sgoileanna

1

_-- ----- ---

Meadhon Ard-Teist M. Teist IArd-TeistTeist

------------- ---- ----- ----1-----

5 adhbhair leighinn nonios lugha 18.1 18.3 13 12.6

6 adh bhair no nios mo 8l.9 81.7 87 87.47 32.5 39.5 -tS.9 58.68 5.6 20.0 13.8 30

FoiIlsigheann na taibhli sco lean as an chuma 'nar eirigh leis na sgol-airi a chuaidh fa sgrudughadh i mbliadhain 1931 agus a fuair a gcuid

44

oideachais (a) ins na hA-sgoileanna, (b) i sgoileanna i Roinn B.1, agus(c) i sgoileanna eile. Teasbaineann na taibhli an meid fa'n gcead desna sgolairi sin (i) a fuair onoracha, (ii) a fuair pas gan onoracha agus(iii) gur teip ortha.(1) SGIOLEANNA GEARRCHAILI.

I I Pas gan IArd Teistimeireacht Onoracha onoracha I Theip ar

___________ , 1 . _

. 1 I63.023.5 I38.4

24.411.737.3

12.664.824.3

Roinn ARoinn B.1Sgoileanna eile

-.--- -- ----- ------33.239.135.7

18.113.132.5

Meadhon Teistimeireacht

Roinn ARoinn B.1Sgoileanna eile

· '1..48.747.831.8

,(2) SGOILEANNA BUACHAILLI.

I OnorachaPas gan

Theip arArd Teistirneireacht I onorachaI

---- i..

Roinn A I 36.4 45.5 18.1.* .• - - · ·1Roinn B.'l - - "I 45.2 29.0 25.8'Sgoileanna eile · . · , 42.1 33.9 24.0----- -- , --Meadhon Teistimeireacht

--Roinn A .. ·. ·. 32.1 30.2 37,7Roinn B.I , . · . 38,9 38.3 22.8Sgoileanna eile · . .. , 37.4 34,8 27,8

Teasbaineann an clar so lean as an lion sgolairi do bhi ar rollai nasgoileanna ins gach Roinn, an meid diobh a chuaidh fa sgnidughadhagus an meid fa'n gcead den iomlan gur cuireadh fa sgrudughadh iadIllS na sgruduchain teistimeireachta, 1931 :-

1

Iomlan ::Vleida I Jleid aar Rolla chuaidh % chuaidh %

ifa'n sgru- 1 fa'n sgru-

I duchan duchan

l AT I JLT.---- 1__ - --Roinn A .. 2,464 I 146 5,93 I 424 17.21Roinn B.1 .. 1,728 I 79 4.57

I259 14.99

Sgoileanna eile 24,802 1,165 4.70 3,233 13.04

45

Do chuaidh lion na sgolairi ins na hA-sgoileanna imeid de 118% ins.na ceithre bliana on sgoilbhliadhain 1927-28 go dti an sgoilbhliadhain1930-31; ins an treimhse cheadna do mheaduigh ar na sgolairi iRoinn B.1 de 23% agus ar sgolairi na sgoileanna eile de 7%. Ar nataibhli sin suas ni airmhitar sgolairi na gColaisdi Ullmhuchain na nasgolairi bunsgoile gur ceaduigheadh doibh duI fa'n sgniduchan. Fuair89.2% de sgolairi na gColaisdi Ullmhuchain pas le honoracha, fuair8.9% pas gan onoracha agus their ar 1.5%.

CHAPTER V.

TECHNICAL EDUCATION.

I.

CHANGE OF SYSTEM.

The session 1930-31 was one of transition. Under the Act of 1930Technical Instruction Committees were replaced in the late autumnof that year by Vocational Education Committees, with the fullerpowers and duties conferred upon them by the Act, but no change ofimportance could be attempted in the class arrangements for aneducational year which was already well advanced. In general, thenew committees were taken up for the remainder of the Session inadjusting their procedure to the altered conditions, renewing theiractivities, investigating the possibilities of the Act, planning develop-ment particularly with regard to school accommodation, selectingadditional staff and withal in laying the foundations of the schemesfor 1931-32. The necessity for the early submission of annual financialschemes which in accordance with new provisions must be submittedto the Minister in December instead of Mayor June as previously, andthe consequent concentration of twelve months of administrativework into six imposed a heavy burden on Chief Executive Officerswhich, however, was borne loyally and successfully.

In some areas the transfer from one system to the other was acomparatively easy matter; for example in the City of Cork orLimerick, where the area affected was unchanged and the Principalor Secretary of the former Committee became the statutory ChiefExecutive Officer of its successor. In others the transfer was a matterof some difficulty involving considerable adjustments of staff, forexample in the City of Dublin where, the area of the VocationalEducation Committee comprises the areas of the former TechnicalInstruction Committees of Dublin, Rathrnines and Pembroke as wellas portion of the area of the former County Dublin Technical Instruc-

46

tion Committee, or in the County of Wexford where the separateTechnical Instruction areas of Enniscorthy and New Ross wereamalgamated with the County or in the South Riding of Tipperary,which under the new conditions now includes the former TechnicalInstruction areas of Clonmel and Tipperary (Joint Urban and Rural).The manner, however, in which these difficult amalgamations "ereeffected showed the soundness and good sense of the Committees bothoutgoing and incoming and the faith of the staffs in the possibilities ofdevelopment under the new regime.

As a result of the additional duties involved it was not feasible forthe former Secretaries of Agriculture and Technical Instruction Com-mittees to remain in charge of Vocational Education Schemes and theappointment of a number of new Chief Executive Officers becamenecessary. The success of the schemes in county areas will largelydepend on the ability of these officers in matters pertain ing to classorganisation, control and development and the Department is requiringthat each appointment be filled by a person of high technical qualifica-tions and good teaching experience. For a variety of causes delayshave occurred in filling the new positions. This is unfortunate for theareas concerned, as in the absence of a competent whole-time con-trolling officer little development can take place.

Difficulty was experienced in co-ordinating with the new Schemesof Vocational Education the special schemes of instruction in Irish,which since 1923 have been administered by Technical InstructionCommittees. In some areas, such as the Counties of Wexford, Limerickand Tipperary S.R., it was found that the expenditure on instructionin Irish was nearly equal to or greater than the expenditure on all othertypes of instruction combined, and it was felt locally that this positionwas unbalanced and anomalous. The new committees were unwillingto allow it to continue, but were equally unwilling to dispense withtheir teachers of Irish, and have constantly sought some way out ofthis impasse. Up to the present the contradictory position has beencased in three ways (1) by the conduct of special courses in contin ua-tion school subjects at Dublin and Cork with a view to qualifyingselected teachers of Irish to teach other subjects and thus render theiremployment more economic, (2) by the merging of certain urbanschemes where the proportion of Irish taught was small with theCounty Schemes where it was large and redressing the balance ofinstruction by an interchange of staff, and (3) in some cases by theinterest taken by Committees in having the classes effectively super-vised and wasteful expenditure reduced. In a few cases where theCommittees were satisfied that the teachers were not doing satisfactorywork, their services were dispensed with.

The regulations relating to Accounts, Audit and Procedure thatwere issued as prescribed by the Vocational Education Act and areconsequent on the establishment of the new Committees as corporate

47

bodies, involved a great change in the local administration of schemes.This change caused considerable initial difficulty but has now beensuccessfully completed.

The basis of payment of grants out of State-Voted moneys in aid-of the schemes administered by the Committees has been entirely.altered. Grants were paid to the former Committees of TechnicalInstruction and of Agriculture and Technical Instruction under avariety of headings (a) Endowment, (b) Attendance Grants under aProgramme for Technical Schools and Classes, (c) Refund of a Cost ofLiving bonus on the salaries of staffs, and (d) other grants of specialcharacter. The complex system of financing schemes which had beenbuilt up during the thirty years that have elapsed since the passing ofthe Agriculture and Technical Instruction Act of 1899, had many dis-advantages which have been referred to in Annual Reports from timeto time. On the new basis the Committees receive a consolidated StateGrant dependent on the total of the grants that were payable on theold basis at the time of transfer together with a development grant,dependent partly on the population of the area and partly on theamount of the annual contribution of the local rating authority to thescheme in excess of the" minimum annual liability .. of the authority.It is claimed that the system of payment of " block" grants, in addi-tion to relieving both the Committees and the Department of muchtedious and ineffective work of a routine character, facilitates thedevelopment of classes of the most desirable type, and indeed in 1931-32 there are already instances of good educational ventures that wouldhave been impossible in the closely regulated atmosphere of the oldsystem. It must be remembered, however, that a block grant systemhas its disadvantages as well as its advantages, and it will be verynecessary in the early years of its operation to take every precautionagainst casual local control which is just as possible under the blockgrant system as efficient educational enterprise.

The reduction in the size of committees, as now limited by Statute,is proving of immense advantage both in expediting the business andin the more competent consideration of the matters before the meet-ings. The Committees have faced their new responsibilities with ear-nestness and intelligence and undoubtedly have at heart the welfareof the schemes they manage. As was to be expected they find diffi-culty in comprehending the operations of a scheme as a whole espe-cially its educational implications, but where there are competent andexpert Chief Executive Officers they have shown no tendency to runcounter to their advice and in all such cases good development andprogress can be recorded. It is to be regretted, however, that there arestill instances where intense local canvassing still dominates theappointment of teachers and forces any judicial consideration ofqualifications into the background.

48

11.

THE ATTENDANCE AT CLASSES.

In view of the large amount of attention that had to be given by theChief Executive Officers of the various Committees to the generaladministrative changes that were consequent on the transfer andamalgamation of schemes, it was scarcely to be expected that anyincrease of attendance would be effected in 1930-31. Compared withthe previous session the attendance at permanent school centres isslightly less and at classes under county schemes slightly greater. Itmust be remembered, however, that the teaching resources of someschools were diverted to the training of additional teachers in antici-pation of general development in 1931-32 and to the supplementarytraining of certain others employed by the Committees. The resultantloss of teaching service for ordinary classes would more than accountfor the diminished attendance at the permanent schools.

The distribution of Technical School students among the variousgroups of study in the session under review and preceding sessions canbe seen from the following comparative table :-

I

Course 1924-25 1927-28 1929-30 1930-31

Introductory · . · . · . 1,757 1,623 2,088 1,762Commerce and Languages · . 8,811 9,468 11,919 11,214Science (Pure and Applied) 3,757 5,178 6,573 6,515Handicraft · . · . · . 1,009 1,661 2,512 2,003Domestic Science · . · . 5,354 6,980 8,443 8,212Art . . · . · . · . 916 997 1,219 1,427Other Subjects · . · . 206 229 180 135

Totals · . · . 21,808 26,136 32,934 31,268

The marked advance in technological subjects, comprising Science(Pure and Applied) and Handicraft which was commented on in theAnnual Report for 1929-30 has been well maintained. Compared with1924-25 there has been an increase of 79 per cent. In Commerce therehas been in the same period an increase of 27 per cent., in DomesticScience of 53 per cent., and in Art of 56 per cent.

As regards the classes conducted under county schemes, elsewherethan in established technical schools, the position in broad groups isas follows :-

E

49

Course 1924-25 1927-28 1929-30 1930-31

Manual Instruction · . · . 2,460 4,810 4,514 4,303Home Spinning, Lace-making,

etc. . . · . · . · . 968 933 917 1,057Domestic Economy · . · . 4,631 7,171 6,742 7,092Engineering · . · . · . - - 828 661Commerce · . · . · . 884 1,063 946 1,250Other subjects · . · . 1,352 744 1,266 1,146

Totals · . · . 10,295 14,721 15,213 15,509

Thus in the last year of operation of the Agriculture and TechnicalInstruction Act, there is, in urban and rural classes combined, anattendance of approximately 50,000 students, in addition to 20,000attending the classes conducted under the special schemes for teachingthe Irish language. The development of the schemes has been zeal-ously and patiently fostered in the thirty years since the Act waspassed: enrolments were increased from year to year; fuller courseswere provided for the students; new subjects were added to the Schoolprogrammes, and buildings and equipment, for the purchase of whichthere was no adequate provision in the Act were secured as a result ofcareful administration of the moneys of the Educational Schemes. Itis a tribute to the early workers of the Department and to the firstprincipals and secretaries of the local committees, who jointly laid thefoundations of technical instruction in the county, that the change toa system of wider scope is facilitated by the virility of the system whichis being replaced.

Ill.

THE EFFICIENCY OF THE INSTRUCTION.

The efficiency of the instruction carried on under the schemes issatisfactory and is steadily improving. Judged by the standards often years ago, it would be considered high, but with the steady progresswhich has been made in the training of teachers and in local adminis-tration the general level of efficiency has improved and the standardof normal efficiency has in consequence been raised.

To indicate more clearly what is meant by satisfactory efficiency itis necessary to review the different types of instruction under certainbroad headings as follows:-

1. Engineering Subjects-including Electrical and Motor CarEngineering, Metalworkshop Practice, Maintenance ofAgricultural Machinery, Practical Mathematics, MachineDrawing, Heat Engines, Applied Mechanics.

so2. Building Trades Sub/ects-including Carpentry and Joinery,

Cabinetmaking, Woodwork, Free and Mechanical Drawing,Practical Mathematics and also Plasterers' Work, Plumb-ing, Painters' and Decorators' Work and such like.

3. Domestic Science Subjects - including Cookery, Laundry,Needlework, Dressmaking, Housecrafts, House Manage-ment, Hygiene and First Aid.

4. Commercial and Literary Subjects-including Accountancy,Economic Geography, Elementary Book-keeping, Short-hand, Typewriting, Business Methods, Commercial Arith-metic as well as Commercial Law, Insurance, Banking andsuch like.

5. Science Sub/ects-including Applied Physics, Applied Mathe-matics, Applied Chemistry, Chemical Technology, RuralScience, Gardening, Farm Accounts.

6. Art Subjects-including Free and Mechanical Drawing, Design,Drawing from Casts and from Natural Forms, IndustrialDesign, Modelling, Painting from Natural Forms and avariety of Art Crafts.

Although part-time specialist teachers are frequently engaged, in-struction in each group is dealt with for the most part by a particulartype at whole-time teacher who deals with a number of allied subjectsof the group and almost all the whole-time teachers employed by theCommittees may be classified under one of these six headings.

Experience has shown that for the success of evening classes whichare largely attended by young people employed during the day, theteacher should be not only qualified in the general principles of thesubjects with which he is to deal, but he must also be at home in thecorresponding practical applications.

It has been possible in the case of groups 1, 2 and 3 to secure whole-time teachers of practical competence and experience as these groupsare almost altogether recruited from special courses conducted by theDepartment and with increasing experience of selection and methodsof training the steady increase of teaching efficiency referred to abovehas been obtained. These teachers place practical work in the fore-front of their programme. They give their students definite trainingin particular processes directly related to the occupations in whichthey are engaged or in which they propose to engage, and associateclosely with it instruction on the principles underlying those processes.At the same time (or at a later stage, according to the type of studentwith which they are dealing) they introduce instruction in ancillarysubjects such as Drawing, Mathematics, Mechanics, Pattern Drafting,Hygiene and so on. This principle of holding up the instruction intheoretical subjects until the student's confidence and interest isgained and until he is ready for it, has been lately developed and has

51

proved extraordinarily successful in the case of students who haveforgotten their primary school work or who have been backward atthe primary school and left it with a distaste for the three R's,

For" Group 4 " subjects, the whole-time teachers are largely Uni-versity Graduates in Commerce who have little experience of business.Their efficiency as teachers in their initial years of employment is muchmore uneven than with groups 1, 2 and 3. The atmosphere of anevening technical class is very different from that of the Universityand the graduates, being without special preparation such as is givento the teachers in the above groups, have difficulty in acclima-tising themselves to it. They have ample knowledge of the subjects tobe taught but have little in common with their students and find ithard to interest them by linking up the subject of study with its appli-cations to daily experience. They cannot make much progress untilthey begin to understand the outlook of those who have to start earn-ing their living early in life. The majority become alive to the sit-tion within a few years and become efficient teachers .. Their slownessin making proper contact with their students, however, indicates theneed for a special course of training for Commercial graduates whointend to take up technical teaching.

Teachers of " Group 5" subjects are few in number in comparisonwith the others and are in two sections-those with degrees in Physicalor Chemical Science who are employed in the County Borough Tech-nical Schools and those with degrees in Natural Science or Agriculturewho are employed in the Counties. The former have been establishedfor a long time and their work is generally good. The latter are onlytaking up teaching work in connection with the development of countyschemes. Their work is pioneer in character and no definite conclusionabout it can yet be formed. Such indications as there are, however,are promising.

The number of teachers of Art subjects-Group 6-is very small andtheir activities are confined mainly to the larger centres. The studentsattending their classes are of a varied character, some attending forinstruction in Drawing, Design, Modelling or Craft work which they feelwill be of direct value to them in their occupation or which will helpthem to qualify for some particular position, and the rest attendingfor some recreational or cultural motive. The latter are in the majo-rity and their presence and the fact that they are engaged on manyvarieties of work make it difficult to define the purpose of the workas a whole or to be sure that it is satisfactorily fulfilling a purpose.The teaching of the various branches of the work is generally satisfac-tory and in certain centres highly efficient. At the same time theabsence of any main purpose and the fact that Art instruction doeslittle to animate work in other practical subjects are unsatisfactoryfeatures.

The problem of securing efficient instruction in special subjects of

52

the above groups has been solved satisfactorily by the employment ofpart-time teachers fully qualified and highly skilled in their particulartrade. The great majority are employed in the County Boroughs, butother centres use teachers of this type where there is a local demandand where a suitable local person can be found. It has been found thatthe efficiency of instruction of these teachers depends very largely ontheir own skill and knowledge of their craft. Where these are presentin a high degree, respect and enthusiasm for the craft are, as a rule,also present, and these qualities in the part-time teacher, when com-bined with some experience of students and class management, fre-quently produce a teacher who, if somewhat unorthodox, is full ofcharacter and highly efficient.

As an indication of the variety of subjects which are taught by part-time teachers, the following table, which is compiled as a selection fromSchool prospectuses is of service :-

Flour Milling ..Tailors CuttingTrade DressmakingShirt MakingCabinet MakingWood Cutting MachineryPlumbing and Tinsmiths' WorkMetal Plate WorkBrass FinishingLinotypeTypography ..Lithography ..Book-bindingBricklaying and PlasteringPainting and Decorating ..Telegraphy and TelephonyCost AccountsBanking and Foreign Exchange ..Commercial LawPharmacyHairdressing ..

2 teachers4225242352323:L322224

In addition to teachers of technical subjects a large number of teach-ers of Irish are employed by Committees. These are engaged largelyin conducting Irish classes in rural centres but an increasing numberare conducting the Irish classes which are carried on as portion of thecurriculum in the Continuation Schools. The efficiency of the teachingis generally satisfactory but their work suffers very much from thedifficulty of .-ecuring progress in successive years. In technical sub-jects, particularly in handwork subjects, definite progress may be madeand consolidated in, say, 60 hours' instruction, but in a language a

53

much longer time is required to produce lasting results; therefore,unless a student returns for at least three years to Irish classes inadvancing stages he cannot make any real progress. In some areas,such as County Cork, where the instruction in Irish is highly organ-ised, students are induced to return year after year to advancedclasses, and there the instruction yields very good results and a fairproportion of students who have a fluent knowledge of Irish is pro-duced. Good results are also produced where a sound scholarshipscheme is provided by which selected students are sent for one monthto an Irish College. By this means a basis is provided for the classwork during the year and there is a definite incentive to regular attend-ance.

Where so many varying subjects are concerned it is almost impossibleto give an effective summary of inspectors' reports, but the followinggeneral report from the Department's expert inspectors on the teachingof Domestic Economy is of much interest

" Cookery.-Having regard to the difficulty of the subject, theteaching of cookery was in general satisfactory, in the case of thelarge Technical Schools the teaching was highly efficient.

" Dress-making.-Good work was done by a limited number ofteachers who take this as a separate subject, and who, through aspecialised training have achieved the high degree of technicalskill necessary for success in teaching. Where Dressmakingformed part of a general Domestic Science course in charge of oneteacher, results were in most cases less satisfactory. Of late,Dressmaking seems to have got side-tracked by the vogue forHomecraft-an attractive but non-essential subject.

"Laundrywork.-Instruction in Laundrywork has been discon-tinued in many of the smaller schools. Although not so importantas in the days of starch and frills it still forms an essential part ofhousehold work. A short series of lessons would meet present dayneeds, and should be provided for in every Domestic Sciencesyllabus.

" Hygiene.-This much-discussed subject received a fair share ofattention. The method of teaching usually adopted-lectures bythe teacher at which pupils made rough notes to be afterwardscopied into books-resulted in some strange entries, e.g., ' the badeffects of ventilated air.'

"Housewifery.-No special plOvision is made for practical in-struction in general household work, such as cleaning rooms,laying and lighting fires, table-service, etc. Students get a certainamount of practice in kitchen work. Theory lessons may be givenin connection with other subjects, but the general impressionreceived was that this side of the subject was somewhat neg-lected."

54

As an indication of the nature of the instruction in a totally differen ttype of subject the following report of one of the expert Instructors inFarriery is also of interest :-

"During the Session 1930-31 Classes in Farriery were con-ducted by me at centres in County Cork, namely, Kanturk andCoachford, Cork and Millstreet.

" The classes were the first of their kind to be conducted at thetwo former centres, and they were very much appreciated beingattended by a large percentage of the Smiths of the Districts,some of whom travelled long distances in order to attend. Inaddition to the regular classes I visited the forges of the studentsto conduct practical demonstrations on the proper preparation ofthe feet and fitting of shoes, and these visits were also much appre-ciated. Horse owners also expressed their appreciation of thesevisits and did their utmost to bring cases of improper shoeing tomy notice for the furthering of the instruction.. "In the majority of the students' forges I found the tools used forHorse Shoeing very poor and unsuitable for the work. This, how-ever, was remedied to some extent during my visits, but morecould be done if a few class nights could be devoted to tool making.

"During the latter part of the Session classes were conducted atCork and MiIlstreet. At both of these centres classes had pre-viously been held, and I found that practically all of the oldstudents had continued to carry out the instruction formerlygiven, with the gratifying result that a very large percentage ofthe horses are now shod with flat shoes on their front feet. Itwas also highly satisfactory to me to note the absence of lameor unsound horses in these districts which is undoubtedly due tothe more rational principles of shoeing practised by the Farrierswho have passed through the classes.

"Most of the older students at these centres are now highlyskilled craftsmen. They have also taken up the theoretical sideof the curriculum with keenness and interest, and have alsoencouraged the younger men to adopt the more scientific prin-ciples of Horse Shoeing.

"During the session under review a horse shoe-making competi-tion was held in connection with the Thurles Agricultural So-ciety's Show at which I had the honour of adjudicating. Thework of the competitors was, I regret to say, of a low standard, andI would suggest that a class in Farriery be given to the smiths inthis district, where I understand a large number of valuablehorses are bred."

In general, two factors contribute to the efficiency of the instr uctiongiven under the schemes. The first is the definite interest of thestudent who is, as a rule, attending to gain knowledge or training insome particular subject. He will cease to attend if this need is not

55

satisfied, and the teacher to prevent his class vanishing must presenthis subject efiectively and give the training required. This somewhatnegative factor would not alone, however, produce more than mediocrework. The second and main factor in the efficiency of the instructionis the loyalty and enthusiasm of the teachers. The great majority ofthem are interested in their work, like their students, and are anxiousto help them. Owing to their past experience, their relations withemployers and workers and their contact with evening classes attendedby those actually at work they tend to mould their teaching to theimmediate and future needs of their students, and in so doing givetheir instruction with conviction and with faith in its usefulness. Thisfaith is in varying degrees almost universal among technical teachersand its existence is the mainspring of the efficiency of their work inboth day and evening classes.

IV.

TRAINING OF TEACHERS.

The special course for the training of teachers of Woodwork andBuilding Construction terminated in October, 1930, and the results ofthe final examinations reflect much credit on the staff of the MunicipalTechnical Institute, Limerick, where the course was conducted. Thework in the various subjects of the course was uniformly good, butspecial mention must be made of the instruction in BlackboardDrawing. The teachers-in-training had been taught to make black-board illustrations of their lessons with great ease and skill-an achieve-ment that was remarkable in view of their almost complete lack ofknowledge of Freehand Drawing on admission to the course and thecomparatively restricted time available for the instruction. The im-portance of illustrative drawing as an aid to teaching is frequentlyoverlooked and it is gratifying to know that these young teachers havestarted on their work with this valuable asset at their command.

Twenty-three teachers who passed the final examinations of thecourse got employment almost immediately as Manual Instructors inVocational Education Schemes. Their early eftorts were satisfactoryand their progress in teaching will be supervised and assisted by theDepartment. More appointments, however, were available than wasanticipated, and it has been decided to conduct another course forManual Instructors to commence in October, 1932. In view of thecontinued difficulty of securing instructors with a knowledge of theIrish language it has been decided to modify the conditions of admis-sion to training. In previous courses skill in a trade or craft formed avery important factor in the selection of candidates, with the resultthat Irish speakers, resident for the most part in areas in which a highdegree of craftsmanship could not be obtained in the ordinary way,had extremely little chance of admission. It is expected that the new

56

course will provide a sufficiency of Instructors for the Gaeltacht, whichin this respect at present is not so satisfactorily supplied as otherareas.

The special course of training for teachers of Metalwork and MotorCar Engineering also terminated in October, 1930. This course, con-ducted at the Technical School, Ringsend, which has a well deservedreputation of good teaching in Engineering SUbjects, comprised in-struction in Electricity, Heat and Mechanics, Mathematics and MachineDrawing as well as in Metalwork, Motor Car Mechanism and Garage-work. It was attended by specially selected persons with goodexperience of Engineering practice and is the second of its kind con-ducted in the Saorstat, the first, conducted in 1926-27, being to someextent a unique educational experiment. The results were excellentfor the most part and the teacher-students, expert in practical workand with a very fair theoretical knowledge, should set and maintain agood tradition of teaching. Supplementary Summer Courses will berequired from time to time to extend the training of those who fol-lowed the Course especially in the direction of a more exact know-ledge of Electricity, Mechanics and Mathematics. Early in 1931 thenew teachers were practically all in employment, but their serviceswere utilised for the most part in connection with the fitting andequipping of their workshops in preparation for the classes commencingin the Session, 1931-32.

The competition for places in the Special Course for the training of20 additional teachers of Domestic Economy was not so keen as wasanticipated. The Course was given at the Department's School ofHousewifery, at Killarney, which was specially re-modelled to providethe necessary accommodation. Those who attended were somewhatuneven in attainment, which added considerably to the difficulties ofan intensive Course. The instruction, however, was planned withmuch thought and very satisfactory results were achieved. The tea-chers, who are additional to the regular supply from the TrainingSchool at Kilmacud and the new Training College conducted by theDominican Order at Sion Hill, Blackrock, County Dublin, were muchneeded in connection with the extended Schemes of the various Com-mittees and their work as far as it is possible to judge in the short timesince the completion of their training shows every promise of success.

A course of much interest was conducted in the Crawford MunicipalTechnical Institute, Cork, for forty-one selected teachers of Irish. Thecourse was arranged for the three summer months so as to interfere aslittle as possible with the teachers' ordinary duties under the Schemes,and was organised with a view to providing these " single subject"teachers with a knowledge of the treatment of other subjects of a con-tinuation school programme. The subjects chosen were Mathematics,Commercial Geography, Rural Science and English, but the generalimpression gained from the course as it developed was that better

57

results would have been possible with fewer subjects. Most of theteacher students were weak in some particular subject and the makingup of that subject was a difficult matter, especially when those con-cerned were thirty-five to forty years of age. There can be no doubt,however, that everyone of the students benefited from the course andmost of them benefited greatly. The instructor-in-charge of thecourse says in his report that "the number who returned to theirhomes without an eager desire to keep up the study of some at least ofthe subjects, must be small, indeed. They spoke enthusiastically ofdoing so and made many inquiries about text-books and means ofcoming at information in general." The instructors in all four subjectswere impressed with the earnestness of the students to acquire addi-tional knowledge and to become au fait with up-to-date teachingmethods. A course which was designed on somewhat similar lines butfor a shorter period was conducted under the aegis of the CountyDublin Committee and was attended by thirty additional teachers ofIrish.

A Course in Science and Allied Subjects was given at the Depart-ment's Laboratory, Marlborough Street, Dublin, to twenty Universitygraduates as a preparation for employment under Schemes of Voca-tional Education. Lessons were given in Chemistry, Biology andGeology to illustrate the treatment of the subjects to be adopted forjunior classes. Instruction was also given in Account Keeping forFarmers, a subject which is in much demand in rural areas. Speciallessons were provided in Blackboard Drawing as an aid to teaching.The course, which was of eight weeks' duration, was effectivelyhandled. Unfortunately few of the new Committees made provisionfor the employment of Rural Science teachers, and some of those whoattended the course were not absorbed into the Vocational EducationSchemes as anticipated. They were, however, employed as teachersof Science in Secondary Schools in which capacity the training receivedat the Course has proved to be of distinct benefit to them.

Approximately one hundred whole-time teachers have been addedto the staff of Vocational Education Committees through the mediumof these special courses and their preparation for teaching has involvedmore care and thought than would appear on the surface. Whateverskill and experience the country possesses in the matter of technicaleducation was brought to bear on this important task and a very fairdegree of success has been attained. It is inevitable, however, thatweaknesses, inherent in any scheme of intensive training for teachers,will show themselves in the next few sessions and it will be necessaryto repair these from time to time by supplementary summer coursesand other adequate means.

58

v.TECHNICAL SCHOOL BUILDINGS.

In the year that has elapsed since the passing of the VocationalEducation Act the new Committee have started in a business-like wayto provide the school accommodation that is urgently required through-out the country, and there are many building schemes before theDepartment at the moment. In some cases the Committees propose toexercise their powers under Section 50 of the Act and to borrow thenecessary moneys on the security of their Vocational Education funds.In other cases the local rating authorities have agreed to borrow for thepurpose of making grants to the Committees under Section 51 of theAct. These grants are additional to the annual local contributionswhich are payable under Section 43 in aid of the normal maintenanceof the Schemes. In view of the prevalent desire of rating authoritiesto avoid additional expenditure of any kind, it is remarkable that theresponse to the applications of Vocational Education Committees forgrants for building purposes has been in general so favourable.

In most of the building schemes submitted to the Department it isproposed to borrow the necessary moneys from the Commissioners ofPublic Works as provided in Sub-section (3) of Section 50 and Sub-section (5) of Section 51 of the Act. New procedure with regard to theaward of these loans had to be determined, as also with regard to theconsent of the Minister for Local Government and Public Health inreference to grants from local rating authorities under Section 51 (1) ofthe Act and to the consent of the Minister for Finance with regard togrants in aid of repayment of loans under Section 51 (6) of the Act.Considerable delay in the award of loans was inevitable in the cir-cumstances, but the procedure has now been fixed and the applica-tions from the Committees are being dealt with more expeditiously.

Most of the proposals that have been advanced so far by the Com-mittees are in respect of four and five-roomed schools suitable forurban districts with a population of 3,000 to 5,000. These serve notonly the urban dwellers but the rural population for a radius of fivemiles and more. Many committees are considering the advisabilityof erecting one or two roomed halls in well-populated rural areas wherethere is no definite urban nucleus. Such areas would undoubtedlywelcome some provision for post-primary instruction.

A code of Rules relating to the design of Technical Schools has beenprepared by the Architect's Department of the Board of Works and isproving of much service to the Architects employed by Committees.Memoranda have been issued by the Department on the equipment ofWoodwork shops, Metalwork shops, Domestic Economy Rooms and

cience Laboratories.The position at the moment with regard to the various building

schemes is as follows ;-

59

County Boroughs and Urban Schemes.Dublin.-Bolton Street Technical School: a new wing has been com-

pleted at a cost of £25,000. Pembroke Town Hall has beenpurchased and is being adapted for school purposes. RathminesTown Hall has been leased and is being adapted for the pur-poses of a school of Domestic Economy, the present schoolbeing required for Commercial classes alone. Parnell SquareTechnical School has been altered and repaired at a cost of£2,000. Proposals for schools in the Marino and Inchicore dis-tricts are under consideration.

Cork.-The preliminary plans for the new School of Commerce havebeen approved and final plans are being prepared. In connec-tion with these the Architect and the Principal of the Schoolwere sent to Germany to study the design and equipment ofmodern school buildings. The negotiations for acquiring certainhouses bordering on the site of the new school are almost com-plete and it is expected that building will commence in aboutsix months.

Limerick.-The new wings to the Technical Institute are almostcomplete. They will provide much needed workshop accom-modation. The completed building will make a very satisfac-tory institute for the city.

Waterford.-Ground bordering on the site of the existing school isbeing purchased for extensions.

Bray.-All negotiations in connection with the new school have beencompleted and the building work has been commenced. Theschool is expected to cost £6,300.

Sligo.-Plans for additions to the existing school at an estimatedcost of £2,500 have been examined by the Board of Works andreturned for amendment.

Wexford.-Work in connection with some minor structural altera-tions has been completed. The further reconstruction of theschool premises is under consideration.

County Schemes.Carlow.-The Committee intends to provide additional accommo-

dation either by extending the present premises or by purchas-ing new and larger premises for adaptation, but the decisionhas not yet been made.

Cavan.-A loan of £5,500 is being obtained for the building of a newschool in the town of Cavan. Plans have been submitted andexamined.

Clare.-New schools are proposed for Ennis and Kilrush at an esti-mated cost of £8,000. The site negotiations are not yet com-plete.

Cork.-The new schools at Fermoy and Clonakilty have been com-

60

pleted and classes are in operation. Schools are proposed forCobh, Bandon and Macroom, and good progress has been madein the negotiations. Alterations and extensions to certain otherschools in the County ale in progress.

Galzvay.-Application has been made for consent to a loan of £3,400·for small schools at Carraroe and Rosmuc.

Kerry.-The extension of the school at Listowel is almost complete.A new school is proposed for Kenrnare.

Kildare.-The Committee has acquired a very suitable portion of thedisused Military Barracks at aas for conversion into a schooland work is about to be commenced. It is also proposed toerect a school at Athy, and preliminary negotiations are pro-ceeding.

Kilkenny.-The Committee proposes to acquire the Model Schoolbuilding in the City of Kilkenny, for adaptation to the purposesof a Technical School, but the transfer of the building has notyet been negotiated. The Committee also proposes to acquirepremises at certain rural centres in the County.

Leitrim.-Sites are being acquired for three schools in the County.

Limerick.-A loan has been obtained for schools at Hospital andNewcastle West, but the plans have not been finally approved.

Longford.-The Military Store has been acquired for conversion intoa school, but the plans for alterations are not yet decided on.

Mayo.-New schools are about to be built at Castlebar, Ballina andWest port at an estimated cost of £15,000. Sites have beenpurchased and plans prepared.

111eath.- The school at Kells has been completed and classes are inoperation. The building of the Trim school is in progress.Plans for the extension of the school at An Uairnh have beenapproved.

Monaghan.-A loan of £1,500 is being obtained for building a smallschool at Rockcorry.

Offaly.-New schools are about to be built at Tullamore, Birr, Claraand two or three smaller centres. Plans are being prepared.

Roscommon.-A proposal has been discussed to purchase some pro-perty in Roscommon for conversion into a school.

Sligo.-Small schools are about to be built at Tubbercurry, Bally-mote and Grange.

Tipperary, N.R.-Plans have been prepared for a school at Nenagh,.but the negotiations for a site are not completed. Plans arebeing prepared for a school at Templemore.

Tipperary, S.R.-Building work has commenced on a new school atCashel to cost £3,800. A new school is also to be built in thetown of Tipperary.

Waterford.-New schools are proposed for Dungarvan and Cappo-quin. A site has been acquired for the latter.

61

Westmeath.-The plans for the reconstruction of a portion of theworkhouse building at Athlone have been approved.

Wexford.-The loan for a new school at Gorey has been approvedand a site has been purchased. Plans are in course of prepa-ration.

VI.

THE NEW SCHEMES.

The opening of the Session 1931-32 was attended by a certainarnount of confusion, which was more marked in the areas where theChief Executive Officers lacked educational experience. The employ-ment of many new and inexperienced teachers, the establishment ofnew centres of instruction and the supply of new equipment placed aheavy strain on the organising powers of the responsible officers.Early reports on the schemes, however, indicate that the newly-appointed teachers faced the demands made upon them with success,especially so in the case of those trained in the Department's SpecialCourse already referred to. The others, who had not the advantage oftraining with a special outlook, found difficulty both in organisingtheir courses of instruction and in teaching their classes effectively.

It would appear that little difficulty will be experienced in establish-ing whole-time continuation schools on a successful basis. The enrol-ment and attendance are very satisfactory. In the urban centres,schools with a commercial bias are proving more attractive than thosewith a trade bias. This is only to be expected, as the prospects in com-mercial pursuits of employment are more obvious. It will be an im-portant part of the duties of committees and their officers to getclosely in touch with and obtain the confidence of employers, whoshould be kept informed from time to time of the types of studentsin the schools that will be available for employment. It would notappear that sufficient efforts are being made to organise whole-timeschools in preparation for specific occupations. In this connectionthere should be a large field in both urban and rural areas for thetraining of young people for domestic service. Such training, especiallyif it resulted in the award of a certificate of competence, would do muchto raise the standard and appreciation of this occupation, which makesmore demands on skill and intelligence than is usually recognised.

The! e are indications also of a demand for whole-time continuationschools in non-urban areas. Rural school experiments of varying char-acter are being made by certain committees and give promise of success.The parents in rural areas feel the need for the provision of post-primaryeducation with a strong practical bias, but it will be difficult to provideclasses of a specialised type. The programme of a rural continuationschool must of necessity be of more general purpose, but it shouldinclude instruction in the fundamental principles of Domestic Economy

62

and Agricultural Science as well as in various forms of Craftsmanship.It must be remembered that our primary schools make no provisionwhatever for training in Handwork, such as is the common practicein other countries, and it is therefore all the more necessary thatmuch emphasis should be laid on the development of a pride in hand-work in our continuation schools that are to be established.

Owing to the initial difficulties of organisation, part-time continua-tion classes would not appear to be so successful as whole-time, but itis too early to give a definite opinion. Good results would appear to,depend on the outlook of the teacher and the treatment of subjectmatter. It is highly important that the student should feel that he isin a completely different educational environment and that his success.will be Iai gely measured by his own effort and co-operation. Instruc-tion in handwork is as essential in part-time courses as in whole-time,

In order that the work of the continuation schools for 1931-32:should be adequately tested, the Department is requiring each ChiefExecutive Officer to have examinations conducted in the last weekof the Session, The examinations are to be arranged according to atime-table to be previously approved, and the results together with ageneral report on the instruction are to be furnished by the ChiefExecutive Officer to the Committee concerned as well as to the De-partment.

In view also of the expansion of classes and the increasing import-ance of the careful and methodical direction of their organisation, theDepartment is requiring that an educational scheme for the Session1932-33 should be made out by the Chief Executive Officer for eacharea not later than the 9th July, 1932, In this way it is hoped that thearrangements for the work of the Session 1932-33 will be carefullyplanned in advance so that all classes may be put into operation witha minimum of delay and in such a manner that their purpose and scopeare clearly defined, It is expected that the drafting of the educationalscheme for an area will provide a good opportunity for discussionbetween the staff of the Committee and Officers of the Departmentwith a view to achieving the best attainable results.

The provisions of the Apprenticeship Act which has recently beenpassed by the Oireachtas are of much importance to Vocational Educa-tional Committees in the city areas. The Act can accomplish much forthe worker of the future, if employers and trade unions will co-operateto make it a success. There are ample provisions in the VocationalEducation Act for the school training of the worker before he entersoccupation as well as during his apprenticeship, but the co-operationof trade organisations is required if the best results are to be secured.The Apprenticeship Act provides the machinery for the co-operationof the trades. Side by side the two measures should lead to a closerconnection between education and industry and to greater efficiency-in both spheres of activity.

63

VII.TECHNICAL SCHOOL EXAMINATIONS.

The total number of worked exercises in 1931 was much the same asin 1930, but as can be seen from the following table the proportion inthe third and fourth year groups was higher ;-

I

IFirst Second Third Fourth

Year Year Year Year Year Honours Total

I Group Group Group Group I I-----

19301931 I

4,6784,297 1

1,4891,684

303412

135176

912

6,6146,581

The number of candidates progressing steadily throughout theexamination system cannot be considered satisfactory. There is ofcourse a " year to year" loss that is common to all examination sys-tems, but this loss is higher in the Saorstat than it ought to be. Threeprincipal factors would appear to be contributory to this unsatisfac-tory state of affairs, (1) the average evening school student is stillunable or unwilling to attend classes for more than two or three years,(2) the smaller schools are not in a position to supply effective advancedinstruction, and (3) the syllabuses in the higher years are unsuited tothe requirements of many of the students, especially in the skilledtrades. Further, it must be observed that the large development ofwhole-time day continuation classes in the last two or three years hasled to an increase for the time being in the number of candidates for theLower Examinations. The better preparation which these candidatesnow receive in their early stages gives ground for the hope that a muchlarger entry will be obtained for the higher examinations at no distantdate.

It has been decided, however, to have the whole question of theexamination system carefully explored, and for this purpose a com-mittee has been appointed" to consider (1) the nature of the testswhich should be applied for the purpose of judging the progress ofstudents in day continuation schools and (2) the revision of the existingsystem of Technical School Examinations, and to make recommenda-tions." The Committee is composed of representative principals ofschools and senior officers of the Department. It is understood thatconsiderable progress has been made by the Committee and that im-portant changes will be recommended.

An interesting development in the Session under review was theintroduction of a Scheme for the Award of Medals for excellence ofCraftsmanship. The competitions took place during May and June, aperiod when the majority of students are inclined to ease off from theirwork. The competitions had thus the effect of keeping students atinteresting and valuable work for a prolonged period.

6-l

The scheme covered the following trades and Art Crafts :-Car-pentry and Joinery, Plumbing, Plasterers' Work, Painting and Deco-rating, Electrical Installation Work, Cabinet-making, Farriery, Wood-carving, Leatherwork and Metalwork. There were 156 candidates.

The subjects in which competitions were held and the number ofcompetitors in each were as follows :-

Carpentry and Joinery .. 25Plasterers' Work.. 11Painting and Decorating 8Electrical Installation Work 24Cabinet-making 19Woodcarving 6Leatherwork 55Art Metalwork 8

The tests in the elementary stage of the trades subjects were of astandard suited to apprentices with two years' trade experience, whilethose in the Advanced Stage were suited to qualified tradesmen.Eight silver and nine bronze Medals were awarded, in addition to 77certificates of proficiency. Ten of the Medals were won by candidatesfrom Dublin, 3 by candidates from Cork and two each by candidatesfrom Limerick and Waterford. Very good results were obtained inthe examinations in Carpentry and Joinery, Electrical InstallationWork and Cabinet-making. In Plasterers' Work the number of can-didates in the advanced stage was small, but a fairly good numbercompeted in the elementary stage, the work was particularlypleasing, indicating that all the candidates appear to be very pro-mising material for the making of expert tradesmen. Only a smallnumber of candidates competed in Painting and Decorating. Thestandard of workmanship in the advanced stage was good throughoutbut in the elementary stage it was low.

Leatherwork was outstandingly the most successful competition inthe Art Crafts, both in number of candidates and the general quality ofthe works. The four best were so good that two Silver and two BronzeMedals were awarded. The Art Metalwork competition though smallwas very good in the quality of craftsmanship. The competition inWoodcarving was disappointing, only six candidates competing, andthe quality of the best work submitted merited only the award of aBronze Medal.

Sixty-two candidates presented for the examinations in Magnetismand Electricity, Telegraphy and Telephony which by arrangementwith the Department of Posts and Telegraphs, are held each yearfor members of the Post Office staff.

The examinations in Geometrical Drawing, Perspective and Methodsof Teaching Drawing for students who desire to qualify for one of theDepartment's teaching certificates in Art were attended by 240 can-didates.

65

At the examinations of the City and Guilds of London Institute theFirst and Second Prizes in Tailors' Cutting (Grade 1.) were awarded to-the candidates from the City of Dublin Technical Schools. A student.of this school also shared the First Prize in Grade n. of the examina-tion in Typography (Press and Machine Work).

In connection with the examinations of the Royal Society of Artsa student of the Central Technical School, Tralee, was awarded the.Society's Bronze Medal in Arithmetic (Intermediate Stage).

VIII.LOCAL SUMMER COURSES, 1931.

'Summer Courses were conducted under private management at the'following centres :-

Number ofCentre Subject Teachers in

Attendance

Blackrock (Co. Cork) Ursuline Convt. Domestic Science 7Do. (Co. Dublin) DominicanConvent, Sion Hill · . · . Drawing 14

Bray: Loreto Convent · . · . Domestic Science 8Callan: Convent of Mercy .. · . Domestic Science 4Carrickrnaci oss : St. Louis Convent Domestic Science 9

Do. do. Science · . 14Carrick-on-Suir : Residential School Domestic Science 5Cashel: Presentation Convent · . Domestic Science 6Cork: Christian Brothers , Schools,

Our Lady's Mount · . · . Science ·. 24Cork: St. Aloysius School, St. Mane's

of the Isle · . · . ·. Science · . 15Dublin: Christian Brothers' Schools,

North Richmond Street Science · . 22Do. Loreto Coll., St. Stepherr's

Green ·. · . · . Science · . 14Fermoy: Loreto Conven t · . · . Domestic Science 7

Do. do. · . · . Drawing · . 22Goresbridge: Residential. School · . Domestic Science 9Kilkenny: Presentation Convent · . Domestic Science 9Lismore: Presentation Convent · . Domestic Science 8Monaghan: St. Louis Convent · . Domestic Science 19

Do. do. I Science 11· . · . · . ·.Thurles: Ursuline Convent · . Drawing ·. 18Watcrford : Ursuline Convent ·. Science · . 13

Total · . 25RGrants to the total amount of £927 15s. 6d. were paid by the Depart-

ment under Section In. of the Programme for Technical Schools and-Classes in respect of the attendance of teachers at the above courses.

F

66

IX.

TRAINING SCHOOLS OF DOMESTIC ECONOMY.The Irish Training School of Domestic Economy at Kilmacud,

Stillorgan, which is under the direct control of the Department, wasattended by 30 residential students, of whom 11 were in their firstyear, 8 in their second, and 11 in their third year of training. All ofthe third year group presented themselves for final examination in1931, and were awarded diplomas with qualifications to teach inSecondary and Technical schools.

The facilities for practice in teaching, which were initiated in 1928,were continued. Each second and third year student is required toattend an evening technical school at least once per week, where sheassists the responsible teacher in the conduct of practical classes andgives instruction under her guidance.

During the session the students attended certain educationalexhibitions and demonstrations, and also had an opportunity ofbecoming acquainted with some aspects of social welfare work.

Two Irish plays were successfully produced by the students onMarch 18th.

There were 148 candidates for entrance to the Irish Training Schoolin 1931. Preliminary qualifying tests (Part 1. of the Examination)were held at five centres-Dublin, Cork, Limerick, Waterford andGalway. The competitive Examination (Part H. practical and oral)for twelve places was conducted at Parnell Square Technical School.Dublin, and was attended by 82 candidates.

The new Training School of Domestic Economy at St. CatherinesBlackrock, which is under the control of the Dominican Order andwhich is assisted by State Grants, was attended by 30 students, ofwhom 13 were in the preliminary Household Management Course,11 in the first and 6 in the second year of training. The School hasresidential accommodation for 48 students, and will have its comple-ment in 1931-32. Considerable extensions and alterations have beenmade to the existing School premises to render them suitable to theirnew purpose and excellent accommodation is now available. Studentsto be eligible for the course of training must have passed the LeavingCertificate Examination of the Secondary School Programme. TheMatriculation Examination of a University may also be accepted.

X.KILLARNEY SCHOOL OF HOUSEWIFERY.

Nineteen attended the school for the period of the Session up to the19th December, 1930, from which date the School was utilised inconnection with the Special Course of Training for teachers of DomesticScience referred to in a previous section of this report.

67

XI.RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS OF DOMESTIC ECONOMY.

----------

Number ofstudentspaid on

Blackrock: Residential School of HousecraftCarrick-on-Suir : St. joseph's Residential

School of Domestic TrainingDundrum: St. Michael's Residential School

of Domestic Training ..Dunmanway: Residential School of Domestic

TrainingGoresbridge: Residential School of Domestic

TrainingMiIIstreet: Residential School of HousecraftMoate: Residential School of Domestic

TrainingStradbally: Residential School of Domestic

EconomyWaterford: St. Ursula's School of Domestic

Science

8

TotalGrant

£ s. d.74 11 4

811 6 S

666 16 8

662 6 6

246 12 9560 15 7

178 611

346 011

Name of School

44

50

41

2046

16

22

12 113 19 111----- -----

Totals 259 3,360 17 0

XII.

TRADE SCHOLARSHIPS.The Department awarded in 1930 a limited number of Trade

Scholarships. The object of these Scholarships is to enable selectedapprentices who have been employed in certain specified trades inthe Saorstat for a period of at least two years, to obtain systematicwhole-time instruction in the principles of Science and Art as appliedto these trades.

A candidate must be recommended by the Manager of the industryin which he is employed, and must produce an undertaking to theeffect that he will be re-employed after the termination of theScholarship.

Twenty scholarships were awarded for the session 1930-31,asfollows :-

Cabinetmaking 15Painting and Decorating 2Electrical Installation Work 3

68

The courses in Cabinetmaking and Painting and Decorating weregiven at Bolton Street Technical School, and that in ElectricalInstallation Work at Limerick Municipal Technical Institute. Thecourses were of 29, 28 and 23 weeks duration respectively. Goodprogress was made by the apprentices in attendance.

xm.SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH.

Allowances are paid on the recommendation of the Departmentto enable students to receive a year's training in Scientific Research.The allowances are intended, not as awards of the nature of" Scholarships," but to make it possible for students to defer takingpaid work and to maintain themselves during their training, havingregard to the particular circumstances of each case. Each studentis required to submit a subject of a purely scientific character on whichhe proposes to carry out his research.

Twenty applications were received from University graduates andnine awards were made as follows :-

University College, Dublin, Physics Department 1

Dublin? Chemistry Department 3

Cork, Chemistry Department 2

Galway, Chemistry Department

Trinity College,Dublin, Chemistry Department 2

CHAPTER VI.

METROPOLITAN SCHOOL OF ART.The total number of students enrolled during the Session was 362,

of whom 146 had not previously attended the School: 134 studentsattended the Day classes, 276 students attended the Evening classes,and 48 students attended both Day and Evening Classes. The totalnumber comprised 180 male students and 182 female students. Therewere 16 free students and 12 students were admitted at reduced feesin accordance with the School programme.

The enrolment shows a decrease of 17 in the total number as com-pared with the previous Session.

Twenty-four students of the School of Architecture of UniversityCollege, Dublin, attended for instruction in Drawing and Modelling:of these, fourteen were full-time Matriculated students of the School·of Architecture, and ten were non-matriculated students, of whom

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four attended under the auspices of the Architectural Association.The sessional examinations of the School of Architecture in Drawingand Modelling were held in the School in June, for which the HeadMaster acted as examiner on behalf of University College.

Three students who were awarded Teacherships in Training inJune, 1929, were granted an extension for the Session 1931-32, havingsatisfactorily completed the course prescribed for the Sessions 1929-30and 1930-31. One of these three was awarded the Taylor Scholarshipin Painting, 1931, valued £50. Two were recommended for a specialcourse of study abroad, and, with the approval of the Department,have been transferred to the Byam Shaw School, London, where theybegan work on the 28th of September, 1931.

Three students were awarded Teacherships-in-Training as a resultof the competitive examinations held in July, and will enter on acourse of instruction with the opening of the Session 1931-32.

Sixty students entered for the examinations conducted by theDepartment of Education under the conditions of the Programme ofExaminations for Technical Schools, and secured a total of 211successes. 45 Certificates and 4 First and 8 Second Prizes and 2Silver Medals, awarded in connection with the Art Course Examinationsheld in 1930, were issued during the Session to students of the School.

Thirteen students were entered for, and passed the examinationin Blackboard Drawing held by the Department in December.

The adjudication of students' work of the Session 1930-31, underthe Local Prize Scheme, was carried out in July, and awards weremade to the total value of £48 10s. Od.

In the competition for Scholarships and Prizes offered, under theTaylor Bequest, the Scholarship in Painting, value £50, the Scholarshipin Modelling, value, £50, and three Prizes of the total value of £25.were awarded to students in attendance during the Session.

In the National Art Competition, 1931, promoted by the RoyalDublin Society, 15 awards to the total value of £60 lOs. were obtainedby students of the school.

Three students of the School during the Session held individualexhibitions of their work in the Gallery, 7 St. Stephen's Green. One ofthe three also held an exhibition of his work in London.

The School contributed an exhibit of students' work, comprisingembroidery, leatherwork, metalwork, enamelling, jewellery, andpottery, to the Aonach na Nodlag held at the Mansion House, Dublin,in December.

The Department has pleasure in recording the gift to the School of acollection of drawing examples and books presented by Miss Rothwell,Rockfield, Kells.

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CHAPTER VII.

NATIONAL MUSEUM.

I.-IRISH ANTIQUITIES DIVISION.

During the year under review the staff of the Division continued'their efforts to preserve for the national collection all finds of antiquar-ian interest, and it may be claimed that the intelligence service all overthe country is now fairly active and vigilant. The Garda Siochana,headquarters as well as the local officers, gave in many cases usefulassistance. The contact with similar institutions abroad has beensteadily increasing, and the number of people at home who communicatewith the staff about antiquarian matters, ask information, etc., isalso considerably on the increase. Field work has been facilitated bythe allocation of an annual grant,-the first since the Museum wascreated. The library of the Division benefited from the allocationof a capital sum and of a small annual grant for upkeep. The ordinarywork indoors and research connected with it was carried out as thor-oughly as possible.

Acquisitions.-The number of objects or groups of objects acquiredby the Division in the period covered by this Report amounted to730, counting several large lots as a unit. This compares favourablywith the former totals (1927-28, 732; 1928-29, 598; 1929-30, 554)and a figure of 600 to 700 may now be considered the probable yearlyaverage until the number of acquisitions begins to decrease owing tothe final exhaustion of the undiscovered archaeological wealth of thecountry. The policy of acquiring, as far as possible, not only the newfinds, but also other finds which are in private hands and liable to lossor decay, has been continued and has resulted in some very importantacquisitions.

Of the 730 objects, 79 were given on loan, whilst the number acquiredby donation amounted to 114. This represents an increase both ofdonations and loans as compared with previous years. Out of thetotal of 730, no fewer than 188, or about a fourth, belong to the IrishFolk Collection (illustrating rural life, bygone crafts and appliancesof farmers, fishermen, etc., becoming or already obsolete), a figurewhich was never reached in any previous year.

The total expenditure in purchases on behalf of the State was£548 16s. Od. (1927-28, £341 12s. 8d.; 1928-29, £345 7s. 7d.;1929-30, £434 8s. 6d.), and in addition to this the Royal Irish Academyspent £131 Os. Od. on purchases of objects for the collection.

Many people contributed to the increase in acquisitions or gavevaluable help in other respects. We are especially obliged to MajorS. U. L. Clements, D.S.O., B.A. (Officeof Public Works) ; Mr. DiarmuidCoffey, Dublin; Dr. Th. B. Costello, Tuam; Mr. H. A. Croghan,

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Asst. Engineer, Office of Public Works; Mr. Seamus 6 Duilearga,M.A., University College, Dublin; Mr. C. Green, Chief Inspector ofFisheries, Department of Land and Fisheries; Rev. L. M.~Hewson,Carbury, Co. Kildare; Mr. Thos. Leo Hogan, B.E., Office of PublicWorks; Rev. Prof. J. Hynes, University College, Galway; Prof.R. A. S. Macalister, Litt.D., Dublin; Mr. Th. Mason, Dublin; Mr.D. 6 Dubhghaill, Dublin; Mr. John O'Loan, B.Sc., A.R.C.Sc.r.,N.D.A., Department of Agriculture, Dublin; Mr. Colm O'Lochlainn,Dublin; Mr. Edward O'Toole, P.c., Rathvilly, Co. Carlow; the lateDr. G. H. Orpen, Mr. E. R. Richards-Orpen, Enniscorthy, Co. Wexford;District Justice Liam Price, Dublin; Prof. H. J. Seymour, B.A., B.Sc.,Dublin; Dr. J. Chaloner Smith, M.r.C.E.I., Office of Public Works,and Mr. J. N. A. Wallace, Limerick. Thanks are due to all the otherfriends of the Museum who, by donation, loans, information, etc.,assisted our work. They are mentioned in the appendix to the presentreport in connection with individual acquisitions.

Amongst the Gifts received the following are especially noteworthy:-stone chisel from Dervotstown, Co. Westmeath (presented by Mr.Ch. Kettle); sepulchral urn from Misterin, Co. Wexford (presentedby Michael 6 Murchadha); Ogam stone from Donaghmore, Co.Kildare (presented by Lady Nesta Fitzgerald); wooden fork from bogat Queensfort, Co. Galway (presented by Mr. Denis Joyce, throughDr. Costello); large push-plough, called "flatcher;' with harness,from Knockanally, Co. Antrim (presented by Mr. J. O'Loan); old-style wooden Plough from Sylaun, Co. Galway (presented by Dr.Costello); short curach from The Rosses, Co. Donegal (presented byDepartment of Lands and Fisheries), and Welsh Coracle, with twoclubs (to kill fish) for comparison with the Irish curachs (presentedby Sir John Lynn-Thomas, Llwyndyrys, Cardiganshire, through Dr.W. S. Haughton, Surgeon, Dublin).

Amongst the Loans, the most valuable acquisition is beyond doubtthe very interesting group of objects which were found on LambayIsland, Co. Dublin, and which were again deposited in the Museumby the Rt. Hon. The Lord Revelstoke. A fine stone lamp from Slean-aglogh, Co. Wicklow, and several other exhibits, were lent by Mr. D.6 Dubhghaill, in addition to former loans (they have all since becomethe property of the nation). A fine bronze axe from Clontarf and anEarly Iron age bridle-bit from Cong, Co. Mayo, were deposited by theRt. Rev. The Hon. Benj. Plunket, St. Anne's, Clontarf. The BelfastMunicipal Art Gallery and Museum lent a man trap and two' crigs 'for which we are obliged to Mr. A. Deane, Curator.

Amongst the Purchases there are: a splendid stone axe from Dun-more Parish, Tullyfern, Co. Donegal (acquired through the mediationof Sgt. Fleming, Garda Siochana) ; a decorated stone battle-axe fromCurraboy (Knox), Co. Mayo (acquired through Mr. J. R. W. Goulden,Kilkenny College) ; a flint javelin-head of exceptional beauty from

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Camaderry (Seven Churches), Co. Wicklow (acquired through Mr.Micheal 0 Murchadha) ; a food-vessel and 2 scrapers from cist, con-taining cremation, at Carrowntober East, Co. Galway (excavated by theKeeper, in company with Prof. Seymour; Sgt. Ml. Masterson, GardaSiochana, gave valuable help on this occasion); a food vessel from cistwith cremation, from Bellanascaddan, Co. Donegal; a food-vesselfrom Ballyogan, Co. Sligo; a bronze trumpet which served as a con-tainer for a Late Bronze Age hoard (including amongst others one ofthe finest' sun flower-pins' ever found), discovered at Boolybrien,Co. Clare (acquired through Mr. J. N. A. WalIace, Limerick) ; bronzerapiers from Bert Demesne and from Kilberry, Co. Kildare; twobronze swords from Graigue, Co. Carlow; bronze swords from Bullaun,Co. Galway, Lea, Co. Leix, and BalIyhoe, Co. Meath; a decoratedbronze spear-head of quite exceptional beauty, from Carncastle, Larne,Co. Antrim; stone lamps from Coolboy, Co. Wicklow (acquired throughMr. J .. Bennett, Headmaster, The High School, Dublin) and fromCrone, Co. Wicklow; 16 Hiberno-Danish and 9 early Anglo-Irish silvercoins, probably two hoards, from Dunbrody, Co. Wexford (through thelate Dr. Goddard H. Orpen) ; 5 more Anglo-Saxon coins from thehoard mentioned in our 1927-28 Report (List of acquisitions, sub 4b),which it was since possible to locate (Kildare, not near Dublin); a silverpenannular brooch of late 7th century type, from Ballynaglogh, Co.Antrim; dress found in bog at Moy, Cranny, Co: Clare; and a goodcollection of ethnographical objects from the Aran Isles, Co. Galway,made on our behalf by Mr. Th. Mason, Dublin.

Amongst the additions made by the Royal Irish Academy the fol-lowing deserve special mention: a fine stone battle-axe from Teer-gonean, Co. Clare (acquired through S. 0 Duilearga, M.A.) ; a deco-rated bronze axe from Clonaslee, Co. Leix; 27 amber beads fromCarrowduff, Co. Clare; a silver penannular brooch from Drimnagh, Co.Roscommon, and two bronze penannular brooches from Inishbofinand from Grousehall in Co. Donegal; a gold ring from Crookstown, Co.Cork; six small gold rings, unlocalised. A gold armlet from the Ennisdistrict, Co. Clare, was acquired as Treasure Trove.

The complete list of all acquisitions is given in the appendix atpage 190.

Library.-The Division possesses now the nucleus of a library andthe number of periodicals coming in regularly has substantially in-creased. Over 300 books, pamphlets, etc., dealing with matters whichnow fall within the scope of the Division, have been transferred to itfrom the Art and Industrial Division. The Library received donationsfrom Mr. L. C. G. Clarke, Curator, University Museum of Archaeologyand Anthropology, Cambridge, England; Mr. Diarmuid Coffey,Dublin; Mr. T. Hallissy, Director of the Geological Survey, Dublin;Dr. Hamal-l\'andrin, Liege, Belgium; Miss M. C. Knowles, NationalMuseum, Dublin; Miss Lane Joynt, Dublin ;.Mr. H. G. Leask, Inspec-

73

tor of Ancient Monuments, O.P.W., Dublin; Miss E. Petersen, Copen-hagen ; Dr. R. Ll. Praeger, Dublin; Dr. R. F. Scharff, Dublin, and theKeeper; from the Royal Irish Academy; the Belfast Public Library;The Burlington Fine Arts Club, London; the German ArchaeologicalInstitute; Hamburg University, etc.

M aps.-A complete set of the Six-inch Ordnance Survey Map ofIreland has been acquired so that not only the results of the 1838survey are now within easy access (see Report 1929-30, p. 201), butalso the information embodied in the later surveys. The prodecure forrequisitioning maps has been so simplified that we can obtain them nowif required for field work, localisation and verification, etc., at shortestnotice.

Photographic Collect-ioll.-The valuable collection of prints andnegatives had for many years been almost neglected. It has now beenre-arranged and many additions to it have been obtained. Large setsof the archaeological and folk-life photographs in which l\Ir. Th. Mason,Dublin, and l\Ir. R. J. Welch, Belfast, excel, are now kept on ourshelves. The most valuable donations were 582 prints from negatives,taken by the late Dr. Fogarty, which were presented bv Mr. J. N. A.Wallace, Limerick, Other donors are :-Rev. John F. Bowen, CiC,;The Presbyter)", Monkstown, Dublin ; ~Ir. Sean Brophv, 29 PrimroseAvenue, Dublin; Mr. Diarmuid Coffey, Dublin; Mr. J. A. Coleman,Bailieborough, Co. Cavan; Seamus 0 Duilearga, lVI.A., Dublin; D.o Dubhghaill, 10 Gartan Avenue, Dublin; Rev. L. M. Hewson, Car-bury, Co. Kildare; Dr. R. A. S. Macalister, Dublin; Mr. John McCaffrey.Rosslare Strand, Co. Wexford; District Justice Liam Price, Dubiin,and the Keeper.

Other Activities during the Year.

Re-Arrangement, Cataloguing, etc.-The re-arrangement of the-exhibits was continued throughout the year. The large number ofobjects acquired in recent years for the Irish Folk Collection made anew arrangement imperative since these objects are as a rule biggerin size than an ordinary archaeological object. It was obvious, how-ever, from the outset that it would not be possible for the present toaim at a definite arrangement as there are still far too many gaps in thecollection. All the exhibits acquired in former years which had beenmostly stored in the basemen t have been em bodied in the collectionwhich now fills completely the long room devoted to it, and if the col-lection is ever to be representative it ought to grow to at least ten'times the present size. The existing museum building will not allowof such an increase. The re-arrangement is, therefore, only a preli-minary one and is based on principles which are to some extent re-flected by the sub-heads of the list of acquisitions in the Appendix.Large maps, showing the areas of spoken Gaelic, according to the 1911census and the Gaeltacht Commission Repot t, 1925, have been mounted

74

on stands and many excellent photographs have been contributed by.Mr. Th. Mason, who takes the keenest interest in this part of the col-lection.

A descriptive Catalogue of the traders' tokens in the collection hasbeen compiled by Prof. R. A. S. Macalister and has appeared in the:Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy (40 C2, 1931).

An old style loom from Mahanagh, Co. Galway, was presented by Dr.Costello (through" The Friends of the National Collections "), whosent also an expert hand-weaver, Mr. Pat. McLoughlin from Kilbannon,to Dublin, to re-erect it and to show the staff how to work it so that itmight be properly explained to visitors with the use of the 11ish namesfor all parts as obtained from the weaver.

Field Work.-Many excursions had to be under taken in connec-tion with the above-mentioned finds. In several cases the staff had toask help from friends of the Museum, owing to pressure of work, e.g.,a Dolmen at Drumhawnagh, Co. Cavan, was examined on our behalfby Mr. Th. Mason and District Justice L. Price, whilst Mr. Henry G.Tempest, Dundalk, examined a newly discovered souterrain at Irish'Grange, near Carling ford , Co. Louth. The information obtained fromthese and other sources is on file in the archaeological record indexwhich is constantly growing.

The National Monuments Act, 1930, which became law in the yearunder report, puts an end to illicit excavation, which was so frequentlydetrimental to scientific progress. The Keeper of Irish Antiquities isex officio one of the two joint secretaries of the National MonumentsAdvisory Council, and the Gardai report directly to the Keeper if theylearn about new finds.

Other Scientific Activi(y.--In connection with the Bicentenary ofthe Royal Dublin Society, a special exhibition was staged at Balls-bridge (as part of the Society's Temporary Museum), illustrating thehistory of Agriculture in Ireland. The many new objects acquired bythe Irish Folk Collection since 1927, enabled the Division to make afairly good show. The Division participated also in the WaterfordTrade and Industrial Exhibition. Two silver bowls of Persian origin,found at the Church of Taghmon, Co. Westmeath, were lent to theInternational Exhibition of Persian Art, held at the Royal Academyof Arts in London, January and February, 1931. Research on bogbutter was carried out by the British Museum Laboratory. The sameinstitution undertook to restore some of the very delicate new findsfrom Lambay Island (see supra, loans) and thanks are due to Dr. Scottand Dr. Plenderleith for their repeated assistance in such matters.The Keeper was elected National Secretary for Ireland on the Councilof the International Congress of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Sciences,the first meeting of which took place in London.

Other Educational Activity.-Guide lectures have been given toCollege classes in the Division and the collections were also visited by

75

the students of the Celtic Faculty, University College, Galway. TheBritish Institute of Architects and the Royal Archaeological Institute,London, held their summer meetings in Dublin, and the membersparticipating were officially conducted through the collections. TheKeeper lectured at an evening meeting of the latter Institute about theIrish Folk collections. He delivered, amongst other lectures, the twoMargaret Stokes Memorial Lectures, 1931, in Alexandra College,Dublin (" The Civilisation of Western Europe in the Megalithic orDolmen period.").

Visitors.--·The number of learned visitors from abroad, which formany years had been very small, has of recent years shown a satisfac-tory increase. In connection with the Summer Meeting of the RoyalArchaeological Institute, the Antiquities Collections were carefullystudied by Mr. A. W. Clapham, of the Royal Commission on AncientMonuments in Wales and Monmouthshire, Mr. T. D. Hendrick andMr. C. F. C. Hawkes, of the Department of British and Mediaeval Anti-quities, British Museum, Prof. A. Hamilton Thompson, Leeds, Dr.R. E. M. Wheeler, Director of the London Museum, and many otherexperts. Other foreign visitors were: Mr. Horace C. Beck, of Fittle-worth, the leading expert in the study of beads; Prof. Henri Focillon,of the Sorbonne ; Mr. G. W. Forbes, Prime Minister of New Zealand;Geheimrat Prof. Dr. Max Foerster of Munich; Dom Louis Gougaud thefamous author of "Les chretientes Celtiques " ; Mr. W. J. Hemp,Secretary of the Royal Commission on Ancient Monuments in 'Valesand Monmouthshire; Mlle. F. Henry, of the Musee des AntiquitesNationales at Saint-German-en-Laye (Paris) ; Mme. Ana B. de Lacroze,Buenos Aires; Colonel E. Moeller, Buffalo (who contributed afterwardsto our photographic collections); Dr. Rolf Nordhagen, Oslo; MissEllen F. O'Connor, Boston, (Mass.) ; Dr. H. O'Neill-Hencken and Prof.Warner of the Anthropological Museum, Harvard University; andVicomte de Saisy, Paris.

n.-ART AND INDUSTRIAL DIVISION.

During the year ended July 31st, 1931, the work of reorganisationof the Division has been proceeding satisfactorily. In September19:30, the sheeting, which had been removed from the walls of thegallery, was replaced by the Board of 'Works, and the iron workoriginally displayed there was again put up for exhibition. In Octoberthe Rotunda gallery containing the arms and armour collection,which was closed owing to part of the furniture, etc., for the officeshaving to be housed there, was cleared and the superfluous objectsremoved. During November and December the various objects in theIrish and English furniture room were affixed to the walls and theobjects in the cases were also rearranged. The various exhibits inthe Dutch and French Furniture room were affixed to the walls during

76

February. In June, 1931, certain silver objects, medals and two-models, the Schaffhausen Bridge and the S. S. Ulster, were lent. to·the Royal Dublin Society for their bi-centenary celebrations. Thetwo models were transferred on permanent loan to the Society.

Acquisitions.-The number of specimens purchased during the yearended July 31st, 1931, was ninety.

Loans.-The number of loans during the same period was eight,.comprising thirty items.

Donations.-The number of separate donations was fifty-eight,some gifts comprising a large number of items.

Loans to the School of Art.-··The number of objects lent during theyear was fifty-two.

Lantern Slides.-The number borrowed was four hundred and.thirty-six.

Excluding the Irish Silver Collection, there have not been verymany additions to the different sections of the Division.

A few items were added to the furniture collection, viz., a deskbelonging to Charles Lever, a rolled paper tea caddy made in 1798by Alicia Shearcs, daughter of Henry Sheares, and two FreedomCaskets presented to Charles Stewart Parnell by the cities of Dublinand Limerick. The only additions to the ceramic collections were two·Viennese porcelain mugs and a Staffordshire ware plate by Turner.A few items were added to the costume collection. The uniform wornby John Hogan, Irish Sculptor, when a member of the Virtuosi of thePantheon, was presented by his daughter the Reverend Sister M.Clement, and an early 19th century Irish cricket coat, with Jargegilt buttons bearing the harp and cricket bat and ball, was purchased ..

A few medals by John Woodhouse of Dublin were added to the coinand medal collections. No additions were made to the glass collection.The Irish silver collection received the greater number of additionsduring the year. These include a silver Freedom Box made in Corkby John Seymour in 1828, and presented by the City of Cork to MajorGeneral Sir Charles W. Doyle for his judicious conduct as commanderof the military at the election of Daniel O'Connell for Co. Clare in 1828..A silver salver made in Cork in 1777 by William Reynolds and pre-sented by the City of Cork to Thomas Browne, Burgess. In theCouncil Book of the Corporation of Cork under date March 14th, 1777,there is an entry that a piece of plate value thirty guineas be presentedto Thomas Browne, Burgess.

A silver chalice made in Dublin in 1641 by Williarn Gallant, in-scribed " This chalice was made by (?) George Russell of Rathmolin..Esq., and Mrs. Malie Taaffe his wife, Juni ano 1641." In the assaybooks of the year 1641 of the Dublin Goldsmiths' Company there is.an entry of Williarn Gallant having a chalice assayed.

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A silver pepper caster made in Kinsale about 1740.

A silver fish slice made in Dublin about 1750··60 by Andrew Goodwin.A silver coffee pot made in Cork about 1725 by William Newenham.

The outstanding addition to the Irish silver collection is a magni-ficent silver gilt monteith weighing over 95 ounces and made in Dublinin 1704 by Thomas Bolton.

A list of acquisitions is appended (page 199).

I1I.-NATURAL HISTORY DIVISION.The general zoological and botanical collections were availed of

by the usual number of visitors; the special collections were in regulardemand by students for consultation and study. Occasional visitorsand numbers of students were conducted to the geological andmineralogical collections. While many identifications of specimenswere made both officially and for Irish students, the collections werealso consulted from abroad for comparisons with type materials heldin the Division.

In endeavouring to extend the collections, special attention was paidto the entomological and mycological collections both of which also arein process of rearrangement.

As a result of explorations carried out by the Royal Irish Academyat Kesh, Co. Sligo, further additions of animal remains were made bytheir courtesy to the Irish Caves collections.

Two birds new to Ireland were added to the collection through thecourtesy of Professor C. J. Patten of Sheffield University, and Mr. C.Carrell of Fethard. The Irish Giant Deer remains were enriched bythe kindness of Dr. Henry Stokes in presenting a set of the rare tonguebones.

In preparation for the bi-centenary celebrations of the RoyalDublin Society, and during their progress, the staff co-operated in thearrangement and display of exhibits, some of which were lent fromthe Division for the purpose, in illustration of Natural History workof Irish historical interest.

A list of acquisitions is appended (page 201.)

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CHAPTER VIII.

NATIONAL LIBRARY OF IRELAND.During the period August Ist, 1930, to July 31st, 1931, the Library

was open to the public on 302 days, having been closed, in additionto the public holidays, for 12 days, to permit of the annual cleaningand re-arrangement. The number of readers during the year, asrecorded by the Signature Book, amounted to 59,283, made up asfollows: Ordinary days, 10 a.m. to 5 p.m., 31,378; 5 p.m. to 10 p.m.,25,456; Saturdays, 10 a.m. to 1 p.m., 2,449-that is, an average of 225for ordinary days, and 49 for Saturdays. The average attendance onordinary days marked a slight increase on that of the previous year.

The year's accessions amounted to 11,913, of which 1,696 werereceived under the Industrial and Commercial Property (Protection)Act.

In the Cataloguing Department, further progress has been made inovertaking the arrears of past years. In addition to the currentaccessions, all the Irish pamphlets, numbering upwards of 1,500,acquired during the past ten years have been catalogued.

In the absence of an authoritative publishers' catalogue of WOl ksissued in the Irish Free State, it was felt that an annual list of all suchpublications, including books, pamphlets, periodicals, newspapers,official publications, music, maps, etc., received by the Library underthe Copyright Act, would to a great extent fulfil this purpose and serveat the same time as a guide to works bearing on the Irish Free State andits various activities. The first issue, which has been made retros-pective, is entitled: "A List of publications deposited under the termsof the Industrial and Commercial Property (Protection) Act . . .from August Ist, 1927, to December 31st, 1929." It has been issuedand put on sale by the Stationery Office.

The vacancy caused by the resignation of Mr. Gerard Murphy, M.A.,Assistant Librarian, was filled by the appointment of Mr. LouisRoche, M.A. (N.U.I.), Docteur-es-Lettres of the University of Poitiers.

In connection with the Vergil Bi-rnillenary celebrations throughoutthe world in the month of October, an Exhibition was arranged of theearliest extant, and a few of the more notable medieval, MSS. from theFacsimile collections in the Library. The Exhibition remained openfor three weeks, the only one of its kind in Ireland, and attractedmanyjvisitors, as a result of the appreciative notices in the public press.

Th~ most notable event in the Library year-indeed, in the history ofthe Library for many years-was the acquisition of the Irish manus-cripts forming part of the Phillipps Collection preserved at ThirlestaineHouse, Cheltenham. The existence of these manuscripts was known toscholars for some time mainly through D'Arbois de Jubainville'swell-known Essai d'un Catalogue, but he had not seen the collection,

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and his knowledge was derived from Hardy's printed catalogue ofthe Library, which registered only fifty-six MSS. Though a few ofthe texts had been subsequently printed or utilised, the extent of thecollection, numbering 178 volumes, of which 14 are on vellum of the14th, 15th and 16th centuries, remained unknown until it was examinedon behalf of the Trustees, and of the Irish MSS. Commission, in themonth of November last, by the Librarian and Dr. Robin Flower,Deputy Keeper of MSS. in the British Museum. As a result of theirreport, and on the recommendation of the Trustees, the collectionwas purchased for the National Library. Since the dispersal of theAshburnham or Stowe MSS. in 1883 this may be regarded as the lastof the great collections that has remained in private hands; and itcovers five centuries. Many private collections have gone to itsmaking among them those of Charles Vallancey, Sir William Betham,Adam Clarke, Monck Mason, Edward O'Reilly, Lord Moira (aft.Earl of Hastings), Rev. J. H. Todd and the O'Longan family. It isvery representative, and far exceeding expectations, containingmanuscripts of prime importance whose existence was unsuspected.Foremost among them, No. 8214, a fragment of the Yellow Book ofLecan preserved in Trinity College, containing complete recensionsof three texts which had hitherto been transmitted only imperfectly;Nos. 7021 and 7022 of the mid-14th century by Adam 0 Cianain,containing a complete copy of the Metrical glossary edited by WhitleyStokes from a fragment preserved in the British Museum, togetherwith what must be the oldest copy of the important Irish Grammaticaltract, and a recension of the law tract' C6ic Conara Fuigill '; No. 9748.containing, along with older Saga material, a poem in 37 stanzas byOrthanach ua Caellarna Cuirrich (9th cent.), imperfect in the Bk. ofLeinster and Rawl. B. 502; No. 10297 a superb Medical MS. containingtwo unique law tracts, the Bretha Cr6lige and the Bretha Dein Checht,the latter unfortunately imperfect; No. 10403, another beautifulmedical manuscript. Of the vellum manuscripts already known toscholars may be mentioned Nos. 9194, 9195, containing the life of St.Fechin of Fore, and unpublished Annals from 1120-1436; No. 10266,containing the Calendar of Oengus, and other important religioustracts. Of the paper manuscripts, particular interest attaches toNo. 17082, in the hand of Cucogry O'Clery, one of the Four Masters,containing transcripts of early Middle-Irish poems, also No. 279,Book of Oghams, partly in his handwriting; No. 17079, a fine copyof the Contention of the Bards made in 1676; No. 17086, a collectionof poems by Sean and Tadhg 0 Neachtain, written by the latter1739-47; No. 10275, the oldest copy extant of Keating's Eochair-sgiath an Aifrinn or Defence of the Mass, made by Sean 0 Maoilchonairein 1657; Nos. 15613 and 10283, copies of the same author's Historyof Ireland by the well-known poets Eoghan 0 Caoimh (1694) and Sean6 Tuama (1759). In addition to the MSS. there are two copies of the

1

80

-exceedingly rare and precious Irish glossary compiled by Michael-O'Clery, chief of the Four Masters, and published at Louvain in 1643,both enriched with MS. additions by Charles O'Conor of Belanagare.and by Edward O'Reilly the lexicographer.

The Library also acquired by purchase the collection of over 2,000letters forming the correspondence of Charles Lennox, 4th Duke ofRichmond and Gordon (1764-1819) while Viceroy of Ireland,1807-1813.These documents are of great importance for the history of the adminis-tration of Ireland during that period, many of them being. marked" private and confidential." The greater part is composed of lettersreceived by the Duke, with often a precis of their contents in his ownhand on the outside. They include the Duke of Wellington (185letters, mostly holograph), Canning, Robert Peel, Daniel O'Connell,W. W. Pole, Robert Dundas, Lord Manners, Earl Bathurst, Castle-reagh, Rt. Hon. Spencer Perceval, The Duke of York, Lieut-Col.Lennox, Lord Hawkesbury, etc. There are also copies either in hisown handwriting or that of his secretaries, of letters sent by him to hiscorrespondents. Among the papers is the original of the instructionsissued to him on his appointment bearing the sign manual of George Ill.The matters treated concern mainly the government of Ireland duringRichmond's tenure of office as Viceroy. Among the topics mentionedin the letters are the expected apoleonic invasion of Ireland, andTalleyrand's intrigues with the Irish leaders, the grant to Maynooth

·College, nominations to Church benefices and to the representativepeerage, the activities of the Catholic Committee, the constructionof a harbour and pier at Howth for the English packet, Peel's proposededucation scheme for Ireland (1813) condemned by the Catholicbishops as providing " abominable deistical schools," an application'by the Lord Mayor of Dublin for permission to appear at the bar ofthe House of Commons to protest against Catholic appointments,Peel's challenge to a duel issued to O'Connell upon the publication of a

·newspaper libel on him, Canning's duel with Castlereagh, the King'sillness and the Regency, the scandals caused by the Duke of York's

.Iiaison with Mrs. Clarke, Wellington's victories in the Peninsular War,Perceval's assassination, etc. Among the secret documents may

"be mentioned a memorandum of dismissals from offices in the Irish·administration with the names of the proposed successors to the posts,;and a dossier, marked" private and very confidential," headed Notes·as to Irish Catholics, 1806, setting forth the degree of influence possessedby the different classes among the Catholics-nobility, country gentle-men, merchants, traders, respectable farmers, barristers, physicians,and clergy-with the individual dossier of the more important per-sonages in the Catholic party, defining their attitude towards the·Government and their influence with their party and at publicmeetings.

Another valuable acquisition, presented by Mr. Dermod O'Brien,

SI

P.R.H.A., was the Smith-O'Brien Papers, a collection of upwards.0£2,000 papers of William Smith O'Brien, M.P. (1803-1864), com-prising his diary when in Van Diemeri's Land and correspondence,including a number of autograph letters of John Mitchel, ThomasDavis, Michael Doheny, Thomas D'Arcy McGee, Daniel O'Connell,James Stephens, Sir Charles Gavan Duffy, John Blake Dillon, ThomasFrancis Meagher, John O'Donovan, Aubrey de Vere, Sir SamuelFerguson, Archbishop MaclIale, Martin Doyle, and other prominentparticipators in the "Young Ireland ~Iovement" of 1848, alsobroadsides, proclamation", newscuttings, and addresses presented toO'Brien by public bodies in Ireland and Australia.

Gifts have been received from many public Departments, includingthe British Museum, South Kensington Museum, H. M. StationeryOffice, also public institutions, learned societies, and individuals.

Many rare books and MSS. were acquired both by purchase anddonation. A list of the more notable will be found in Appendix IX,page 205.

CHAPTER IX ..

REFORMATORY AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS.Full statistical information with regard to the Schools is given under

Appendix VII, pages 185-9, to which may be added the followingobservations : --

Nurnbers.-The total number of children under detention on July.31, 1931, was 6,806, as compared with 6,787 on July 31, 1930. Thusthe tendency to more numerous detentions noted during recent yearsstill continues, notwithstanding the fact that the committals fell from1,019 in 1929-30 to 965 in 1930-31. Of these latter, 24 were committedto Reformatories and 941 to Industrial Schools, as against 23 and 996,respectively, in the previous year. The most common grounds of com-mittal to Industrial Schools are "Begging," "Wandering," (bothunder the Act of 1908), and" Destitute," under the Act of 1929, andthe following percentages of committals under the three headings aresignificant as confirming the inference drawn in last report on thegeneral effect of the 1929 Act :-

Year

37%43%

" Begging " " Wandering" "Destitute".-------- --._-----,------- --_._----

21%9°/',09%

60%37%30%

1928-291929-301930-31

*

* Act of 1929 not operative in 1928-29.G

82

It will thus be seen that although the Act of 1929 opens an additionalportal of admission to Industrial Schools, it may be held to have littleeffect on the total number of committals. It is noted with satisfactionthat committals under the School Attendance Act show a gradualdecrease, the percentages for the past three years being 7, 6, and 5. Onecould wish, however, that the number were even smaller, and thatevery effort to bring home to parents their responsibility in the mattershould precede the final resort of committal.

Literary Education.-Excluding the Junior Boys' Schools the pupilsof which are of tender years, it may be said that the average standardattained in the schools is the Sixth, although many reach the Seventh,and one (a girls' school) even the Eighth. Judging by the latestreports, the results obtained in the vast majority of the schools aresatisfactory. Three, however, leave something to be desired, and twoof these are among the schools most active in the industrial trainingof the children. This circumstance seems to confirm the opinion ex-pressed in the Report for 1929-30, viz., "In some of the schools,perhaps, these claims" (that is the claims of industrial training)"receive too generous recogni.ion which might be curtailed in theinterests of other phases of the School life, including the literaryinstruction." .

Industrial Training.--Industrial Training has been conducted suc-cessfully during the year, the main subjects being Boot-making,Farming, Tailoring, and (for girls) Housewifery, while other itemsincluded were Bread-making, Mechanics, Net-making, Painting,Poultry-keeping, Weaving, Wood-work, in its various forms, etc.Notwithstanding the proficiency attained by many of the pupils, how-ever, Managers report that it is becoming increasingly difficult toplace the children in their respective occupations, always exceptingFarming and Domestic Service, in both of which employment is invari-ably available.

Health.-On a total roll of 6,806 children, 18 deaths occurred duringthe year, that is 2.6 per thousand, which shows a gratifying decreaseon the 3.8 of the previous year. During the winter months many ofthe schools were visited by epidemics of Mumps, Influenza and Measles,while several cases of Diphtheria were reported from one school, theManager of which, recognising the gravity of the situation, had all hischarges immunised. It would be well if other Managers were to followthis example which, to put it on the lowest grounds, is a good insurancepolicy for future protection. Isolated cases of Tuberculosis and SkinDisease, in their various forms, Pneumonia, Appendicitis, and Tra-choma called for treatment which was regularly supplied, and inextern hospitals where necessary. In this connection mention shouldbe made of the well equipped infirmaries which form a pleasing featureof the majority of the Schools.

The disposal of children pronounced unfit for industrial training; as

83

the result of mental or physical disability, is an ever-present problem.The resources of charitable institutions, where suitable ones exist, arelimited; the parents or guardians are often too poor to accept respon-sibility for the children; so that in some cases the County Home ispresented as the only alternative to continued detention in the schools.The former course is considered undesirable in the interests of theafflicted children, while the latter, in the majority of cases, would bescarcely fair to the Managers.

Attention is again drawn to the practice of committing very youngboys to Senior Boys' Schools when Junior Boys' Schools are available.On all grounds the latter are much more suitable for children of tenderyears, and it is considered that, as a rule, eight years of age is the lowestat which boys should be sent to Senior Schools.

Buildings.-Managers are for the most part keenly alive to the im-portance of providing suitable buildings, and tribute should be paidto their public spirited action in not hesitating to expend large sumson additions and improvements to school premises. In one of theSenior Boys' Schools a new Infirmary, which is a model of simplicityand convenience, has been supplied, in a second new baths have beeninstalled, while in two others steps have been taken to improve theclass-room accommodation and the drainage system-all at consider-able expense. Further, much painting and decorating have beencarried out in many of the schools. On the other hand, however, it isto be noted that in one Boys' School infirmary accommodation is prac-tically non-existent; in two it is below the average standard; and intwo instances the recreation halls are dull and dreary places.

Discipliue.-There has been one case of a committal of a boy to aReformatory for escaping from an Industrial School, but otherwisethe general observance of the rules has been satisfactory. Some in-stances have been reported of interference with managerial authorityduring the period of supervision and Managers have been encouragedto take steps to secure that such authority shall not be flouted withimpunity.

Credit for the generally satisfactory state of affairs disclosed in theforegoing observations can be claimed by the Managers who, ablyassisted by their Staffs, have been uniformly zealous in promoting thewelfare of the children committed to their charge.

f4

CHAPTER X.

ENDOWED SCHOOLS.1. The number of endowments directly controlled by the Minister

for Education is still fifteen, which includes nineteen separate funds asfollow:-The five Local Boards of Education (Free State portion ofUlster Royal School Endowments) ; the Preston, Navan, Endowment,and the Athlone Private School Endowment (Scheme No. SS) ; TheCarysfort Endowment (Scheme No. 85) ; the Banagher Royal SchoolEndowment and the Diocesan School Endowments of Meath andArdagh ; Tuam, Killala and Achonry, and Leighlin and Ossory (SchemeNo. 90) ; the Leamy Endowment (Scheme No. 95) ; the Preston En-dowment, Leix (Scheme No. 111) ; the Banks Endowment (Scheme No.128); the Viscount Limerick Endowment (Scheme No. 143); theParsons Persse Endowment (Scheme No. 180) ; the Limerick DiocesanSchool Endowment; and the Preston Scholarship Fund.

During the year 1930-31 the number of schools having claims toshare in these funds was twenty-nine, of which eighteen were Second-ary, and eleven Primary; and in addition, pupils of sixty-eight Sec-ondary Schools were entitled to compete for Scholarships offered underScheme No. 90 mentioned above. In connection with the LimerickDiocesan School Endowment, the trusts of which failed many years ago,the matter has been before the Court at the instance of the Attorney-General, and an Order has been made for the sale of the Roxboro' Road(Limerick) School Buildings. The necessary proceedings are beingtaken by the Attorney-General's Solicitor.

The income and expenditure of the nineteen funds referred to above,for the calendar year 1930, are set out hereunder and are certified byan Auditor of the Department of Local Government and Public Healthunder date March 5, 1931 :-

I.-T"CO~\IE. 1930.

Rents Dividends IMiscellaneous Sales Credit Bal·ances, Total

Jan. 1. 1930------ ----- -----

£ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d.170 14 4 3.251 17 8 267 3 811.100 0 0 1.899 15 2 6.689 10 10

II.-ExPENDITURE. 1930.

Educational I CreditRent. Annuities Purposes Invest- Balances, Total

Rates. etc. ments Dec. 31.1930£ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. s s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d.

111 12 3 56 13 4 1.1?R 4 10 1.447 8 9 1.945 11 8 6.6R9 10 10

Free State Second National Loan 5 Per Cent Stock,1950-60

Bank of Ireland StockVarious Railway StocksDublin Port and Docks Board 5 Per Cent. Stock ..Agricultural Credit Corporation 5 Per Cent. Bonds

(First Series) 1,410 0 0Dublin Corporation 5 Per Cent. Stock, 1950-70 1,518 13 0

The reports on the Schools sharing in the above endowments makeon the whole pleasant reading, subject to the qualification that oneschool failed to " qualify" under Scheme No. 34 (The Ulster RoyalSchool Endowments). In connection with such failure the Ministersanctioned the exercise of the limited dispensing power provided forunder the Amending Scheme of July 28, 1926.

2. The number of Schemes, the endowments of which are directlyadministered by Local Governing Bodies is now ninety as comparedwith ninety-one in the previous year. The reduction is accounted forby the fact that by an Amending Scheme dated October 15, 1930,Scheme No. 207 (Presbytery of Athlone) was amalgamated withScheme No. 64 (Presbytery of Dublin).

It may be said that the supervision of these Schemes worked satis-factorily during the year except that (a) two Governing Bodies failedto make their annual reports and (b) several Secretaries were veryslow in returning the Forms issued for the use of the Inspectors. Itis to be remembered, however, that the local officials concerned areHonorary Officers. The returns and reports received show that theincomes of the various endowments dealt with are being applied inaccordance with their respective Schemes, that with rare exceptionsthe efficiency of the Schools is not criticised, that the buildings arefor the most part suitable, and that the essential provisions of theSchemes are being duly observed.

£32,976 4 93,294 16 4

22,308 0 02,318 13 11

85

On September 30, 1930, the sum of £100 Great Southern RailwaysSeven Per Cent. Debenture Stock was redeemed at par, and similarlyon November 1, 1930, the sum of £1,000 Compensation Five Per Cent.Stock was redeemed. In addition, unexpended income amounting to£347 8s. 9d. was available for investment, and the total of £1,447 8s. 9d.was applied to the purchase of £1 .LlO Agricultural Credit CorporationFive Per Cent. Bonds (First Series). Further, on the advice of theBranch's Stockbrokers, instructions were issued in December, 1930,for the sale of £35,532 17s. 4d. Free State National Loan Five Per Cent.Stock, 1935-45, and for the re-investment of the proceeds, as faras possible, in the Free State Second National Loan Five Per Cent.Stock, 1950-60. Those instructions were being carried out at theclose of the year, and when the transaction had been completed ill

February, 1931, the Securities held by the Minister on behalf of theBranch were :-

No. of Schemes, No. of Schools, Branch of Annual Incom1930-31 1930-31 Education 1930

54 322 Primary .. £12,93211 20 Secondary .. 13,86723 13 Technical and 12,196

Special.2 103 Primary and 1,567

Secondary.--.------- ..-

IT01AL 90 .. 458 - £40,562

c

86

*Tlle following table gives particulars of the number of Schemesdealt with, the number of Schools connected therewith under thevarious Branches of Education, and the annual income of theEndowments :-

. *The table does not include the nine Schemes (mentioned at page 84)the endowments of which are directly administered by the 'Minister,except that portion of Scheme '0. 55 (Parochial Schools, Diocese ofMeath, etc.) which deals with endowments vested in the Loc;u, Govern-ing Body.

87

CHAPTER XI.

COISTE NA LEABHAR.Do cuireadh Coiste na Leabhar ar bun san mbilain 1926, chun

scribhinni Gaedhilge do leigheamh agus do leir-mheas, agus comhairledo thabhairt do Roinn an Oideachais i dtaobh na scribhinni a bheadhoiriunach le foillsiii. Agus fairis sin chun aith-fhoillsiu do dheanamhar leabharaibh maithe tascmhara ata as clo.

Is maith an rud e bheith le radh gm mar an bhreis ata tagtha aruimhir na leabhar Gaedhilge, idir theics-leabhair agus leabhair leigh-theoireachta, de bharr saothair an Choiste. Ta teics-Ieabhair arAireamh, ar Ailgeabar, ar Cheimseatain, ar Stair agus ar Thireolasna hEireann. ar Stair na hEorpa, ar Fhuaghail, agus ar Laidin, foillsithefe sceim na Roinne cheana fein, Agus tathar ag ullmhu teics-leabharar Fhisice, agus a thuille Ieabhar ar Stair na h Eireann agus na hEorpa,leabhair ar theagasc creidimh agus eagrain scoile de theics-leabhraibhLaidne agus Greigise.

Tathar ag dul ar aghaidh go seasmhach le leabhraibh Gaedhilgeseachas na teics-leabhair. Foillsigheann an Roinn dha shaghasleabhar da leiteidi sin:

(1) Leabhair a meastar a bheith oiriunach do scolairi Meadhon=Scol; agus

(2) Gnath-litridheacht Ghaedhilge, idir bun-cheapadoireacht agusaistriu, i gcomhair na ndaoine i gcoitchinne.

Ta 43 Ieabhar, idir theics-Ieabhair agns uile, foillsithe cheana doMheadhon-Scoileannaibh : agus ta 59 leabhar (ar a bhfuil 23 d'aist-riuchain) ar faghail ag an bpobal.

I lathair na huaire sea ta roinnt mhiath leabhar a bheidh oiriunachdo ghnath-leightheoireacht, mar ata : Gearr-scealta, Aisti, Dramai,Filidheacht, Finnscealta bunaidh, agus Aistriu a fhinnscealtaibh idteangthaibh eile, -jrl., triid da n-ullmhu, agus nuair bheidh faisneisna haithbhliana da scriobhadh is cinnte go mbeidh meadu mar aruimhir 11aleabhar bhfoillsithe le cur sa tuairisc.

Ta 389 scribhinni i mbun-cheapadoii eacht breithnithe ag an gCoiste6 cuireadh ar bun c ; agus do chuir an Roinn timcheall dha cheadleabhar da n-aistriu ar ch6mhairle an Choiste. Bhi cuid mhaithdes 11ascribhinni neamh-oiriunach agus b'eigean iad do chur ar aischun na n-ughclar; agus is coir a radh, mar chruthu ar mhor-shaotharan Choiste, nar diultuigheadh d'aon scribhinn agus nar glacadh le haonscribhinn gan beirt ar a laighead, de ch6mhdhaltai an Choiste daleigheamh ; agus gur leigh triur no ceathrai cuid mhaith aca sul artngadh breith art ha.

88

Do chuir an Coiste ar bun tri iomaidheachta i n-aistriu go Gaedhilg ;agus do bronnadh duaiseanna ar na haistriuchain a b'fhearr; agusbhi se de thoradh ar na hiomaidheachtaibh sin go raibh se ar gcumasdon Choiste tuille leabhar do chur da n-aistriii go hiornlan.

D'fhonn agus go spreagfai scribhneoir i chun breis bun-cheapadoir-eachta do dheanarnh sa Ghaedhilg do bhronn an Roinn, sa bhliain1930, dha dhuais £150 an ceann ar all da fhinnsceal a b'fhearr dartairgeadh doibh taobh istigh de l(~ airithe. Foillseochar an dei.fhinri-sceal san i rribliana.

O's ceann de chuspoiri na Roinne scribhneoiri do spreagadh chunsaothair seachas scealaidheacht, do cuireadh amach Iogra tamall 6-shin go mbronnfai ar scribhneoiri suimeanna airgid, 0 £150 go £250, arleabhr aibh maithe 8.r adhbhar aibh toghtha a bhain le Stair agus leBeath-fhaisneis, A thoradh san gur fostuigheadh ughdair airithe,agus ma's ionghlactha a saothar foillseochar c.

Rud eile ta deanta fen Sceim : a iarraidh ar scribhneoiri Gaedhilgecomh-oibriu leis an Roinn chun leabhair bheaga a bheadh oiriunachdo leanbhai oga do chur ar fagbail. Iocfar as na leabhrain sin, lescribhneoiri toghtha, do reir rata ItlOS aoirde ·na mar ioctar as naleabhraibh cile. Foillsigheadh Irisleabhar bliantuil Nodlag i gcomhairleanbhal, freisin, agus ta diol maith air go dti seo.

Is maith le is an Roinn gur feidir a radh go bhfuil rneadu ag teacht in-aghaidh an lae ar an uimhir leightheoir i a luadhadh anuiridh-niarnhain ins na seoileannaibh aeh i measc na nclaoine i gcoitchinne.Dioladh breis agus 70,000 coib de sna leabhraibh a foillsigheadh fenSceirn. Is mar an bhreis ata ag teacht ar uimhir na leabhar Gaedhilgea leightear in sna scoileanna, 3gUS go mor mor in sna Meadhon-Scoil-eanna. Is feidir le muinteoiri moran do dheanarnh chun suim nascolairi do mhuscailt i leightheoireacht na Gaeclhilgc, agus ta a lanaca' ei.dheanarnh san. Ta suil againn, da bhrigh sin, go gcuirtidh nascolairi sin speis mhor j litridheacht na Gaeclhilge nuair bheidh a gcuidscolaidheachta thart. Cuirfidh an obair sea ata ar siubhal ag Roinn anOideachais=-le cab hair agus le c6mhairle Coiste an Fhoillsiuchain-s-maille le aithbheodhchaint agus meadu roinnt irisleabhar i nGaedhilg(fe Sceim eile ata ag an Rialtas), cuirfidh se oiread d'adhbhar leigh-theoireachta ar faghail agus bheidh ag teastail on bpobal.

Is cuibhe tagairt do dheanamh annso clon obair ata 'a dheanamhag an gCoiste tearmaidheachta do chuir an Roinn ar bun. Ta dhaleabhran foillsithe cheana ag an gCoiste 'na bhfuil aistriu deanta goGaedhilg ar thearmai teicniceacha a bhaineann le (1) Stair agusTireolaidheacht : (2) Grarnadach agus Litridheacht. Ta suil againngo bhfoillseochar ar ball tuille leabhar den tsort ceadna, 'na mbeidhtcru maf eolaidhcachta, trachtala, ceoil, dli, a dochtuireachta , 1r1.

PART 1I.-APPENDICES.

Totalexpen-

Percentage ditureAverage of average from Public

No of No. of daily daily Funds Average LengthSchools pupils attend- attendance including cost No. of Teachers' Salaries of

ervice or on ance of pupils cost of per teachers SchoolColleges Rolls of to No. of Adm inis- pupil. '''leek

pupils pupils on tration,Rolls Inspection

and Ex-amina.tion"

--~.-._---- ---- ------- ---- ----- -~---- --~---- ---"- .~--.---------------.- ---(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) U) (g) (Il) (i)

MEN :~- 20 hourr (a) On ( Normal Scale: £170-£370 to 25 hrRoils, I p.a. Supernormal, £460 p.a.

t ~ £7.2313,6521

max. (Subject to 10% cut)... .. 5,378 502,:l93 416,723 82.9 £3,633,885 (b\ In

, AVerage

1\VOMEN :-

attend- Normal Scale: £155-£300lance p.a. Supernormal £360 p.a.

£8.72 ( max. (Subject to 10% cut.)Average Salaries; £306 p.a.

Ig Colleges under 5 763 - - £60,465 £79.2 .- ~ indoor (mainly women).nagement. I £434 p.a. outdoor (mainly

( men.)Scales (exclusive of board and

I Residence) for PreparatoryI Colleges:

1Principals-Men, £350-15-.£440 ; Wom.en, £320-10

tory Colleges, j -£400.s, Examinations, 7 576§ - -- £33,31:-"1; - Vice-Principals: Men, £300

I -10-£310 - 15 - £400;

l Women, £250 - 10 - £300.Professors: Men, £240- 10-£250 - 12 - £310 - 15-£400 ; Women, £220-10-£300.

s

I.-PRIMARY

1. Schools

2. (a) TraininPrivate ma

/'"(b) Prepara

Pupil Teacher

APPENDIX 1.sAORSTAT EIREANN GENERAL EDUCATION STATISTICS.

ss

<Do

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i)Registered and Recognised 27 hrs.

Teachers :-II.-SECONDARY:

I. Schools 294 : 7,645 86.4 £368,292 £13 6s. 2,551(Grants 7s.6d. 5d. :\1en (indoor), £150-360 p.a.paid on Women (indoor), £140-260 p.a.23,878) :\1en (outdoor), £200-410 p.a.

Women (outdoor) £180-300 p.a.--------------- ,---- --------

III.-Pos'r-PRIMARY OTHERTHANSECONDARY:

1. Established TechnicalSchools 77 29,649

2. Technical classes elsewherethan in EstablishedTechnical Schools 1,168 34,957

.3. Schools of Art 3624. Training Schools of

Domestic Economy 3 795. Day Trarlos Preparatory

Schools 10 488

IV.-l. Reformatory Schools ..

3. Industrial Schools

") ") ")

lMen,I I II State I

1,£120 p.a. (Minimum) approx.

IFunds

l£4

I £300 p.a. (Maximum) 20 to 30

~ 1,070Women, £50 p.a. (Minimum) hrs. per

~ £226,336 10 11 ~ £190 p.a. (Maximum) week for

I i I I 40 weeks <DRates I I

1(exclusive of honus). .....

I I II 71,634 I I Ij J j j

130 £3,838

52 6,776 £203,433

• In the total expenditure are included the cost of Administration for each Branch and the relevant proportion of Departmental Head-quarters' Charges. .

t Average number of pupils on Rolls for the year ended 30th June, 1931. c: Includes only amounts borne on Vote for Primary Education.§ Number of pupils in Preparatory Colleges.

92

APPENDIX 11.

PRIMARY SCHOOLS.

No. OF SCHOOLSIN OPERATIOKON THE 30TH JUNE, 1931 = 5,378.1. The majority of these Schools have been built from State Grants and local

contributions in the proportion of £2 State Grant to £1 raised locally, a StateGrant in excess of two-thirds being given in necessitous districts. State Grants

./ were made as follows :-Amount actually paid during the financial year 1930-31 £ s. d.

and the charge falling on the Vote for the Office of PublicWorks 113,189 6

Total Grants made for the building and reconstruction ofSchools during the financial year 1930-31. These liabilitieswhen they fall due will become a charge on the Vote forthe Office of Public Works 139,997 9 9

HEATING AND CLEANING OF SCHOOLS.2. State Grants, Ordinary Schools

Local Grants (estimated)16,517 6 335,000 0 0

The beating and cleaning of Model Schools are provided for on a differentbasis from State sources-partly by the Office of Public Works and partlyby the Department of Education.

PUPILS.3. Total Number of Pupils on Rolls on 30th June, 1931

Average No. of Pupils on Rolls for the year ended on 30th June, 1931Average daily attendance of all Pupils for the year ended on 30th

June, 1931Percentage of average daily attendance to average No. on Rolls

509,396502,393

416,72382.9

The Religious Denominations of the Pupils on Rolls on 30th June, 1931, werereturned as follows:-

CatholicChurch of IrelandPresbyterian ..MethodistOther Denominations

No. of Pupils486,676

17,0723,940

852856

Percentage95.53.3.8.2

NUMBER OF TEACHERS EMPLOYED.4. The numbers of Primary Teachers employed on tbe 30th June, 1931 were

approximately as follows :-

Principal Teachers"Assistant TeacbersJnnior Assistant Mistresses

MEN2,879

977

\VOMEN2,1053,2911,857

TOTAL4,9844,2681,857

.• Tbere were, on 30th June, 1931, a few vacancies for Principal Teachers.

93

Members of Religious Orders of Monks or Nuns whoare members of the minimum recognised staffrequired· by the Regulations in Monastery orConvent Schools paid by Capitation

Lay Assistant Teachers who are ::\Iembers of theminimum recognised staff required by the Regula-tions in Monastery or Convent Schools paid byCapitation

271 1,612 1883

210 450 660

TOTALS 4,337 9,315 13,652

There were also in the Service on 30th June, 1931, 5 Work mistresses and 2Industrial Teachers.

The foregoing figures have reference to the normal staffs of the schools requiredto warrant the payment of grants. In addition to these teachers, members ofthe Community and Supernumerary Lay Assistants are in many cases employedin Convent and Monastery National Schools to supplement the staffs requiredby the Regulations, but grants are not allowed by the Department in respectof such teachers.

NORMAL AND SUPERNORMAL SCALES.5. The numbers of principal, assistant, and lay assistant teachers in the service

on 30th June, 1931, receiving the normal and supernormal scales of salarieswere as follows :-

l\1E)! WOMEl' TOTALNormal Scale 2,982 4,240 7,222Supernormal Scale 1,084 1,606 2,690

TOTAL 4,066 5,846 9,912

NEW TEACHERS AND TEACHERS RE-APPOINTED TO THE SERVICE.6. The number of persons appointed for the first time as principal, assistant

• or iay assistant teachers during the year ended 30th June, 1931, was as follows :-?I'1EN Wovn:x TOTAL

136 155 291In addition, 23 men and 19 women who had been out of the service on 30th

June, 1930, were re-appointed as principal, assistant, or lay assistant teachersduring the year.

TEACHERS WHO DIED, RETIRED ON PENSION OR RESIGNED THESERVICE.

7. During the year ended 30th June, 1931, 157 principal or assistant teachersretired on pension, and 185 principal, assistant, or lay assistant teachers diedor resigned the service, (Lay assistant teachers are not eligible for the award ofpension-},

SCALES OF SALARIES OF TEACHERS.

(These scales a.re subject to a reduction of 10 per cent. since 1st November. 1923.

8. (1) Schools with an average attendance of 30 or more Pupils:The normal scale for men principal teachers (trained) is £170, rising by six-

teen annual increments of £12 and one of £8 to £370. If highly efficient theythen enter a supernormal scale and proceed by five annual increment to maximas,varying with the average attendance of pupils, from £415 to £460.)

94

The normal scale for women principal teachers (trained) is £155, rising byfourteen annual increments of £10 and one of £5 to £300. If highly efficient theythen proceed by five annual increments to maxima varying from £330 to £360.Trained assistant teachers, men and women, have respectively the same normalscales as principal teachers, but their maxima in the supernormal scale are £415and £330 respectively.

(2) Schools with an average of 20-29 Pupils:The normal scale is £155, rising by fourteen annual increments of £10 and

one of £5 to a maximum salary of £300. If highly efficient they are then eligiblefor five annual increments in the supernormal scale, making the maximumsalary £320.

(3) Schools with an average of 10-19 Pupils:Scale £155 by £10 to £255.

(4) Special Increments:Teachers while passing through the normal scale are eligible to receive, in

addition to the ordinary increments of the scale, special increments of £12 formen and £10 for women for highly efficient service. These increments are grantedafter three very favourable annual reports, which need not be consecutive, butwhich must be received within a period of five years.

(5) Untrained Teachers:The scale for untrained women teachers IS £130 by annual increments of

£5 to £155.

(6) Special Qualifications:Teachers with special qualifications, and satisfying the regulations as to

efficiency, etc., are granted annual bonuses as follows :-

(a) Teachers who have completed a three years' course of training orhave obtained a Teaching Diploma by attendance at Universitylectures-c-Bf O for men and £8 for women.

(b) Graduates of a University and teachers holding the Higher Certificateof the Department-£20 for men and £16 for women.

(c) Teachers holding the Higher Diploma-£30 for men and £24 for women.

(d) Infant School Teachers with the Higher Froebel Certificate-£8.

(7) Capitation Grants:PRINCIPALS of Schools with an average annual attendance of thirty pupils or

over receive an annual capitation grant of 10s. for each pupil in average attend-ance between the ages of 3-15 up to a limit of 120 pupils, and capitation at therate of 5s. per pupil between the ages of 3-15 on each unit in excess of 120.

VICE-PRINCIPALS may be recognised in schools with an average attendanceof 160 and receive a capitation grant of 5s. for each pupil between the agesof 3-15 in excess of 120 up to a limit of 280.

A SECOND VICE-PRINCIPAL may be recognised in a school of 320 pupils andreceive a capitation grant of Ss. for each pupil between the ages of 3-15 in excessof 280 up to a limit of 440.

95

SCHOOL-HOUSES AND TEACHERS' RESIDENCES.9. On the 30th June, 1931,

as follows :.-Ordinary SchoolsConventMonasteryPoor Law UnionModelFosterage School]

there were 5,378 schools in operation, made up

4,881346120

1"29>

r

TOTAL 5,378*

The number of schools in operation on 30th' June, 1930, was 5,401. There-was, accordingly, a decrease of 23 in the number of schools in operation duringthe year ended 30th June, 1931. The difference was made up as follows :-Duringthe year ended on the 30th June, 1931, 37 new schools were brought into opera-tion (of which 34 were vested in Trustees, 2 were vested in the National Educa-tion Commissioners, and 1 was non-vested). As against this, 60 schools werediscontinued, due principally to the amalgamation of adjoining boys' and girls'schools.

In addition to the schools in operation on 30th June, 1931,84 schools to whichbuilding grants had been made (mainly new schools to replace defective schools)were not completely built, and 30 other schools were, for various reasons, regardedas inoperative.

VESTING OF SCHOOLS.10. Of the schools in operation on 30th June, 1931, about 2,905 were vested

schools, 2,462 vested in Trustees and 443 in Commissioners; the remainder,2,473, were non-vested.

The non-vested schools include school-houses erected from funds locally pro-vided, or, in a few instances, from loans available under the Act of 1884, 47 & 48Vic., cap. 22, and schools formerly vested, the leases of which have expired.

BUILDING GRANTS.11.. The erection and improvement of vested school premises are carried out

under the direction of the Office of Public Works,12. The grants made during the year ended 31st March, 1931, were appor-

tioned as follows :-

ERECTIOK OF NEW VESTED SCHOOLHOUSES.

Number of Schoolhouses 36Number of pupils for which the new Schoolhouses

will afford accommodation.. .. 5,087Amount of Grant £86,211 12 O·

(This amount includes supplemental grants towards the building of vestedschoolhouses in 17 cases which were sanctioned in previous years).

t Viz., Scoil na Leanbh, An Rinn, a residential school for children between7 and 14 years of age.

* Included in the schools in operation on 30th June, 1931, were six schoolsaided for Invalid, Blind, Deaf and Dumb or Crippled Children, viz., the Ortho-paedic Hospital N.S. (Dublin), St. Joseph's Cripples' Home Convent N.S.,Coole (Westmeath), St. Joseph's Blind Asylum Boys' N.S. (Dublin), St. Mary'sBlind Asylum Convent Girls' N.S. (Dublin), St. Mary's (Orthopaedic Hospital)Convent N.S., Finglas (Dublin), and St. j oseph's Deaf Mutes N.S., Cabra,(Dublin). .

96ENLARGEMENT, ETC., OF EXISTING VESTED SCHOOLHOUSES.

Number of Schoolhouses :!lNumber of pupils for which additional accom-

modation will be provided.. 1,169Amount of Grant .. £25.322 5 5

'OTHER IMPROVEME:-;TS TO EXISTlKG VESTED SCHOOLHOUSES.

Number of Schoolhouses 225Amount of Grant.. £28,463 12 4

TOTAL GRANTS £139,997 9 9

In thirty-six cases of the erection and enlargement of school-houses, grants.araourrting in the aggregate to £14,409 9s. 9d. in excess of the normal grantswere made, as the schools are in needy and congested districts. Similarly insixty improvement cases, grants in excess of the normal were sanctioned to theamount of £2,205 14s. 6d.

In seven cases where the erection of the new school-houses has been postponed,grants amounting to £261 17s. 7d. were made, with the sanction of the Ministerfor Finance, as an exceptional concession to meet a special emergency towardsworks necessary to render the existing school-houses serviceable for some timelonger. The sum is included in the amount of the grants made towards im-proving existing vested schools.

13. The instalments paid by the Office of Public \Vorks on account of grantsfor the building and improvement of schools amounted, in the year ended 31stMarch, 1931, to £113,IR9 Is. 6d.

14. The number of school-houses, the erection of which was completed duringthe period 1st July, 1930, to 30th June, 1931, was 26. The cost of these buildingswas £90,041 15s. 3d. There were 35 new school-houses in course of erection on30th June, 1931.

15. The Department did not approve during the year of any application tothe Office of Public 'Works for a loan for enlarging or otherwise improvingan existing non-vested school-house.

No loan to provide a teachers' residence, or to improve an existing residence,was approved of in the year.

TEACHERS' RESIDENCES.According to the returns received from the managers, there were teachers'

residences connected with about 1,500 ordinary schools; of these 1,037 wereprovided by grants or loans horn State Funds.

LOCAL AID TO TEACHING STAFFS.]6. The local aid to the salaries of the teaching staffs amounted to about

£3,049 16s. 5d., during the year ended 30th June, 1931.

SCHOOL FEES.17. In about 14 schools, other than model schools, fees for instruction inside

school hours were charged to pupils over 3 and under 15 years of age during theyear ended 30th June, 1931, and all other schools were free to such pupils.

H

97

18. The following is a general summary of the operative, building, and in-

operative schools, on 30th June, 1930, and 30th June, 1931 ;-

Operative Schools InoperativeArea Schools Building* Schools

--- --- ---1930 1931 1930 1931 1930 1931

- --- --- ---COUNTY BOROUGHS(Cities)

Dublin · . .. · . 168 215 1 - - -Cork .. · . · . 37 37 - - - -Limerick .. · . 22 22 - 1 - -Waterford · . · . 12 12 1 - - -

COUNTIES

Cavan .. · . .. 228 228 - - - -Donegal .. · . · . 397 395 Jl 9 6 5Monaghan · . · . 163 162 1 - 1 --Clare .. · . · . 215 213 5 5 1 I

Cork .. · . · . 561 557 7 9 2 2Kerry .. .. · . 314 314 9 11 3 ,2Limerick · . · . 210 209 4 5 - 1Tipperary · . · . 275 273 5 6 3 4

Waterford · . · . 108 108 3 - - ---Carlow · . · . .. 64 64 2 2 2 2Dublin · . .. · . 167 122 3 1 - -Kildare .. .. · . 97 97 5 - - -

Kilkenny .. · . .. 155 153 10 4 - -Leix .. .. · . 102 103 - - 2 ILongford .. .. · . 83 83 - - - -Louth · . · . · . 95 95 _. - -_. -

Meath · . · . · . 139 139 I 3 - -Offaly .. · . · . 112 112 1 1 - -Westmeath · . · . 121 121 4 4 - -Wexford .. .. .. 158 157 5 3 3 3

Wicklow · . · . · . 120 118 3 2 - IGalway · . .. · . 374 372 5 2 1 2Leitrim .. .. · . 163 16'2 4 5 1 IMayo .. .. . . 378 377 9 6 1 I

Roscommon .. .. 194 191 5 4 1 ISligo .. .. . . 169 167 1 1 3 3

- --- --- --- ---Totals .. .. 5,401 5,378 105 84 30 30

* In most cases these schools, when built, will supersede schools now operative.

98

19. The following table shows for the last ten years-oral the number ofnational schools in operation, (b) the average number of pupils on the rolls,(C) the average daily attendance, and (d) the percentage of the latter to theaverage number on the rolls:-·

PercentageAverage of average

Number of number of Average DailyYear Schools pupils daily Attendance

in on Attendance to Averageoperation Rolls Number on

Rolls(a) (b) (c) (d)

1921 5,746 497,761 364,863 73.3

1922 5,696 495,836 356,115 71.8

1923 5,684 497,146 369,401 74.3

1924 5,636 493,382 362,588 73.5

1925-26 5,648 518,002 399,281 * 77.0

1926-27 5,641 518,355 413,159t 79.7

1927-28 5,555 512,333 423,974 82.7

1928-29 5,447 507,840 419,780 82.6

1929-30 5,401 504,427 420,941 83.4

1930-31 5,378 502,393 416,723 82.9

* N.B.-The increases in the average number of pupils on rolls and in theaverage attendance for 1925-6 are largely due to the taking into connection ofthe Schools conducted by the Christian Brothers.

t School Attendance Act came into operation in whole of Saorstat Eireannfrom Ist j anuarv 1927.

99

20. CLASSIFICATION,according to Average Daily Attendance for School Yearended 30th June, 1931, of the National Schools in operation in Saorsta tEireann on 30th June, 1931.

Number of Schools Convent andAverage daily (other than Monastery Total Number

Attendance, Convent and Schools of Schoolsyear ended Monastery Schools paid by

30th June, 1931 paid by Capitation) Capitation--

Under 10 · . 32 - 3210-19 .. 311 - 31120-29 · . 305 1 30630-34 · . 261 2 263

35-39 · . 323 - 32340-49 · . 904 4 90850-54 · . 522 2 524

55-59 · . 426 6 43260-69 · . 638 12 65070-79 · . 380 10 390

80-89 · . 242 13 25590-94 · . 116 6 12295-99 · . 97 6 103

100-109 · . 98 13 111nO-119 · . 50 17 67J20-129 · . 46 14 60

130-139 · . 30 14 44140-149 · . 37 14 51150-159 · . 20 12 32

160-199 .. 51 49 100200-239 .. 32 36 68240-299 · . 32 38 70

300-359 · . 14 25 39.360-399 · . 10 19 29400 and above · . 12 76 88

Totals 4,989 389 5,378

21. RETURN showing for each County, and the County Boroughs of Cork, Dublin, Limerick, and 'Waterford the Number of National Schools inoperation, the Total Number of Pupils on Rolls, and the Religious Denominations of Pupils on Rolls on the 30th June, 1931.

I Total Number of Pupils on RollsNo. on 30th June, 1931. Religious Denominations of Pupils on Rolls

COUNTY of ----Schools Church of Presby-

Boys Girls Total Catholic Ireland terian Methodist Others Total

Cavan · . .. 228 7,088 7,037 14,125 12 123 1,569 337 64 32 14,125

Donegal ., .. 395 13,116 12,811 25,927 22,026 1,899 1,760 204 38 25,927

Monaghan " " 162 5,854 5,857 11,711 9,583 886 1,184 31 27 11,711

Clare .. .. .. 213 8,221 8.177 16,398 16,328 65 4 - 1 16,398 .....

Cork City .. .. 37 7,343 7,348 14,691 14,160 447 19 18 47 14,691 8

Cork County .. .. 557 23,388 23,138 46,526 45.120 1,296 18 61 31 46,526

Kerry .. .. 314 14,503 14,498 29,001 28,785 205 7 3 1 29,001

Limerick City " · . 22 3,642 3,923 7,565 7,459 85 5 4 12 7,565

Limerick County .. 209 9,147 8,834 17,981 17,831 117 2 24 7 17,981

Tipperary .. · . 273 12,079 11,699 23,778 23,343 374 5 21 35 23,778

Waterford City .. 12 2,236 2,633 4,869 4,794 60 8 3 4 4,869

Waterford County .. 108 4,328 4,548 8,876 8,778 86 3 8 1 8,876

Carlow .. · . 64 3,043 2,785 5,828 5,442 379. 4 I 2 5,828

.", ~- I

\Dublin City 215 33,683 32,996 66,679 62,459 3,316 220 198 486 66,679.. ..Dublin County .. 122 6,560 6,564 13,124 12,330 733 30 11 20 13,124..Kildare 97 4,766 4,623 9,389 9,037 321 11 9 11 9,389· . ..

I12,878 12,599 255 8 3 13 12,878

Kilkenny · . .. 153 6,564 6,314

Laoighise 103 4,004 4,044 8,048 7,498 517 5 16 12 8,048· . ..Longford 83 3,316 3,313 6,629 6,348 228 24 27 2 6,629.. ..Louth 95 5,782 5,526 11,308 10,997 217 74 12 8 11,308.. ..

Meath 139 5,243 5,258 10,501 10,240 247 9 - 5 10,501· . ..Offaly 112 4,621 4,828 9,449 8,975 -t27 20 20 7 9,449.. .....

02 7 9,535

.....Westmeath .. .. 121 4,820 4,715 9,535 9.179 337 10

Wexford 157 7,603 7,731 15,334 14,798 502 17 14 3 15,334.. ..

Wicklow 118 4,724 4,453 9,177 8,148 946 32 33 18 9,177· . ..

Galway 372 15,732 15,747 31,479 31,236 223 17 3 - 31,479.. ..Leitrim 162 4,906 4,969 9,875 9.283 542 13 33 4 9,875.. ..Mayo 377 15,827 16,068 31,895 31,668 179 39 5 4 31,895.. ..Roscommon 191 7,180 7,641 14,821 14,692 110 18 I - 14,821.. ..Sligo 167 5,949 6,050 11,999 11,417 504 37 23 18 11,999.. ..

Totals 5,378 255,268 254,128 509,396 486,676 17,072 3,940 852 I 856 509,396.. ..

22. RETURN showing for the year ended 30th June 1931, (a) the average number of pupils over 6 and under 14 years of age on Rolls, (b) theaverage daily attendance of such pupils, (c) the percentage of average attendance of such pupils to average number on Rolls, (d) theaverage daily attendance of pupils over 14 years, for each County and County Borough.

Pupils over 6 and under 14 yearsPupils over 14 years- --

(c) Percentage(a) Average number on Rolls (b) Average daily attendance of average (d) Average daily attendance

attendanceCOUNTY ----- to averageBoys Girls Total Boys Girls Total No. on Rolls Boys Girls TotalCavan · . .. 6,149 5,953 12,102 5,055 4,919 9,974 82.4 213 290 503Donegal .. .. 11,458 10,901 22,359 9,466 9,049 18,515 82.8 483 569 1,052Monaghan · . · . 4,862 4,725 9,587 3,999 3,977 7,976 83. I 170 299 469Clare · . · . 6,929 6,585 13,514 5,783 5,509 11,292 83.5 322 489 811Cork City .. · . 5,745 5,742 11,487 4,965 4,938 9,903 86.2 183 469 652Cork County · . 19,394 18,698 38,092 16,402 15,918 32,J20 84.8 1,266 1,610 2,876Kerry · . · . 12,035 11,363 23,398 10,005 9,671 19,676 84.0 819 1,177 1,996Limerick City · . 2,851 2,827 5,678 2,414 2,477 4,891 86.1 119 251 370Limerick County

" 7,643 7,240 14,883 6,433 6,083 12,516 84.0 457 541 998Tipperary ..

" 9,957 9,085 19,042 8,402 7,668 16,070 84.3 438 725 1,163Waterford City .. 1,732 1,913 3,645 1,537 1,653 3,190 87.5 145 209 354Waterford County .. 3,497 3,644 7,141 2,913 3,027 5,940 83.1 116 176 292

85.1 H5 \27 2\22,594 2,314 4,908 2,210 1,970 4,180Carlow

47,826 86.1 1,074 1,017 2,09127,824 27,661 55,485 24,281 23,545Dublin City

85.6 170 265 43510,782 4,676 4,555 9,231Dublin County 5,472 5,310

83.5 148 217 3654,134 3,910 8,044 3,443 3,275 6,718Kildare

84.8 240 396 6365,325 4,990 10,315 4,540 4,211 8,751Kilkenny

5,606 82.9 150 227 3773,473 3,288 6,761 2,918 2,688Laoighise

96 149 2455,635 2,294 2,241 4,535 80.4Longford 2,876 2,759

204 245 4499,226 4,088 3,869 7,957 86.2Louth 4,810 4,416

84.2 145 286 4318,789 3,745 3,659 7,404Meath 4,466 4,323

85.5 169 286 4553,854 3,930 7,784 3,248 3,408, 6,656 -Offaly

0149 238 387 ~3,374 6,798 85.7Westmeath 3,988 3,944 7,932 3,424

84.7 248 385 6336,426 6,355 12,781 5,491 5,342 10,833Wexford

81.9 185 206 3914,110 3,866 7,976 3,371 3,163 6,534Wicklow

83.3 608 988 1,59613,190 12,551 25,741 10,986 10,462 21,448Galway

192 343 5353,256 3,412 6,668 81.7Leitrim 4,049 4,106 8,155

22,591 82.8 589 956 1,54513,851 13,415 27,266 11,462 1l,129Mayo

310 505 8159,722 81.15,951 6,031 1l,982 4,782 4,940Roscommon

373 58882.4 2155,010 4,811 9,821 4,097 4,001 8,098Sligo

9,708 14,014 23,722----

179,686 174,133 353,819 84.1Totals .. .. 213,655 206,656 420,311

104

23. RETURN showing, for the Year ended on the 30th June, 1931, the average Numberof Pupils on Rolls, the average Daily Attendance of all Pupils, and the Percentagesof average daily Attendance of all Pupils to average Number on Rolls for eachCounty and County Borough.

Average Number of Pupils Average Daily Attendance Percentageon the Rolls of all Pupils of average

attendance

COUNTY ----. ---- to averageNo. on

Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Rolls

Cavan · . 7,042 6,882 13,924 5,700 5,624 11,324 81.3

Donegal · . 13,121 12,683 25,804 10,657 10,349 21,006 81.4

Monaghan · . 5,716 5,748 11,464 4,609 4,679 9,288 81.0

Clare .. .. 8,096 8,036 16,132 6,615 6,574 13,189 81.7

Cork City · . 7,226 7,314 14,540 6,249 6,081 12,330 84.8

Cork County .. 22,989 22,744 45,733 19,286 19,049 38,335 83.8

Kerry · . 14,302 14,267 28,569 11,711 11,865 23,576 82.5

Limerick City · . 3,511 3,874 7,385 2,977 3,196 6,173 83.5

Limerick County 8,926 8,635 17,561 7,391 7,250 14,641 83.3

Tipperary · . 11,803 11,480 23,283 9,834 9,584 19,418 83.3

Waterford City 2,151 2,599 4,750 1,875 2,180 4,055 85.3

'Waterford Co ... 4,220 4,399 8,619 3,463 3,614 7,077 82.1

Carlow · . 2,936 2,703 5,639 2,483 2,291 4,774 84.6

Dublin City · . 33,491 33,207 66,698 28,824 28,189 57,013 85.4

Dublin County 6,522 6,481 13,003 5,472 5,388 10,860 83.5

Kildare · . 4,697 4,606 9,303 3,898 3,831 7,729 83.0

Kilkenny · . 6,397 6,185 12,582 5,319 5,136 10,455 83.0

Laoighise .. 3,922 3,936 7,858 3,225 3,234 6,459 82.1

Longford · . 3,270 3,254 6,524 2,603 2,586 5,189 79.5Louth .. 5,664 5,456 11,120 4,759 4,571 9,330 83.9

Meath · . 5,118 5,170 10,288 4,199 4,287 8,486 82.4

Offaly .. 4,507 4,669 9,176 3,804 3,971 7,775 84.7

Westmeath .. 4,668 4,637 9,305 3,942 3,898 7,840 84.2

Wexford .. 7,399 7,560 14,959 6,234 6,363 12,597 84.2

'Wicklow .. 4,732 4,428 9,160 3,815 3,625 7,440 81.2

Galway .. 15,499 15,376 30,875 12,632 12,677 25,309 81.9

Leitrim .. 4,970 4,936 9,906 3,911 3,926 7,837 79.1

Mayo .. 15,880 15,872 31,752 13,132 12,816 25,948 81.7

Roscommon .. 7,093 7,476 14,569 5,575 6,070 11,645 79.9

Sligo · . 5,929 5,983 11,912 4,662 4,963 9,625 80.8

1502,393----

Totals .. 251,797 250,596 208,856 207,867 416,723 82.9

I

24.-NUMBER OF PUPILS ON ROLLS ON 30TH JUNE, 1931, ARRANGED ACCORDING TO STANDARDS.

Infants First Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh EighthCOUNTY Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Totals

---------- . ._--- ----- ----- ----- ------ ----- ----- ------ '----Cavan · . · . 4,075 1,771 1,822 1,99R 1,741 1,522 878 285 33 14,125Donegal · . · . 7,366 3,679 3,467 3,5S5 3,200 2,403 1,443 631 153 25,927Monaghan · . · . 3,384 1,592 1,459 1,530 1,359 1,201 841 272 73 11,711Clare · . .. 4,393 2,142 2,051 2,144 2.015 1,866 1,166 527 94 16,398Cork City , . · . 4,565 1,939 1,884 1,764 1:706 1,412 880 336 205 14,691Cork County .. .. 12,206 5,838 5,705 5,883 5,889 5,329 3,5RO 1,578 518 46,526Kerry · . · . 7,699 3,638 3,411 3,780 3,585 3,122 2,2i 1 1,106 449 29,001Limerick City · . 2,719 1,104 886 944 824 560 380 121 27 7,565Limerick County · . 5,064 2,460 2,229 2,284 2,084 1,902 1,209 586 163 17,981Tipperary · . · . 7,188 3,231 3,091 3,030 2,838 2,341 1,391 579 89 23,778Waterford City ., 1,459 753 670 624 553 409 249 86 66 4,869Waterford County .. 2,644 1,'241 1,157 1,156 1,069 884 538 163 24 8,876Carlow · . · . 1,668 870 811 798 682 518 335 128 18 5,828Dublin City · . .. 21,783 9,825 9,214 8,621 7,581 5,734 3,003 752 166 66,679Dublin County .. 4,284 2,094 1,737 1,648 1,484 1,079 582 172 44 13,124Kildare .. · . 2,664 1,377 1,273 1,327 1,122 888 529 166 43 9,389Kilkenny .. · . 3,686 1,623 1,712 1,656 1,542 1,348 840 329 142 12,878Laoighise · . · . 2,229 1,239 1,011 1,109 940 839 456 191 34 8,048Longford · . .. 1,994 899 866 887 801 607 414 143 18 6,629Louth · . .. 3,278 1,578 1,548 1,457 1,338 1,132 679 244 54 11,308Meath · . " 2,919 1,329 1,453 1,361 1,269 1,133 73,5 235 67 10,501Offaly · . · . 2,728 1,365 1,282 1,250 1,063 909 546 235 71 9,449Westmeath · . " 2,848 1,351 1,280 1,272 1,092 932 490 232 38 9,535Wexford · . · . 4,404 2,259 2,179 2,207 1,853 1,361 762 274 35 15,334Wicklow · . · . 2,766 1,426 1,258 1,234 1,034 845 425 162 27 9,177Galway · . · . 8,953 4,138 4,195 4,234 3,943 3,155 2,006 716 139 31,479Leitrim · . · . 2,612 1,277 1.223 1,349 1,239 1,081 726 305 63 9,875Mayo · . .. 8,584 4,377 4,439 4,337 4,081 3,207 1,982 723 165 31,895Roscommon · . · . 4,240 1,864 1,827 1,939 1,854 1,580 1,057 369 91 14,821Sligo · . · . 3,232 1,569 1,537 1,412 1,486 1,343 875 414 131 11,999

,----, ---- ----Total~ .. 147,634 69,848 66,677 66,820 61,267 50,642 31,208 12,060 3,240 509,396

25. NUMBER OF PUPILS PROMOTED TO THIS STANDARD ON 1sT JULY, 1930, OR DURING THE SCHOOL YEAR ENDED 30TH JUNE, 1931.-

To First To Second To Third To Fourth To Fifth To Sixth To Seventh To EighthCOUNTY Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Total

-----Cavan · . .. · . 1,567 1,588 1,675 1,703 1,502 1,143 507 99 9,784Donegal · . · . · . 3,093 3,137 3,175 3,143 2,632 1,810 995 337 18,322Monaghan · . · . · . 1,428 1,349 1,337 1,332 1,186 974 471 123 R,200Clare · . · . · . 1,784 1,817 1,825 1,853 1,735 1,405 843 281 11,543Cork City · . · . · . 1,741 1,915 1,622 1,537 1,363 1,079 500 330 10,087Cork County · . · . .. 5,095 5,205 5,187 5,480 5,023 4,140 2,351 918 33,399Keny .. · . · . 3,205 3,128 3,406 3,466 3,153 2,696 1,806 709 21,569Limerick City · . · . .. 891 819 830 751 593 432 162 Sf! 4,536Limerick County · . · . 2,111 2,016 2,064 1,983 1,839 1,394 866 270 12,543Tipperary · . · . · . 3,135 2,743 2,650 2,557 2,331 1,717 862 274 16,269Waterford City · , , . 776 646 526 548 439 331 150 94 3,510Waterford County · . · . 1,093 1,144 1,045 994 927 678 317 RO 6,278Carlow · , · . · . 752 719 681 697 ,547 424 225 42 4,087Dublin City · . · . · . 8,637 8,856 7,737 7,296 6,136 4,003 1,542 592 44,799Dublin County .. · . · . 1,709 1,645 1,482 1,441 1,132 792 355 121 8,677Kildare · . · . · . 1,153 1,233 1,176 1,071 985 649 363 92 6,722Kilkenny · . · . · . 1,372 1,506 1,439 1,453 1,309 960 578 168 8,785Laoighise · . · . · . 946 954 957 858 817 581 281 86 5,480Longford · . · . · . 804 777 820 744 648 474 289 67 4,623Louth · . .. · . 1,370 1,484 1,299 1,305 1,170 843 392 100 7,963Meath · . · . · . 1,278 1,204 1,261 1,199 1,169 875 486 lR3 7,655Offaly · . · . -. 1,163 1,137 1,123 1,014 928 679 381 184 6,609Westmeath · . · . · . 1,161 1,135 1,129 1,054 946 631 373 91 6,520Wexford · . · . · . 2,066 2,029 2,010 1,811 1,500 1,046 4R2 90 11,034Wicklow · . · . · . 1,051 1,165 1,132 1,065 936 652 309 94 6,404Galway · . · . · . 3,555 3,523 3,666 3,609 3,266 2,366 1,229 330 21,544Leitrim · . · . · . 1,071 1,083 1,150 1,190 1,061 933 452 164 7,104Mayo · . · . · . 3,827 3,978 3,909 3,928 3,511 2,501 1,288 324 23,266Roscommon .- · . · . 1,613 1.523 1,733 1,6R5 1,661 1,263 640 199 10,317Sligo · . · . .. 1,393 1,439 1,285 1,395 1,362 1,009 633 254 8,770

---- ----- ----- ----- -----. -----Totals .. .. · . 60,840 60,897 59,331 58,162 51,807 38.480 20,128 6,754 356,399

•....oQ)

Over 3 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years R years .3years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 yearsCOUNTY but but but but but but but but but but but but Total 15 years Total

under under under under under under under under under under under under and4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years above"--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

Cavan .. · . 48 260 509 732 836 764 817 742 812 662 542 278 7,002 86 7,088Donegal · . 128 425 904 1,250 1,365 1,452 1,524 1,492 1,458 1,332 1.088 510 12,928 188 13,116Monaghan .. 69 260 441 623 638 644 678 648 602 540 418 213 5,774 80 5,854Clare " · . 64 268 580 814 888 893 913 918 918 788 696 344 8,084 137 8,221Cork City · . 153 405 594 765 820 884 781 823 825 591 413 206 7,260 83 7,343Cork County · . 250 785 1,586 2,187 z.:~3E 2,384 2,465 2,677 2,554 2,403 1,895 1,263 22,784 604 23,388Kerry · . 182 46i1 869 1,379 1,372 1,462 1,486 1,619 1,642 1,437 1,285 792 14,094 409 14,503Limerick City · . 98 228 325 378 415 348 367 435 360 300 201 137 3,592 50 3,642Limerick County 85 266 554 951 991 1,013 954 996 1,040 897 714 431 8,892 255 9,141Tipperary · . 168 450 884 1,234 1.349 1,298 1,349 1,347 1,316 1,113 864 499 11,871 208 12,07flWaterford City 93 138 180 160 219 261 259 238 237 182 143 82 2,192 44 2,236Waterford County 97 227 352 432 451 485 469 499 424 413 287 137 4,273 55 4,328Carlow. , · . 18 83 184 307 364 419 319 371 318 277 225 135 3,020 23 3,043Dublin City · . 418 1,492 2,982 3,582 3,724 3,678 3,7.')9 3,750 3,778 2,884 2,297 1,073 33,417 266 33,683

Dublin County · . 101 271 521 757 788 790 744 696 677 564 404 190 6,503 57 6,560Kildare · . 71 149 319 479 497 540 567 563 563 472 331 155 4,706 60 4,766Kilkenny · . 151 310 495 664 623 680 683 758 733 626 512 232 6,467 97 6,564Laoighise · . 62 151 288 395 434 412 457 473 416 428 289 152 3,957 47 4,004Longford · . 50 123 228 305 362 396 357 395 358 321 261 122 3,278 38 3,316

Louth .. · . 71 257 473 614 616 624 632 630 625 553 386 214 5,695 87 5,782

Meath .. · . 68 179 358 498 590 572 585 634 540 534 421 210 5,189 54 5,243

Offaly .. · . 44 163 329 493 491 540 519 526 498 436 338 174 4,5.51 70 4,621

Westmeath · . 51 176 412 536 560 547 530 518 524 415 356 149 4,774 46 4,820

"Wexford · . 140 287 440 757 856 791 816 872 895 838 575 278 7,545 58 7,603

Wicklow · . 27 112 277 447 581 613 461 595 .559 437 372 182 4,663 61 4,724

Galway · . 225 547 1,156 1,714 1,729 1,680 1,702 1,761 1,639 1,492 1,164 663 15,472 260 15,732

Leiti im .. 49 207 339 444 456 518 523 603 520 505 384 240 4,788 118 4,906

Mayo · . 179 464 1,040 1,625 1,697 1,681 1,890 1,817 1,766 1,587 1,256 597 15,599 228 15,827

Roscommon · . 98 31G 612 754 791 744 849 815 703 673 456 2G8 7,079 101 7,11<0

Sligo .. · . 106 250 446 628 596 606 652 647 665 565 445 243 5,849 100 5,949

"--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ----Totals · . 3,364 9,718 18,777 2.'5,904 27,434 27,719 28,107 28,858 27,965 24,265 19,018 10,169 251,298 3,970 255,268

26.-TABLE SHOWING THE AGES AND SEX OF PUPILS ON THE ROLLS OX THE 30TH JUNE, 1931.Boys.

Over 3 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years II years 12 years 13 yearSl14 yearsCOUNTY but but but but but but ~t ~t ~t ~t ~t ~t Total IS years Totalunder under under under under under under under under under under under and4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years above------- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---Cavan .. · . 75 231 503 687 778 758 777 777 738 708 558 321 6,911 126 7,037Donegal · . 138 436 885 1,251 1,380 1,374 1,455 1,432 1,342 1,272 1,025 534 12,524 287 12,811Monaghan · . 82 238 419 608 615 619 631 649 560 562 427 255 5,665 192 5,857Clare .. · . 94 305 632 804 808 810 867 857 820 796 653 428 7,874 303 8,177Cork City · . 135 317 507 699 856 750 705 757 785 691 514 374 7,090 2,58 7,348Cork County · . 279 764 1,590 2,160 2,265 2,286 2,387 2,548 2,474 2,278 1,852 1,328 22,211 927 23,138Kerry · . 217 525 1,048 1,323 1,453 1,456 1,467 1,449 1,405 1,393 1,186 845 13,767 731 14,498Limerick City · . 167 280 318 437 334 351 371 363 372 301 277 176 3,747 176 3,923Limerick County 83 266 616 882 956 954 945 907 900 843 680 419 8,451 383 8,834Tipperary · . 232 552 880 1,075 1,209 1,220 1,238 1,220 1,161 1,043 871 564 11,265 434 11,699Waterford City 94 184 245 226 253 267 246 255 236 188 174 124 2,492 141 2,633Waterford County 130 206 375 414 468 412 507 482 515 399 352 191 4,451 97 4,548Carlow · . 33 101 195 282 325 325 289 318 291 258 194 113 2,724 61 2,785Dublin City · . 404 1,504 2,948 3,523 3,740 3,726 3,834 3,567 3,433 2,859 2,185 890 32,613 383 32,996Dublin County .. 136 284 465 635 796 748 767 712 693 547 409 251 6,443 121 6,564Kildare · . 60 137 285 495 548 478 501 506 535 460 308 198 4,511 112 4,623Kilkenny · . 152 286 449 606 629 630 676 692 650 566 458 305 6,099 215 6,314Laoighise · . 65 139 272 429 404 443 404 452 409 369 337 213 3,936 108 4,044Longford · . 62 140 236 322 365 361 346 371 350 324 247 125 3,249 64 3,313Louth .. · . 70 231 418 569 609 642 628 600 571 485 358 203 5,384 142 5,526Meath .. · . 81 190 339 474 534 536 570 568 565 541 438 298 5,134 124 5,258Offaly .. · . 59 164 299 463 551 490 522 559 524 451 349 237 4,668 160 4,828Westmeath · . 79 164 349 463 570 539 496 496 463 462 348 178 4,607 108 4,715Wexford · . 128 284 483 834 784 832 866 855 806 713 600 367 7,552 179 7,731Wicklow · . 27 116 265 424 482 482 518 524 535 432 366 193 4,364 89 4,453Galway .. 271 638 1,149 1,564 1,587 1,612 1,648 1,672 1,584 1,396 1,248 827 15,196 551 15,747Leitrim · . 63 214 350 468 495 492 469 544 500 492 422 298 4,807 162 4,969Mayo .. · . 260 589 1,143 1,540 1,698 1,627 1,702 1,792 1,640 1,491 1,282 835 15,599 469 16,068Roscommon · . 117 339 621 753 720 768 763 815 761 709 556 408 7,330 311 7,641Sligo .. · . 99 279 451 631 580 608 626 647 575 565 445 322 5,828 222 6,050---- --- --- --- --- --- ._-- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---Totals · . 3,892 10,103 18,735 25,041 26,792 26,596 27,221 27,386 26,193 23,594 19,119 11,820 246,492 7,636 254, 12~

26.-TABLE SHOWING THE AGES AND SEX OF PUPILS ON THE ROLLS ON THE 30TH JUNE, 1931-conlinued.GIRLS.

109

27. RETURN, showing the number of pupils,aged 14 years or over, wholeft school during the year ended the 30th June, 1931, and theStandards in which such pupils were enrolledon date of leaving.

Fifth SeventhStandard Sixth Standard

COUNTY or under Standard or over Total

--- --- --- --- --- ---Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls

--- --- --- --- --- ---

Cavan .. · . 282 206 261 248 188 237 1,422Donegal · . .. 690 484 394 363 434 502 2,867Monaghan .. · . 188 121 172 188 124 233 1,026Clare ., .. 215 173 265 213 295 416 1,577

Cork City .. 66I

119 123 161 126 266 861Cork County .. 538 352 601 568 848 1,096 4,003Kerry · . .. 356 223 430 367 641 856 2,873Limerick City · . 43 78 61 74 29 104 389

Limerick County · . 230 171 236 245 353 355 1,590Tipperary .. · . 319 235 296 328 268 584 2,030Waterford City · . 50 53 31 44 23 77 278Waterford County 102 83 105 139 93 161 683

Carlow .. · . 63 62 62 83 68 109 447Dublin City .. 648 632 575 617 461 978 3,911Dublin County · . 143 142 164 162 125 169 905Kildare · . .. 119 120 119 112 96 192 758

Kilkenny .. · . 154 102 172 170 197 254 1,049Laoighise .. .. 120 95 108 89 102 160 674Longford · . .. 112 78 75 103 99 144 611Louth .. · . 123 108 124 114 141 201 811

Meath .. .. 145 88 139 136 165 224 897Offaly .. .. 147 96 113 114 131 194 795-Westmeath · . 127 105 85 117 133 200 767Wexford .. · . 272 213 191 249 165' 210 1,300

Wicklow .. .. 146 94 126 110 127 137 740Galway .. .. 602 439 458 471 398 636 3,004Leitrim .. · . 191 117 210 158 195 241 1,112Mayo .. .. 789 500 571 532 454 629 3,475-

Roscommon .. 296 145 252 255 201 361 1,510Sligo .. · . 219 107 205 140 214 327 1,212

--- --- --- --- --- --- ---

TOTALS .. 7,495 5,541 6,724 6,670 6,894 10,253 43,577

110

28. RETURN, showing the number of pupils,aged 14 years or over, on theRolls on 30th June, 1931, and the Standards in which such pupilswere enrolled.

Fifth SeventhStandard Sixth Standard

COUNTY or under Standard or over Total

---1--- --- --- --- ---Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls

--- --- --- --- --- --- ---

Cavan 171 116 107 187 86 144 811Donegal 282 231 203 255 213 335 1,519Monaghan 122 88 108 150 63 209 740Clare 169 188 181 220 131 323 1,212

Cork City 114 143 112 140 63 349 921Cork County 640 473 611 642 616 1,140 4,122Kerry 441 346 406 431 354 799 2,777Limerick City 84 102 81 134 22 116 539

Limerick County 215 176 225 270 246 356 1,488Tipperary 302 279 270 361 135 358 1,705Waterford City 43 78 49 80 34 107 391Waterford County 67 75 63 103 62 110 4RO

Carlow 74 49 55 60 29 65 332Dublin City 600 332 560 418 179 523 2,612Dublin County 114 99 84 133 49 140 619Kildare 94 86 72 108 49 116 525

Kilkenny 108 101 131 177 90 242 849Laoighise 101 99 61 88 37 134 520Longford 66 44 55 80 39 65 349Louth 110 69 105 122 86 154 646

Meath 95 98 117 156 52 168 686Offaly 103 109 74 121 67 167 641Westmeath 71 66 69 100 55 120 481Wexford 140 170 134 193 62 183 882

Wicklow 113 84 67 95 63 103 525Galway 400 418 340 518 183 442 2,301Leitrim 142 102 119 179 97 179 81&Mayo 378 393 281 466 166 445 2,129

Roscommon 124 189 156 278 89 252 1,088Sligo 113 122 113 176 117 246 887

--- --- --- --- --- --- ---TOTALS .. 5,596 4,925 I 5,009 6,441 3,534 8,090 33,595

111

MODEL SCHOOLS.29. The number of Model School establishments in operation on 30th June,

1931, was 17. These contain 29 separate departments, each in operation withits own distinct staff and organization.

The average number of pupils on the Rolls of the Model Schools for the yearended 30th June, 1931, was 5,986.

The average daily attendance of pupils at these Schools for the year ended30th June, 1931, was 5,005.

The percentage of the average daily attendance of pupils for the year to theaverage number on the Rolls was 83.6.

The Staff of the Model Schools on the 30th June, 1931, consisted of 29 PrincipalTeachers, 16 Vice Principals, 85 Assistant Teachers, and 2 Teachers of specialsubjects.

The following table shows (a) the religious denominations of the Pupils onthe Rolls of the several Model Schools on the 30th June, 1931; (b) the averagenumber on the Rolls; and (c) the average daily attendance :-

I(b) (c)

Average Average

Model Schools 1

(a) PUPILS ONROLLSON30TH JUNE, 1931 Number Dailyon Rolls Attend-

for ance for---- --1----- Year Yearended ended

Cath. C. of I Pres. Meth. Others Total 30/6/,31 30/6/,31-------- --- --- --- --- --- ----Central Dublin 1,820 21 2 5 1,848 1,925 1,666West Dublin 912 912 916 761Inchicore 441 442 462 376Glasnevin 435 435 442 365Athy 47 4 5 57 61 42Bailieborough 57 21 1 80 81 66Clonmel 7 20 2 30 28 22Cork 754 4 4 762 741 608Dunmanway 61 61 58 47Enniscorthy .. 59 6 2 68 68 55Kilkenny 53 7 1 2 63 60 53Limerick .. 1 485 2 1 4 492 486 414Monaghan .. 17 82 111 3 5 218 211 170Parsons town 51 5 9 1 66 69 53Sligo 6 110 18 10 2 146 143 122Trim 160 160 156 123Waterford 4 57 8 3 4 76 79 62

--- --- ---- --- --- ---- ----.Total 5,042 625 185 31 33 5,916 5,986 5,005

--- --- --- --- --- ---

85.2 10.6 3.1 0.5 0.6 100.0 '-- __ ...,,____ -..l

'-- Y 83.6Percentage of

Percentage to Total Number on Rolls average attend-ance to average

on Rolls.

112

CONVENT AND MONASTERY SCHOOLS.30. The number of these Schools, and the attendances (excluding pupils

who were paid for by the Industrial Schools Branch) for the year ended 30thJune, 1931, were as follows :-

Class of School

Paid solely by Capitation

AverageNumber of Number of Average

Schools Pupils Dailyon Rolls Attendance

315 103,668 86,903

74 23,176 20,527

..'1- 389 126,844 107,430

Convent

Monastery

TOTAL

Class of School

Convent

Monastery

TOTAL

Paid by Personal Salaries. &c.

AverageNumber of Number of Average

Schools Pupils on DailyRolls Attendance

31 5.669 4,703

46 9,188 7,959

77 14,857 12,662

Excluding pupils paid for by the Industrial Schools Branch, the averagenumber of pupils on the Rolls of the Convent and Monastery National Schoolsfor the year ended 30th June, 1931, was 141,701.

The average daily attendance at these Schools for the year was 120,092.The percentage of the daily average attendance of pupils to the average number

on the Rolls was 84.7.31. The teaching power in some Convent and Xlonastery Schools is partly

made up of Lay Assistants. * All persons now appointed as Lay Assistants arerequired to be qualified as such under the Rules and Regulations for NationalSchools.

Lay Assistants who are included as members of the minimum recognisedStaff of the School as required by the Regulations, are paid personal salariesby the Department-an adjustment being made in the amount of CapitationGrant paid to a school in which such Lay Assistants are employed.

* The number of Lay Assistants on 30th June, 1931, in receipt of personalsalaries from this Department was 660 (Convent Schools 450, Monastery Schools.210).

113

32.-SUMMARY OF CONVENT AND MONASTERY NATIONAL SCHOOLSACCORDING TO RELIGIOUS ORDERS ON 30th JUNE, 1931.

CONVENT NATIONAL SCHOOLS.

SchoolsSchools paid by

Religious Order paid by Personal TotalCapitation Salaries,

&c.- -

ers of Mercy · . · . · . 153 14 167entation · . · . · . · . 61 8 69

ers of Charity · . · . · . 31 - 31Louis · . · . · . · . 4 8 12to · . · . · . .. 9 - 9

John of God · . · . · . 8 - 8Faith · . · . .. · . 17 - 17

ed Heart · . · .: :1

4 - 4ers of St. Clare · . · . 3 1 4idine · . · . .. · . 5 - 5sand Passion · . · . .. 1 - 1inican · . · . .. · . 3 - 3aculate Conception · . · . 2 - 2line · . .. · . · . 3 - 3elite · . · . · . · . 1 - 1

hful Companions of Jesus · . · . 2 - 2Joseph · . · . .. · . 1 - 1ist · . · . · . · . 2 - 2r Servants of the Mother of God andthe Poor · . · . · . 1 - Isand Mary · . · . · . 1 - 1La Sainte Union .. · . .. 1 - 1Joseph of Cluny · . · . · . 1 - 1ghters of the Heart of ;'Vlary · . I - 1

-----I Convent National Schools .. 315 31 346

I

SistPresSistSt.LoreSt.HolySacrSistBrigCrosDomImmUrsuCarmFaitSt.MarPoo

JesuDeSt.Dau

Tota

MONASTERY NATIONAL SCHOOLS.

Religious Order

74

Schoolspaid byPersonalSalaries

&c.

Schoolspaid by

CapitationTotal

---------------1-----1-----1----Brothers of the Christian Schools,

. (De La Salie)Presentation 2FranciscanPatricianMaristChristian Brothers 72

15 159 11

11 117 74 4

72

46 120

I

Total Monastery National Schools

114

INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL CmLDREN ATTENDING NATIONALSCHOOLS.;'

33. In addition to the Baltimore Fishery Industrial National School, therewere 24 National Schools 'attended by chilcirenfrom: Ind~strial Schools (certifiedunder the Industrial Schools Act). The number of these pupils on the rolls OIl

30th June, 1931, was 1,548 (219 boys and 1,329 girls); and the average dailyattendance for these pupils was 1,457 (199 boys and 1,258 girls). These industrialschool children are .instructed in the same manner as the ordinary day pupilsof the national schools; but payment for their instruction is made only by theIndustrial Schools Branch.

*In addition to the national schools where children from certain IndustrialSchools attend daily, the Inspectors of the Primary Branch now undertake theinspection and examination of the literary subjects in all of the Reformatory·and Industrial Schools in Saorstat Eireann. These latter Schools are not, however,otherwise connected with the Primary Branch, provision being made in theinstitutions for the instruction of the children on the premises.

PUPIL TEACHERS.34. The number of Pupil Teachers serving OIl 30th June, 1931, was ;-

i __ BOyS __ ~~J __~~ta~ __!

TOTALS

I.. : 54 i

i ---------1-----.. 1 102 !

!

67 121

First Year 48 64 112

Second Year

131

The number of Pupil Teachers declared eligible for training in 1931 was ;-Boys Girls Total

63 75 138

ANNUAL EXAMINATIONS.:J5. Candidates (other than Preparatory College students and Pupil Teachers)

for admission to the Training Colleges, candidates 'or appointment as temporaryuntrained assistant teachers and junior assistant mistresses are summoned to aPreliminary Examination at Easter and if successful are admitted to the LeavingCertificate eaxmination in the following June.

The numbers examined at Easter, 1931, were as follows ;-Candidates for Training 309Candidate Untrained Assistant Teachers and Junior Assistant

Mistresses 166

Total 475

Students in Training are examined at midsummer.The following is a summary of the persons examined at midsummer, 1931

Students at the end of their first year of Training 369Students at the end of their course of Training 468

Total 837

115

'.

The following examinations were also held during the year ended 30th June,1931 :- Number of

Candidates3,6961,345

Examination for certificates in Irish (March, 1931)Examination for entrance to Preparatory Colleges (April, 1931)Examination for Scholarships in Secondary and Vocational

Schools (April, 1931)Examination for Primary School Certificates (June, 1931)

PREPARATORY COLLEGES,36, At the examination for places in these Colleges, held in 1931, 444 boys

and 901 girls attended. The numbers admitted to the Colleges as a result of theexamination were 93 boys and 108 girls.

The following table shows the number of students in residence in the Collegesfor the School year 1932-32 :-

College

1) Colaiste Caoimhin,for Catholic Boys.

Situation Manager

1,0499,198

Students inResidence

Glasnaoidhean

(2) Colaiste Moibhi, for ClasnaoidheanProtestant Boysand Girls.

(3) Colaiste Ide, forCatholic Girls.

(4) Colaiste Brighdefor Catholic Girls.

(5) Colaiste Muire, forCatholic Girls.

(6) Colaiste naMurnhan, forCatholic Boys.

(7) Colaiste Einne,for Catholic Boys.

Baile an Ghoilin,Daingean ViChuise , Co.Ciarraighe.

Fa1carrach.

The Most Rev. R. 70Browne, D.D.,Bishop of Cloyne. I

The Most Rev. T. 69O'Doherty, D.D., -- --Bishop of Galway. 264 344

His Grace the MostRev. E. J. Byrne,D.D., Archbishopof Dublin.

His Grace the MostRev. J. A. F. Gregg,D.D., Archbishopof Dublin.

The Most Rev. M.O'Brien, D.D.,Bishop of Kerry.

The Most Rev. W.MacNeely, D.D.,Bishop of Raphoe.

His Grace the MostRev. T. P. Gil-martin, D.D., Arch-bishop of Tuam.

101Tui r Mhic Eadaigh,Co. Mhuigheo.

Magh -Ealla(Temporarypremises).

Teach Talboid,Baile Atha Cliath

(Temporarypremises).

Boys Girls114

11 43

101

99

'-- __y--.-J

Total 608

37.

116

TRAINING COLLEGES. *

Name of College

Number ofStudents

for which atpresentlicensed

Men I·women

ManagerDate from

whichrecognised

.. St. Patrick's" (Drum-condra, Dublin).

---.-- ----------- ---- --- --- ----

"Our Lady of Mercy"(Carysfort Park, Black-

rock, ce. Dublin.).. Church of Ireland"

(KildarePlace,Dublin)

" De la Salle " (Water-ford).

"Mary Immaculate"(Limerick).

His Grace the Most Rev. 1 Sept., 1883 165E. Byrne, D.D., Arch-bishop of Dublin.

Do. 1 Sept., 1883 240

His Grace the Most Rev. 1 Sept., 1884 25 77J. A. F. Gregg, D.D.,Archbishop of Dublin.

The Most Rev, B. Hack- 1 Sept., 1891 200ett, D.D., Bishop ofWaterford andLismore

The Most Rev. D. Keane, 1 Sept., 1901 100D.D., Bishop of Lim- -- ---

erick. 390 417'-_y __---l

Total 807

* In addition to the Training Colleges indicated above, the training given tomembers of the Order of Christian Brothers in St. Mary's Training College,Marino, Dublin, is recognised by the Department and a modified grant in respectof such training is paid to the authorities of the Order.

38. The following Table shows the number of persons admitted to the TrainingColleges in 193 L--------------------------

(FOR MEN)" St. Patrick's "" Church of Ireland".. De la Salle"

TOTAL

(FOR VlToMEN)

" Our Lady of Mercy"" Church of Ireland".. Mary Immaculate"

TOTAL

One year'sCourse*

Two yearsCourse

I 9~

- I 102-----1-----------1 200

'-----y----_-...I201

1273259

218'- y ---l

219

* The Can adates admitted to the one year's course of training were HonoursUniversity Graduates.

117

39.-STUDENTS IN TRAINING-SESSION 1930-1931.

ORDINARY COURSE.

No. of First Year'sStudents No. in Examination of Finalat corn- College Students Examination

Name of College mence- at close ----- ---- ---- ---

ment of of No. Ex- No. No. Ex- No.Session Session amined Passed amined Passed1930-31

--MEN

" St. Patrick's " .. 165 163 69 69 94 88•• Church of Ireland" 20 21* 12 12 9 9•• De la Salle " · . 200 197 93 91 104 97

Total (Men) · . 385 381 174 172 207 194. -

WOMEN"Our Lady of Mercy" 220 219 114 113 105 98" Church of Ireland" 65 64 35 35 29 15" Mary Immaculate" 100 99 43 41 56 56

-Total (Women) 385 382 192 189 190 169

-Total (Men and

Women) · . 770 763 366 361 397 363

• One additional student re-admitted during session.

TRAINED AND UNTRAINED TEACHERS.40. The following table shows the number of trained and untrained principal

and assistant teachers in the service on 30th June, 1931 :-

:\lIEN WOMEN----- TOTAL

Trained Untrained-----

1,977 128 4,9842,598 693 4,268

----- -----4,575 821 9,252

Trained Untrained----1----1----1

PrincipalsAssistants

2,808889

7188

.----- -----1-----1

Total 3,697 159

Of 1,857 junior assistant mistresses in the service on 30th June, 1931, 51were trained and 1,806 untrained.

The number of teachers in the service on 30th June, 1931, who had completeda third year course of training was :-

Men Women325 45

Total370

118

UNIVERSITY GRADUATES.41. The number of Univesity Graduates in the servile on 30t'1 1931 was-

~den Women Total

Principals 143 29 172Assistants ]31 105 236

---------Total 274 134 408

IRISH QUALIFICATIONS OF TEACHERS.42. The following are the particulars of the qualifications in Irish of all Teachers

serving in National Schools on 30th September, 1931 :-Without any CertificateWith Ordinary CertificateWith Bilingual CertificateWith Ard Teastas

3,8194,7004,695

845

TOTAL .. 14,059

This includes about 400 Supernumerary Teachers serving in Convent andMonastery National Schools paid by Capitation.

The following Table shows the results of the examination for Certificatesin Irish, held in March, 1931 :-

NumberExamined

539 .81939

Numberwho Passed

Ordinary CertificateBilingual CertificateArd-Teastas

1,1712,065

460

-_·_-------------1·------

* Including 117 not serving in National Schools who passed provisionallypending a practical test.

SPECIAL GRANTS FOR THE TEACmNG OF EXTRA SUBJECTS.43. RETURN showing the number of National Schools in which special grants

were paid for instruction given in Cookery, Laundry Work or DomesticEconomy in the school year ended 30th June, 1930; also showing the amountspaid within the financial year 1930-31.

Branch

;\; s. d.

Number of Schools paidSpecial Grants in respectof School Year 1929-30

Amount paid (FinancialYear 1930-31)

Cookery 4491Laundry Work 167 r 6,805 5 4*Domestic Economy 6j

* Includes special grants amounting to £116 2s. Od. paid for instruction inCookery, Laundry Work, or Domestic Economy in five Technical Schools.

-

119

THE REID BEQUEST.

44. Under the Reid Bequest Scheme for the advancement of Education in theCounty Kerry awards are made from the funds at this Department's disposalto six of the most efficient National Schools attended by boys in the CountyKerry for the purpose of assisting boys of limited means to attend the schoolsmore effectually, by providing them with books and clothes, or by the paymentof money for their use and benefit. The schools are selected triennially by theDivisional Inspector, with the approval of this Department.

The following Table shows the six schools selected for the triennial periodwhich commenced on l st July, 1929, and the amount allocated to each schoolin respect of the school years 1929-30 and 1930-31.

I Amount allocatedI

Roll School I Manager for School Year~o. 1------ 1929-30 1930-31

---- - ------,-----£ s. d. £ s. d.

2120 Gortnaskehi, B. V. Rev. :\1. Canon Fuller, 17 3 0 10 19 0P.P., V.F.

2849 Kenmare, B. Ven. ArchdeaconMarshall, 31 17 0 22 6 10P.P .

10045 Lohar . ·1 Rev. F. J. Harrington, 16 16 11 21 0 8P.P.

11272 Chapeltown, B. I Rev. xr. F. Scanlon, P.P. 23 11 7 15 2 3I

14366 Loughfouder I Rev. J. Bur ke, P.P. 9 9 10 11 7 10001

15660 Clooncurra Y. Rev. J. Canon Browne, 26 12 10 33 19 0I P.P.

---------------

120

45. CARLISLE AND BLAKE PREMIUMS.

THE CARLISLE AND BLAKE PREMIUM FUKD.

1. The National Education Commissioners are empowered to allocate tothe teachers of ordinary National Schools the interest accruing from certainfunds at their disposal in premiums, to be called "The Carlisle and BlakePremiums." Teachers of Model Schools, Convent Schools. or other special schools,are not eligible for these premiums.

2. The interest from the accumulated funds available for premiums is dis-tributed every year in premiums of £7 10s. each-one to each of the twomost deserving principal teachers in each of the seven Inspectorial Divisionsin Saorstat Eireann-subject to the following conditions :-

(a) that the average attendance and the regularity of the attendance ofthe pupils are satisfactory;

(b) that a fair proportion of the pupils have passed in the higher standards;

(c) that, if a boys' or mixed school, taught by a master in a rural districtthe elements of the sciences underlying agriculture are fairly taughtto the boys of the senior standards; and, if a girls' school (rural ortown). needlework is carefully attended to ;

(d) that the state of the school has been reported during the previous twoyears as satisfactory in respect of efficiency, moral tone, order,cleanliness, discipline, school records, supply of requisites and obser-vance of the rules.

3. No teacher is eligible for a premium more frequently than once in five years.

CARLISLE AND BLAKE PREMIUMS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30th JUNE,1931.

Divi- Roll Name of School Name of Principalsion County No. Teacher

---- -_._---

1 Donegal 16819 Ghort an Choirce J ames Gillespie.1 Roscommon 12778 Tawnytaskin Laurence Sheerin.2 Leitrim 14513 Slievenakilla Peadar S. Mac Fhlan-

nchadha.2 Westmeath 5282 Cloran :VIiss J. Flynn.3 Galway 14421 Ard John O'Connor.3 Mayo 13957 Doolough Miss E. Corkery.4 Carlow 667 Graigue John O'Leary.4 Kildare 8099 Sallins Boys' J oseph 1IcCormack.5 Dublin 7624 Rush Boys' Patrick T. Walshe.5 Laoighis 16070 Mountmellick Boys' Daniel T. Bennett.6 Kerry 10755 Ferriter Boys' Michael O'Connor.6 Kerry 7466 Morley's Bridge Florence J. O'Brien.7 Cork 14993 Renaniree Humphrey Lynch.7 Cork 3997 Ballyhooly Boys' David Murphy.

121

SCOLAIREACHTAi I MEAN-SCOILEANNA AGUS I nDANSCOILEANNA.

(SCHOLARSHIPS IN SECONDARY AND VOCATIONAL SCHOOLS).

46. Particulars as to awards in connection with the Examinations held in1930-31 :-

::\0.No. of Value

COUNTY of Scholar- ofCompeti- ships Scholarships

tors awarded----_._- ._---- ---------

Cavan 43 11 From £15 to £40

Cork County 49 5 "£1710 to £40

Cork City 42 11 £20 eachDublin County 56 16 From £15 to £30Dublin City 218 40 £20 each

Galway 32 9 From £15 to £36 •Kerry 82 20 £15 to £30

Kilkenny .. 21 7 £20 to £35

Laoighis 38 8 £20 to £40

Leitrim 10 £40Limerick City 15 7 £15 each

Longford 31 4 £40 each.

Louth 17 5 From £15 to £20

Mayo 41 10 £20 to £50

Meath 18 4 £40 each

Monaghan 41 8 From £15 to £25

Offaly 24 9 £20 to £30

Roscommon 101 12 £40 each

Sligo 35 5 £40 each

Tipperary N. 29 12 £25 each

Tipperary S. 37 8 From £20 to £40

Waterford City 16 4 £20 each

Westmeath 41 6 From £20 to £45

Wexforcl .. 12 4 £15 to £50

The following Counties did not submit Schemes for 1931 :-Carlow, Clare, Donegal, Kildare, Limerick, Waterford and Wicklow.

TEACHERS' PENSIONS AND GRATUITIES.

------~-

I I II ,\lm; 1--;owT I TOTALI

No. I £ £ No. I=~=---- -------

I 1,4031st December, 1929 · . · . · . · . 995 132,503 130,177 2,398 262,680ming year ended 31st December, 1930 :- 11ement .. . . · . · . · . · . 5 629 13 1,228 18 1,857ry Retirement . . · . · . · . 75 13,698 78 I 11,265 153 24,963lent owing to Inefficiency · . · . · . 4 494 1 1 72 5 566

sions (Increase) Act, 1920, and the Superannuation and I

1923 (Section 6) · . .. · . · . - 8 - 39 - 47

TOTAL .. · . .. · . 1,079 147,332 1,495 142,781 I 2,574 290,113I

ing the year ended 31st December, 1930, through death 52 5,130 70 I 5,135 I! 122

I

10,265ses granted under Pensions Increase Act, 1920 · . - 9 - 106 I' - 115re-appointment · . · . .. · . - - - - - -

--;-1 T --TOTAL · . · . · . · . 5,139 70 5,241

I

122 10,380I

n 31st December, 1930 · . · . · . ·.1- 1,027-1 142,193 1,425 137,540 2,452 279,733

47. On 31st December, 1930, the Pensions granted in An Saorsta t were as follows

Total payable on 3Pensions granted d

On DisablOn OrdinaOn Retiren

Increases under PenPensions Act,

...-NN

Pensions ceased durReduction of IncreaPensions ceased on

Pensions payable 0

The number of Teachers remaining on the books on 31st December, 1930, was:-Men 3,846Women 5,485

Total 9,331

123

INCOME AND EXPENDITURE OF THE TEACHERS' PENSION FUND.

Two half-year's Interest 011 £866,600 ..Interest on StockVote-in-aidPremiums paid by Teachers

£ s. d. £ s. d.

..26,598 0 0

.. 69,387 19 1

.. 69,776 0 0

.. 102,368 15 8268,130 14 9

48. The following statement relative to the Pension Fund has been furnishedby the Teachers' Pension Office:-

The Income and Expenditure of the Pension Fund during the year ended31st December, 1930, were as follows :-

Income :-

Expenditure :-

Pensions paid to Teachers .. 271,518 12 9Premiums refunded on Resignation or Death .. 12,718 18 4Net payment to Northern Ireland in respect of

transferred teachers

Excess of Expenditure over IncomeAmount realised by sale of £59,881Cash Balance on 1st January, 1930

10s. 8d. Stock

o 0--- --293,237 11 1

25,106 16 460,917 5 10

4,147 5 4

9,000

Sum invested in purchase of £42,500 Stock39,957 14 10

.. 39,008 15 11

Cash Balance on 31st December, 1930 948 18 11

The invested Capital of the Fund stood thus:

1st January, 1930, Debt of the IrishFund

Stock in hand on 1st January, 1930Stock bough t in 1930

Church Temporalities886,600 0 0

1,757,587 6 142,500 0 0

1,800,087 6

59,881 10 8Stock sold in 1930

In hand 31st December, 1930 £1,740,205 15 5 886,600 0 0

124

Service Expenditure

49. STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURE FROM PUBLIC FUNDS ON PRIMARYEDUCATION FOR THE YEAR ENDED. 31st MARCH, 1931.

TRAINING COLLEGES:Training Colleges under Private Management

Prizes to ex-Students and Advances of Training CollegeFees ..

Preparatory Colleges

Pupil Teachers

Examinations

NATIONAL SCHOOLS:Principals, Assistants, etc., in Ordinary and Model Schools

and Teachers of Schools paid by Capitation

MODEL SCHOOLS (Miscellaneous Expenses)

Van and Boat Services

Incidentals ..

Free Grants of School Requisites

Grant towards the cost of Heating, etc., of Schools andCleansing of Out-Offices

Equipment Grants, etc.

Teachers' Residences

SUPERANNUATlOK, ETC., OF TEACHERS (GRANTSIN AID)

GROSS TOTAL

Deduct Receipts

NET TOTAL

£ s. d.

58,341 9 11

832 17 233,361 7 7

4,905 5 3

1,155 8 6

3,429,250 17 0

* To these figures must be added a due proportion of the cost of AdministrationInspection. &c.

125

APPENDIX Ill.

SCHOOL MEDICAL SERVICE GRANT.

RETURN, compiled by the Department of Local Government and Public Health,showing Payments made by the Department during the year 1930/31.

Final Instalments for IPayment, 1930--31

Local Authority for ----- --.~- Total1929-30 First Second

----------------- ------ ----- ---£ s. d. £ s. £ £ s. d

Cork County Borough · . 251 10 ~I 550 0 433 1,234 10Dublin County Borough · . 546 17 1,647 () 1,781 3,974 17Limerick County Borough · . 33 8 240' 0 58 331 RWaterford County Borough · . 4 7 ~I 147 0 65 216 7Clonmel Borough .. · . 30 6 42 0 27 99 6Cavan Board of Health · . - 115 0 42 157 0Cork County Board of Public .

Health .. .. · . 4:3 9 t 593 0 106 742 9Donegal Board of Health .. - - 200 *200 0Galway Board of Health · . - - 112 *112 0Kildare Board of Health · . 173 0 1 575 0 213 961 0 1Limerick Board of Heal th · . - - 150 *150 0Louth Board of Health · . 105 3 3 299 0 101 505 3Meath Board of Health · . - - 67 *67 0Monaghan Board of Health .. - - 111 *111 0Offaly Board of Health · . 16 1 S 425 0 205 646 1Roscommon Board of Health - - 50 *50 0Westmeath Board of Health - 95 () - *95 0Wicklow Board of Health - 172 10 - 172 le)---1-

Totals .. .. 1,204 4 11 4,900 10 3,721 9,825 14 1,i

-----

Payments to Voluntary Agencies:

Bray Schools Dental Clinic · . - - - 23 10

Howth Schools Dental Clinic - - - 31 16

Malahide Dental Clinic · . - - - 9 9

Nazareth House Dental Clinic,Sligo . . . . · . - - - 5 15

Terenure Dental Clinic .. - - I_=- 34 18 9

-------

Total .. .. - - I-=- 105 10 -4

------I

Gross Total .. - - I - 9,931 5 3

88652o6ooo3oo8ooo

6

7

o

6

• First Payment.

126

APPENDIX IV.-----

SCHOOL MEALS GRANT.TABLE, compiled by the Department of Local Government and Public Health,

showing the payments made by the Department in the year ended 31st March,1931, in aid of the expenditure of local authorities on the provision of foodfor children attending National Schools.

Final Instalments forLocal Authority. Payment 1930-31.

for-'First~'''I''second~

Total.1929-30.

--------------- --------- ---- -----. ---"--£. S. d.1 £. £. £. s. d.

Urban Districts :An Uaimh .. 11 10 4 40 34 85 10 .tAthy 2 7 6 10 6 18 7 6

Bray 32 13 7 49 48 129 13 7

Bundoran 0 2 0 8 8 2 0Carlow 2 6 8 0 0Ceannanus Mor l~ 8 2 9 17 45 8 2Clonruel 4 7 3 11 25 40 7 3Cobh 3 9 12 0 0

Cootehill 9 9 0 0Drogheda 27 14 7 52 59 ·138 14 7Dundalk 49 17 5 62 167 278 17 5Dungarvan 13 19 3 5 27 45 19 3Dun Laoghaire 18 9 6 30 14 62 9 6

Enniscorthy I 49 6 6 28 49 126 0 6Fermoy "I 24 24 0 0

Galway 3 11 9 13 IS 31 11 9

Kilkenny 82 6 9 100 67 249 0 9Killarney 13 11 6 18 16 47 11 0Kinsale 4 1 4 IS 10 29 I 4

Letterkenny 4 19 0 32 5 41 19 0Listowel 4 1 0 4 9 1 0Longford 8 11 0 22 5 35 11 0

Midleton 3 14 10 9 G 18 14 10Monaghan 0 17 1 20 22 42 17 1

Naas 12 16 10 15 19 46 16 10New Ross 12 2 8 27 6 45 2 8Passage West 13 17 1 20 15 48 17 I

Templemore 7 18 8 7 14· 18 SThurles 7 I 0 20 10 37 I ClTralee 15 3 5 51 59 125 3 5Tullamore 20 15 3 16 25 61 IS 3

\\'exford 26 I 7 45 29 100 I 7'Wicklow 4 8 3 30 34 8 3Youghal 4 3 1 15 18 37 3

·County Boroughs:Cork 300 0 0 450 750 0 0Dublin 1,380 7 9 2,337 1,290 5,007 7 9Limerick 4 18 3 150 170 324 18 3Waterford 81 81 0 0

------ ---- ---- ------2,165 4 2 3,200 2,828 8,253 4 2

127

APPENDIX V.

SECONDARY EDUCATION STATISTICS.

(A.)-Sl'hools and Pupils.(I) TABLE showing for the School Year 1930-31, the number of recognised

'Schools, as classified, and the number of Pupils between the ages of 12 and 20in attendance at such Schools at the beginning of the School Year.

1930- 31Boys' Schools

Numberof

Schools

Number of Pupils

137

Boys Girls Total

16,168 - 16,168

- 11,165 11,165

920 741 1,661

17,088 11,906 I~--I

-Cirls' Schools 132

Mixed Schools 31

TOTAL 300

---------------------------------------

(2) Irish and Bilingual Schools.-Table showing for the School Year 1930-31the number of Schools admitted to Class A, B (I) and B (2), and the number ofPupils of the prescribed age in attendance at such Schools at the beginningof the School Year.

1930-31

Number Number of Pupilsof -- ----------- ----------

Schools Boys I Girls ! Total

A IB(I) B(2) A B(I)! B(2) , A B(I)I B(2) A I B(I) IB(2)

I

4 9 23 353 1,162!3,2281 - 353 1,1623,228

I20 7 26 - 2,111 496 2,420 2,111 496 2,420

'1-1 1 2 - I 34

150 I - 34 83! - 68 133

I-;-I--;;-~~!~~IWt~~I-;~~I~ 5,781

Boys' Schools

'Girls' Schools

Mixed Schools

TOTAL

(B.)--Number of Grant-Earning Pupils and Attendances.The number of Pupils on whom Capitation Grant was paid in respect of the

School Year 1929-30 was :-

Senior Pupils ..

Junior Pupils ..

4,050

21,051

Total 25,101

128

The number of these who made not less than 130 attendances was :-Senior Pupils 4,001Junior Pupils 20,791

TOTAL 24,792

(C.)-Examination Statistics.(I) Duration of Examinations, and Centres.-The Examinations for 1931

which began on the 9th June, and extended over eight days, were held at 176Centres in 103 different localities. The distribution of Centres was as follows i-e-

1931.645260

Centres for BoysCentres for GirlsJoint Cer.tres for Bcys and Cirls ..

TOTAL 176(2) Superintendents and Examiners.-Excluding those of the Department's

Inspectors who did not receive extra remuneration for this work, the numbersemployed were :-

Superintendents 97 81

In 1931---- ----- -----

178

Men Women Total

Examiners 72 41 113

(3) TABLE showing the general results of the Examinations.

B

------

- Number Number PercentageNumber passed with passed of those

EXAMINATION Examined Honours without ExaminedHonours who passed

OYS:Leaving Certificate 954 432 305 77.3Intermediate

Certificate .. 2,504 955 864 72.6

TOTAL .. 3,458 1,387 1,169 73.9

GIRLS: I

Leaving Certificate 625 321 187 81.3Intermediate

Certificate .. 1,738 687 592 73.6------- ------

TOTAL .. 2,363 1,008 779 75.6_.

GRAND TOTAL .. 5,821 2,395 1,948 74.6

1931

(4) Analytical Tables of the Results of the Exarnina.tions :-

I.-INTERMEDIA'rE CERTIFICATE:.

IEGLFGISHMASDCMD

•....M'"

--- ----------- -1931- - -.----------.-- -"------

Boys GIRLS

Percentage Total Percentage TotalTotal passed with Percentage Total passed with Percentage

Examined Honours passed Examined Honours passed---- - ------ ------- . -- _._-- ----- --------.-

rish .. .. . . 2,476 33.8 75.4 1,743 44.2 79.9nglish · . · . · . · . 2,491 27.0 84.0 1,738 41.8 90.1reek .. .. " · . · . 495 39.2 78.4 2 0.0 50.0atin .. .. · . · . · . 2,055 19.2 59.1 255 4.7 32.9rench · . .. .. .. · . 522 19.7 54.0 1,410 :1O.4 73.9erman · . · . · . · . · . 3 0.0 100.0 42 19.1 66.7

talian · . · . · . .. · . - - _. - - -panish · . · . · . · . · . 3 0.0 66.7 - - -istory and Geography · . · . · . 2,400 16.9 64.0 1,702 14.6 64.5athematics · . · . · . · . 2,502 33.0 72.1 1,473 18.5 56.5rithmetic (girls onl y) · . · . · . - - - 1,739 - 71.0cience .. · . · . · . · . 1,625 37.5 76.4 525 25.5 74.7omestic Science .. · . · . · . - - I

- 778 27.1 82.3ommerce .. · . · . · . 138 4.3 73.2 179 10.1 72 .1usic · . · . · . · . 5 80.0 100.0 43 60.5 79.1rawing · . · . · . "I 1,262 28.8 70.0 889 28.1 56.4anual Instruction · . · . · . 50 48.0 94.0 - - -

I

IrishEnglishGreekLatinFrenchGermanItalianSpanishHistoryGeographyMathematicsApplied MathematicsMusicPhysicsChemistryRural ScienceBotany ..Physiology and HygieneDomestic EconomyCommerceDrawing ..~~~~~

I

n.-LEAVING CERTIFICATE-BOYS.------- 1931

------- ------- ------Total Total Percentage Percentage Percentage

Total Percentage Examined passed with failed on passed onExamined Passed in Honours Honours Honour Paper Pass Paper

-----------

· . · . · . 901 93.6 532 75.8 0.8 85.4· . · . · . 951 92.3 619 6\.1 1.8 81.3· . · . · . 220 90.5 109 58.7 1.8 82.9· . · . .. 694 81.1 289 41.5 10.4 75.1· . · . · . 118 94.1 43 65.1 0.0 90.7.. · . · . - - - - - -

· . · . .. 1 100.0 - - - 100.0· . · . · . - - - - - -

· . · . · . 752 73.1 478 43.1 16.7 55.5· . · . · . 709 79.8 540 26.3 15.6 65.1· . · . · . 875 74.1 210 37.6 15.2 70.7· . · . · . 31 83.9 12 41.7 16.7 84.2· . · . .. 3 33.3 2 50.0 50.0 0.0.. · . · . 70 84.3 43 62.8 11.6 77.8.. · . · . 276 84.1 165 43.6 10.9 76.6· . · . · . 123 65.9 97 56.7 22.7 23.1· . · . .. 6 0.0 3 0.0 100.0 0.0· . .. · . 1 0.0 - - - 0.0· . · . .. - - - - - -· . · . · . 47 100.0 23 65.2 0.0 100.0· . · . · . 343 83.4 222 54.1 9.0 69.4

--~~.---- III.-LEAVING CERTIFICATE-GIRLS.

193\.

IrishEnglishGreekLatinFrenchGermanItalianSpanishHistoryGeography ..MathematicsApplied Mathematicsl\fusicPhysicsChemistryRural ScienceBot-anyPhysiology and HygieneDomestic EconomyCommerce ..Drawing

TotalExamined

599625

29837519

1

------- _._----Total Total Percentage Percentage Percentage

Percentage Examined passed with failed on passed onPassed in Honours Honours Honour Paper Pass Paper

97.2 466 64.8 2.1 94.794.6 429 60.4 1.6 86.250.0 1 0.0 0.0 0.069.4 31 41.9 19.4 64.289.3 223 45.7 8.5 86.184.2 16 37.5 18.8 100.0100.0 1 100.0 - -- - - - -75.1 399 26.3 16.5 52.187.1 503 32.6 10.3 66.754.9 31 29.0 6.5 52.10.0 - 0.0 0.0 0.078.6 14 78.6 21.4 0.0100.0 - - - 100.075.0 38 34.2 28.9 83.393.3 55 92.7 1.8 40.093.6 141 65.2 63.8 93.392.7 41 68.3 7.3 -99.2

I

109 74.3 0.0

I92.9

100.0 5 20.0 - 100.0I 85.9 216 46.3 14.8 88.0

-

543566474

214

1566015641123

8291

132

(D.) SCHOLARSHIPS.(1) The number of Pupils who qualified for the award of Scholarships on the

results of the Intermediate Certificate Examination, 1931, and the numberof Scholarships awarded were as follows '-

Number ofPupils

who qualified

Number ofScholarships

awarded

Boys f 1st Class (£40) 36 35'L2nd " (£20) 36 32

Girls f 1st Class (£30) 20 20'L2nd " (£15) 20 20

112 107

The Scholarships are tenable for two years subject to certain conditions.4 boys relinquished the Scholarships for which they qualified. The award ofone of the Second Class Scholarships (Boys) is under consideration.

(2) Scholarships, awarded on the results of the Intermediate CertificateExamination, 1930, were renewed for the School Year 1931-32 as Iollows r=-

Boys 59Girls 37

96

Girls1£5 15 8

f

BURKE MEMORIAL PRIZES AND EARL OF CORK'S SCHOLARSHIPS.

(3) The values of the *Burke Memorial Prizes awarded were ;-In 1931.

First PrizeSecond Prize

Boys£9 12 9£5 15 8

(4) The values of the *Earl of Cork's Scholarships awarded were r-s-Boys Girls

In 1931 ; One Scholarship .. £26 8 2 One Scholarship £26 8 2* These were paid out of the Trust Funds held by the Minister for Education.

(E.)-TEACHERS.(1) The total number of Teachers employed in Secondary Schools was as

follows ;-School Year 1930-31

MenWomen

TOTAL

Registered73 )761

Unregistered507645

Total1,2371,406

1,491 1,152 2,643

(2J The number of Teachers who received incremental salaryfollows ;-

was as

MenWomen

1930-31662547

TOTAL 1,209

(F.)-RE::HSTRATION OF TEACHERS..The number of Teachers registered during the School Year 1930-31 was

113, of whom 40 were registere.l provisionally.All certificates of registration expired on 31st July, 1930. The revision of

the Register has not yet been completed but the number of teachers whosenames will appear 0 n the new Register is approximately 1,967 to date.

(G.)-SCHOLARsmps FROM PRIMARY SCHOOLSSCHOOLS AND UNIVERSITY SCHOLARSmpSCOUNTY OR COUNTY BOROUGH COUNCILS.

TO SECONDARYAWARDED BY

133

CDDDG

Secondary University ScholarshipsScholarships

xo. ofCOUNCIL Scholarship Total

holders in xe. Value No. in Valueattendance awarded force

at 1931 1931 IApprovedSchools

___________ 1 _____---- ---- ----

1930-31 £ £Carlow County · . 12 2 100(a) 6 300(a)Cavan County .. · . 5 - - - -Clare County · . · . 11 - - 2 130Cork County · . · . 35 - - 1 40

ork County Boro' · . 34 3 140 8 370onegal County .. - 7 490 20 1,400ublin County .. .. ! 119 4 230 9 500ublin County Borough 135 6 360 22 1,360'alway County 26 2 55 5 235'·'

Kerry County · . 123 - - - -ildare County _. 26 - - - -

-ilkenny County · . 33 4 250 13 830,aoighis County · - 42 4 340 11 935·eitrim County · . 4 1 40 3 120,imerick County · . 7 - - 2 180'irnerick County Boro' - 1 75 4 285ongford Countv · . 14 2 100 6 300outh County .. · . 13 - - - -

I

Ia\'o Count, .. ·. 47 4 240 12 720. .

Ieath County .. · . 15 2 200 5 500,Ionaghan County · . 27 3 210 8 480,ffaly County · . · . 35 2 120 9 595oscommon Count .. · . 48 2 130 8 520,·ligo County .. .. 19 - - - -ippera rv ~.R. County .. 37 4 2<15 8 565-ipperary S.R. · . 32 5 375 11 710-aterford Co. Boro' · . 22 - - 4 200·estrneath County · . 20 - - 2 130exford County 17 /__ 4 280 9 630

I- ----Totals · . 958 I 62 4,000 188 12,035

KKLLLLLL:\~i\oRSTTWWW

(a' In the case of these Counties, College Fees are paid in addition to theamounts awarded as Scholarships.

(b) Scholarships not availed of.

(c) One Council has supplied no information.

134

I(H.)-":'RECOGNITION OF PRIMARY SCHOOLS FOR EXAMINATIONPURPOSES.

Number of Primary Schools which applied during the School Year 1930-31<to have their Courses recognised for the purpose of the admission of their Pupilsto the Certificate Examinations, 45; of these, applications were subsequently

'withdrawn in the case of 2 Schools, and of the remainder, the courses were.approved in the case of 37 Schools .

.Number of pupils returned by the 45 Schools as following Courses of SecondaryStandard:

BoysGirls ..

School Year.1930-31

2612,034

TOTAL 2,295

'Number of Primary Schools which entered Pupils for the Certificate Examina-ttions, 1931: 27.

Number of Primary Schools which were permitted to present pupils for theICertificate Examinations, 1931: 26.

Table showing the number of Primary Schools which presented pupils for the'Certificate Examinations and the Results of the Examinations:

I )<UMBEROF PUPILS- -----

Number Presented Passedof -----

I Leavin;Schools Inter- Leaving Inter-mediate Certi- mediate Certi-

Certi- ficate Certi- ficateficate ficate

----Girls' Schools, 1931 23 195 29 144 24Boys' Schools, 1931 3 20 1 13 1Mixed Schools, 1931 - - - - -

-

135

(I.)-THE "CHARLEVILLE ENDOWMENT."

(Scheme No. 123, Educational Endowments (Ireland) Act, 1885.)

The payments from this Endowment in respect of the school year]929-30 were as follows:-

NAME OF SCHOOL AMOUNT

£ s. d.Christian Brothers' Schools, Charleville.. 20 6 2

Convent of Mercy, Charleville ]5 17 10

(J".)-FlNANCIAL STATEMENT.

The payments made for Secondary Education from public funds during thefinancial year ended 31st March, 1931, were as follows :-

1. Grants to Schools: £ s. d. £ s. d.(a) Capitation Grant (including Teachers'

Salaries Grant) 178,891 10 0(b) Laboratory Grants 15,157 10 0(c) Grants for Irish and Bilingual Schools 5,049 1 6(d) Bonus for Choirs and Orchestras .. 1,000 0 0

------ 200,098 62. Payments to Teachers:

Incremental salary paid to Secondary Teachers 137,984 17 8

3. Scholarships: 5,166 3 4

4. Grant towards publication of Irish Text Books 1,861 15 -4

5. Administration: £ s. d.(a) Cost of Examinations 6,830 9 8(b) Inspection, including salaries and expenses 6,504 0 0(c) Indoor administration (i.e. Office in Dublin) 9,847 0 0

23,181 9 f'

TOTAL £368,292 7 6

(l{)'--TABLE SHO\\'IKG NUl\mER OF RECOGNISED PUPILS, CERTTFIC\TE EXA:\rT~ATTOK I~ESULTS AKD r\\rOUNT OF GRANTS.

. NOTE.-The grants referred to are in respect of the school year named and are payable before March 31st of the following school year, exceptthe Incremental salary which is paid at the close 01 each quarter in the current year. Incremental sa lary was paid to qualified teachers individually ;the amount shown opposite each school under this head is the total amount paid to the teachers in the school during the school year.

Xarn e of School

.,.. P I AMOUNT OF GRANTS PAID:J.' UMBER OF . UPILS ON (a) Capitation Grant.\\"HO~I CAPITATION CRA:-IT EXAMINATIO:-I RESULTS I (b) Laboratory Grant.

\\"AS PAIl) (c) Graut for lrish and BilingualSchools.

_ J~'~i.or-- senio-r-I--;umber Pr~sented--I--- Number _Pas.sed _ (d) 16~:'~:str:~r Choirs and/orft'l l ur-rementa l Salary

I~ter Le~ving I I~ter I Leaving I (f) St~~:l~1\\::ll~;;a~~o~~f~f.!~a\~Certificate CertIficate Certtficate Certificate than .c~OO. (Rule 17, 1930·31).

1930-31 1930-31 1931 1931 1931 1931 1930-31.-- ----- - -------- ------ --_. - ----

£ s. d. £ s. d.CO. CARLO\\" (7 Schools) : ~

Car low, Christian Brothers' Schools 67 3 17 I 12 1 (a) 496 10 0 (b) 50 16 0 (j)

(e) 470 0 0Carlow, Convent of Mercy .. lIS 25 17 8 ~ 6 (a) 1053 10 0 (b) 120 9 0

(d) III o 0 (b) 750 o 0

Carlow, Cola iste Chnuic Bhig .. 75 2:~ 23 14 14 11 (a) 746 o 0 (e) 551 o 0

\Iu ine Bheag, Presentation Convent 41 - 6 - 5 - (a) 284 o 0 (b) 38 o 0(e) 3(;0 o 0

Mu ine Bheag St. J osepb 's Classical 32 1 6 I 5 I (a) 230 o 0 (e) 216 o 0Schoo!.

Tul low, Brigidine Convent ,. 72 7 13 9 5 (a) 574 o 0 (b) 90 12 05 (c) 14 7 0 (d) 10 o 0

(e) 480 o 0Tu llow, Mean Sgoil Braithreach

Naoimh Padraigh .. .. 29 1 - - - (a) 21:1 o 0 (e) 420 00- I

B

Co. CAVAN (3 Scbools) : 7 - 3 - (a) 441 o 0 (b) 1\ 00avail, Loreto COllege ,. .. 63 - (d) 10 o () \ ) \ 50 o ()

10 11 3 9 3 (a) 408 o 0 (b) 56 o 0avan, Royal School .. 44 (e) 230 15 7,

19 32 5 21 3 (a) 967 o 0 (b) 95 o 0avan, Colaiste Padraig .. 111 (e) 419 o 0

Co. CLARE (7 Schools) : 11 31 3 24 3 (a) 856 o 0 (b) 107 16 0nnis, Christian Brothers' Schools 109 (e) 543 o 0

28 25 1I 22 I 11 (a) 1010 10 0 (b) 151 o 0n nis, Clochar na Tiocair e , . 106

I(c) 252 12 l-i (e) 540 o 0

59 23 2-1 \ 12\

16 (a)1390 o 0 (b) 106 14 0n nis, Colaiste Fhla n na in Xaomhtha 116 (c) 15 4 6 (e) 765 o 0

15 IS 4 15 4 (a) 662 10 0 (b) 81 8 0'nnist.ymon, Sgoil na mBr.i thn r .. 74 (c) 163 5 0 (e) 525 o 0

7 7 7 - (a) 336 o 0 (b) 37 o 0'nnistymon, Convcnt. of Mercy .. 38 (c) 33 12 0 (d) 5 o 0

(e) 80 o 0

14 6 4 6 2 (a) 567 o 0 (b) 1)112 0Cilrush, Christian Brothers' Schools 62 (c) 18 o 0 (e) 420 o 0

I I1 :~

\(a) 3114 o 0 (b) 48 o 014 - -

Iilltown Ialbav. Convent of Mercy 55 - (c) :18 8 0 (e) 130 o 0\ - ---I.----- --- - ---- - - ----

Co. CORK (21)Schools) : 3 - 1 -- (a) 91 o 0 (e) 102 00andon, The Grammar School , , 13 -

6 14 2 8 2 (a) 361 o 0 (b) 44 o 0lackrock, Ursuline Convent . , 43 (d) 10 o 0 (e) 500 o 0

I

C

C

C

E

E

E

E

E

B

(K).-TABLE SHOWING NUMBER OF RECOGNISED PUPILS, CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION RESULTS AND AMOU T OF GRANTS.-Continued.

NUMBER OF PUPILS ON AMOUl<oT OF GRANTS PAtD:(11) Capitation Grant.

WHOMCAPITATIONGRANT EXAMINATIONRESULTS (b) Laboratory Grant.WASPAIl) (c) Grant for Irish and Bilingual

--. --- Schools.(d) Bonus for Choirs and/orName of School Junior Senior Number Presented Number Passed Orchestras.

'- (e) Incremental Salary.Inter Leaving Inter Leaving (f) SJ~~~~1,!~~~:a~~~~n~~~!~a\~~

Certificate Certificate Certificate Certificate than .~200. (Rule 17, 1930·~J.)

1930-31 1930-31 1931 1931 1931 1931 1930-31

Co. CORK(26 Schools)-Contd. £ s. d. £ s. d.Buttevant, Convent of Mercy .. 31 7 4 4 4 4 (a) 287 o 0 (b) 56 o 0

(e) 290 o 0

Castiemartyr, Sgoil Baltachais na 29 10 6 - 6 - (a) 291 o 0 (e) 36 o 0gCarmeiteach nDibhrigach.

Charleville, Christian Brothers' 96 14 16 5 11 3 (a) 799 10 0 (b) 83 o 0Schools. (e) 396 o 0

Charleville, Convent of Mercy .. 73 5 8 1 4 1 (a) 554 10 0 (b) 118 10 0(e) 490 o 0

Cobh, Convent of Mercy .. 48 6 6 1 5 - (a) 396 o 0 (b) 50 o 0(e) 320 o 0

Cobh,Presentation Brothers' College 40 , 8 - 7 - (a) 319 o 0 (b) 25 o 0..(e) 453 0 0

Doneraile, Sgoil na mBrathar .. 45 - 13 - 12 - (a) 315 o 0 (b) 52 15 0(e) 234 o 0

Fermoy, Sg6il na mBrathar .. 77 3 9 1 9 1 (a) 560 o 0 (b) 68 7 0(e) 300 o 0

Fermoy. Loreto Convent .. 96 21 21 6 17 4 (a) 873 o 0 (b) 123 4 0(e) 690 o 0

•.....wC/)

11 (a) 1153 0 0 (b) 1)9 620 27 (e) 1176 o 0

104 43 39 (c) 38 19 0Fermoy, Colaiste Cho1main

(a) 259 o 0

Kanturk, Convent of Mercy 37 2 (a) 445 o 0 (b) 49 105 2 5 (e) 240 o 0

Macroom, Convent of Mercy 55 6

(a) 401 o 0 (b) 25 o 06 2

9 7 2 (e) 428 o 0Mallow,Acadaimh Phadraig 45

(a) 484 o 0 (b) 83 8 013 5

8 13 5 (e) 534 o 0Midleton, Christian Brothers' Schools 58

(a) 260 o 0 (b) 36 o 03

36 6 (e) 129 10 0Midleton College

(a) 391 o 0 (e) 430 o 03

55 325 o 0Midleton, St. Mary's High School .. :1 (a) 429 o 0 (b)

8 :1 7 (e) 120 o 0Millstreet, Drishane Convent 48 10 •.....

(a) 532 10 0 (b) 85 1 0 w10 3 <D

6 15 4 (e) 459 0 0Mitcbelstown, Sgoil na mBrathar 68

(a) 650 o 0 (e) 548 o 010

Rochestown, Capuchin Franciscan65 20 13

College(a) 160 10 0 (e) 230 o 0

Skibbereen, Collegiate School 23(a) 151 o 0 (e) 210 o 0

Skibbereen, Intermediate and 417University School

(a) 255 o 0 (e) 190 o 011 7

Skibbereen, St. Teresa's School 35(a) 616 o 0 (b) 88 7 0

7 46 7 4 (e) 599 o 0

Youghal, Christian Brothers' Schools 80

(K).-TABLE SHOWING NUMBER OF RECOGNISED PUPILS, CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION RESULTS AND AYIOUNT OF GRANTS.-Continued.

I NUMBER OF PUPILS ONWHOM CAPITATION GRANT EXAMINATION RESULTSI WAS P_A_I_D I , _

Junior /'_._S __en_i_o_r__ I N_u_m_b_e_r_p,_re_s_e_n_te_dI

N_u_m_b_e.rl_P_a_ss_e_d1

Inter Leaving Inter LeavingCertificate Certificate Certificate Certificate

'--1-93-0--3-1- '--19-3-0--3-,--1--1-9-3-,--1'-'93-'-- ---1-9-3-'--1--.-1-9-3'--1-.----'9-3-0-_3.\'----

---------------1·------ .----- _1 . ,__ .__.__ .----- _

Name of School

CO. CORK (26 Schools)-Conld.Youghal, Loreto Convent .. 31

AMOUNT OF GRANTS PAID:(a) Capitation Grant.(b) Laboratory Grant.(e) Grant for Irish and Hilingun l

Schools.(d) Bonus for Choirs and 'or

Orchestras.(e) Incremental Salary.(f) Special increase of Capitation

Grant where amount was lessthan MQO. (Rnle 17, 1930·31.)

5

£ s. d. £ s. d.

(a) 215 0 0(e) 200 0 0

....-(b) 25 0 0 :!3

CO. BOROUGH OF CORK (10 Schools)Christian Brothers' College, St.

Patrick's Place . . . .

1------- 1 . _

105(b) 135 2 0

Christian Brothers' Schools, OurLady's Mount . . . .

Christian Brothers'Sullivan's Quay

Schools,

Grammar School and Girls' HighSchool ....

Presentation Brothers' College,l Western Road . . : :

25 29 8 25 7 (a) 979 0 0(e) 842 0 0

30' 66 49 27 45 22 (a)2739 0 0(c) 61 4 0(e) 1806 0 0

(b) 272 0 0(d) 10 0 0

103 12 17. (a) 71:l 0 0(e) 438 0 0

(b) 68 0 0

62 7 12 2 2 (a) 502 10 0(d) 15 0 0

(b) 66 2 0(e) 598 0 0

172 42 58 9 4R 7 (a) 1610 10 0 (b) 154 0 0(e) 1371 () 0

8 (; II 4 a -•• I 66 1 IS(d) 10 o 0 (e) 480 o 0

12 17 9 (a) 1368 0 0 (b) 118 16 0. Marie's of 153 31 18(e) 1089 8 9

5 - (a) 525 o 0 (b) 86 o 068 6 10 --(e) 600 o 0.. ..

15 12 14 (a) 750 o (I (f) SS7 o 061 33 13.. ..

18 - (a) 296 o 0 (b) 45 o 018 --ilton .. 43 -(e) 48 o 0

._-_. .------- ._--Is) : ...•..

- - (a) 331 o 0 (e) 36 o 03 4 -liege .. 43

3 I - (a) 138 o 001 '9 1 --..6 - (a) :l7R o 0 (bl 50 0 0tute 52 2 8 -

(c) 17 18 0 (e) '70 0 0..

3 7 3 (a) 37-l o 0 (h) '17 o 0oreto 38 11 7(c) R 15 n (d) 5 10 0..(e) 300 () 0

16 19 14 (a) 535 100 (b) 34 o 0s College 38 27 21(c) 7 o 0 (e) 348 o 0

I - (a) 3'0 10 0 (b) 44 o 045 - 4 -(e) 104 o 0.. ..

- - (a) 180 o 0 (b) 30 o 026 -, 2 -.. ---_._- ------------ ._---_._- --------- --------s) :

9 10 6 (a) 724 o 0 (b) 95 l(i 023 15ent .. 72(d) 22 o 0 (e) 720 0.0

5 -- (a) 378 o 0 (b) 61 12s'School 54 - 11 -(d) 10. o 0 (e) 400 0I

St. Aloysius' School, Stthe Isle.

St. Angola's College

St. Fin barr' s College

St. josepli's College, W

Co. DONEGAL (7 SchooBallybofey, The Finn Co

Donegal, Secondary Scho

Glenties, McDevitt Insti

Letterkenny, CIochar L

Letterkenny, St. Eunan'

Lifford, Prior School

Raphoe, Royal School

Co. DUBl IN (32 SchoolBalbriggan, Loreto Conv

BaIlsbridge, Masonic Girl

( ) 608 0 0 (b) 1"1 10 0

oo

(K).-TABLE SHOWING NUMBER OF RECOGNISED PUPILS, CERTIFICATE EXA\HNATlON RESULTS AND AMOUNT OF GRANTS.-·Continued.

Tu~mER OF PUPILS ON A1>IOUNT OF GRANTS PAlD:(a) Capitation Grant.

WHOM CAPITATION GRANT EXAI\JINATION RESULTS (b) Laboratory Grant.\\'AS PAID (c) Grant for Jrish and l~ilill~"lal

------ -------- Schools.(d) Bonus for Choirs and/or

Name of School Junior Senior Number Presented Number Passed Prchestras., (e) Increruen ta l Salary.Inter Leaving Inter Leaving (f) Special iru rcase of Cap.tatiou

Grant where amount was lessCertificate Certifica te Certificate Certificate than £200. (Hule 17, 193(1-31).

-1930-31 1930-31 1931 1931 1931 1931 1930-31

.._----Co. DUBLIN (32 Schools)-Contd. £ s. d. £ s. d.

Rathfarnharn, St. Columba's College 39 29 12 9 1 7 (a) 556 lO 0 (b) 92 0(e) 645 o 0

Rathfarnham, Sgoil Eanna .. 28 4 5 2 - (a) 236 o 0 (c) 2 o 0(e) 460 o 0

Rathgar, Norfolk College · . 23 - 2 - 1 - (a) 161 o 0 (b) 27 10 0(e) 170 o 0

Rathmines, Clochar Lughaidh .. 62 16 22 5 11 1 (a) 585 o 0 (b) 119 10 0(c) 11 4 0 (d) 15 o 0(e) 510 o 0

Rathmines, St. Mary's College · . 58 10 7 2 7 1 (a) 502 o 0 (e) 625

Skerries, Holy Faith Convent · . 17 6 - - - - (a) 175 o 0 (b) 17 o 0'e) 210 o 0

Sutton, St. Dominic's High School 10 2 4 - 4 -- (a) 90 o 0 (e) 90 o 0

Terenure, Tenenure College · . 61 11 8 4 3 3 (a) 530 o 0 (b) 57 o 0------ (e) 483 o 0

Co. BOROUGH OF DUBLIN(37 Schools)

I I15

Alexandra College .. · . 82 31 - 17 - (a) 1019 10 0 (b) 22 o 0(d) 10 10 0 (e) 740 o 0

Alexandra School 189 12 5 (a)1291 10 0 (b) 75 00(d) 15 o 0 (e) 1160 0 0

Belvedere College 234 98 44 37 34 26 (a) 2609 0 0 (b) 172 16 0

Bertrand Intermediate School,(e) 2258 0 0

Eccles Street 42 12 5 (a) 303 10 0 (b) 38 o 0(d) 7 o 0 (e) 160 o 0

Catholic University School 87 7 17 3 6 2 (a) 679 o 0 (e) 774 o 0

Christian Brothers' Schools.J ames' Street. 109 8 9 4 8 2 (a) 834 o 0 (b) 87 o 0

(c) 8 I1 0 (e) 708 o 0

Christian Brothers' Schools, Marino 91 17 16 (a) 613 10 0 (b) 69 100(c) 61 7 0 (e) 404 3 0

Christian Brothers' Schools, NorthBrunswick Street 92 12 12 10 (a) 748 o 0 (b) 82 16 0

(e) 381 o 0

Christian Brothers' Schools, St.•....•,j:o.

Mary's Place 72 12 10 (a) 500 10 0 (e) 510 o 0CJl

C,\l"\i'&t'l.an. "Bl:o'tb.el:$ 'Scb.oo\'S, 'SyngeStreet 354 83 91 37 72 31 (a)3283 o 0 (b) 309 o 0

(e)i.745 16 7

Christian Brothers' Schools,Westland Row lR7 13 25 4 22 3 (a) 1425 10 0 (b) 60 o 0

(c) 18 18 6 (e) 670 10 0

Convent of the Sacred Heart,Lower Leeson Street 29 7 (a) 270 00 (e) 323 17 8

Diocesan School. Adelaide Road 58 7 (a) 397 o 0 (b) 32 o 0(d) 10 o 0 (e) 420 o 0

t'" Diocesan School Molesworth Street 52 4 (a) 362 o 0 (b) 47 0.0(e) 286 o 0

(K.)-TABLE SHOWING UMBER OF RECOGNISED PUPILS, CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION RESULTS AND AMOUNT OF GRANTS.-Continued.

H

NUMBER OF PUPILS ON

IAMOUNT OF GRANTS PAID:

(a) Catitation Grant.WHOM CAPITATION GRANT EXAMINATION RESULTS fb) La oratory Grant.

WAS PAID c) Grant for Irish and Bilingual- -- Schools.

(d) Bonus for Choirs and/orName of School Junior Senior Number Presented Number Passed Orchestras.

(c) Incremental Salary.Inter Leaving Inter Leaving (f) SC;:~~l\!~~~:a~~~~n?!!~a\~~

Certificate Certificate Certificate Certificate than £200. (Rnle 17, 1930-31.)

1930-31 1930-31 1931 1931 1931 1931 1930-31Co. BOROUGH OF DUBLIN (37 £ s. d. £ s. d.

Schools)-Contd.ominican College, Eccles Street .. 295 50 61 8 27 7 (a) 2529 0 0 (b) 152 o 0

(d) 20 o 0 (e) 1874 9 1goil Chaitrlona, Dominican College, 98 20 21 4 16 4 (a) 859 o 0 (b) 33 o 0

Eccles Street. (c) 214 15 0 (d) 10 o 0(e) 620 o 0

oly Faith Convent, Clarendon 59 4 4 2 1 2 (a) 448 o 0 (b) 39 16 0Street. (d) 10 o 0 (e) 480 o 0oly Faith Convent, Dominick 91 7 6 2 6 2 (a) 707 o 0 (b) 43 o 0Street. (c) 14 14 0 (d) 10 o 0

(e) 480 o 0oly Faith Convent, 117, The 33 - 9 - 2 - (a) 231 o 0 (d) 5 o 0Coombe. (e) 290 o 0oly Faith Convent, Clontarf .. 64 12 10 6 6 5 (a) 567 o 0 (b) 31 o 0

(d) 10 o 0 (e) 450 o 0oly Faith Convent, Glasnevin .. 55 13 10 1 G 1 (a) 510 o 0 (b) 60 o 0

(d) 10 o 0 (e) 240 0 0Kenmare College, 10-11 Gardiner's 32 4 3 - 2 - (a) 255 o 0 (d) 7 o 0

Place. (e) 260 o 0

D

S

H

H

H

H

King's Hospital 79 26 14 3 10 2 (a) 811 o 0 (b) 82 o 0(e) 484 o 0

Loreto College, St. Stephen's Green 221 83 38 30 27 21 (a) 2335 0 0 (b) 141 o 0(c) 21 8 0 (d) 25 10 0(e) 1030 0 0

Loreto College, Crumlin Road 14 (a) 97 o 0 (e) 110 o 0

Loreto College, North Great 91 10 13 3 12 3 (a) 728 o 0 (b) 92 o 0George's Street. (d) 14 o 0 (e) 690 o 0

Mount joy School 107 70 26 22 11 15 (a) 1441 0 0 (b) 83 o 0(e) 1123 o 0

O'Brien Institute, Fairview 33 5 5 (a) 221 o 0 (b) 22 o 0(d) 3 o 0 (e) 195 o 0

O'Connell School, North Richmond 418 124 132 70 98 59 (a) 4122 0 0 (b) 456 16 0Street. (e) 2407 5 0

Rutland High School 65 10 9 3 3 2 (a) 537 10 0 (b) 77 o 0(e) 394 18 9 ....

.".-..JSt. Andrew's College 91 19 12 5 (a) 815 o 0 (b) 110 o 0

(e) 1129 o 0St. Patrick's Cathedral School 14 (a) 97 10 0 (e) 48 o 0St. Stephen's Green School 14 3 (a) 126 o 0 (e) 335 00

St. Vincent's Orphanage, Glasnevin 95 7 19 19 (a) 726 o 0 (b) 91 6 0(e) 606 o 0

The High School 117 33 15 5 4 4 (a)1131 10 0 (b) 153 10 0(e) 1590 0 0

Wesley College 268 36 28 12 14 10 (a)2214 0 0 (b) 233 6 0(d) 10 0 0 (e) 1385 13 0

\I<:).-TABLE SHOWING NUMBER OF RECOGNISED PUPILS, CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION RESULTS AND AMOUNT OF GRANTS.-Continued.

NUMBER OF PUPILS ON AMOUNT OF GRANTS P'\ID:

WHOM CAPITATION GRANT EXAMINATION RESULTS(a) Capitation Grant.~b) Laboratory Grant.

WAS PAID c) Grant for Irish and Bilingual

I- Schools.

Name of School Junior Senior umber Presented Number Passed(d) Bonus for Choirs and/or

Orchestras.(e) Incremental Salary.

Inter Leaving Inter Leaving (f) SC:~~~1~~~~~a~em~~nf~~~\~~Certificate Certificate Certificate Certificate than £200. (Rule 17, 1930-31.)

1930-31 1930-31 1931 1931 1931 1931 1930-31£ s. d. £ s. d.

CO. GALWAY (13 Schools) : •...Ballinasloe, Clochar na Tr6caire · . 29 3 4 - 3 - (a) 233 o 0 (c) 58 5 0 ~

(e) 80 o 0Ballinasloe, St. J oseph's College .. 97 40 40 15 32 12 (a)10n 10 0 (b) 34 o 0

(c) 37 8 6 (e) 929 o 0

Galway, Dominican Convent · . 91 22 10 1 7 1 (a) 856 10 0 (b) 79 o 0(c) 29 14 6 (d) 12 o 0(e) 730 o 0

Galway, Grammar School · . 22 3 8 2 3 2 (a) 182 o 0 (b) 31 o 0(e) 370 o 0

Galway, St. Ignatius College 42 .(a) 294 o 0 (b) 31 o 0· . - - - - -(c) 10 3 0 (8) 192 o 0

Galway, St. Joseph's Seminary .. 95 18 18 5 8 3 (a) 839 10 0 (c) 19 2 6(e) 428 0 0

Galway, Colaiste Muire .. 56 33 6 11 6 6 (a) 710 o 0 (b) 14 o 0(c) 8 8 0 (e) 382 o 0

-- -._,,, ,-----=-I=

K

35 10 10 2 . 9 ainvara, Clochar na Tr6caire · . (c) 110 o 0

1 6 1 (a) 467 o 0 (c) 116 15 0ughrea, Convent of l\Iercy · . 57 7 6 (c) 160 o 0

11 4 7 (a) 675 0 0 (b) 48 o 0uam, Sgoil' na m Brathar · . 70 19 11 (c) 67 10 0 (e) 506 II 8

17 21 4 13 3 (a) 919 o 0 (c) 229 15 0uam, Sgoil Brighde . . · . 108 (d) 7 o 0 (e) 300 0 0

7 19 5 (a) 899 10 0 (cl 4 19 6uam, Presentation Convent .. 103 18 22 (d) 13 0 0 (e) 440 o 0

17 30 10 (a) 1356 10 0 (b) 104 o 0uam, St. Jarlath's College · . 128 47 36 (c) 6 0 0 (e) 928 o 0

.eo. KERRY (9 Schools) : 29 4 03 1 2 (a) 292 o 0 (c)hirciveen, Sgoil na m Brathar · . 26 11 5 (e) 82 6 6

L 6 - (a) 465 o 0 (b) 28 o 0ingle, Sgoil na mBrathar 60 5 8 - (c) 116 5 0 (e) 231 o 0· .

. 10 6 (a) 731 o 0 (b) 34 o 0illarney, Loreto Convent 71 24 14 10

(c) 24 3 0 (d) 7 o 0· -(e) 360 0 0

18 22 10 (a)1208 10 0 (b) 48 o 0illarney, Colaiste Bhreanainn · . 100 51 28 (c) 662 0 0

4 1 2 (a) 426 o 0 (c) 5 5 0illorglin, Intermediate School · . 48 9 10 (e) 245 o 0

3 8 1 (a) 1294 o 0 (e) 823 o 0istowel, St. Michael's College 152 24 21..

23 38 19 (a) 2264 10 0 (b) 152 0 0251 53 49 1041 3 10ralee, Sgoil na m Brathar .. (c) 20 3 0 (e)

2 ( ) 343 0 0 ,c) 85 15 0K

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K

L

T

K).-TABLE SHOWING NUMBER OF RECOGNISED PUPILS, CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION RESULTS AND AMOUNT- OF GRANTS.-Continued.

NUMBER OF PUPILS ON AMOUNT OF GRANTS PAID:

WHOM CAPITATION GRANT EXAMINATION RESULTS (a) Capitation Grant.(b) Laboratory Grant.WAS PAID (c) Grant for Irish and Bilingual

Schools.Name of School Junior Senior Number Presented Number Passed (d) Bonus for Choirs and/or

Orcbestras.------ (c) Incremental Salary.Inter Leaving Inter Leaving (f) SG:~~~I~h~~:a~~~~nf~~!~a\~~~Certificate Certificate Certificate Certificate than £200. (Rule 17. 1930·31.)

1930-31 1930-31 1931 1931 .1931 1931 1930-31£ s. d. £ s. d.Co. KERRY (9 Schools)-Contd.

Tralee, Clochar na Toirbhirte .. 38 12 6 5 5 3 (a) 383 o 0 (b) 47 o 0(c) 19 3 0 (e) 230 o 0

Tralee, The Jeffers' Institute .. 78 16 2 1 - 1 (a) 693 10 0 (b) 40 o 0(e) 660 o 0

Co. KILDARE (7 Schools) :

Athy, Sgoil na m Brathar .. 73 7 5 3 4 3 (a) 577 o 0 (b) 68 4 0(c) 11 8 0 (e) 345 00

Celbridge, Collegiate School .. 75 11 14 7 9 6 (a) 621 o 0 (d) 10 o 0(e) 508 15 10

Droichead Nua, St. Thomas of Aquin 78 13 7 2 6 2 (a) 663 00 (e) 842 3 7College.

Kilcullen, Colaiste na Croise agus 43 8 9 5 6 5 (a) 375 o 0 (b) 34 00na Paise. (c) 93 15 0 (e) 240 00Kildare, St. Joseph's Academy .. 34 2 6 1 2 1 (a) 252 o 0 (e) 450 o 0

•...CJ1o

Naas, Sgoil na rn Brathar 44 10 1 4 1 3 (a) 400 o 0 (b) 15 8..(e) 360 o 0

Sallins, Clongowes Wood College 176 65 41 19 33 16 (a) 1874 0 .0 (b) 195 12(e) 1564 0 0

Co. KILKENNY (6 Schools) :

Callan, Sgoil na m Brathar 41 4 7 2 1 2 (a) 326 10 0 (b) 39 0.,(c) 9 13 6 (e) 360 0

Goresbridge, Clochar Brighde 17 1 2 1 2 1 (a) 129 o 0 (b) 45 12..(d) 3 o 0 (e) 230 0

Kilkenny Christian Bothers' Schools 99 15 12 7 9 6 (a) 837 10 0 (b) 84 0(c) 7 10 0 (e) 588 0

Kilkenny College 75 - 14 - 11 - (a) 521 o 0 (b) 66 0.. ..(e) 257 o 0

Kilkenny, Loreto Convent 89 22 14 8 12 8 (a) 834 o 0 (b) 91 6..(d) 15 10 0 (e) 550 0

Kilkenny, St. Kierau's College 136 23 27 7 19 7 (a) 1167 o 0 (e) 943 0

Co. LEITRIM (1 School) :

Carrick-on-Shannon, Clochar Muire 48 6 8 2 8 1 (a) 394 10 0 (c) 98 12(e) 450 o 0 -

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G

(K).-TABLE SHOWING NUMBER OF RECOGNISED PUPILS, CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION RESULTS AND AMOUNT OF GRANTS.-Continned.

NUMBER OF PUPILS ON AMOUNT OF GRANTS PAID:

WHOM CAPITATION GRANT EXAMINATION RESULTS(a) Capitation Grant.(b) Laboratory Grant.

WAS PAID (c) Grant for Irish and Bilingu- Schools.

(d) Bonus for Choirs and/oName of School Junior Senior Number Presented Number Passed Orchestras.(el Incremental Salary.Inter Leaving Inter Leaving (f ~ecial increase of Capitatio

rant where amount was lesCertificate Certificate Certificate Certificate than £200. (Rule 17, 1930-31.)

1930-31 1930-31 1931 1931 1931 1931 1930-31LEIX (7 Schools) : £ s. d. £ s. d.

Abbeyleix Brigidine Convent · . 31 6 4 4 2 - (a) 298 o 0 (b) 25 o 0(c) 3 3 0 (d) 7 o 0(e) 220 o 0

Abbeyleix Preston School · . 23 - 3 - - - (a) 155 o 0 (e) 155 o 0Castletown De La Salle School · . 52 - 14 - 10 - (a) 361 o 0 (c) 18 1 0

(e) 190 19 1Mountmellick Clochar na Toirbheirte 86 25 27 4 21 4 (a) 851 10 0 (b) 87 o 0

(c) 212 17 6 (d) 17 o 0(e) 120 o 0

Mountrath Clochar Bhrighde · . 65 12 11 5 8 - (a) 571 o 0 (b) 81 o 0(c) 15 11 0 (d) 7 o 0(e) 460 o 0

Mountrath Patrician Brothers' 61 25 13 22 3 12 (a) 677 o 0 (e) 498 7 3College.

Portlaoiahise Christian Brothers' 56 8 12 2 9 2 (a) 460 o 0 (b) 99 11 0Schools. (d) 3 o 0 (c) 801 o 0Co. LIMERICK (7 Schools) :

Bruff St. Mary's Convent .. 54 10 13 6 6 4 (a) 476 o 0 (b) 91 12 0(c) 470 o 0

al

ns

M

I 11 - (a) 459 o 0 (e) 453 o 057 6 12 3

oon, Sgoil na mBra.thar · .(a) 244 o 0 (e) 165 00- -

a1bally, Intermediate School 35 - - _...

(a) 287 o 0 (b) 45 o 05 - 4 o 0ospital. Presentation Convent 41 - (e) 240· . -

2 - (a) 77 o 0 (e) 210 o 05 -

{ilfinane, St. Andrew's Secondary 11 -School.

(a) 402 o 0 (c) 19 12 09 2 9 -

\:ilfinane, 5t. Paul's Secondary 46 8 (e) 80 o 0School.

(a) 440 o 0 (c) 44 o 09 -Sgoil 63 - 13 - (e) 230 o 0athkeale, An Mhean · .

Io. BOROUGH OF LIMERICK

(a) 3248 0 0 (b) 270 o 0(9 Schools) : 47 25 39 15

hristian Brothers' Schools · . 400 46 (e) 2193 0 10

5 2 (a) 583 o 0 (b) 68 o 062 16 15 4 (e) 678 o 0acred Heart College · .

(a) 166 o 0 (e) 120 o 02 - - -

igh School, The Crescent 24 --· .(a) 798 o 0 (b) 52 o 08 -105 7 8 - (d) 13 o 0 (e) 760 o 0

aurel Hill Convent · . · .- (a) 121 o 0 (e) 240 o 0

- -16 1 -adamc de Prins' College ..4 9 3 (a) 311 o 0

Iount St. Alphonsus 33 8 11· . · .(a) 918 o 0 (e) 479 o 79 11 5

98 24 18ungret College · . · .

(a) 678 o 0 (e) 568 127 8 559 27 12St. Munchin's College · . ..

- (a) 172 o 0 (e) 180 0VilIiers Endowed School · . 25

7

D

G

H

R

C

C

5

H

L

M

1\

o

(K).-TABLE SHOWING NUMBER OF RECOGNISED PUPILS, CERTIFICATE EXAMI ATION RESULTS AND AMOUNT OF GRANTS.--Continued.

NUMBER OF PUPILS ON IWMOUNT OF GRANTS PAID:

(a) Capitation Grant.WHOM CAPITATION GRANT EXAMINATION RESULTS (b) Laboratory Grant.

WAS PAID (c) Grant for Irish and Bilingual

- Schools.(d) Bonus for Choirs and/or

Name of School Junior Senior Number Presented Number Passed Orchestras.le) Incremental Salary.

Inter Leaving Inter Leaving (f) SC;~~1 J~~:a~~o~fnf~!~a\~~~Certificate Certificate Certificate Certificate than £200. (Rule 17, 1930-31).

1930-31 1930-31 1931 1931 1931 1931 1930-31Co. LONGFORD (3 Schools): e s. d. £ s. d.

Ballaymahon, Clochar na Tr6caire 33 2 3 - 3 - (a) 246 o 0 (b) 36 o 0(c) 24 12 0 (d) 10 o 0(e) 60 o 0

Longford, Convent of Mercy .. 49 4 7 2 5 2 (a) 383 o 0 (c) 13 6 0(e) 170 o 0

Longford, St. Mel's College .. 105 26 24 9 22 6 (a) 990 o 0 (e) 1026 o 0

Co. LOUTH (7 Schools) :Drogheda, Sgoil na m Brathar .. 102 14 13 9 12 9 (a) 844 o 0 (b) 83 12 0

(e) 750 o 0Drogheda, Grammar School .. 28 3 - - - - (a) 224 o 0 (b) 39 o 0

(e) 135 o 0Drogheda, St. Philomena's High 29 5 4 - 4 - (a) 252 o 0 (e) 180 o 0

School, Presentation Convent.

Dundalk, Sgoil na mBrathar .. 127 23 25 8 23 7 (a) 1104 10 0 (b) 13 o 0(c) 110 9 0 (e) 773 o 0

Dundalk, Grammar School ., 58 3 6 - 5 - (a) 431 o 0 (b) 61 o 0(d) 5 o 0 (e) 231 o 0

D

10 2 8 2 (a) 543 o 0 (b) 133 4 0undalk, Clochar na Tr6caire · . 68 7 (e) 3 10 0 (e) 420 o 0

16 4 9 2 (a) 724 o 0 (b) 52 o 0undalk, St. Mary's College · . 92 9 (e) 1175 0 0

-

Co. MAYO (13 Schools) : · . 15 6 14 . 6 (a) 516 10 0 (b) 63 o 0BaJla, Clochar Naomh Lughaidh 57 12 (c) 129 2 6 (d) 16 o 0

(e) 230 0 0

5 3 3 3 (a) 308 o 0 (e) 180 o 0BalJina, Our Lady's Intermediate 32 9

School, Convent of Mercy. 14 4 7 3 (a) 562 0 0 (e) 599 0 0*Ballina, St. I\Iuredach's College 67 10

10 4 7 3 (a) 487 o 0 (c) 121 15 0Ballinrobe, S50il na m Brathar , . 54 11 (e) 240 o 0

6 2 4 1 (a) 254 o 0 (c) 4 18 0Ballinrobe, Convent of Mercy .. 32 3 (e) 110 o 0

18 12 13 11 (a) 938 o 0 (b) 52 o 0Castlebar, Clochar na Tr6caire 104 21 (c) 234 10 0 (d) 7 o 0

I(e) 170 0 0

II

(a) 601 o 0 (b) 72 12 012 7 7 7Castlebar, Colaiste Gear6id Naomtha 62 17 (c) 60 2 0 (e) 355 10 0

4 - (a) 544 o 0 (c) 10 3 0Crossmolina, Convent of Jesus and 62 11 4 -

(d) 5 o 0 (e) 180 o 0Mary, Gortnor Abbey.

34 10 32 8 (a) 1117 0 0 (b) 165 o 0Kiltimagh, Clochar Lughaidh 118 30 (c) 279 5 0 (d) 16 o 0

Naomtha. (e) 862 8 3

2 1 - (a) 153 10 0 (c) 38 7 6Louisburgh, Convent of Mercy 22 - -

(e) 150 0 0..

of arrears of increment for previous years due to one teacher.

>-'(J1(J1

D

* £100 of this amount was m respect

(K).-TABLE SHOWING NUMBER OF RFCOGNISED PUPILS, CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION RESULTS AND AMOUNT OF GRANTS.-Continued.

NUMBER OF PUPILS ON AMOUNT OF GRANTS PAID:(a) Ca~tion Grant.WHOMCAPITATION GRANT EXAMINATION RESULTS (b) La ratory Grant.WAS PAID(c) Grant for Irish and Bilingua

- Schools.(d) Bonus for Choirs and/oName of School Junior Senior Number Presented Number Passed Orchestras.,(e) Incremental Salary.

Inter Leaving Inter Leaving (f) SC:~~~l,~,~~~:a~~~~n~~!~are~Certificate Certificate Certificate Certificate than £200 . (Rule 17, 1930·31.)._-----1930-31 1930-31 1931 1931 1931 1931 1930-31

£ s. d. £ s. d.CO. MAYO (13 Schools)--Contd.

Swinford, Convent of Mercy · . 95 13 18 4 18 2 (a) 792 o 0 (c) 79 4 0(e) 670 o 0

Westport, Sgoil na rnBra thar · . 83 7 17 3 5 2 (a) 646 o 0 (b) 31 00(c) 161 10 0 (e) 456 o 0

Westport, Sgoil na Choirdhe 32 7 3 2 3 1 (a) 293 o 0 (c) 73 5 0Naornh tha.(d) 5 o 0 (e) 30 o 0

.._----- ------ --- -- -- ------Co. :\IEATH (7 Schools) · .An Uairnh, Clochar na Trocai re .. 76 12 17 11 9 5 (a) 650 o 0 (b) 34 o 0(c) 65 o 0 (e) 70 o 0

An Uairnh, Loreto Convent .. 76 30 26 14 18 14 (a) 824 o 0 (b) 115 o 0(c) 14 5 0 (d) 20 10 0(e) 685 o 0

An Uaimh, Preston School · . 18 1 1 -- I - (a) 136 o 0 (e) 138 o 0An Uaimh, St. Patrick's Classical 17 1 -- - - - (a) 125 o 0School.Kells, Sgoil na m Bra.thar · . 63 5 6 - 4 - (a) 491 o 0 (b) 53 8 0

(c) 22 1 0 (e) 423 66

nS

(a) 339 o 0 (e) 50 o 04 437 8Kells, Convent Secondary School(a) 232 o 0

Oldcastle, Gilson Endowed School 32

(a) 212 o 0 (e) 204 o 0Co. MONAGHAN (8 Schools): , 426 3 4Carrickmacross, Patrician BrothersHigh School.

22 (a)1433 o 0 (b) 312 o 046 49 27 40(c) 358 5 0 (d) 25 o 0Carrickmacross, Clochar Lughaidh 140(e) 820 o 0(a) 103 o 0 (b) 21 o 0

Carrickmacross, Viscount \\"eymollth 9 4 2(e) 160 o 0

Grammar School.2 (a) 353 o 0 (1)) 20 006 o 08 6 2

(c) 88 5 0 (p) 80Castleblayney, Clochar na Trocairc 39

(a) 315 o 0 (b) 41 0040 4 2 2

(e) 323 o 0Clones, High School

(b) 41 o 0 0;6 2 (a) 444 o 0 00"-18 10 5(c) 44 8 0 (e) 330Monaghan, Sgoil na m Brathar 53

(a)1599 10 0 (b) 381 2 049 28 058 66 32(c) 399 17 6 (d) 25 10Monaghan, Clochar Lugha.idh 146(e) 790 0 0

4 (a) 731 o 0 (v) 100 2 015 17 4 17

(e) 420 o 0Monaghan, St. Macarteu's Seminary 83-- ------ ------._-----

(a) 161 o 0 (e) 240 o 0OFFALY (6 Schools) : 23 3o 0

Banagher, La Sainte Union Convent(a) 431 o 0 (b) 524 3 4

Portarlington, Sgoil na m Brathar 43 13 3(e) 246 o 0

(b) 202 2 014 29 11 (a) 1484 0 0 o 049 36(c) 23 2 0 (d) 10Roscrea, Mount St. J oseph College 143(e) 1196 0 0

(K).-TABLE SHOWL G NillIBER OF RECOGNISED PUPILS, CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION RESULTS AND AMOU T OF GRANTS.-Continued.

NUMBER OF PUPILS ON AMOUNT OF GRANTS PAID:(a) Capitation Grant.

WHOMCAPITATION GRANT EXAMINATIO:-l RESULTS (b) Laboratory Grant.WAS PAID (cl Grant for Irish and Bilingual

I- I --- Schools.

(d) Bonus for Cboirs and.orName of School Junior Senior Number Presented [uruber Passed Orchestras.

(e) Incremental Salary.Inter Leaving Inter Leaving (f) S~lil~l ,,:~l~:a~~o~~f~~~a\~~

Certificate Certificate Certificate Certificate than £200. (Rule 17, 1930-31).

1930-31 1930-31 1931 1931 1931 1931 1930-31£ s. d. £ s. d.

OFFALY (6 Schools)-Contd.Tullamore Convent Secondary School 39 6 7 4 7 4 (a) 331 10 0 (e) 180 o 0Tullarnore, Intermediate School, 11 - - - - - (a) 66 o 0 (e) 120 o 0

Church Street.Tullamore, Colaiste Cuilm Iaomhtha 37 6 5 1 3 I (a) 316 o 0 (e) 510 o 0

------ ------ ------ ------ -Co. ROSCOMMON(3 Schools) :

Ballaghadereen Diocesan College 130 30 33 14 18 - 10 (a) 1207 0 0 (b) (-;96 0(e) 903 o 0

Elphin, Bishop Hodson's Grammar 31 - 6 - I - (a) 217 o 0 (e) 84 o 0School

Roscommon, Immaculate Conception 107 - - - - - (a) 746 o 0 (b) 37 o 0Sec. School. (c) 30 13 0 (e) 70 o 0Co. SLIGO (5 Schools) :

Sligo, Grammar School " 58 - 12 - 10 - (a) 405 10 0 (b) 78 2 0(e) 443 o 0

Sligo, Colaiste Cnoc an tSamhraidh 179 37 39 13 33 10 (a) 1619 10 0 (b) 40 o 0(c) 161 19 0 (e) 816 0 0

Sligo, The High School " 53 20 9 5 8 4 (a) 568 o 0 (b) 142 16 0(d) 12 o 0 (e) 238 12 2

....•en(1)

C

C

24 17 24 15 a25 10141 41

I(c) 346 15 0 (d)

ligo, Clochar na nUrsulach " (e)1070 00

9 2 (a) 579 o 0 (C) 144 167 11 9 2 (d) 8 _10 0 (e) 60

ubercurry. Clochar Mhuire "

Co. TIPPERARY (17 Schools): 11 2 (a) 485 o 0 (b) 632arrick-on-Suir, Sgoil na rnBrathar 65 3 11 (e) 420 14 3

9 3 (a) 499 0 0 (b) 3861 8 14 4 (c) 124 15 0 (d) 17

arrick-on-Suir, Ard Sgoil Clochar (e) 310 0 0na Tr6caire.

- (a) 329 o 0 (e) 294 13 - -

ashel, Christian Brothers' Schools 48 -9 - (a) 381 o 0 (b) 54

1 11 - (c) 18 11 0 (e) 420ashel, Clochar na Toirbheirtc .. 53

54 85 44 (a) 2651 10 0 (b) 244217 118 117 (e) 1601 1 6

ashel, Rockwell College ' ,

10 4 (a) 688 o 0 (b) 6274 19 14 6 . (e) 594 o 0

lonmel, An Ard Sgoil , . "

5 - (a) 324 o 0 (e) 52844 4 7 -

lonmel, Christian Schools, St.(a) 187 o 0 (b) 173 -Mary's. 21 4 7 - (d) 3 10 0 (e) 240

lonmel, Loreto Convent " -2 - (a) 217 o 0 (b) 30 1

4 -Clonmel, Clochar na Toirbheirte . , 31 -

- (a) 209 0 0 (b) 283 -27 2 - (e)174 9 10Fethard, Presentation Convent ' .

( ) 1387 ()() (b) 237 \2 ()os

5 0o 0

T

o 0C

C

o 0o 0

5 0

2 0o 0 en

(!)

o 0

o 0

o 0o 0o 0

6 0

o 0

C

C

C

C

(k).-TABLE SHOWING NUMBER OF RECOGNISED PUPILS, CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION RESULTS AND AMOUNT OF GRA TS.-Continued.

NUMBER OF PUPILS ON AMOUNT OF GRANTS PAID:(a) Capitation Grant.WHOM CAPITATION GRANT EXAMINATION RESULTS (bl Laboratory Grant.WAS PAID(c Grant for Irish and Bilingual

Number Presented--I-------- Schools.

(d) Bonus for Choirs and/orName of School Junior Senior Number Passed Orchestras.(el Incremental Salary.

Inter Leaving Inter Leaving (f) SG;;::~~I,~~~:a~':n~~nf'$!~a\~~~Certificate Certificate Certificate Certifica t~ than £200. (Rule 17, 1930·31.)-----1930-31 1930-31 1931 1931 1931 1931 1930-31

£ s. d. £ s. d.CO. TIPPERARY (17 Schools)-Contd.

Nenagh, Christian Brothers' Schools 94 1 20 1 16 1 (a) 668 o 0 (b) 58 o 0(d) 3 o 0 (e) 614 o 0

Nenagh, St. Mary's Convent School 64 - 10 - 9 _. (a) 447 10 0 (d) 10 o 0(e) 250 o 0

Roscrea, Clochar an ChroidheNaomhtha .. .. . . 44 10 8 4 6 1 (a) 403 o 0 (b) 49 o 0

(c) 2 1 0 (e) 395 o 0Thurles, Christian Brothers' Schools 131 23 23 8 23 8 (a)1l41 10 0 (b) 106 14 0

(c) 40 2 6 (e) 684 o 0Thurles, Clochar na n Ursulach .. 84 13 15 6 11 4 (a) 707 10 0 (b) 61 o 0

(d) 31 o 0 (e) 810 4 4

Tipperary, Christian Brothers' 80 5 17 6 14 4 (a) 604 o 0 (b) 34 o 0Schools.(e) 452 13 9

Tipperary, St. Anne's Convent 74 5 8 2 7 1 (a) 562 o 0 (b) 52 16 0School.(e) 410 o 0

to. WATERFORD (7 Schools) : Iappoquin, Mount Melleray24 18 3 17 2Seminary .. .. .. 96

12 5 5 4 4ungarvan, Sgoil na m Brathar .. 40

42 2 7 1 7 -ungarvan, Clochar na Tr6caire ..

7 - 6 -ungarvan, St. Augustine's 56 -Seminary.

40 14 11 8 8 7ismore, Christian Bros. CollegiateSchool.

38 5 - 5 -ismore, Clochar na T6irbheirte .. -

- - - -Tramore, Christian Brothers' Schools 17 ------

Co. BOROUGH OF WATERFORD(6 Schools) :

46 14 3 1 1 1Bishop Foy School . . ..

24 30 9 27 9Sgoil na mBrathar Cnoc Sion .. 168

73 3 7 - 7 -Clochar Croidhe aomhtha Sraida' Phuirt.

101 7 20 1 15 -Ursuline Convent .. ..

7 26 3 22 3Waterpark College .. .. 66

47 4 4 - 1 -Newtown School ., ..

C(a) 909 0 0(e) 1124 10 0

(a) 399 10 0(c) 6 0 0

(a) 312 10 0(e) 50 0 0

(a) 380 0 0

D

D

D

L (a) 417 0 0(e) 390 0 0

(a) 264 0 0(c) 9 16 0

(a) 119 0 0

L

(a) 461 0 0(e) 486 0 0

(a) 1391 0 0(c) 139 2 0

(a) 538 10 0(c) 14 1 6

(a) 763 10 0(d) 10 0 0

(a) 530 0 0(e) 742 10 0

(a) 367 0 0(d) 10 0 0

(b) 116 o 0

(b) 58 16 0(e) 584 17 2

(c) 31 5 0

(e) 288 o 0

(b) 53 10 0

(b) 49 o 0(e) 30 o 0

(e) 276 o 0 •....en-

(b) 56 o 0

(b) 144 o 0(e) 699 11 8

(b) 64 o 0(e) 440 o 0

(b) 119 2 0(e) 710 2 2

(b) 69 o 0

(b) 74 9 0(e) 212 o 0

(K).-TABLE SHOWING NUMBER OF RECOGNISED PVPILS, CERTIFICATE EXAMI ATION RESULTS AND AMOUNT OF GRA TTS.-Continued. I

M

NUMBER OF PUPILS ON AMOUl'!T OF GRANTf PAID:

WHOMCAPITATION GRANT EXAMINATION RESULTS(a) Capitation Grant.(b) Laboratory Gran!.

WAS PAID (c) Grant for Irish and Bilingual- ---- Schools.

Name of School Junior Senior Number Presented Number Passed(d) Bonus for Choirs and/or

Orchestras.(e) Incremental Salary.

Inter Leaving Inter Leaving (f) SC:~!~l,~~~~:a;~~~n:=~~!~ai~~~Certificate Certificate Certificate Certificate than £200. (R1I1e 17, 1930·31.)

1930-31 1930-31 1931 1931 1931 1931 1930-31-

Co. WESTMEATH (10 Schools) : £ s. d. £ s. d.Athlone, Garrow House School .. 15 1 1 1 1 1 (a) 109 o 0 (b) 14 o 0

(e) 280 o 0Athlone, La Sainte Union Convent 59 14 11 3 11 1 (a) 547 o 0 (b) 17 o 0

(e) 460 o 0Athlone, Ranelagh School .. 52 - 9 - 4 - (a) 351 10 0 (b) 57 4 0

(e) 212 o 0Athlone, St. Mary's Intermediate 70 20 8 3 5 _. (a) 685 o 0 (b) 85 16 0

School. (e) 338 o 0Athlone, Sgoil Peadair Clochar na 55 19 17 4 16 1 (a) 568 o 0 (b) 87 o 0

Tr6caire. (c) 56 16 0 (e) 109 10 2oate, Convent of Mercy , . 34 3 8 1 7 1 (a) 268 o 0 (c) 7 14 0

(e) 310 o 0.ullingar, St. Mary's College .. 79 8 15 2 15 2 (a) 628 o 0 (b) 67 o 0

(e) 516 o 0ullingar, Loreto Convent .. 64 9 17 4 12 3 (a) 531 o 0 (b) 34 o 0

(d) 5 o 0 (e) 585 1 7ullingar, St. Finian's College .. 111 49 19 20 16

I15 (a)1266 10 0 (b) 152 o 0

(e) 954 o 0ultyfarnharn, Franciscan College 47 11 13 - 12 - (a) 438 o 0 (e) 212 o 0

M

M

M

Co. WEXFORD (14 Schools) :9 9 (a) 429 o 0 (b) 114 8 0Bunclody, St. Mary's Convent 49 9

(e) 480 o 0

Enniscorthy, Sgoil na rnBrathar .. 73 5 14 6 .10 2 (a) 561 o 0 (b) 100 10 0(c) 56 2 0 (e) 507 0 0

Enniscorthy, Loreto Convent 23 4 2 (a) 171 o 0 (b) 35 12 0(d) 8 o 0 (e) 240 o 0

Gorey, Sgoil na m Brathar 53 5 9 5 (a) 417 10 0 (e) 378 o 0

Gorey, Loreto Convent 46 10 9 2 2 2 (a) 420 o 0 (b) 78 o 0(d) 20 10 0 (e) 480 o 0

New Ross, Christian Bros. Schools 38 9 9 2 9 2 (a) 351 o 0 (b) 33 o 0(e) 441 o 0

New Ross, Convent of Mercy 37 4 3 (a) 258 o 0 (b) 17 o 0(c) 12 4 0 (e) 330 o 0

•.....

New Ross, Good Counsel College .. 28 4 (a) 192 o 0 Cl'.>w

New Ross, John Ivory School 7 (a) 49 o 0 (b) 8 o 0

Rosbercon, Holy Faith Convent, 25 3 2 2 (a) 205 o 0 (e) 190 o 0Our Lady of Lourdes. 4 13 4 (a) 694 10 0 (b) 78 16 0Wexford, Christian Bros. Schools 89 8 13

(e) 576 o 0

Wexford, Loreto Convent 70 9 15 2 12 2 (a) 575 o 0 (b) 57 6 0(d) 15 15 0 (e) 45~ 15 2

Wexford, St. Peter's College 58 14 11 7 10 7 (a) 546 o 0 (b) 97 7 0(e) 945 o 0

Wexford, The Tate School 44 7 (a) 307 10 0 (b) 72 10 0(e) 96 0 0

(K).-TABLE SHOWING NUMBER OP RECOGNISED PUPILS, CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION RESULTS AND AMOUNT OF GRANTS.-Continued.

Name of School

Co. VVICKLOW (6 Schools) :

Arklow, St. l\Iary's' College,COI1\'ent of Mercy.

Bray, Loreto Convent ..

Bray, Presentation College

Bray, The French School

Wicklow, Dominican Convent

Wicklow Meadhon-Sgoil IosephNaomhtha

--------------------------~--------~-----------------~----------------------------~---------------------

(c) 180 0 0

I NUMBER OF PUPILS ONWHOM CAPITATION GRANT

WAS PAID

AMOUNT OF GRANTS PAID:(a) CapitationGrant.(b) LaboratoryGrant.(c) Grant for Irish and Bilingual_______ 1_________ Schools.

I---- .---------------- (d) Bonusfor Choirs and/or

Junior Senior Number Presented Number Passed Orchestras._____ (e) IncrementalSalary.-------I -I I_ll_te_r__ I__ L.e__=. I_ll_te_r__ +_I_~_ea_v_i_ll~_ _I_-(f-)-S-p-e-ci.a--1_in_c_re_a__se_o_f_c_a_Pitat_ionGrant where amount was less

Certificate Certificate Certificate Certificate than£200. (Rule17. 1930·31.)-------

1931 1931 I------------I------I-------,--------I------i----------------

I 11 _ 11 (.) ,:.

(d) 24I

1930-31

92

11

EXAMINATION RESULTS

12

3

4

1931

10

2

6

5

1931

3

4

(a) 699 0 0(d) 20 0 0

(a) 309 0 0

(a) 263 0 0(c) 231 11 4

((I) 421 0 0(d) 25 0 0

(a) 166 0 0

1930-31

s. d. £ s. d.

1930-31

21

74 19 14

4

9

9

o 0 (b) 117o 0 (c) 740

o 0 a;o 0 ,j>.

40 3

(b) 59 8 0(e) 509 13 3

(c) 548 5 0

(b) 22 0 0

(b) 32 0 0(c) 410 0 0

29 6

45

24

165

(L.J~-EMPLOYMENT OF REGISTERED TEACHERS IN RECOGNISEDSECONDARY SCHOOLS.

Each Secondary School shall normally employ a number of RegisteredTeachers not less than the appropriate minimum number set out in thefollowing Table :-

Number of Recognised PupilsNumber ofRegisteredTeachers

Less than 50More than 49 but not more than 80More than 80 but not more than 110More than 110 but not more than 140More than 140 but not mare than 170

And so on.

12345

And so on

The number' of recognised teachers (i.e., Registered Teachers who satisfycertain conditions) in a Secondary School who may be paid Incremental Salaryby the Department shall normally not exceed the authorised quota as deter-mined in accordance with the following Table :-

Authorised QuotaNumber of Recognised Pupils of Recognised

Teachers------~- ..------~-~---.-----.---------~----.------~---

Less than 15 Not more than 1More than 14 but not more than 30 Not more than 2:More than 30 but not more than 45 Not more than 3More than 45 but not more than 60 Not more than 4More than 60 but not more than 80 Not more tilan 5More than 80 bu t not more than 100 .. Not more than 6More than 100 but not more than 120 Not more than 7~Iore than 120 but not more than 140 -"fat more than 8

And so on. And so on.

APPENDIX VI.VOCATIONAL EDUCATION.

ta) Table showing, for the period 1st August, 1930, to 31st August, 1931, the number of students enrolled in c1asses in Technicai Schools.

NUMBER OF STUDENTS ENROLLED IN CLASSES IN:----

Teachers' ClassesLace, ---T----·

Names of Counties, Number Intro- Science Crochet, 1 OtherCounty Boroughs of ductory Com- Irish (Pure Handi- Domestic Art Embroid- Irish I subjects

and Students Course merce and craft Science eryand (Included in fore-Urban Districts Applied) Sprigging going figures)

1~~ -I-T

COUNTIES: -ICarlow · . .. .. · . 285 - 54 66 - 120 - - -Cavan · . .. · . · . 416 - 173 - 30 91 - - 231 -Clare .. · . .. · . · . No Technical School under County Scheme ICork · . · . · . .. 1,534 - I 173 508 610 397 35 338 - 50 i 35Donegal · . · . · . · . 731 - 221 - 53 227 191 39 - -Dublin .. · . · . · . · . 548 - 18 144 24 72 215 55 20 - i -Galway · . · . .. .. 239 20 52 15 - 52 100 - - - I -Kerry · . · . .. · . 355 - 159 111 96 110 142 - - - i -Kildare · . · . · . · . 348 - 95 35 79 20 94 25 -

5911-

Kilkenny · . · . · . · . 513 - 102 151 51 - 209 - - -Laoighis · . .. · . · . 288 21 95 51 - 21 100 - - - I -Leitrim · . · . · . · . No Technical School under County Scheme. ILimerick .. · . · . .. No Technical School under County Scheme.Longford · . · . · . · . 174 - 57 13 35 24 45 - - - i -Louth .. · . · . · . 599 43 211 19 125 25 127 49 - - I -Mayo .. · . · . · . 702 - 153 223 - 50 246 - 30 - I -Meath .. · . .. · . 431 - 178 94 66 10 109 - - 18 I -Monaghan · . · . · . .. 525 - 258 158 - 28 81 - - - I -Offaly · . .. · . · . 869 48 167 i 253 125 191 169 - - - 1 -Roscommon · . · . · . · . No Technical School under County Scheme. 1Sligo · . · . .. .. No Technical School under County Scheme.

(a) Table showing, for the period 1st August, 1930, to 31st August, 1931, the number of students enrolled in classes in Technical Schools-continued.

I NUMBER OF STUDENTS ENROLLED IN CLASSES IN:----

Teachers' ClassesLace,

Names of Counties, Number Iritro- Science Crochet, I OtherCounty Boroughs of ductory Corn- Irish (Pure Handi- Domestic Art Ernbroid- Irish subjects

and Students Course merce and craft Science erv and (Included in fore-Urban Districts Applied) Sprigging going figures)_._--- ---- ---- ---

Tipperary (N.R.) · . ., · . 315 - 55 19 55 59 127 - - - -Tipperary (S.R.) .. .. · . 857 - 234 65 66 144 307 41 - 10 3Waterford · . .. · . · . 255 21 75 23 - 20 86 - - 12 -Westmeath · . .. · . . . 606 - 169 41 137 95 201 - - - -Wexford .. · . · . · . 666 67 98 147 141 108 176 13 _. - -Wicklow .. .. · . · . 558 - 195 60 206 - 111 50 -- 9 8

COUNTYBOROUGHS:Cork .. .. .. · . · . 2,891 269 472 39 759 41 1,015 211 85 - -Dublin · . · . · . · . 9,178 1,032 2,735 316 2,742 116 2,129 108 - - -Limerick · . · . · . · . 1,076 52 189 200 290 - 220 168 - 13 12Waterford .. .. · . .. 542 - 115 289 162 - 209 64 - 39 -

URBAN DISTRICTS:Bray .. · . .. .. 403 22 129 111 77 - 148 31 - - -Drogheda .. .. . . · . 748 - 146 30 9 76 437 50 - - -Dun Laoghaire · . · . · . 902 25 160 51 129 27 535 - - - -Galway · . · . · . .. 804 84 356 - 189 14 109 52 - - -Sligo .. · . .. · . · . 306 20 104 - 17 22 117 80 - - -Tralee .. ., · . .. .. 544 38 162 117 122 - 105 - - 11 11Wexford · . .. · . · . 441 - 112 62 84 24 106 53 - 32 -

TOTALS · . .. .. 29,649 1,762 7,672 3,542 6,515 2,003 8,212 1,427 135 276 69

19

168(b) TABLE showing, for the period 1st August, 1930 to 31 t A

, s ugust, 1931, the numbe:rthan in established

COUNTY

2 Cavan

3 Clare

4 Cork

5 Donegal

6 Dublin

7 Galway

8 Kerry

9 Kildare

10 Kilkenny.,

11 Laoighis

12 Leitrim

13 Limerick

14 Longford

15 Louth.

16 Mayo

17 Meath

18 Monaghan ..

19 Offaly

20 Roscommon

21 Sligo

22 Tipperary (N.R.)

23 Tipperary (S.R.)

24 Waterford ..

25 Westmeath

26 Wexford

27 Wicklow

TOTALS

ManualInstruction

28

40

49

32

32

18

33

23

5

5

5

12

7

2

1

8

3

8

6

5

4

220

51

31

133

120

210

239

176

94

222

141

146

129 26

31

31

26

31

17

40

26

40

35

24

32

21

26

DomesticEconomy I Home Spinning,

Lace Knitting, etc.

28

29

8

5

10

12

7

3

229

4

12

4

2

21

3

2

9

8

4

2

5

10

2

12

8

8

490

272

202

271

199

443

529

264

120

614

395

143

336

147

86

787

130

52

34

40

44

44

38

40

28

4436

28

37

43

37

43

26

45

20

24

23

29

30

60 2867

7 146

105

375

6

4111

97

192

48

4

5

23

11 154

404

156

95

46

3 31

147 6 115

304

119 8

41

34

25

. . 3 97 32 6 178 30 _ _ _

.. / 5 134 27 5 163 33 _ _ _

.. 147 Ts03 29 ----;Q3~ --as 45 1,057 --z3

24

38

48

23

14

10

19

36

169. 1 ducted under County Schemes of Vocational Education elsewhere-of students enrolled In c asses con

Technical Schools.

Engineerin~ OtherSubjects

IrishTeachers' Classes

Irish

Commerce OtherSubjects

-+-J +J (f'J d ~ ~11:i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ C1) ~ ~

2 S ~ '" ] ~ 2 ~ ~ ~ ~., ~ ~ ~ ~~ 00) <3 1:; 8~ 0 ~ M U C1) at; '+of ~ ~ ~ z~ a!J .•• ~ ~~ .•• -g ~~ '0 -g ~§ ° Eo=>

~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~u ~ ~ ~] ] ill ~~ ] ~ ] ~ fe ~ et 'S '3 et 'S '3 t •. El '3 ~~ § 0 El 0 <3_z ~__~_p. z ~ ~_p. Z <-t_O_ ~ ~ _Z ~__ <__ 3 __ <-t z__<-t _I

2

3

4 211 53 85 3,020 36

24

28

24

28

~ ~ ~ ~ ~Q) '"'" d fl) ~

'" El ~ '" S.tJ S'0", ] ~~ ~ ] ~b ~ ~ 8.,

., => ~~ '0 => ~ § .•... "0 ~~

]~ ill ~~ ~ ill ~u ~ ~ .,.,El~ ~ e ~ 'S ~ et 15 ~ ~~= b ~p. = 0 ~p. § ~ i'J~

-I---- J __ z <-t__ <__ z__ <-t__ <_ ~ __ ~_=-1 Carlow . . . . 8 223

2 80

4 196

10 322

4 126

6 105

12 392

4 903 139 46 25

15

3 80 27 15

34

2 28 14

522 103

1

19

37 1,420

21

19

31 1,325

28

15

12

32

8

284

. 934

40

547

40 -

29 - 2 16 -

29 1,010

19

17

24

8

47 1,198

16

14

38 64 64 -1

6

2

2 24 -

5 37 7 73 4-

5-

25 13240 40 2

15 536 36 -699

697

33

37

129

48

65

43 - 8 44 26 - 72

981 39- 13 13 - - 8 S1

2 29 \;)

lo.11

329 22 10 5 4410 -

622 22 -

36 - 4

6

33 -

64 -

54212.24 123

138 46 - 13-

14

62 -2

329

247 31 - 4 65 -

15

35 89 1&2 45 -

343 18 - 17

359 134 22 - IS

19

21 6

417 28 32 32- 2 14 -- -

CONTRIBUTIONS FROM DEPAR lMENT Contributionsdministrative Areas under Former Administrative Areas Amalgamated

I-------- from Local

Vocational Education Act, Rates1930 Normal Grant Other Grants Total

OUNTY BOROUGHS: £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £Cork · . · . - · . 2,277 16 I 14,187 6 6 16,465 2 7 2,162Dublin · . · . Dublin County Borough ")

Pembroke Urban District ~ 11,435 I 5 31,977 3 9 43,412 5 2 15,308Rathmines and Rathgar Urban District J

Limerick · . · . - · . 1,144 5 11 4,111 5 6 5,255 11 5 1,048Waterford .. · . - · . 815 18 0 3,063 16 4 3,879 14 4 450

RBAN DISTRICTS:Bray · . · . - · . 384 13 4 1,686 13 3 2,071 6 7 531Drogheda · . · . - · . 570 0 0 1,686 2 5 2,256 2 5 210Dun Laoghaire · . Dun Laoghaire Urban District ")

Blackrock Urban District ~ 1,375 0 0 2,653 11 8 4,028 11 8 1,446Dalkey Urban District J

Galway · . · . -- · . 676 13 4 2,342 14 0 3,019 7 4 340Sligo · . · . - · . 541 13 4 1,616 13 7 2,158 6 11 255Tralee · . · . - · . 474 13 4 2,601 10 7 3,076 3 11 213Wexford · . · . - · . 590 6 8 701 2 7 1,291 9 3 156

OUNTIES:Carlow · . · . - · . 450 0 0 1,510 3 7 1,960 3 7 914Cavan · . · . - · . 435 0 0 1,401 2 9 1,836 2 9 1,374Clare · . · . - · . 720 0 0 1,445 10 7 2,165 10 7 1,660Cork .. .. County Cork } 2, I70 13 4 9,815 16 5 11,986 9 9 9,472

Cobh Urban District

(c) TABLE showing amounts contributed from Local Rates and the Amounts contributed by the Department for the purposes of TechnicalInstruction under Local Statutory Committees, Financial Year, 1st April, 1930, to 31st March, 1931.

A

C

U

C

-'-Io

wW

.. \466 13 4 4,311 13 5 4,778 6 9

- · . 1,540 1 2 1,923 7 10egal 383 6 8.. · . 3,733 12 0- 3,193 12 0lin · . .. \ 540 0 0

9- · . 2,509 8 1 3,354 14vay 845 6 8· . · . 1,963 11 9- 1,513 11 9ry · . · . · . 450 0 0

6- 2,940 8 10 3,665 15are · . · . 725 6 8- · . 1,114 18 6 1,519 18 6enny · . · . · . 405 0 0

3- 1,346 16 3 1,631 16ighis .. · . .. 285 0 0

3- 1,996 7 3 2,371 7rim ., 375 0 0

- · . 1.991 4 4 2,344 11 0erick · . 353 6 8· . · . 2,976 3 4- 2,307 16 8gford · . · . · . 668 6 8

3,374 11 10- 2,442 18 6th · . 931 13 4· . · . 2,828 13 3- 2,376 19 110 · . · . · . 451 13 4 o 11- 1,336 14 3 1,735th · . .. · . 398 6 8-naghan · . · . } 0 0 2,356 19 5 2,956 19 5

County of Offaly 600aly · . · .

Birr Urban District 1,992 6 5 2,285 13 1293 6 8- · .

1,520 3 8 1,686 17 0scommon · . · . 166 13 4

1,949 15 7- 1,340 2 3go · . · . · . 609 13 4-perary (N.R.) · .

County Tipperary (S.R.) ") 6,487 16 4perary (S.R.) .. ~ 1,325 6 8 5,162 9 8

Clonmel Urban DistrictTipperary Urban and Rural Districts J

8 1,565 6 0 1,990 12 8425 6- · .

aterford .. · . } 8 2,568 18 1 3,372 4 9County Westmeath 803 6

estmeath . , · .Athlone Urban DistrictCounty Wexford

")3,081 11 3 3,946 4 7

ex ford .. · .Enniscorthy Urban District ~ 864 13 4

New Ross Urban District J0 2,680 17 4 3,190 17 4

510 0- ..icklow · .

-

I£133,991 18 6 £170,930 19 11£36,939 1 5Totals ..

DonDubGahKerKildKilkLaoLeitLimLonLouMayMeaMoOff

RoSliTipTip

'vV

W

1,3412,8362,8421,0821,0522,3061,480

7841,980

710400

1,7471,9661,105

1,790

1,7921,0201,320 -'-I-2,622

1,139

1,556

2,233

£S2

£71,634

(d) RETURNshowing the Estimated Amounts of the Items of Receipt and Expenditure, other than on Capital Account, under the ApprovedScheme of each Vocational Education Committee for the Financial Year, 1st April, 1931, to 31st March, 1932.

RECEIPTS EXPE DITURE

Administrative Area I Sale ofMainte- Iof Committee Grants from Contribu- Books, Other

the Depart- tion from Tuition Class Other Adrninis- Instruc- nance of Scholar- Expendi-ment Local Fees Materials, Sources tration tion Schools ships ture

Rates etc. and Classes---COUNTYBOROUGHS: £ £ £ £ £ £ £ £ £ £

Cork · . · . 17,137 2,659 1,945 280 559 4,687 12,238 5,757 350 50Dublin · . · . 37,847 22,630 5,993 643 1,669 9,232 35,963 19,898 1,920 7,773Limerick · . · . 6,317 1,035 550 25 785 1,350 4,141 2,240 - 65Waterford · . 4,704 965 225 80 20 773 3,100 1,229 20 -

URBANDISTRICTS:

Bray · . · . 1,936 448 125 20 135 337 1,680 446 80 -Drogheda · . 2,390 349 150 20 50 566 1,724 535 50 15Dun Laoghaire · . 3,920 2,216 330 175 70 1,171 3,335 1,862 103 240Galway · . · . 3,400 412 220 10 50 493 2,488 755 - 40Sligo · . .. 2,800 295 60 40 - 511 1,585 550 30 -Tralee .. .. 3,728 231 200 55 5 634 2,204 1,003 80 50Wexford .. 1,646 259 100 - 41 273 949 1,143 - 10

COUNTIES I 15 429 2,175 1,462 10 -150 150

Carlow · . · . 2,230 1,245554 2,703 1,221 40 40

2,041 100 30 5Cavan · . · . 2,220

20 707 2,984 1,605 280 1352,144 2,397 50 60 470 185Clare · . · . 2,267 15,701 6,1919,405 687 150 95

Cork · . .. 13,453130 608 5,650 3,046 80 20

4,610 2,359 100 -Donegal · . · . 600 3,677 870 250 202,430 2,664 120 120 20

Dublin .. .. 50 659 5,945 1,732 345 2854,560 3,357 100 50

240 150Galway .. .. 15 1,008 3,059 1,2243,215 2,196 220 20

Kerry · . · . 513 2,566 1,894 120 -1,988 2,426 80 40 -

Kildare · . ..40 50 642 4,678 1,779 175 50

2,653 150Kilkenny,' . · . 4,051 473 2,254 1,125 371 241,861 '100 15 6

Laoighis · . .. 1,79420 15 253 2,271 370 70 40

1,820 1,024 50 170 50Leitrim · . · . 730 3,970 5002,429 3,490 100 50 50

Limerick .. 540 2,270 642 30 -2,240 1,124 80 10 5

Longford · . · . 15 542 2,755 1,423 60 521,652 150 ·50Louth .. .. 2,890

80 375 3,600 1,200 16 753,671 2,496 - 3 150Mayo .. .. 30 345 4,000 2,000 100

4,035 200 100Meath .. .. 2,960

20 547 2,637 1,219 150 951,660 2,002 90 -Monaghan ..

6 838 3,336 1,602 100 201,810 125 45

Offaly · , · . 3,271 584 3,465 750 95 1402,540 2,223 50 7 60

Roscommon · . 489 2,152 1,270 100 1001,880 1,412 100 150 20

Sligo .. .. 698 2,252 1,404 - -2,033 120 - -Tipperary (N.R.) .. 1,893 1,267 6,711 1,841 263 350

6,554 3,009 250 105 30Tipperary (S.R.) · . 677 2,684 1,043 126 17

1,985 90 39 6Waterford · . 2,144 400 4,200 1,200 272 30

3,170 2,367 50 75 100Westmeath · . 738 5,048 1,037 375 70

3,949 2,726 265 37 167Wexford .. · . 30 40 736 3,306 1,202 - --

2,857 1,910 150Wicklow. , · .I

174

(e)-TECHNICAL SCHOOL EXAMINATIONS, 1931.STATISTICS.

TABLE I.-LIST OF EXAMINATION CENTRES SHOWING THE COURSES'.IN WIDCH EXAMINATIONS WERE HELD AT EACH CENTRE.

An Uaimh : Convent of Mercy. Courses: Commerce, Art.An Uaimh: Technical School. Courses Commerce, Building, Motor Car Engi-

neering, Domestic Economy.Ardfoyle: Convent School. Course: Domestic Economy.Arklow: Convent of Mercy. Course: Art.Arklow : Technical School. Course: Commerce.Athlone: Technical School. Course: Commerce.Athy: Technical School. Courses: Commerce, Building, Motor Car Engineering.Art,Bail e Atha Cliath : Scoil Chaitrtona, Sraid Eccles. Course: Art.Baile Atha Cliath: Colaist e Einde, Teac Talboid. Course: Art.Baile Atha Cliath : Colaiste San Dorn in ic, Sraid Eccles. Course: Commerce.Ballinasloe : Technical School. Course: Commerce.Ballymahon: Convent of Mercy. Course: Art.Ballyshannon : Technical School. Course: Commerce.Baltinglass : Technical School. Course: Commerce.Birr : Technical School. Course: Commerce.Blackrock: Dominican Convent, Sion Hill. Course: Art.Boyle : Commercial School. Course: Commerce.Bray: Technical School. Courses: Commerce, Building, Motor Car Engineering,

Domestic Economy.Bu ncrana : Technical School. Course: Commerce.Cabra : Dominican Convent. Course: Art.Carlow: Technical School. Courses: Commerce, Building, Electrical Engineering,

Mechanical Engineering, Motor Car Engineering.Carndonagh: Technical School. Course: Commerce.Carraig Mhachaire Rois: Clochar Lughaidh. Course: Art.Carrick-on-Shannon : County Hall. Course: Art.Carrick-on-Suir: Convent of Mercy. Course: Art.Castleblayney : Technical School. Course : Commerce.Cavan: Technical School. Course: Commerce.Ceanannus Mor : Technical School. Course: Commerce.Charleville : Convent of Mercy. Course: Art.Clones: Technical School. Course: Commerce.Clonm el : Central Technical Institute. Courses: Commerce, Building. Mechanical.

Engineering, Motor Car Engineering.Cobh: Convent of i\Iercy. Course: Art.Cobh : Technical School. Courses: Commerce, Motor Car Engineering.Coillte Maghach : Clochar Lughaidh Naomhta. Course: Art.Cork: Christian Brothers' Schools, Our Lady's Mount. Course: Art.Cork: Crawford Municipal Technical Institute. Courses: Commerce, Building,.

Applied Chemistry, Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, MotorCar Engineering, Domestic Economy, Art.

Drogheda : Municipal Technical School. Courses: Commerce, Building, Art.Dublin: Christian Brothers' Training College, Marino. Course: Art.Dublin: City of Dublin Municipal Technical Schools. Courses: Commerce, Build-

ing, Applied Chemistry, Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering,Motor Car Engineering, Domestic Economy, Art. .

Dublin: Loreto College, Carnclough, Crumlin Road. Course: Art.Dublin: Metropolitan School of Art. Course: Art.Dundalk : Municipal Technical School. Courses: Commerce, Building, Applied

Chemistry, Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Motor CarEngineering, Domestic Economy, Art.

175

Dun Laoghaire: Municipal Technical School. Courses: Commerce, Electrical'Engineering, :Ylotor Car Engineering.

Edenderry : Technical School. Cou;ses: Building, Art.Enniscorthy: Loreto Convent. Course: Art.Enniscorthy : Technical School. Courses: Commerce, Building, Electrical Engi-

neering, Motor Car Engineering, Art.Falcarragh : Colaistc Brighde. Course: Art.Fermoy: Loreto Convent. Course: Art.Galway: City of Galway Technical Institute. Course: Commerce.Gorey : Technical School. Courses: Commerce, Building.Kildare: Presentation Convent. Course: Art.Kilkenny: Cit , Technical School. Courses: Commerce, Building, Art.Killarney: Loreto Convent. Course: Art.Killarney : Technical School. Course: Commerce.Kinvara : Convent of Mercy. Course: Art.Letterkenny : Technical School. Courses: Commerce, Building.Limerick: Municipal Technical Institute. Courses: Commerce, Building, Elec-

trical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Motor Car Engineering, Domes-tic Economy, Art.

Lismore: Presentation Convent. Course: Art.Listowel : Technical School. Courses: Commerce, Building.Longford: Technical School. Course: Commerce.Loughrea : Convent of :\lercy. Course.: Art.Macroom : Technical School. Course: Motor Car Engineering.Millstreet : Drishane Convent. Course: Art.Monaghan: Technical School. Course : Commerce.Muineachain : Clochar Lughaidh. Course: Art.Mullingar : Technical School. Course: Commerce.Naas : Technical School. Course: Commerce.New Ross : Technical School. Courses: Commerce, Motor Car Engineering.Passage West : Technical School. Courses: Mechanical Engineering, Motor Car

Engineering.Port Laoighise: Technical School. Course: Commerce.Rathfarnham : Loreto Abbey. Course: Art.Rathmines : Convent of St. Louis. Course: Art.Roscommon: Day Commercial School. Course: Commerce.Sligo: Municipal Technical School. Courses: Commerce, Building, ;\lcchanical

Engineering, Art.Thurles : Presentation Convent. Course: Art.Tipperary: Technical School. Courses: Commerce, Motor Car Engineering.Tra lee : Central Technical School. Courses : Commerce, Building. Electrical

Engineering, Motor Car Engineering, Domestic Economy.Trim: Technical School. Course: Commerce.1 uam : Convent of Mercy. Course: Art.Tullamore : Technical School. Courses: Commerce, Building, Motor Car Engi-

neering. Art.Waterford: Central Technical Institute. Courses: Commerce, Building, Mech-

anical Eng ineering, Art.Waterford: Christian Brothers' Schools, Mount Sion. Course: Art.Waterford: Ursulinc Convent. Course: Art.Westport· Sacred Heart School. Course: Art.Wexford: Loreto Convent. Course: Art.'Wexford: Municipal Technical School. Courses: Commerce, E!ectrical Engi-

neering, Motor Car Engineering, Art.Wicklow: Technical School. Courses: Commerce, Building, Mechanical EIlKI-

neering, Motor Car Engineering, Domestic Economy, Art.Youghal: Technical School. Courses : Electrical Engineering, Art.

1

176

TABL~ n.-SUMMARY OF RESULTS OF

I FIRST YEAREXAMINATIONS

--- ._- --- ---'0 Ogj•.• 1! Name of Centre ]'B "'''' "'''' ~"''' "'~"'~ .!!~ ~'".oc S~ u'" u'" ~8'" "i':l <) ",8 .;;"u ~<)Z "''' c" i.t,Z -U"l C'lU"l

--- --- ---An Uaimh : Convent of Mercy .. .. .. .. 42 17 21 48119 25 25'6924 An Uaimh: Technical School .. .. .. .. .. 89 39Ardfoyle : Convent School 18 9 8 I8121 .. .. .. .. . .Arklow: Convent of Mercy .. .. .. .. . . - - - -'6563 61 12 32 17<6697 Arklow: Technical School .. .. .. .. . .

3 8Athlone: Technical School .. .. .. .. ., 18 7()576 20 2 8 10'6795 Athy: Technical School .. .. .. .. ..

'8124 Baile Atha Cliath: Colaiste Einde, Teach Talhoid .. 24 21 3 -Baile Atha Cliatb : Colaiste San Dominic, Sraid Eccles .. 51 8 24 198126 Baile Atha Cliath: Scoil Chaitriona, Sraid Eccles 2 I 1 -6082 ..

32 15 9 8·6596 Ballinasloe: Technical School .. .. .. ..Ballymahon: Convent of Mercy .. .. . . .. 3 1 2 --8122 10 4 4 2"'7098 Ballyshannon: Technica! School .. .. ..

25 11 12 2Baitingla ss : Technical School .. .. .. .. . .7079 37 5 IS 17Birr : Technical School .. . . . . .. .. . .'6509 Blackrock: Dominican Convent, Sion Hill 18 3 12 3'6269 .. ..3 7 7Boyle: Commercial School .. .. .. .. .. 176847 57 8 28 21

'6457 Bray: Technical School .. .. .. .. .. ..Buncrana : Technical School II - 9 26513 .. .. .. . . ..Cabra: Dominican Convent .. .. .. .. . . 2 I 1 -'6007 30 24Carlow: Technical School .. .. .. .. . . 68 146817 3 66514 Carndonagh : Technical School . '. .. .. .. 30 21Carraig Macbaire Rois: Clochar Lughaidh .. - - - -

'6223 .. ..Carrick-on-Shannon : County Hall .. .. . . .. - - - -6797Carrick-on-Suir : Convent of Mercy .. 2 - 2 -.. .. ..6390Castlehlayney: Technical School 20 I 17 2.. .. . . ..·6121 106 17 62 277151 Cavan: Technical School .. .. .. .. ..

10 32 31Ceanannus M6r: Technical School .. .. .. 736826Charleville : Convent of Mercy 11 2 7 26145 .. .. ..

21Clones: Technical School .. .. .. .. 53 10 227015 496556 Clonmel: Central Technical Institute .. .. .. .. 96 7 40Cobh : Convent of Mercy .. .. .. .. " 2 - 2 -()555 86604 Cobh : Technical School . . . . . . .. .. 29 4 17

6202 Coillte Maghach : Clochar Lughaidh Naomtha .. .. 2 I 1 -Cork: Christian Brothers' Schools, Our Lady's Mount 5 I ~ I<6013 ..Cork: Crawford Municipal Technical Institute .. .. 7GO 151 312 2376003

'6416 Drogheda: Municipal Technical School . . . . .. 95 17 57 21

6143 Dublin: Christian Brothers' Training College, Marino .. 83 19 44 20

6010 Dublin City of Dublin Municipal Technical Schools .. 582 100 300 182

Du blin: Loreto College, Crumlin Road ., .. .. - - - -"8120

Dublin: Metropolitan School of Art .. .. 51 39 11 I6019 .. ..

Dundalk: Municipal Technical School .. .. .. 134 19 76 396415 Dun Laoghaire: Municipal Technical Institute .. 39 4 16 196163 ..Edenderry: Technical School •. .. .. .. .. 2 I 1 -6557 8 I 3 46249 Enniscorthy: Loreto Convent .. .. .. ..

57 3 29 256620 Enniscorthy : Technical School .. .. .. ..

Falcarragh : Colaiste Brighde .. .. .. .. .. - - - -8123 - - - -6308 Fermoy: Loretto Convent .. .. .. .. ..Galway: City of Galway Technical Institute .. .. 82 12 40 30

·6066 33 4 17 127938 Gorey : Technical School .. .. .. . . ..

Kildare: Presentation Convent .. .. .. .. 9 6 3 -8125 34 386607 Kilkenny: City Technical School .. .. .. .. 77 5\I 2 5 4

6048 Killarney: Loreto Convent .. .. .. .. ..Killarnev: Technical School .. .. .. . . .. 61 8 31 22

6680 -6381 Kinvara': Convent of :\fercy .. .. .. .. .. - - -

Letterkenuy : Technical School .. .. .. .. 14 4 8 27099 70 73 586039 Limerick: Municipal Technical Institute .. .. .. 201

Lismore : Presentation Convent . . .. - - - -6460 .. ..38

I9 22 7

6678 Listowel : Technical School .. .. .. .. ..24 9Longford: Technical School .. .. .. .. .. 44 II6914 - - - -6718 Loughrea: Convent of Mercy .. .. .. .. ..

177

EXAMINATIONS HELD AT EACH CENTRE.FOURTHYEAR

SECONDYEAR THIRD YEAR EXAMINATIONSANDEXAMI~ATIO~S EXAMI~ATIONS HONOURS

--- --- --- --- --- ---- -- -- -- ---- -- -- --* * !O'" '0

'" '" '"0:tl '0] - "'''' '0] "'''' '0]'" "'''' ~

0", "'''' ~ o~ "'''' ~"'''' "'''' i;l2 '" "'''' "'''' S~ "'''' "''' e ~t>.~ "'''' "'''' ... ", ~~ "'" .8·e ~~ "'" ... " 0a~ -'" -'2 1(t3 a~ e C~ ~ ,gu.c~ ~8 .oU u~ .oU u'" S;8~ ",8 '" c ",88~ ~" '« Sgj ~<) '" El~ El~ ~<) ''; 8~",,, c " t=. "'" Zi':l",,, c" t=. "'" Zi':l ",,, t::" t=. "'"

.ccZtll _U"l ",U"l Z'£ _U"l C'lU"l z·§ -U"l C'lU"l Z'e 8'""U'" '" '" Zx x "i':l i':l i':l--- -- --- --- --- -- -- -- -- -- ---- -- -- -- ---

811921 2 10 6 3 10 5 5 5 2 2 692418 10 6 2 8121

I I 656316 2 12 2 669710 I 5 4 657632 3 10 \I 8 6795

812415 I 9 5 812615 6 5 4 3 2 6082

65968122709870796509

18 5 6 6 3 2 62696847

20 14 6 2 2 64576513

4 3 2 60075 I 3 6817

651412 5 4 3 15 4 3 8 6223

I 6797\I 3 12 11 6390

612110 3 2 4 7151

\\8 2 6 16 8 8 3 3 68268 3 2 I 2 614S

701530 12 8 9 6556

3 2 I 655529 6 16 6 1 2 6604

2 2 6202IS 5 7 2 6013r: 14 30 20 5)

371 66 161 87 57 87 20 42 19 6 Ho Dour S -j 60032

41 2 21 16 2 I I 6416119 34 76 6 3 18 8 6143

}: -4 ~}191 4U 84 52 IS 32 2 14 14 2 Ho nour s 60104

4 3 I 812058 36 9 8 5 47 20 20 2 56 18 24 14 601933 3 16 11 3 I I 6415

6163

4 65576249

22 12 7 2 6620

81234 2 6308

38 24 9 60664 I 3 7938

16 8 7 I 812531 11 14 6 22 13 9 6607

604824 2 16 6 6680

2 6381

2 I I 709986 32 29 12 13 26 8 10 8 8 5 6039

2 I I 64606 4 2 6678

69142 6718

N

--------------~791~----------------~--------~--178

EXAMINATIONS HELD AT EACH CENTRE.-contimted.TABLE H.-SUMMARY OF RESULTS OF

I FIRST YEARI C:XAMIKATIONS

ri11- ~ii,n ~ZW ~cii ~~ ~

Name of Centre

__ .1-------------_··_- ----------- -- --- -- ---1617202249

1745

22

1037

48

Macroom: Technical School ..Millstreet: Drishane Convent •.Monaghan: St. Louis ConventMonaghan: Technical SchoolMullingar: Technical School

911

R9

30

1325

620

66596986622570166806

11\12

64426790

66196917

606960207053

6765

61486695

26442 Naas : Technical School ..6790 New Ross : Technical School

6619 Passage West: Technical School6917 Portiaoighise: Technical School

12

43

33I2

55

7814

32

171362

53

4735

49

744

11

II

2373

93

218Rathfarnham: Loreto Ahbey ..

Rathmines: Convent of St Louis .Roscommon Day Commercial School

56

40

28

2320

53

18

14

1310

77

9

19

19I

606960207053 2236136765 Sligo: Municipal Technical School

ThurIes: Presentation ConventTipperary: Technical School

Tralee: Central Technical School

Trim: Technical School ..'Tuam : Convent of MercyTullamore: Technical School

Waterford: Central Technical Institute . . . .Waterford: Christian Brothers' Schools, Mount SionWaterford: Ursuline Convent .. . . . . . .Westport: Sacred Heart SchoolWe,dord: Loreto Convent . . . .Wesford: Municipal Technical InstituteWicklow: Technical Schoolyoughal: Technical School

61486695 2 4 3

Ho nour sI

-')

3)657l25

6

14105336 IS5413

3

118

21223

22

36

3

3

110

10

19

19II

I35149

6571 62S572166508

6477611861008127608663476702661Q

103

13625572166508

64776118610081276086634767026610

24

166

34

1030

4149

I24

II36

5832~

20II2I79

19

2I25

3I

2 312I

610

3I

5368

3428

2611

316

Examination of the previous Year of the Course.In these cases the candidates bad not completed the:

TABLE IIl.-GENERAL SUMMARY OF RESULTS.

PercentageNumber of of Passes

--- Number of 1st Class 2nd Class Exercises (CancelledExercises Successes Successes Failures Cancelled." Exercises

Ignored)

Totals for First YearExaminations .. 4,297 897 2,076 1,324 - 69 2

Totals for Second YearExaminations .. 1,684 341 765 400 178 73 4

Totals for Third YearExaminations .. .412 84 179 117 32 69.2

Totals for Fourth YearExaminations .. 176 39 71 53 13 67.5

Totals for HonoursExaminations .. 12 3 4 2 3 77.8

----Gross Total .. 6,581 1,364 3,(195 1,890 226 70.2

In these cases the candidates had not completed the Examination of the previous Year of the Course;

180

TABLE IV.--RESULTS FOR EACH SUBJECT OFEXAMINATION.

3035I~)'21

SUBJECT

----------------COURSE IN COl\lMERCE.

First Year.Commercial Arithmetic and Corn

mercial CorrespondenceBook-keepingShorthand and TypewritingIrishFrench

Second Year.Commercial Arithmetic and

Business MethodsBook-keeping . . . .Shorthand and TypewritingIrishFrench

Third Year.Commercial Arithmetic and

Economic GeographyBook-keeping .. . .Shorthand and Typewri t'r gIrish

Fourth Year.Economic Geography and Busi-

ness EconomicsAccountancyIrish

Honours.Commercial LawEconomic History of Ireland

and Economic GeographyEconomics

COURSE IN BUILDlNG.

First Year.Building ConstructionMathematics and Geometry

Second Year.Building ConstructionGeometry and :.'Ilechanics

Third Year.Building ConstructionApplied Mechanics

Fourth Year.Building ConstructionApplied Mechanics

COURSES IK ApPLIEDCHEMISTRY.

First Year.Elementary PhysicsElementary Chemistry

Second Year.Inorganic ChemistryChemical Analysis

Third 'yees-,Inorganic ChemistryChemical Analysis

Fourth Year,Organic ChemistryTechnical Analysis

Honours.Organic ChemistryTechnical Analysis

Numberof

Centres

Xumber Iof 1st Class 2nd Class

Candidates Successes Successes

48 96848 S9125 44538 5553 6

29 I301326I

710

77

301265lO6166

4

5250IS34

J4S4

3

34

5660

3732

2010

32

2542

II9

2I

SO207

4697

2

20302122

2

1629

1210

3

67

I2

3

24

553428217293

2

16111375675I

1732

227

852

I2

2021

1012

98

1317

:1.4

I Numberof

Failures ExercisesCancelled"

335256182165

2

65

2I

2

I~--- .----- -- ---

2

22

1214

s

97

32

23

22

I2

5

916~l16-IS

1

2I

;111114

1

43I

2010

95

82

2I

618

in these cases the candrdat es had not completed the Examination of the previous Year of theCourse.

181

TABLE IV.-continued.

SUB] Eel'

COURSE IN EU.TTKICAL

ENGINEERING.First Year.

Electrical EngineeringMathematics, Xlechanics and

Drawing

Second Year.Electrical EngineeringMathematics, Mechanics and

Technical Drawing ..

Third Year.Electrical EngineeringMathematics and Drawing of

Electrical Design

Fourth Year.Electrical EngineeringPower Producing Plants and

Drawing of Electrical Design

COURSES IN MECHANICALENGINEERING.

First Year.:Machine Dra wing ..Mathema tics and Geometry

Second Year.Machine Construction ..Mathematics and Machanics

Third Year.Machine Construction and

DesignApplied MechanicsMathematics

Fourth Year.Machine DesignApplied Mechanics and Heat

EnginesMathematics

COURSE IN MOTOR CARENGINEERING.

First Year.Motor Car EngineeringMechanics and Electricity

Second Year.Motor Car EngineeringMechanics and Electricity

Third Year.Motor Car EngineeringMechanics and ElectricityGarage Practice

Fourth Year.Motor Car EngineeringAppJied Mechanics and Hea t

Engines ..Workshop Practice

COURSE IN DOMESTICECONOMY.First Year.

Cookery.. ..Housewifery and Needlework.

Second Year.Cookery and LaundryworkNeedlework

Third Year.Cookery, Laund rywork and

HygieneDressmaking

Fourth Year.Cookery. Firs t Aid and Sick

Nursing 1Dressmaking 2

3

Numberof

Centres

Number Iof 1st Class 2nd Class

Candidates] Successes Successes

10

20IS

108

543

3

24

8S

2:J

2

2

47

74

22I

114

89

34

30

4657

3125

11692

3834

764

55

5144

1414

34

7

14

27

4

3

179

14

32

1224

614

21

1311

58

24

58

34

14

16

3

2

2021

108

352

5

32

4839

2214

4(i

2

2

32

2321

74

Failures

Numberof

ExercisesCancelled"

2

765

42

28

s77

8

8

6

927

IS9

2

5629

83

2

1512

1In these cases the candidates had not completed the Exam.nation of the previous Yearof the Course.

8

3

54

23

22

182

TABLE IV.-continued.

18106

732720

2987

SUBJECT :\I!mherl "umber; Ilf I of lst Class 2nd ClassC('l\tH'S Candidn tc s Successes Successes

COURSES IN AHT.

First Year.Object and Memory Drawing 39 328 151 130Mechanical Dra wing and Design 37 :112 129 IlS

Second Year.Object and Memory Drawing .. 31 227 112 70Design .. .. 27 119 23 58Drawing from Casts 13 74 5 32Drawing from Natural Forms. 20 113 36 52

Third Year.Object and Memory Drawing 21 ('2 24 13Industrial Design 14 42 5 21Drawing from Casts 8 12 6 4Drawing from Natural Forms. 12 4() 12 16Modelling from Casts I. 3 3Modelled Industrial Design I 1 1Pictorial Design 5 5 2 2

Fourth Year.Object and Memory Drawing 24 6 7J ndustrial Design 4 25 4 11Drawing from Natural Forms 4 20 2 6Modelled Industrial Design 2 7 3 2Modelling from Natural Forms I 2 1 1Pictorial Design . . . . 3 17 6 7Painting from Natural Forms .. 2 5 4 1

r Numberof

Failures F x~'r('i~('~. Jca:C~L:·1765

22 2331 73224

15 1012 4I 18 4

9 28 2

10 22

3

• In these cases the candidates had not completed the Exaruinat iou 011 the previous Yearof the Course.

TABLE V.-SPECIAL EXAMINATIONS FOR TEACHERS'CERTIFICATES IN ART.

"umber I Number I '1

SUBJECT. I of I of Passes. Failures.Centres. Candidates. I I

------------------ ------ ---~-,-~----·-I--·---·

Geometrical Drawing . . .• I ]4 103 5-4 1 49Perspective .. . . I 3 '17 8 9Methods of Teaching Drawing:-

Stage I.Stage II.Stage Ill.

TABLE VI.-SPECIAL EXAMINATIONS FOR POST OFFICEEMPLOYEES.

SUBJECT.Number

0'Centres.

):\1101)(,[ I First I SecondI of Class, ClassI Candidates. Successes. I Succe-sses

i-- 37--I--·-l~-- --~~,

15 I 510

Magnetism and Electric~tyl·---9---,

TelegraphyTelephony .. ,

5.j 6

J5

183

TABLE Vll.-LIST OF CANDIDATES TO WHOM PRIZES HAVE BEENAWARDED.

XOTE:-In the case of Subjects not included in the list, no awards have beenmade.

Value of Prizes --First Prize, £2; Second Prize, £1. The prizes are given inthe form of books, instruments, etc., likely to be of assistance to candidates intheir studies. The selection of the prizes is left to the candidates, but is subjectto the approval of the Department.

PRIZES.

COURSE 1:\ CO:\BtEHCE.

Commercial Arithnict ic a nd Economic Geography (Third }'earl.1st Prize: :\ ot awarded.2nd Prize: Pat rick Clayton, Crawford Municipal Technical Institute, Cork.

Book-keeping (Thil'd Yea1').1st Prize: Leo Fitzgibbon, Central Technical School, Tralee.2nd Prize: An na Hal to n, Technical School. Trim.

Irish (Third Year).I st Prize: Kot awarded.2nd Prize: Caithlin :\i Chearnaigh, Central Technical School, Tralee.

Economic Geograpliy a nd. Business Economics (Fourth Yea.,).1st Prize: Xot awarded.2nd Prize: Leo Fitzgibbon, Central Technical School. Tralee.

COUH.SES IN BUILDl:\G.

Building Construction (Third Year).1st Prize: Xo t awarded.2nd Prize: George Barry, Municipal Technical Institute, Limerick.

COURSES IN APPLIED CHE::IUSTRY.

Chemical Analysis (Third Year).l st Prize: Timothy J. O'Sul liva.n, Crawford Mun icipa l Technical Institute

Cork.2nd Prize: Robert D'Arcy, City of Dublin Technical Schools.

Organic Chemistry (Fourth Yea1').1st Prize: :\o( awarded.2nd Prize: Xora M. Harrington, Crawford Mu nicipa l Technical Institute,

Cork.

COCRSE IN ELECTH.IC'.-\T. C":CJ?\EERJXG.

Electrical Engineering (Third Year).1st Pr ize : :\ot awarded.2nd Prize: :\Iichael F. Kecha n, :\[unicipal Technical Institute, Limerick.

COURSES IN YlECHANICAL E);Gl);EERl:\G.Machine Construction and Design (Third Year).

l st Prize: Xot awarded.2nd Prize: Robert \,"hyte, Crawford Municipal Technical Institute, Cork.

18~

111athemaiics (Third Year).1st Prize: Thomas Fleming, Crawford ::'IIunicipal Technical Institute, Cork.

Applied Mechanics and Heat Engines (Fourth Year).I st Prize: John A. Storey, Crawford ::'IIunicipal Technical Institute, Cork.2nd Prize: Pa trick Howard , Crawford Municipal Technical Institute, Cork.

Mathematics (Fourth Year).1st Prize: Patrick Howard, Crawford ::'IIunicipal Technical Institute, Cork.2nd Prize: Tho-, as E. Urell, Crawford Municipal Technical Institute, Cork.

COURSE IN MOTOR CAR ENGINEERING.

Motor Car Engineering (Third Year).I st Prize: Not awarded.2nd Prize: J ames J oseph O'Byrne, Mu nicipal Technical Institute, Limerick.

COURSE IN DOMESTIC ECONOMY.

Cookery, Laundrywork and Hygiene (Third Year).l st Prize: C\ot awarded.2nd Prize: ::'Ilargaret Do nova n, Crawford Municipal Technical Institute, Cork

Dressmaking (Third } ·t·ar).1st Prize: Margaret Donovan, Crawford Municipal Technical Institute, Cork.2nd Prize {EUen J. Griffin, Crawford Municipal Technical Institute, Cork.

divided Annette Ty ndall, Central Technical School, Tralee.Dressmaking (Fourth Year).

1st Prize: Not awarded.2nd Prize: ::'IIary AngeJa O'Brien, Central Technical School, Tra lee .

COURSES IN' ART.

Object and Memory Drawing (Third Year).1st Prize: Anthony Grogan, Metropolitan School of Ar t, Dublin.

Industrial Design (Third Year).1st Prize: Not awarded.2nd Prize: Mar" :'Ircc. Scott, Metropolitan School of Art, Dublin.

Drawing from Casts (Third Year).I st Prize: Audrey Olden, Crawford ::'IIunicipal Technical Institute, Cork.

Drawing from .\'atural Forms (Third Year).1st Prize: Nora :VI.Mac Ca.rta n, Metropolitan School of Art, Dublin.2nd Prize: Mary McC. Scott, Metropolitan School of Art, Dublin.

Modelling from Casts (Third Year) :1st Prize: Not awarded.2nd Prize: Doree n Gibbings, Crawford Municipal Technical Institute, Cork,

Object and Memory Drawing (Fourth Year) :1st Prize: Liam G. O h-Iceadha, Metropolitan School of Art, Dublin2nd Prize: Ena E. Douglas, :'IIetropolitan School of Art, Dublin.

Industrial Design (Fourth Year) :1st Prize: Sheila H. Kermedy, :'IIctropolitan School of Art, Dublin.2nd Prize: Maeve P. Lvnarn, :Vletropolitan School of Art, Dublin.

Modelled Industrial Design (Fourth Year):1st Prize: C\ot awarded.2nd Prize: Gladys Nolan, Crawford Municipal Technical Institute, Cork.

Pictorial Design (Fourth Year) :1st Prize: ::'IIarie J. \\'hite, Metropolitan School of Art, Dublin.

Painting from .Yatural Forms (Fourth Year) :1st Prize: Patrick J. O'Driscoll, Crawford Municipal Technical Institute, Cork.2nd Prize: Ena 1\". Douglas, Metropolitan School of Art, Dublin.

185

APPENDIX VII.

REFORMATORY AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS.

Table A.-~Reformatory Schools.

School Year: 1st August, 1930 to 31st July, 1931.----------~------------~---------~--~~------------

Xumber Number Committals I Discharges,Number under under from Licences, &c.,

of Detention Detention 1st Aug., '30 fromI Schools on on to 1st Aug , '30

IlIst Aug ,'30 31st July, '31

1

31st July, '31 to31st July, '31----1---------

1--------- 1-- - _

Boys .. 1 84 74 I 20 30Girls I 26 24 1 4 6

1 - 1 -----

TOTAL 2 i 110 1 98 I 2-! 36i I i

Table B.--Industrial Schools.

School Year: 1st August, 1930, to 31st July, 1931.

on

I Committals,Recommittals, Discharges,

Number and Licences, &c.,under Readmissions from

Detention from 1st Aug., '30,on ,1st Ang, '30, to

31st July, '311 to 31st July, '3131st July, '31

-------- --------- ------3,065 489 4763,643 463 4-!5

Numberof

Schools

:\umberunder

Detention

TOTAL 52 6,677 6,708 952 921

I

---Ilist Aug., '30

Boys ..Girls ..Mixed

16351

3,0523,625

---- --------! ---------1----

Table C.--Reformatory Schools.The total number of Youthful Offenders admitted upon conviction to Refor-

matory Schools during the year, from 1st August, 1930, to 31st July, 1931, was24, viz., 20 boys and 4 girls.

The offences in respect of which the Youthful Offenders were committed were:-

_________ offences 1 Boys : Gl~ I~~--Larceny 11 ' 3 i 14House-breaking, Shop-breaking, &c. 8 I 8Escaping from Industrial School 1 I 1Obtaining by false pretences . ~i 1 . 1

-------1-----i -! I 24

------------------------~---------

20

Table D.--Industrial Schools.The total number of Admissions to Industrial Schools by committal dur.ng

the year from 1{8/,30 to 31/7/,31, was 941,viz., 485 boys and 456 girls.The children admitted in that year are classified in the following tabular

statement, according to the grounds in which they were committed :-

186

GROu~DS OF COMMITTAL Total

BeggingWandering, and not having any home or settled '

place of abode, Or visible means of subsistence,or is found wan ering and having no home orGuardian, Or a parent or guardian who does notexercise proper guardianship

Children Act, 1929 :-Destitute, not being anorphan, and surviving parent, or parents, con-senting to committal

Destitute orphan, or destitute, having both par-ents, or a sur viving parent undergoing imprison-ment

Parent or Guardian 01 criminai or drunken habitsResiding in a brothelCharged with an offence pu nrsha ble in the case of

an adult with penal servi tude, &c. (being under12 years of age; ..

Charge.l with an offence punishable in the case ofan adui t with penal servitude, &c. (being above12 but under 14 years of age)

A child who has not complied with a SchoolAttendance Order sent under School AttendanceAct, 1926 ..

141

174

18R

'27

14

45

Girls

150 ~91

236 410

22 405 13'2 3

4 31

4 18

3 48

456 941TotaJ

Table E. -Reformatory Schools.The ages and state of instruction of Youthful Offenders admitted upon con-

viction into Reformatory Schools are given in the following tabular statement:-

485

1

1 Total ! State of I Instruction Ion Admission'--- --1------ -·i--------,-----·-- ------.--

I I Mod era tei . Read and Proticiency Read and

Boys[Girls I Illiterate I write in Reading write: I 1 Imperfectly I and vvriting Well

! '~:~:-;::ISI-;-~~I~:l-:-'~O\:-:- -Cirl-:- -;~:S-iGlrl-:-

--1--.'-::.... --i~I---:-~-I----I~II~4 '2 ' 1 1

16 4 '2 - i 6 '2 6 I '2 i 2 I -1-- -- --1--1__---- --- ---1---,---I 20 4 4 ! 7 '2 7 2 2 I

Ageswhen

Admit.ted

12-1414-16

TOTAL

lS7

Table F.-Industrial Schools.

The ages and state of instruction of children admitted to Industrial Schoolsduring the vea r from 1/8/30 to 31/7/31 are given in the following tabularstatement :-

I 1 __ ST.~TE ~~ IX_STRU~TlON~~ AD~111SS~~~_

I 1 , Xlod era.te

I1 Read and proficiency Read and

Total Illiterate 'I: write im- in reading writei perfectly and wri ting well

\ Boys I Girls I BO\-s~Gi~~: BoYSi G:ls I Bovsl Gir~ BOYSIGir~

1~~-;~;-~;--1---51-~1------

I 91 78 71 61 20 16 1

1103 84 55 31 35 44112 9

96 62 30 8 26 30 30 22 10 2I I

91 51 14 I 3 20 21 i 32 I 21 25 i 6- ---- 1_- - 1 __ --1--,485 456 I 273 1 279 102 I 116 1 74 I 53 36 1 81 i I I I I t

Ages whenadmitted

Under 6 years6 years and

under 88 years and

under 10 ..10 years and

under 12 ..12 years and

under 14

TOTAL

Table G.-Reformatory Schools.

The total number of pupils who were dsicharged from Reformatory Schools(including children licensed who did not return) in the year from 1/8,30 to31 7/31~ was 36, viz., :';0 boys and 6 girls.

They were disposed as follows :-

~Iode of Discharge Boys

To Employment

11

19

Returned to Friends

Emigrated

Girls

4

Total

23

11

2.. 1 2

I----i------I-.. 30 6 36TOTAL ..

188

Table H.-Industrial Schools.

Mode of Discharge Total

The total number of children who were discharged from Industrial Schools(including children licensed and absconded who did not return) and who diedin the year from 1/8/30 to 31/7/31 was 921, viz., 476 boys and 445 girls.

They were disposed as follows :-

To employment Or serviceReturned to Friends .. ISent to HospitalEmigratedDischarged-Detention Order being I

Defective ..Going to SchoolRetained in School after expiration of

period of detentionDiedAbscondedEntered Religious CommunitiesSent to HomesCommitted to Reformatory

TOTAL

Boys

35775137

8931

476

Girls

259911111

32

539123

445

6161662418

43

61If!

4331

921

Table I.-Discharges to Employment from Industrial Schools during the Year'from 1/8/30 to 31/7/'31.

The boys discharged to employment from Industrial Schools were distributedas follows, as regards occupations :-Bakers, 11 ; Blacksmiths, 7; Boatbuilding2; Butcher, 1; Cabinet Maker, 1; Carpenters and Wheelwrights, 14; CellarMan, 1; Clerks, 2; Confectioners, 1 ; Cook, 1 ; Dairy Boys, 3; Electrician, 1 ;Farm Boys, 123; Factory Hand, 1; Gardeners, 8; General Labourer, 1;Grocer's Assistant, 1; Grocery and Provision Trade, 1; Hairdressers, 3;Harness Makers, 1 ; Hosier, 1; Housework, 25; Mechanics, 9; Messengers andPorters, 9; Motor Trade (Apprentice), 1; Pages and Pantry Boys, 21 ; Painters,7; Shoemakers, 39; Shop Assistants, 4; Tailors, 43; Waiter, 1 ; Weavers. 8;Yard Boys, 5.

The girls discharged to employment from Industrial Schools were distributedas follows, as regards occupations :-Children's Maids, 18; Cooks, 15; DairyMaids, 1; Dressmakers, 4; Factory Workers, 3; General Servants, 89;Housemaids, 43; Kitchen Maids, 12; Knitters, 2; Laundry Maids. 23;Machinist, 1; Monitresses and Teachers, 2; Nursery Governesses, 2; NurseryMaids, 18; Parlour Maids, 9; Portress, 1; Scullery Maid, 1; Seamstresses, 3 ;Sewing Maids, 8; Shop Assistants, 2; Wardsmaids. 2.

189

Table J.-Number and Causes of Deaths amongst Pupils in Industrial Schoolsduring the Year from 1/8/30 to 31'7/31.

Causes of Deaths Girls TotalBoys

-------.-----1-1---- -,-

Diseases of the Respiratory System , 'I 2 I 3Circulatory System , . 2 3 5Urinary Organs , . 1 1Digestive System 1 1

General Tuberculosis 1 2Tubercular Meningitis 1 2Tu bercular Peritonitis 1Diphtheria 2Accidental Deaths

TOTAL

- I 1 1----- ----- -----9 9 18

I

No death occurred in a Reformatory School during the year.

190

APPENDIX vm.

(A.)--ATTENDANCE OF PUBLIC FROM 1ST AUGUST, 1930, to 31sT JULY, 1931.------------------------------------------------------

AugustSeptemberOctoberNovemberDecemberJanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJuneJuiy

36,16829,20024,95528,06330,68532,46726,17631,16-134,25831,69626,62730,930

TOTAL 362,389

(B.)-PRINCIPAL DONATIO:-IS, LOA:-Is A:-ID PURCHASES DURING THE l'ET<lOD1sT AUGUST, 1930, to 31sT JULY, 1931.

L-IRl:';H ANTIQUITIES DIYISION.

ACQUISfnONs.

(1) AGES OF 5TO"'E _\~1) BROKZE *Stone battle axe, two-edged, T'eergonean, Co. Clare (acquired through Sea.mus

o Duilearga, :U.A., deposited by Royal Irish Academy).Decorated stone battle axe, Curraboy (Knox), Co. Mayo (acquired, with a

plain stone axe from Cloonagashel, Co. Mayo, through :\k J. R. "\". Goulden,Kilkenny College, K:lkenny).

FLAT STONE AXES.Co. Antrim: Aughaboy. Ballintoy (3). Baliyloran, Ballycarry . Ballycasile (4).

Baliymena (3). Plains near Belfast (2). Bellaghy. Broughshane (3). Bushfoot-Lissanduf] (2). Buslimills (4). Carrichfergus (3). ibidem (2, depos. R. LA.).Corkermain . Cushendall (2). Glen arm (3). Glenlesiie (2). Headwood. Lnver.Kirkinriola, Lame. Loan Hill, Loan. M'alone Lower (3). New/own Crommelin .Portglenone (2). Portrush (2). Raruialstoum (2). Rory's Glen. Sherry West.Sallagh (3). Toome (2). T'uliaghg arley . White Head (2).-Black Head. Braid.Braid Valley (3). Clough. Collo n. Giant's Causeway. Island l\Iagee (2). Kil-waughter parish, Lame. Lame district (12). Raloo parish.

Co. Cavan: Clough Oughter.Co. Cork: Clashmore (through Mr. F. J. Duffy, Ceological Survey, Dublin).

* Purchased, if not otherwise stated. Names of townlands in italics, in thespelling of the General Topographical Index, Census of Ireland, 1901 (withSupplement, 1911).

191

Co. Donegal: A rdn asool, Ballybofey. Haliyshastnon. (2). Drumbarnet Middle.Dunmore. par. TuIlyfern (very fine, through Sgt. Fleming, Carda Siochana).Errity (3). Grasoky. Killygordon (depos. RI.A.). 111illford. Tops.-nearBuncrana. Ford of Lescoy.

Co. Down: Ballyholme . Bangor (2). Carnalea , Castle Espie (3). Craigavad.Greengraues (3). Grey Abbey (2). Hol)lwood (2). Maliee Island. Newcastle.Netutoumards District (26). Porta ferry. Ringhaddy. Saint field (2). Scrabo (5).Lough Marony, Scrabo (2). Sketrick Island (2}.-Clandeyboy. Helen's Bay.

Co. Dublin: Dublin district (2).Co. Galway: Baltynacloghy (presented by Mr. T. Shea, Enruskeanc, Co. Cork,

through Mr. Maguire, Co. Librarian, Galway).--Galway district (3).Co. Kildat"e: Atliy (20). Bert Demesne (6). Castlereban North (16). Kilbeny

(:~). Lowtown (2). Monastereuin (17). ibidem. (4, depos. by RI.A.). Passlands(4). Rathsteuiart (2). Shirtccn .

Co. Limerick: Lacka, par. Stradbally (through Miss A. Longfield, NationalMuseurn, Dublin).

Co. Londonderry: Garoagh; near Londonderry (2). Moneymore, Port Steuiart,(4).-Clandy.

Co. Mayo: Knockmore Oughier (through Mrs. Morony).-Gull Island, Loch.Conn (lent by Mr. H. Murnford-Smifh, Moorgate House, Stal ybridge, England).

Co. Meatb : Baskinagli Upper (pres. by Mr. P. J. Ledwith, Agricultural School,Athenry). Stachallan, Tri ni. Wilkinstown (2).-Bohermeen (2). Gorley (2),

Co. Monaghan : Killygally. (pres. by Mr. Const. P. Curran, 15 Garvil lc Avenue,Rathgar).

Co. Sligo: Bearuaish, Cuilpruglish, Kingsfort, par. Toomour (depos. by R.LA.),Lisconury==Ford of Currawn, Ratbmullen. (2).

Co. Tyroue : Glen l\Iornanc. Gortnareagh.Co. Waterford: 3 (lent by :Mr. Russell, K.T., \\'icklow, through l\Ir. D.

o Dughghaill, 10 Gartan Avenue, Dublin).Co. Westmeath: Dervotstoum (chisel, pH'S. by :VIr. Chas. Kettle, Newtown,

St. Marg arets Co. Dublin).Co. Wcsford : Enuiscortby, Ballymacsi-nuni and Rathdangan (all 3 lent by Mr.

o Dubhghaill).

OTHER STOYE DIPLEMENTS.

Flint javelin head, Camadery=-Seuen Churches, Co. Wicklow (through l\lichaeo Murchadha).Arrow-heads.

Co. Antrim: Hallylumin. (with scar). Carnlea . par. Kirk inriola. Cave Hill,Coliinuiard (pres. by Xlr. H. Kirk, Newtownards, depos. by RJ.J\.). Culbane .Glenleslie (2). Gleruuhirry, Loan, Loan Hill (2). Moss-side. Quolie (\I ith scar).T'ardree (2). Braid (2). Slemish.

Co. Clare: Carrouiduf], par. Killaspuglonane.Co. Donegal: Bum crasia (3). Galdonagh, Gl'awhy. Faunet (4).Co. Londonderry: Dungiven (3). Glenullagh. Garvagh (4). Glen Dermot.Co. Offaly: Fortwilliam (pres. by Mr. E. D. Lacaille, Wellcomc ::'1edical

Historical Museum, London).Co. Sligo: Kingsfort.Co. Waterford: loc. doubtful (lent by Mr. Russell, N.T., Wicklow).Co. Wicklow: Loch Bray (pres. by Mr. ]. P. Brunker, 18 Grosvenor Place,

Rathmines, through :VIr. A. 'vV. Stelfox, National Museum, Dublin).Other Stone Implements.

Co. Antrim' Pick and arrow-head, Clough. Pick, Cul imeen. Pestle, Cusheniiall(pres. by Mr. H. Kirk, depos. by RI.A.). Pick, Clenariff. Pick, Clenarni,Pick, 2 axes, javelin-bead, arrow-head and spindle whorl, Glenhead . Pick,

192

Knockans. Co. Donegal: 7 scrapers, Ballyness (pr es. by Miss :'11. C. Knowles,National Museum, Dublin). Knife, Cloghfin, par. Clonleigh. 2 scrapers,Cottoum, Flake, Dun Brennan. Scraper, Kilmona ster Lower. Scrapers andtracked stone, Lismontigley. :~ scrapers, Lurgaushannagh . 4 scrapers,Mullaghann». Implement, The ::\IulIan, Mulna!;eagh. 2 scrapers, Tops. Co.Down: Stone implements, and other fragments, etc., scrabo Hill (partly pres.by Mr. H. Kirk), depos. by RL\. Co. Leitrim: 259 flint flakes found in bog atRaheelin (outfit of travelling workman or bartered flint). Co. Londonderry:Hammer stone (mace-head), Clandy.-Co. T)'>'0128: Ardstraio (pres. by l\Ir. A.Lowry, Argrey, Ball ind rai t, Co. Donegal).

OTHER SETTLDIEi'<T FI)lDS.

Lambav [stand, Co. Dublin: 7 stone axes and adzes, many scrapers, flakes,etc., 4 flint javelin-heads, hones, domestic pottery, limestone rings and otherobjects and fragments. Lent by the Rt. Hon. Lord Revelstoke, Lam bay,Rush, Co. Dublin. (See sub. (2).

BURIAL FIKDS .

Moneen, par. Glanworth. Co. Cork (skeleton). Bellan ascaddan, Co. Donegal(through Garda Siocharia). cist with cremation and food-vessel. Jamestown,Co. Dublin, cinerary urn. Carroumtober East, Co. Galway (excavated, Dr. Th.Costello, Prof. H. J. Sevruou r and Sgt. Ml, Masterso n, Garda Siochana, gavevaluable help), cist with skeleton, food-vessel and 2 scrapers. Ballyogan, Co.Sligo (food-vessel). 11Iisterin,Co.\\'exford (urn, pres. by Mr, Michael 0 Murchad ha).

BRONZE AXES, EARLY TYPES.

Co. Antrim: Annoy (stop-ridge). Ballintoy (doubtful). Busbmills (stop-ridge).Kilwaughter, Larne (flat). Jfoss-side (copper, flat). Co. Armagh : Loughgall(stop-ridge). Co. Clare: Clifden (copper, lent by Dr. Xlacuamara. Corofin,depos. by RI.A.). Co. Dublin: Clontarf (lent by the Rt. Rev. The Hon.Benjamin Plu nket, St. Anne's, Clontarf). Co. Leix: Clona slec (flat, decorated,lent by ::\lL H. A. S. Upton, M.RI.A., Moate, Co. Westrnea th : depos. by RI.A.).Killesliin, Co. Londonderry: Coleraine (stop-ridge). Alduff Moss, Garvagh (flat).Kilrea (flat). Co. T'yrone : Killeter (copper, flat). Co. Westmeath: Downs(flat). Co. Wicklow: loco unknown.

BRONZE AXES. L\TER TYPES (SOCKETED).

Co. Antrim: Ballycarry. Bushmills. Garry Bog, Gan")' Lower. Toome (2).[·OW. CO. Clare: Carnaun, par. Killilagh (through ::\lr. S. 0 Duilearga). Co.Cork: Mitane. Co. Dublin: u nlocal (3). Co. Colioay : Clonhecnkcrrill, Co.Londonderry: Dunamoney. Kilrea, Co. Mayo: Lecarrotu, par. Burrishoole.Co. Sligo: Spurtown Lower. Co. Tyrone : near Omagh. Co. Wicklow: un-localised (2).

BROl\"ZE DAGGERS, RAPIERS AXD SWORDS.

Daggers: Larne, Co. Autr im. Listack , Co. Donegal (through Sgt. \Vm.Mac Menamin, Garda Siochana). Rhcban Castle, Co. Kildare (copper). Loghill,par. Rathkeale, Co. Limerick (lent by ::\Ir. P. J. O'Donnell, Loughill, NewcastleWest, Co. Limerick). Drumlamph, Co. Londonderry. Loona Beg, Co. Mayo.,Co. Wicklow (1).

Rapiers: Bert Demesne, Kilberry and Monasiercirin, all Co. Kildare.Bronze Swords: Portgtenone, Co. Antrim. Graigue, Co. Carlow (2). Cahera-

.derry, Co. Clare (depos. by R.I.A.). Bullaun, par. Bullau n, Co. Galway. Lea,

.ce. Leix. Ballyhoe, Co. Xleat h.

193

BRONZE SPEAR-HEADS.

Co. Antrim: Aghalee, Carncastle, Lame (perhaps the finest ever found irrIreland). Durmcroui. Portglenone. Co, Clare: Ballycuggaran (depos. by RI.A.).Co. Galway: Kilcornan, par. Stradbally (pres. by Mr. P. J. Led with, AgriculturalSchool. Athenry). Killimor. Co. Kildare: Castlereban North. Moatstown.Monastereuiri (3, one out of them with fragments of wooden shaft). Co. Kilkenny:Garangale, Co. Leitrim: Buggaun, near Manorhamilton. Co. Roscommon:Roosky, Barony Ballintober North.

OTHER OBJECTS.

Gold armlet, near Ennis, Co. Clare (Treasure Trove, depos. by RI.A.). Bronzetrumpet found in bog at Boolybrien, Co. Clare, and serving as a container for ahoard; the latter comprised 11 chain-links, one of the finest" sun flower pins"ever found, 2 socketed axes, 1 sword-handle, 2 plain rings and 3 rings with lateralapertures. The Museum is indebted to Mr. J. N. A. Wallace, of Limerick, whohelped in the acquisition, and to Mr. Michael B. Greene, Boolybrien, Kilrnaley,Ennis, for local assistance. Small gold ring, Crookstown, Co. Cork (depos. byRI.A.). Copper Cake, Carrigower bog, Co. Wicklow (probably evidence forprehistoric mining on copper ore).

(2) EARLY IRO AGE.

Finds from destroyed burials of the late 1st and early 2nd century A.D.,betraying Roman influence, on Lambay Island, Co. Dublin. Deposited on loan(see also sub (I), by the Rt. Hon. Lord Revelstoke, Larnbay, Rush, Co. Dublin.These finds and the Bronze Age objects have been described by Dr. R A. S.Macalister, Proc. Roy. Irish Acad. 38 C 9 (1929). The collection comprises:Bronze shield bosses, or discs for somewhat similar purposes, of beautiful' LateCeltic' pattern, 3 mounts of a sword-scabbard, 4 rings, splendid necklace, ;;fibulae; iron sword, mirror and ring; ring of lignite and several other frag-mentary objects.

Bronze Fibula, said to have been found in Ireland, but probably Italian.Six small gold rings, cast over a core, unlocalised (depos. by RI.A.).Greek imperial coin of Nero, struck in Asia Minor, from Gougane Barra,

Derreennacusha, Co. Cork, pres. by Mr. Padraig 0 Suibhne, Macroorn, Co. Cork(the coin is probably only a votive offering to the Holy Well, and may have beendeposited at a much later period). Roman coin (brass, Constantinus :vI.), found atDunsink, Co. Dublin, pres. by :.vIr. C. Xlar tin. Dunsink Observatory. Bronzebridle-bit from Cong, Co. Mayo, lent by the Rt. Rev. The Hon. Benj. Plunket,St. Annes, Clontarf.

Ogam Stone from Donaghmore , Co. Kildare, pres. by Lady Nesta Fitzgerald,Carton, Maynooth, Co. Kildare.

(3) EARLY CHRISTIAN, PRE-NORMAN.

Silver penannular brooch, A.D. 800, excellent representative, found manyyears ago at Ballynaglogh, Co. Antrim.

Silver penan nular brooci , Viking type, from Drimnagh, Co. Roscommon;bronze penannular brooch, circa A.D. 750, Inishbofin, Co. Donegal; and bronzering pin, beautifully ornamented, from Grousehall, Co. Donegal. These threebrooches were acquired by the Royal Irish Academy.

Ringed bronze pin, unusual type, from Nougharal, Co. Clare (depos. by RI.A.).Bronze ring-pin, Rossnaree, Co. Meath.Bronze ring-pin, no Ioc., pres. by Miss Rothwell (depos. by RI.A.).Two bronze pins from the Rosses, Co. Donegal.Bronze pin, bramble-headed, from Mallaranny, Co. Mayo.Bronze bell from Tullamore, Co. Offaly.

o

194

Bronze book clasp (?) from Ballyquin, Co. Kerry.Soapstone lamp from Birdstoum, Co. Donegal.Stone lamp from Killygordon (depos. by R.I.A.).Stone lamp from Coolboy, par. Kilbride, Co. Wicklow; acquir. through Mr. J.

Bennett, Headmaster, The High School, Dublin.Stone lamp from Crone, par. Aghowle, Co. Wicklow; acquir. through Mr.

D. 0 Dubhghaill.Stone lamp from Sleanaglogh, Co. Wicklow, lent by Mr. 0 Dubhghaill (acquired

since).Five Anglo-Saxon coins belonging to a hoard (said to have been discovered

near Dublin, but actually from Kildare) of which the Museum has now graduallyacquired nearly the total.

Sixteen Hiberno-Danish silver coins, obviously a hoard or part of a hoard,found many years ago near Dunbrody, Co. Wexford, acquired through the lateDr. Goddard H. Orpen, and Miss Orpen, Enniscorthy, Co. Wexford.

'(4) POST-NORMAN.Iron Axe, somewhat decorated, from Clonderagh Mountain, near Crohey Head,

Co. Donegal.Iron Axe (mediaeval tool ?), Monasterevin, Co. Kildare.Iron spear-head, Cardington Demesne, Co. Kildare.Iron lance-head, Knockalt Lower, Co. Wicklow.Horseshoe from the" Pass of Plumes," Pass, Co. Leix, pres. by Mr. J. Higgins,

Junr., Emly, Knocklong, Co. Limerick. .Bronze bell (probably for horse), Ballycastle, Co. Mayo, lent by the Rt. Rev.

The Hon. Benj. Plunket, St. Annc's, Clontarf. Bronze Cauldron, three-legged,Cooladine, Co. Wexford, acquir. through Miss A. Longfield, National Museum,Dublin, and the late Dr. Goddard H. Orpen.

Dress found in bog at Moy, Cranny, Co. Clare.Stone inkstand found at Lynch's Castle, Galway, lent by Mr. George Tobin ,

Manager, Munster and Leinster Bank, Galway, through District Justice J. NI.Forde, Fort Eyre, Galway.

Stone inkstand from Inchclerauu, Co. Longford.Small wooden ecclesiastical statue found in Clendaloch, Co. Wicklow.Wooden penal cross from Rossnotulagh, Co. Donegal.Two seal impressions from seal of Archbishop Hugh Boultour, Armagh,

pres. by Mr. Philip Nelson, M.A., M.D., F.R.S.E., Beech wood. Calderstones,Liverpool.

Nine early Angle-Irish coins, probably hoard or part of such, found manyyears ago at Dunbrody, Co. Wexford, acquir. through the late Dr. Orpen(see supra).

Hundert-eight pieces of gun money (probably a rfPparee's belonging). foundon Big Island, par. Meelick, Co. Galway, acquir. through the good services ofMr. A. B. Killeen, E.S.B., Victoria Lock, Banagher, and Mr. Manuel M. Hickie,Borrisokane, Co. Tipperary.

Kildare token (Christopher Cusack), and Enniscorthy token, both presentedthrough" The Friends of the National Collections," by the late Mr. L. F. Fletcher,of Norwood Lodge, Caterham Valley, Surrey, England.

(5) AGE UNCERTAIN.Hammer-stone, Rathlin Island, Co. Antrim; pres. by Mr. Seamus 0 Duilearga,

M.A.Hammer-stone from Mullaghboy, per. Killeshandra, Co. Cavan.Hammer-stone said to have been found at the Tumulus near Raftery's Grave

at Killineen , Co. Galway; presented by Mr. T. Shea, Enniskeane, Co. Cork,through Mr. Maguire, Co. Librarian, Galway.

195

(5) IRISH FOLK COLLECTION.-(a) TILLAGE AND SIMILAROPERATIO:NS.

Hammer-stone, Glentimon, Co. Tyrone,Hammer-stone, Dunganstown East, Co. Wicklow, lent by Mr. D. 0 Dubhghaill

(acquired since).Large stone ring, Gortnesk, Co. Donegal.Holed stone, Ballymena, Co. Antrim. Stone spindle whorls from Cariff, Co.

Antrim, and from Co. Galway (6).Iron scythe and dagger, Kilberry, Co. Kildare.Iron knives from Lea, and from Sralea , Co. Sligo.Querns from Lisoneill, Co. Fermanagh (depos. by R. 1. A.), from Lea, Co. Leix.

and from souterrai n at Carrignadoura, Co. Cork (fragment).Stone disk with incised crosses, Clogh. Mills, Co. Antrim, pres. by Mr. S

o Duilearga.Part of wooden mallet, from souterrain at Dunisky, Co. Cork.Ancient wooden hay fork, found in bog at Queensfort, Co. Galway, presented

by Mr. Denis Joyce, Queensfort, through Dr. Costello.Paddle from Ban n Valley, Co. Antrim.Paddle found in bog at Termon, Co. Donegal, presented by Justice J. A.

Murnaghan, 25 Upper Fitzwilliam Street, Dublin.Wooden platter, bog at Fenagh, Co. Antrim.Wooden platter, bog at Dunloy, Co. Antrim, pres. by Mr. 0 Duilearga.Wooden mether and spade, bog at Lough Inagh, Co. Galway.Wooden vessel, to be carried on back, found in bog at Meen, Co. Kerry;

depos. by R. 1. A.Three methers, found in bog at Sr ahgraddy, Co. Mayo ; acquir. through Garda

Siochana and depos. by R. 1. A.Wooden cradle (?), bog at Lugasnaghta, Co. Leitrim.Churn, bog at M'ullaghboy , Co. Londonderry.Bog butter, Drumhaumagh, Co. Cavan; pres. by :'IIr. Thos. Hal to n, Dru mhaw-

nagh, Loughduff, through M1'.Thos. O'Reilly, Loughdavin, Ballinagh, Co. Cavan.Bog butter, Blackrath; Co. Kildare.Bog butter, Mullagb, Co. Mayo; acquir. through Garda Siochana.Bone wrapped up in bog-deal ropes, enigmatic; bog at Fahamore, Co. Kerry;

acquir. through M1'. O'Flaherty.Horn drinking vessel, Dunganstown East, Co. Wicklow; lent by M1'. D.

o Dughbhaill. (Acquired since.)Stone mould for crucifix, no lac.; pres. by :\11'. D. S. Westropp, National

Museum, Dublin.'Wood carving representing a human head, enigmatic, Co. Dublin; d epos, by

R. 1. A.Twenty-seven amber beads found at Carrotuduf], par. Killaspuglonane, CQ

-Clar e ; acquir. through Mr. Pat Hillery, J unr. Carrowd uff.Leather shoe of a youngster, Tullab ards Great, Co. Wexford; pres. by Miss

Senator K. Browne, Rathronan Castle, Bridgetown, Co. Wexford.Rude cast-iron figure of a female, enigmatic, Crossoge, Co. Tipperary; pres.

by Mrs. Morgan.Animal bones found at the Old Connaught site, Co. Dublin; pres. by Mr. V. C.

Le Fanu, Estate Office, Bray, Co. Wicklow.

Two spades, Tuam, Co. Galway; pres. by Dr. Costello.Iron fir-rooter, Ross, par. Ballynakill , Co. Galway.Large push-plough, called" fiachter," with harness, hitherto unobserved in

Ireland, from Knockanally, Co. Antrim; pres. by Mr. John O'Loan, B.Sc.,A.R.C.Sc.1., N.D.A., Department of Agriculture, Dublin.

196

Small "flachter" from the same district, acquir. through Mr. ]. O'Loan.Two old-style wooden ploughs from Syl aun, par. Belclare, Co. Galway; one

of them pres. by Dr. Costello.Blade of old-style turf spade, Mowntmelleray, Co. Waterford; pres. by Mr.

Sean 0 Donaill, Cappoquin, through Mr. S. 0 Duilea rga ,1an trap, Lisburn, Co. Antrim; and

Two crigs, Ballahill, Ballyclare, Co. Antrim; both lent by Belfast MunicipalArt Gallery, and Museum, through the kindness of :'Iir. A. Deane, M.R.I.A.,F.R.S.E., Curator.

(b) DOMESTIC AKIMALS, ETC.Wooden yoke, bog at Rinbaun, Co. Sligo; pres. by i\Ir. James B. Xloran ,

Carrowrile N.S., Lavagh, Ballymote, Co. Sligo.Horse hair spancel, B aUinskelligs, Co. Kerry; pres. by Mr. Domhnall 0 Drisceoil,

through Mr. Sea n 0 Suilliovain, both of Baile'n Sgeilg.Hone charm of brass, Ards Peninsula, Co. Down.Two muzzles, Ennistymon, Co. Clare, through Mr. S. 0 Duilearga,Old-style beehive, Co. Galway; lent by Rev. Prof. J. Hynes, Registrar,

University College, Galway.

(c) HARVESTING, HAYMAKI)lG, ETG.

Hay fork, Carlow, presented by 1\1r. Mich. Dovle, Carlow; andReaping-hook, manure fork, and flail: pres. by 1\1r.Nicholas O'Toole, Hackets-

town, Co. Carlow; both donations made through Mr. E. O'Toole, P.c., Rathvilly,Co. Carlow.

Flail, Doolin, Co. Clare; pres. by Mrs. Carey, Lu ach , Doolin, through :'IIr.S. 0 Duilearga.

Flail, Limerick, pres. by Ylr. J. ~. A. \\"allace, Limerick, through Re\". L. :'11.Hewsori, The Vicarage, Carbury, Co. Kildare.

Pitcher, used for pitching sheaves of corn; pres, by Mr. John Kinsella, RathrushHouse, Tuliow, Co. Carlow.

(d) DAlRYI::\G.Two noggins from Fahanasoodry , Co. Limerick, and one from M'inegallagher

Glebe, Co. Londonderry.Keeler from Callanafersy West; piggin, cappau n and sieve from Farrantoreen ;

and dash-churn, barrel churn and 2 firkins; all Co. Kerry and lent by the RoyalDublin Society.

Lamh6g and dash-churn, Kerry; pres, by Dr. H. Kenncdy, Irish AgriculturalOrganisation, Dublin.

Hand-dash for churn, and butter print, Mountmelleray, Co. Waterford : pres.by Mrs. Hackett, Mtncntmelleray , through Mr. S. 0 Duilearga.

Wooden butter balance with 5 stone weight, from Doolin, Co. Clare, pres. byMrs. Carey, as before.

Wooden butter prints from Lisnagra, Inniscrone, Co. Donegal; Dundonaldand Greengraues, Co. Down; Neunoumards (2), Co. Down; and two very goodbutter-rollers from Fiueacre, Co. Wexford, acquir. through Miss Senator K.Browne, Rathronan Castle, Bridgetown, Co. Wexford.

(e) FOOD-PREPARATION, COOKIKG, ETC.Cabbage-knife, Farrantoreen, Co. Kerry, lent by R. D. S.Pounder, Inisheer, Aran Isles; through Mr. Th. Mason, Optician, Dublin.Meat forks and other appliances for hearth and fireplace, pot cranes, crooks

for pot crane, fenders, griddle, bools, etc., 14 in all, from different places in Co,Down (all localised) and Dublin.

197

Large roasting-jack, Dublin; pres. by Mr. T. J. R. Kerr, M.P.S.L, 67 LowerMount Street, Dublin.

Two toasters, Armagh; toasters, fork, grid irons, fish grids, etc., from differentplaces in Co. Down. Ditto, from M oumimelleray, Co. Wa.terford ; pres. by Mrs.Hackett, as before. Ditto, from Dublin, pres. by Mr. E. R. Richards-Orpen,Enniscorthy, Co. Wexford.

Kisheen, Inishmaan, Aran Isles, Co. Galway; pros. by Mr. Donohce, InishmaanP.O., through Mr. Th. Mason.

Wooden ladle for corn bin, spice mull, spoons, harvest jar, colander, twisters,skewers, etc., 13 in all, from different places in Co. Down.

(j) FISHERIES.

Short canvas-covered cu rach (intermediate between the round, river-going,and the canoe-shaped, sea-going ,type) from the Rosses, Co. Donegal; twoDonegal type lobster pots, and two lobster pots as used on Hare Island, Co. Cork;all presented by Department of Land and Fisheries, through kind mediation ofMr. C. Green, Secretary.

Mongrel type curach (the next step in local evolution), from Tory Island,Co. Donegal.

Xlodel of a Donegal curach with high prow, pres. by Rev. L. M. Hewson,Carbury, Co. Kildare.

Coracle and two wooden fish clubs, as still used on the river Teifi, Cardiganshire,'Wales, and a model of a similar coracle (oval, canvas-covered) ; both presented,for the comparative collections, by Sir John Lynn Thomas, Llwyndyrs,Cardiganshire. through kind mediation of D1'. W. S. Haughton, 16 MerrionSquare, Dublin.

Warping frame, Inisheer, Aran Isles, Co. Galway, through Mr. Th. Mason,Dublin.

(g) TRANSPORT.

Goatskin, for transport of loads on back, Tnisheer, Aran Isles, Co. Galway;presented by M1'. Mich ael Donohoe, Inishmaan P.O., through Mr. Th. Mason.

Turf barrows, sl ane, baskets and straddle used in turf-cutting, Tuam district,Co. Galway; all presented by Dr. Cos tel lo ,

1'\\'0 pairs of creels with straddle, Ennistymon, Co. Clare; through Mr. S.o Duilearga.

Typical wheel cart, Correen, Co. Antrim; through Mr. J. O'Loan.

(h) SPINNING AND WEAVING.

Instrument used in cloving flax, Cushendall district, Co. Antrim; presented byMr. S. 0 Duilearga.

Two . slis ' (wooden implements for scutching flax), T'uam, Co. Galway;presented by Dr. Costello.

Implement used in preparation of flax, Mou ntmelleray, Co. Waterford;presented by Mrs. Hackett.

Spinning-wheel, Gortnageragh, Co. Antrim: presented by Miss Mary O'Loan,through 2\Ir. J. O'Loan, Department of Agriculture, Dublin.

Clock reel, Lame, Co. Antrim; and swift (flax spinning wheel), Bangor, Co.Down; both lent by Rev. L. M. Hewso n, Carbury, Co. Kildare.

Spinning-wheel, with some other appliances for the work, 1nisheer, Aran Isles,Co. Galway; through Mr. Th. Mason, Dublin.

The same, Tourmakeady East, Co. Mayo; through Mr. Colm 0 Lochlainn,Printer, Dublin.

Spinning-wheel, Quaker Island, Loch Ree; lent by Rev. Hewson, as before.Also hackle and box for latter, from Croom, Co. Limerick.

198

Two wool carders, Cushendall, Co. Antrim: presented by Mr. S. 0 Duilearga,Two .carders, Kimego East; and hackle, Callanafersy West; all Co. Kerry

and lent by R.D.S.Old style loom from Mahanagh, par. Clonbern, Co. Galway; presented by Dr.

Costello, who also sent an expert hand loom weaver, Mr. Pat McLoughlin, forre-erection, etc., as stated in the general part of this Report.

Smoothening stone of a weaver, Rathlin Island, Co. Antrim; and weaver'scandlestick, Dwnmore, Co. Galway; both presented by Mr. S. 0 Duilearga,

The same, Co. Down; through Mr. Calm 0 Lochlairm. Weaver's fan, candle-stick, and tool to disentangle flax, all from Neuitoumards, Co, Down.

(i) DIFFERENT APPLIANCES.Lantern, mechanical bellows, tinder box, watchman's baton, from Neunournards;

watchman's rattle, Baliynahincb ; and bullet-mould, Groomsport ; all Co. Down.Acquired through mediation of Mr. Hugh Kirk, Newtownards, Co. Down.

Collection of objects from the Aran Isles, 15 in all; through Mr. 1'11. Mason,Optician, Dublin. The collect ton includes: baskets of different types, beetle,tankard, jug, shell lamp, cradle, candle mould, etc.

Thatcher's knife, ditto rack, and glove, from Mountmelleray, Co. Waterford;presented by Mr. James O'Neill, Ballysaggart, Lismore, through Mr. S.o Duilearga, The same, from Callanafersy West, Co. Kerry, lent by R. D. S.

Thatcher's implement, Tuam, Co. Galway; presented by Dr. Costello.Wooden chair, Twam, Co. Galway; presented by Mr. E. R. Richards-Orpen,

Enniscorthy, Co. Wexford.The same, T'oormakeady East, Co. Mayo; presented by Mr. Calm 0 Lochlainn,

Dublin.Two sugan chairs, Luach,

bog deal torch; presentedo Duilearga.

Grisset, Co. Carlow; presented by Prof. H. J. Seyrnour, B.A., B.Sc., UniversityCollege, Dublin.

Iron rush light, Ross, par. Ballynakill, Co. Galway. Two rush lights and twocandlesticks, Myshall, Co. Carlow. Two candlesticks, MinegaUagher Glebe,Co. Londonderry. Candle moulds from Killorglin, Co. Kerry (presented by Dr.H. Kennedy, I. A. 0., Dublin) and irouiMountrnelleray, Co. Waterford (presentedby Mrs. Hackett).

Lantern, Ballyministragli, Co. Down.Ironmongery, Galway; presented by Mr. Calm 0 Lochla in n. The same,

Clonee, par. Dunboyne, Co. Meath. The same, Crone Beg, Co. Wicklow, lentThatcher's knife, ditto rack, and glove, from Mountmelieray, Co. Waterford :

by Mr. D. 0 Dubhghaill (acquired since). Knives from Grey Abbey, Lisburn,and Portavogie, Co. Down.

Large Iron shears (28 lb. in weight), from Cornafean, Co. Cavan; presentedby by Mr. Pal MacSeain, Cornafean.

Goatskin tray, T'oormakeady East, Co. Mayo.Basket, Co. Kilkenny; presented by Mr. Martin Kavanagh, The Rower,

Co. Kilkenny.Three baskets, Gorey, Co. Wexford.Leather bottle, Ardglass, Co. Down.Iron pan, Galway. Tally-iron, Virginia, Co. Cavan; and goffering-iron,

Batterstoum, par. Donaghmore, Co. Meath, presented by Mr. Padraig 0 h-Jgin,Batterstown.

Bible-box, church candlestick, etc., Ards Peninsula, Co. Down.St. Brighid's Crosses from Charleuiile, Co. Cork (presented by Miss Arne Ni

Chroi ni n, Charleville), and (4) from Co. Galway (presented by Miss O'Beirne,U.CG., and by Mr. Francis Collins, Weir Village, Tuam).

Doolin, Ennistymon, Co. Clare.by Mrs. John Carey; Luach,

Knife-holder andthrough Mr. S.

199

Charm pebble, said to have been used on Early Christian graves on LnchydonyIsland, Clonakilty, Co. Cork; presented by Mr. Dan McCarthy, 42 Strand Road,Clonakilty.

Cursing stone, said to come from Tumulus near Raftery's Grave at Killineen ,Co. Galway; presented by Mr. T. Shea, Enniskeane, Co. Galway.

Bladder, used by wren boys, Doolin, Co. Clare.Hurdle (" camon "), Tuam, Co. Galway; presented by Dr. Costello.Rapparees flute, M'ineg allagher Glebe, Co. Londonderry.Straw girdle, Weir Village, Tuam, Co. Galway; presented by Dr. Costello.

(6) COLLECTIONS OF COMPARATIVE ARCHAEOLOGY ANDETHNOLOGY.

Model cart, old Cypriote: presented by Miss A. Law, 8 De Vesc i Terrace,Dun Laoghaire; clay vessel from Cyprus; presented by Mr. Diarrnuid Coffey.

Model of Catamaram, Ceylon.Four vessels found at Carthage: presented by Mr. Manning Robertson,

A.R.LB.A., M.R.I.A.I., Chartered Architect, Dublin.Three Ushabtis; presented by the Misses Mowbray.Hausa Koran, in leather satchel, and basket, Abeokuta, West Africa; presented

by Captain T. L. Mansfield, Moylave Glebe, Maynooth, Co. Kildare.Leather headgear, etc., Kenya, East Africa; presented by Mr. O. Grattan

Esmonde, T.D., Dublin.Clay incerisor, Africa; presented by Mr. Bert Adams, American Legion

(Ireland), Cork City.Two pairs of leggings, deer skin coat, Red Indians, and 9 other ethnological

specimens.Seven clay figurines, etc., Olanchito, Republic Honduras; presented by Mrs.

Isabel McClure, 5 St. Lawrence Road, Clontarf.Clay water vessel, Caribs ; lent by Miss E. West, 30 Mount Pleasant Square,

Dublin.Bone hair pin comb, Society-Islands, Polynesia.

H.-ART AND INDUSTRIAL DIVISION.

(a) PURCHASES.

Silver Freedom Box, Cork, 1828. Presented with the Freedom of Cork toGeneral Sir C. 'N. Doyle, commanding the military at the election of DanielO'Cormell for Co. Clare in 1828.

Silver Salver, made in Cork by William Reynolds, and presented by the Cityof Cork to Thomas Browne, Burgess, in 1777.

English pottery plate by Turner.Four silver livery badges, bearing the Marquess of Downshire's monogram.

Late 18th century.Brass Mace, Irish. James I. period.Blue glass scent bottle, gilt, French.Two Irish Military coats, Aide-de-Camp and ) eomanry, and Irish cricketing

coat. Early 19th century.Two Viennese porcelain mugs. 19th Century.Sheffield plate asparagus tongs.Silver sealing wax case bearing the arms of Nicholas Lynch of Galway. Late

17th Century.Two silver dog collars, inscribed: Mrs. Xlary Brad)' Sackville Street, 1756Silver chalice inscribed: Made for George Russell of Rathrnolin and his wife.

Mrs. Mary Taaffe, 1641. Made by William Gallant of Dublin.Nine copper medals by John Woodhouse, Dublin.

200, Howth ' Rifle, found at Phibsborough, Dublin.Silver pepper caster made in Kinsale about 1740.Silver fish slice made by Andrew Goodwin, Dublin, about 1750-60.Two Dolls' spoons, silver, made in Dublin by Christopher Skinner about 1745.Silver Coffee Pot. Made in Cork by \Villiam Newenham about 1725.Small collection of Transvaal and Sassauian coins.Silver gilt Monteith made in Du blin by Thomas Bolton in 1704. Given by

the City of Dublin to Captain George Sanders for taking two Fre nch Privateersand bringing them to Dublin in 1704.

Gilt Breast Plate, 27th Inniskilling Regiment, about 1850.Gilt Shako Plate, 87th Royal Irish Fusiliers, about 1812.

(b) LOA)ls.

Chelsea Porcelain Group. Lent by E. A. Magu ire, Esq.Gold Medal of the Fisheries Exhibition of 1883. Awarded to the Inspectors

of Irish Fisheries. Lent by the Minister for Lands and Fisheries.

Two Antique Chairs. Lent by the Royal Society of Antiquaries, Ireland.Collection of Mess Plate, formerly belonging to the Connaught Hangers. Lent

by Senator Colonel Maurice Moore.Cast iron Imperial quart measure, 1826. Lent by Thomas Mason, Esq.Two early matrices of the Dublin City Seal, and oak casket with six locks.

Lent by the Corporation of Dublin.Silver gilt Ostrich Egg Cup. London, 1590. Lent by Captain

George Whitfield.Two silver salvers, Dublin, 1699-1700. Lent by Charles Green, Esq.

(c) DONATIONS.

Piece of old wood carving from a house in Kilkenny. Given by G. Muir, Esq.Nine old Irish seals. Given by Senator H. S. Guinness.Shako and Cap of the Cavan Militia. Given by Mrs. C. Beresf ord.South Sea Island objects. Given by Dr. T. H. Wilson.Charles Lever's Desk. Given by Miss S. M. Mau ry.Gas Mask and Steel Helmet used in the Great War. Given by \\1. C. McKiernan,

Esq.Rolled Paper Tea Caddy, made by Alicia, daughter of Henry Sheares. Given

by Miss Edyth Warren.Model of Japanese house. Given by J. P. Comben, Esq.Two Caskets for Freedoms presented to Charles Stewart Parnell by the cities

of Dublin and Limerick. Given by Robert Briscoe, T.D.Old carved oak chair. Given by Miss Ella Young.Iron fire back made in Co. Leitrim, 1688. Given by F. J. O'Rourke, Esq.Co. 'Wicklow Tinker's Cart Model. Given by the ~Iisses Wyn ne.Collection of old coins. Given by Surgeon Commander R. Hicksori, R.~.Old Mass Book and Vestment. Given by Miss A. C. Digby.Three coloured engravings of British Lancers, 1811. Given by the Marquess

MacSwiney of Mashanaglass.Silver Coin of Utrecht, 1672. Given by Mr. T.Watch movement by G. Mackv, Londonderry.

Esq.Uniform and Certificate of the Virtuosi of the Pantheon belonging to John

Hogan, the Irish Sculptor. Given by the Rev. Sister :'\I. Clement.Silver \\"atch by Robert Bradford, Rathfriland. Given by Philip Crossle, Esq.Pistol said to have belonged to Daniel O'Connell. Given by John F. Cu rtain,

Esq.

O'Canol!.Given by Francis Buckley,

d

201

Lead figure in chain mail. Given by Chief Justice Ken nedy.Wax group of Daniel O'Connell, talking to peasants. Given by Morgan

O'Connell, Esq.Revolver by Kavanag", Dublin. Given by Stanhope Kenny, Esq.Silver watch, by A. Lestrange, Dublin. Given by J. W. Murphy, Esq.Pieces of embroidery and collection of coins. Given by the Misses Edyth and

Helen \Varren.20 Dollar Bill. Confederate States of America, 1864. Given by Brother AidanPottery Vase, made at Dunmore East, Co. Waterford, about 1880. Given

.by Mrs. Alfred Hamilton.

I [I K-\TURAL HISTORY DIVISION.

BOTANICAL SECTION.

SPECIMEN

(a\ DONATIONS.

LOCALITY

Bandon38 Oil Painitngs of Fungi by MissA. Lane.

Allium oleraceum and Ornithopusperpusillus (records for county)

:20 specimens of Orchidace.e

Co. Down

N. America

Specimens of rare moss (Dicra n-ella Grevilleana).

'Collection of Drift Seeds andcontrols.

250 specimens of FloweringPlants, including new recordsand rare species.

'Collection of Hepatics and MossesDrift Seed of Caesalpi nia Bo n-

ducella.'Specimens illustrative of the

Ru bber industry.Specimen of Wahlenbergia hcd er-

acea, a record ..Specimen of Gnaphalium

sylvaticum.Hypocotyls of two Mangroves

Leitrim and Sligo ..

Riversdale, S. Africa

Ireland

Co. KerryValentia, Co. Kerry

Co. Mayo

Co. Wicklow

S. Africa

(b) EXCHANGES.

100 specimens of dried American plants.. Gray

DOl'oRMr. E. W. Digby,

London.Mr. N. Carrothers,

Belfast.Professor H. NI. Dens-low, through Dr. R,Ll. Praeger.

Rev.W. R MegawBelfast.

Dr. J Oh11 Muir.

Miss IVI. Buchanan.

Dr. R. Scully.Mr. A. Delap.

Rubber Growers' As-sociation, London.

Dr. R L1. Praeger.

M1'. A. W. Stelfox.

Dr. John Mlli1'.

100 Norwegian Phanerogams91 Swedish Lichens

Harbarium, HarvardUniversity.

Botaniske Museum, Oslo.Dr. A. H. Magnusson, Goteborg,

Sweden.

Lion's skull

ZOOLOGICAL SECTION.

(a) DONATIONS.

Africa

Ostrich's eggTail of ElephantNest of Weaver-bird

AfricaAfricaAfrica

Miss Harper, 18 Heath-field Road, Terenure

do.do.do.

SPECIMEN

Tongue bones (two hyoids andthree small bones) of IrishGiant Deer.

Tongue bones of SheepLobster, half red

Young Peregrine Falcon

Three specimens of Coleoptera ..

Limb bones of two FoxesPortion of skull and antlers of

Red Deer.Three speicmens of LepidopteraBones of RabbitEggs and larvae of Salmon

Convolvulus Hawk-mothDeath's-head Hawk-mothFour specimens of Mollusca

Some ankle bones of Donkey

Some Sheep bones

Scale insect

Skeleton of PigeonGrass Snake

Woodlice

Nematode worms

Nematode wormsParasitic worms from Cod's

stomach.Specimens of Limnea glabra

Two valves of fresh-water PearlMussel.

ColeopteronSkull of Caa'ing Whale

AntsSkeleton of Song Thrush

Two Grey Squirrels

Scale InsectTwo pupae of Orange-tip Butter-

flies.British Robin

202

LOCALITY

Ballyscaddan. Knocklorig Dr. Henry Stokes,Co. Limerick.

DONOR

Du blin MarketSkerries, Co. Dublin

Dalkey Island, Co.Dublin.

Inismore, Aran Is.

Malahide, Co. DublinRaith, Aghamore,

Kilkelly, Co. MayoDublinPortrane, Co. DublinLismore, Co.

Waterford.Bray, Co. WicklowAdare, Co. LimerickCulliamore, Co.

Roscommon.Bohernabreena. Co.

Dublin.North Bull, Co.

Dublin.Glenasmole, Co.

Dublin.DublinEscaped from

captivity.Bray Head, Co.

Wicklow.Rathmines, Co.

Dublin.DublinFish caught off Grey-stones, Co. Du .Iin.

Near Kew Ross, Co.Wexford.

King's River, ,Co.Wicklow.

Dingle, Co. Kerry ..Rosslare Strand, Co.

Wexford.CavanNorth Bull, Co.

Dublin.Castle Forbes, Co.

Longford.Avoca, Co. \""icklowDevil's Glen. Co.

Wicklow.Hook Head, Co.

Wexford.

Mr. James Duffy.Mr. D. Brerman, 175·North Strand, Dublin

Mr. J. H. Alien.

Mr. C. WinckworthAlIen.

Mr. E. O'Mahony.;vIr. Martin Finn.

Mr. Dudley Westropp.Mr. E. O'Maho ny.Mr. E. O'Mahony.

Mr. H. O'Flynn.Dr. Costello.Mr. R. A. Phillips_

Mr. A. W. Stelfox,

Mr. E. O'Mahony.

Mr. A. W. Stelfox,

Found in Museum.Mrs. Esmond.

:vIr. E. O'Mahony.

:VIr. J. J. Buckley.

Dr. Leeper.Prof. T. T. O'Farrell.

Miss G. Roche.

Miss Frost, M.Se.

:vIr. E. H. Bennis.Miss Glynn.

:VIr. W. Reid.::VIr. E. O'Mahony.

The Rt. Hon. The Earlof Cra.nard.

::\'lr. A. \V. Stelfox.::\Ir. A. v«. Stelfox.

;\1r. G. R. Humphreys.

..i.

SPECIMEN.

Some insects, mostly Hymen-optera.

Various insectsTwo Coleoptera

Various insects

Four Grey Squirrels

Two Saw-fliesGreat Pine Saw-flyGreat Pine Saw-flyColeopteraCrimson-speckled Footman Moth,

the 3rd Irish specimen.Nest of Leaf-cutter Bee

Crustacean ..

ColeopteronFish (Rhamphistoma belone)Slug (Milax gracilis) ..Slug (Milax gracilis) ..Slug (Testacella haliotidea)

ColeopteraColepoteraColeopteraFish (Gobius minutus)

MouseBoar-fish

Crab

Crustacean

Some bones from earth work

Red-throated Pipit, first Irishspecimen.

Nematode

Tooth of Hyaena, distal end ofWolf's tibia, semilunar boneand vertebra of Irish GiantDeer, numerous fragments

Reindeer bone, gnawedPart of bird's humerus, Dog's

tooth, portion of large shedantler of Irish Giant Deer

Various bones

b

Magherabeg, Co.Wicklow.

Off North Bull, Co. Mr. E. O'Mahony.Dublin.

Dolgelly, N. ~TalesDublin BayCork CityEnnistymonCo. ClareRoscrea, Co.

Tipperary.Kilbride, Scotland Mr.Howth, Co. Dublin Yrr.Clara, Co. vVicklow Mr.Broad Strand, Howth Mr.

Co. Dublin.Rathgar, Co. DublinCourtmacsherry

Bay. Co. Cork.Off Howth, Co.

Dublin.North Bull, Co.

Dublin.Fearaghafin, Toghers- Prof. R. A.. S.

town, Co. Westmeath. Macal isterAchill Island 18 5.. Mr. C. Carrell.

203LOCALITY.

Sixtowns, near Drap-erstown, Co. Derry.

IrelandRed Rock, Howth,

Co. Dublin.Cos. Down and West

Donegal.Castle Forbes, Co.

Longford.Valentia IslandBray, Co. WicklowTralee, Co. KerryDalkeyCobh, Co. Cork

Canal, Clondal kin,Co. Dublin.

Lower cave, Killa-vullen, Co. Cork.

Castlepook CaveKilcoman Cave, Co.

Cork.

DONOR.

Mr. G. Barnett.

~-Ir. R. A.. Philli ps.~1r. E. O'Mahoriy.

Canon G. Foster, l\I.A.

The Rt. Hon. the-Earl of Granard.

Miss M. J. Delap.Mrs. Hornsby,:Ylr. W. Hilliard.Mr. S. w. Kingston.1\'[r. Harold Alien.

:Ylr. A. '~T. Stelfox.

Mr. H. Beasler.Mr. E. O'Mahony.Mr. R. A. Phillips ..Mr. R. A. Phillips.Mr. R. A. Phillips.

E. O'Mahony.E. O'Mahony.

E. O'~1ahony.E. O'Mahony.

Mr. A. W. StelfoxMr. J. W. Barry.

:Ylr. E. O'Mahony.

~Ir. E. O'Mahony,

~fr. E. O'Mahony.

Royal Irish Academy,per ::-rr. F. T. Riley;

do.do.

Triple Rath, Nar- Rev. L. ~1. Hewson,raghrnore, Co.Kildare.

Off Valentia, Co.Kerry.

Kilbarrack, Co.Dublin.

Ivybridge, SouthDevon.

Culmullen , Drurnree, Mr. J. Leonard.Co. Meath.

Glendhu, Co. Dublin :!\'Ir. H. Heasler.Near Summit of Lug- i\'lr. J. A. J. Pal mer.naquilla, Co. Wicklow.Bray Head, Co. Mr. E. O'Mahony.

Wicklow.Co. Wexford

204

SPECIMEK. LOCALITY.

'Small Collection of foreignshells

Beetle Kilcarry Bridge, Co.Carlow.

CushendallMoyallon, Gilford,

Co. Down.Bushy Park, LondonCastle Forbes, Co.

Longford.Slyne Head, Co.

Galway, 1920.Naga Hills, AssamMounttown, Dun

Laoghaire.Donabate, Co. Dublin

Planorbis corrieusPlanorbis sp.

Unio sp.Grey Squirrel

Carolina Crake

Blyth's Horned PheasantTwo Slugs ..

Collection of Slugs'Collection of TicksFish (Ccntrolophus niger)

Coleoptera

Nest of Wood-wren

Humming-bird Hawk-moth

Beetle, new to IrelandBeetle

Dipterous parasite and host

Sea birds killed by oilDO\\'n of Irish Ducks ..

(b) LOAN.·One sacral and three caudal Knocklo ng , Co.

vertebrae of Irish Giant Deer. Limerick.~ine specimens of Lepidoptera in exchange from

(c) PURCHASES

DONOR.

Mr. M. S.westropp.

Mr. A. W.

Dudle,

Stelfox.

Mr. R. JMr. R. J.

Welch.vVelch.

)1r. R. J. Welch.The Rt. Hon. The

Earl of Granard.Pro£. C. J. Patten,

Sheffield.:\>lr. W. 1<. Dodds.:\1r. E. Kelly.

:Mrs. Zoe Hall.Mr. E. O'Mahony.Miss :\'1. J. Delap.

:\Ir. E. O'i\Iahony.

Mr. J. S. Barrington.

i\Ir. G. R. Humphreys.Mr. G. R. Humphreys.

Dr. Henry Stokes.

:\1r. H. C. Huggins, 5Windsor Avenue,Cliftonville, Margate,Kent.

Tope.American Blue-winged Teal.Skeleton of Game-cock.Cast of skull of Sinanthropus pekinensis.Catalogue of the collection of the late Dr. Arthur Wyn rie Foot, made ea .

.1868-1872, with 1~7 specimens.

205

APPENDIX IX.

NATIONAL LIBRARY.

SUPPLEMENTALLIST OF THE MORE IMPORTANTBOOKSAND MSS. ACQUIREDBY

PRESENTATION OR PURCHASE DURING THE YEAR:-

APPENDIX.GIFTS:

CROSSLE(Philip): The Printers of Newry. [Lists which appeared in the NewryReporter, March 30-0ct. 7, 1911, cut out and mounted on fol, sheets].With MS. notes by the author. Presented by Mr. Philip Crossle.

DANTE ALIGHIERI: La vi ta nuova. Nel sesto centenario della morte di Dante.•. [ll testo ... raffermato da Michele Bar bi .. Nestor e Leoni

ide6 e compose il codice originale, allumin6 il frontispizio e i fregi dei margini.Vittorio Crassi ide6 e dipinse le illustrazioni e allegoric]. col. illustr. 4to.Bergamo, 1921. Presented by the Marqu.is MacSwiney of Musharuiglass,

IVEAGH (Edward C. Guinness, 1st Earl of): Pictures from the Iveagh bequestand collections. With an introd. and catalogue of the Kenwood COllection,by Sir Charles Holmes. coloured frontisp., 59 pIs. Iol. publ. for the IveaghTrustees by W. J. Stacey, Chiswick Press, 1928. Presented by SenatorH. S. Guinness.

NORWOOD (John): Photographs of the illuminated addresses presented to SirBenjamin Lee Guinness, Bart., by the citizens of Dublin, and by the Deanand Chapter of St. Patrick's Cathedral. Executed by Marcus Ward & Co.,Belfast. Large 8vo. Belfast, Marcus Ward, 1870. Presented by SenatorH Guinness.

PETTY (Sir Wi lliam) : The double bottom or twin-hulled ship of Sir WilliamPetty. Ed. by the Marquess of Lansdowne. PIs. illustr. la 8vo. Oxford,pr. for the Roxburghe Club, 1931. Presented by the Marquess of Lansdowne.

STANIHURST(Richard): Richardi Stanihursti Dubliniensis de rebus in Hiberniagestis libri quattuor. 4to. Antuerpiae, apud C. Plantinum, 1584. CharlesO'Connor of Belanagare's copy, with notes in his handwriting. Presentedby Mr. O. Grattan=Esmon de, T.D.

THOU (Jacques A. DE) the elder: Histoire univ erselle. Tom. I.-XVI. 4to.Londres, 1734. Presented by Dr. Katherine Maguire .

A number of volumes relating to Poland. Presented by the Polish Consul-General.

A number of volumes relating to France. Presented by the French Jklinister.

A number of volumes relating to Germany. Presented by the German Minister.

BLACKROCK ASSOCIATION AGAINST HOUSE-BREAKING. Minute Book of theAssociation, 1782-97. M.S. Presented by Senator Henry Guinness.

JOURNALkept by Commander Rochfort Maguire, on board H.M.S. Plover on theBehring Straits Arctic Expedition, including a journey to the SandwichIslands via the Isthmus of Panama, 1852-54. M.S. Presented by Dr.Kaiharine Maguire.

SIGNATUREROLLS. Four parchment rolls containing the Oath of Allegiance toGeorge Ill., the Declarations against Transubstantiation and Pretendersto the Throne, with signatures appended, 1770-95. Included are those ofNapper Tandy and Lundy Foot. Presented by Mr. Walter Conan.

206PURCHASES:

ACCOUNT(An) of the nature, situation, natural strength, and antient and modernfortifications, of the several cities and garrison-towns in Ireland; that arestill possessed by the forces of the late King James; their distances fromDublin, and each from the other: with the several approaches by whichthey may be attack't. 4to. London, pr. for W. Bonny, in Pellican Courtin Little-Britain, 1690.

BOYLE (Hon. Robert): Experiments, notes, etc., about the mechanical origineor production of divers particular qualities: among which is inserted adiscourse of the imperfection of the chymist's doctrine of qualities; togetherwith some reflections upon the hypothesis of alcali and acid urn. 8vo.London, pr. by E. Flesher, for R. Davis, Bookseller in Oxford, 1676.

-- New experiments and observations touching cold, or, an experimentalhistory of cold, begun. Pr. for Richard Davis, bookseller in Oxford, 1683.

-- Observations about the growth of metals in their ore exposed to the air.8vo. Pr. by William Godbid, and are to be sold by Moses Pitt, 1674.

-- Some additional experiments relating to the suspicions about the hiddenqualities of the air. 8vo. Pr. by William Godbid, and are to be sold byMoses Pitt, 1674'.

-Cor v (The) of a barbarous and bloody Declaration by the Irish rebels, againstthe Supreame Councell of Ireland. And the Votes of the Popish Assemblyat Waterford against Peace. And a Proclamation excommunicating theClergie of Kilkennie, from saying Maskes (sic), or executing any otherChurch-Offices. September the 28. This Declaration and Proclamationis ... printed and published. srn. 4to. London, pr. for N. E. AnnoDom., 1646.

·GOLDSMITH(Oliver): The miscellaneous works of O. Goldsmith, M.B., containingall his essays and poems. 8vo. Pr. for W. Griffin, Catherine-street, in theStrand, 1775.

--- Poems for young ladies. In three parts. Devotional, moral, and enter-taining. (Selected by Dr. GOldsmith). To which is now added, the much-admired poetical readings of Mr. Shericlan and Mr. Henderson, as recitedat Freemasons Tavern. The whole being a collection of the best pieces inOur language. 12 moo Pr. by E. J ohnson, 1785.

HUMBLE PETITION (The) of many Officers lately drawne from the Army for theservice of Ireland, in the behalfe of themselves, and their Souldiers, to HisExcellency Sir Thomas Fairfax Knight, Captaine Generall of the Army ...shewing the reasons why, and how they were drawn off. With a Vindicationof themselves against the scandals raised by some of his Excellencies Army.srn. 4to. London, pr. by E. Griffin, 1647.

IRELAND: Forfeited Estates: The State and Account of the Seizures and otherProceedings of the Commissioners of Forfeited Estates by themselvesand those who were employed by their Authority, acting under a Commissionfrom their Majesties. Dated July, 1690.

IRISH TROOPSABROAD: "March-Route fur die nacher dem Koriigreich Hungarndurch dieses Landt im March begrieffenen Irrlander, 21 Juli 1692." MS.

MOLANUS(J oannes) : Idea togatre constarrtias, sive Francisci Tailleri DubliniensisPrzetoris in persecutione congressus, & religionis Catholicre defensioneinteritus. Au thore J oanne Molano Corcag. . •• 12mo. Parrsiis, apudviduam Petri Chevalier, 1629.

PETITION (The) of the Officers and Souldiers in the Army, under the commandof His Excellency Sir Thomas Fairfax, with the severall votes of the Councell

207of War at Saffron-Walden, concerning the Armies going into Ireland:with the names of every officer then present. sm. 4to. London, pr. forRobert White, April 2, 1647.

SAINTLEGER (Sir William): True and happy news from Ireland, being the coppyof a letter written from Sir W. Saintliger, Lord President of Munster, tothe Lord Lievetenant of Ireland. Aprill 25, 1642. sm. 4to. London, pr.for John Wright, 1642.

'SCHOMBERG(Armand F.), Duke: A Letter from Duke Schomberge's camp,giving an account of the condition of the English and Irish Army. And... of all the Papists in Ireland, their number and estates ... Fromthe Camp at Dundalke, November 4, 1689. srn. 4to. London, pr. forTho. Parkhurst : and pub!. by Randal Taylor, 1689.

'SINNICHIUS (Joannes): ... Saul Exrex. Sive de Saule, Israeliticze gentisProtornonarcha, divinitus primum sublimato, ac deinde ob violatamreligionem principatu vitaque exu to ; in typum regum ac principumtemeratze religionis reorum, ideoque czelitus animadversorum. vel ani mad-vertendorum. (Lib er primus-secundus). fol. Lovanii, typis ac sumptibusHieronymi Nernpsei, 1662-67.

Two LETTERS. One from Dublin in Ireland [dated Sept. 12, 1649], and theother from Liverpoole [dated: 14 Septem., 1649]' Of a bloody fight inIreland, at the taking of Drogheda by the Lord Lieutenant Cromwell. Withthe particulars of the said fight: and a List of the chief Commanders slaine,and sixteen oftheir heads brought from thence to Du blin. srn. 4to. London,pr. for Robert Ibbitson, in Smithfield, 1649.

WADDING (Luke): A pious garland compos'd by the Reverend Father LukeWadding, Bishop of Ferns, which he cornpos'd for the solace of his friendsand neighbours in their afnictions. To which is added, a choice collectionof divine poems. [Preface to the Reader, signed N.N.]. 12mo. London,pr. for J. C. [i.e., J ames Connor ], Bookseller [West Street, Drogheda J, 1728.

,;yALSH(Peter) : Some few questions concerning the Oath of Allegiance: proposedby a Catholick Gentleman in a Letter to a person of learning and honour.[Signed A.G. With the text of the Oath]. sm. 4to. London, pr. for Hen.Brome at the Gun in St. Paul's Church-Yard, 1677.

WHlTELOCKE (Bulstrode): The Message from the House of Commons to theLords, by Master Bulstrode Whitlocke Esquire, and presented to theirLordships by him. Whereunto is added His Majesties most graciousAnswer to their Message, February 22, 1642. pp. [8]' srn. 4to. LondonPr. by E. Griffin, 1642.

208

AGUISIN X.

COISTE NA LEABHAR.

Seo iad na coinghill fe n-a nglactar bun-cheapad6ireacht le Ioillsiu :-

1. Nt m6r an scribhinn do chur fe bhraghaid na Roinrie chun lcir-rnheas do,dheanarnh uirthi agus ni Iulai r don ughdar gabhail le pe ceartu n6 atharu amholan n lucht comhairle na Roinne a dheanamh.

2. Is Ieidir le hughdar tionnscadal leabhair do chur fe bhraghaid na Roinnechun Ieir-rnheas do dheariamh air; ach siud agus go nglacfadh an Roinn leis nichuirfeadh se sin fe cheangal iad glacadh leis an saothar go hiomlan mara mbeadhse oiriunach.

(1838) .J2455.Wt.1307 /135.3.3.12.1000.11 /32.W.P.W .Ltd.2.

3. Ta se de cheart ag an Roinn diultu dIhoillsiu leabhair gan an Iath do noch-tadh.

4. Ni Iulai r don ughdar slaria do thabhairt don Roinn na saruigheann a leabharaon tsaothar ar a bhfuil c6ib-cheart ar cosnarnh ; agus f6s slana a thabhairt gon-iocfaidh se le luclrt foillsithe an leabhair agus le Roi nn an Oideachais aonchosta isi a cuirfi i gcuirt dlighe mar gheal! ar sharu ar choib-cheart, no mar gheal!ar thualas n6 sc'annal sari leabhar.

5. Ioctar leis an ughdar do reir fiuritais a shaot ha ir su im airgid idir £1 agus£1 10s. Od. an mile focal; agus 'na theannta san gheibheann se suim airithe asgach c6ib de da ndioltar.

6. Is i Roinn an Oideachais, i gcomhairle le hOifig an t.Solathair, a cheapanncruth, toirt agus ceangal an leabhair; an mcid ar a ndioltar e ; an meid c6ib acu irtear i gcl6 clen chead chur-amach, agus gach niclh a bhairicas le bun-chl6 clochongbhail agus le buan-ch16 clo dhea.narnh, ach mas mian leis an ughclart uai rirni a.irith e do chur fe bhraghaid na Roinne m.eadhtar go haireach iacl.

Seo liosta athchomair cle sna coingheal!aibh fe n-a bhfostuighthear scribhneoirfchun leabhair da.ist riu go Gaeclhilg le foillsiu fen Sceim :-

1. Ni fulair an t-aistriuchan do ch ur ag trial! ar an Roinn 'na choclcha 6 an, goham clo reir mar oireann cion Roinn.

2. Ma chltear cion Roinn go bhfuil an t-aistritheoir ro-rnhall beiclh ceacl acaan socru clo chur ar ceal.

3. Ni fulair cion aistritheoir pe cea.rtu a mholfaidh comhairleoiri na Roinne clodhcanarnh.

4. Punt ar gach mile focal clen bhu n-Ieabhar an ghnath-clhiolaiclheacht araistri uchan. Ioctar na tsuim airgid sin i n-ao n iarracht amhain n6 'na dhachuicl nuair bhionn an Roirin sasta go mbionn an t-aistriuchan deanta i gceart.

5. De bhrigh go n-ioctar an t-aistritheoir as a sha.othar is leis an Roinn, daeis sin, gach ceart a bhaineann leis an a.istriucha.n.

Is Ieidir Iiosta cle sna Iea.bhraibh at a foillsithe fen Sccim seo, maille le tuarasc-bhail ar a dtreithe, dIhaghail, ach fios clo chur air go clti Oifig an tSolathair iinBaile Atha Cliath.